Wind loading - BS EN 1991-1-4:2005+A1:2010 to UK National Annex

Building Geometry
Roof type Monopitch
Building length(at right angles to ridge/trough if any) L = 9m
Building width (parallel to ridge/trough if any) W = 9m
Height to eaves H = 19 m
Pitch of roof  = 28 deg
0
Total height h = 23.79 m

Wind information

Map wind speed v = 25.5 m/s

b,map

Upwind distance to shore L = 60 Km

shore

Altitude above sea level A = 155 m

alt

Altitude factor c = 1+0.001*A

alt alt
= 1+0.001*155
= 1.16

Fundamental basic wind velocity v = v *c

b,0 b,map alt
= 25.5*1.16
= 29.45 m/s

Directional factor c = 1
dir

Seasonal factor c = 1
season

Probability shape parameter K = 0.2

Probability exponent n = 0.5

Annual probability of exceedence p = 0.02

Probability factor c = ((1-K*loge(-loge(1-p)))/(1-K*loge(-

prob
loge(0.98))))n
= ((1-0.2*loge(-loge(1-0.02)))/(1-
0.2*loge(-loge(0.98))))0.5
= 1

Basic wind velocity v = c *c *v *c

b dir season b,0 prob
= 1*1*29.45*1
= 29.45 m/s

Reference mean velocity pressure q = 0.5*/1000*v 2

b b
= 0.5*1.226/1000*(29.453)2
= 0.532 kN/m2

Orography

Terrain category Country

Orography factor not significant c = 1

o

Displacement height (No sheltering) h = 0m

dis

The height of the structure is greater than 2b, meaning that it must be considered in multiple parts (clause 7.2.2).

Peak velocity pressure on windward wall - 0 deg wind

Reference height z = H
= 19 m

Displacement height (no sheltering) h = 0m

dis
Exposure factor (figure NA.7) c = 2.82
e
Peak velocity presuure q = c *q
p e b
= 2.822*0.532
= 1.5 kN/m2

Structural factor
Logarithmic decrement of structural damping(table F.2)
 = 0.1
s
Height of element h = 19 m
part

Inputs required for determining size factor (NA-BS EN 1991-1-4:2005+A1 2010 Table NA.3)

Corresponding zone for the size factor - ZONE B

Effective height (z-h ) = 19 m

dis

(b+h) in the direction of wind = 32.79 m

Size factor (Table NA.3) c = 0.91

s
Dynamic factor (Figure NA.9) c = 1.07
d
Structural factor cc = c *c
s d d s
= 1.07*0.91
= 0.97

Peak velocity pressure - roof

Reference height z = 23.79 m

Displacement height (no sheltering) h = 0m

dis
Exposure factor (figure NA.7) c = 2.8
e
Peak velocity presuure q = c *q
p e b
= 2.8*0.532
= 1.489 kN/m2

Structural factor - roof 0 deg

Logarithmic decrement of structural damping(table F.2)
 = 0
s
Height of element h = 19 m
part
Size factor (Table NA.3) c = 1
s
Dynamic factor (Figure NA.9) c = 1
d
Structural factor cc = c *c
s d d s
= 1*1
= 1

Peak velocity pressure for internal pressure

Peak velocity pressure - internal q = q roof
p,i p
= 1.489 kN/m2

Pressures and forces

Net pressure p = c c *q *c -q *c
s d p pe pl pl
Net force F = p*A
ref

Roof load case 1 - wind 0, Positive c , c = -0.3

pe pl
Zone Ext pressure Peak Velocity Net pressure Area Net Force
coefficient pressure p(kN/m2) A (m2) F (kN)
ref w
F(+ve) 0.72 1.49 1.49 4.59 6.84
G(+ve) 0.46 1.49 1.11 4.59 5.11
H(+ve) 0.37 1.49 0.99 82.56 81.62

Total vertical net force F = 82.62 kN

w,v
Total Horizontal net force F = 43.93 kN
w,h

Walls load case 1 - wind 0, Positive c , c = -0.3

pe pl
Zone Ext pressure Peak Velocity Net pressure Area Net Force
coefficient pressure p(kN/m2) A (m2) F (kN)
ref w
A -1.2 1.49 -1.29 35.06 -45.4
B -0.8 1.49 -0.71 157.47 -112.5
Dlower 0.8 1.49 1.61 81 130.24
Dmiddle 0.8 1.49 1.61 52.07 83.72
Dupper 0.8 1.49 1.61 81 130.24
E -0.58 1.49 -0.4 214.07 -85.24

Overall Loading
Eq leeward net force (lower structure) F = -85.24 kN
l
Net windward force (lower structure) F = 130.24 kN
w
Factor for lack of correlation(cl.7.2.2(3)) f = 0.91
corr

Overall loading (lower structure) F = f *(F -F +F )

w,d corr w l w,h
= 0.91*(130.24+85.24+43.93)
= 236.48 kN

Eq leeward net force (middle structure) F = -85.24 kN

l
Net windward force (middle structure) F = 83.72 kN
w
Factor for lack of correlation(cl.7.2.2(3)) f = 0.91
corr

Overall loading (middle structure) F = f *(F -F +F )

w,d corr w l w,h
= 0.91*(83.72+85.24+43.93)
 = 194.07 kN

Eq leeward net force (upper structure) F = -85.24 kN

l
Net windward force (upper structure) F = 83.72 kN
w
Factor for lack of correlation(cl.7.2.2(3)) f = 0.91
corr

Overall loading (upper structure) F = f *(F -F +F )

w, d corr w l w,h
= 0.91*(83.72+85.24+43.93)
= 194.07 kN

Roof load case 2 - wind 0, Negative c , c = 0.2

pe pl
Zone Ext pressure Peak Velocity Net pressure Area Net Force
coefficient pressure p(kN/m2) A (m2) F (kN)
ref w
F(-ve) -0.58 1.49 -1.14 4.59 -5.23
G(-ve) -0.54 1.49 -1.08 4.59 -4.96
H(-ve) -0.23 1.49 -0.63 82.56 -51.75

Total vertical net force F = -54.69 kN

w,v
Total Horizontal net force F = -29.08 kN
w,h

Walls load case 2 - wind 0, Negative c , c = 0.2

pe pl
Zone Ext pressure Peak Velocity Net pressure Area Net Force
coefficient pressure p(kN/m2) A (m2) F (kN)
ref w
A -1.2 1.49 -2.04 35.06 -71.51
B -0.8 1.49 -1.46 157.47 -229.74
Dlower 0.8 1.49 0.86 81 69.93
Dmiddle 0.8 1.49 0.86 52.07 44.95
Dupper 0.8 1.49 0.86 81 69.93
E -0.58 1.49 -1.14 214.07 -244.62

Overall Loading
Eq leeward net force (lower structure) F = -244.62 kN
l
Net windward force (lower structure) F = 69.93 kN
w
Factor for lack of correlation(cl.7.2.2(3)) f = 0.91
corr

Overall loading (lower structure) F = f *(F -F +F )

w,d corr w l w,h
= 0.91*(69.93+244.62-29.08)
= 260.24 kN

Eq leeward net force (middle structure) F = -244.62 kN

l
Net windward force (middle structure) F = 44.95 kN
w
Factor for lack of correlation(cl.7.2.2(3)) f = 0.91
corr

Overall loading (middle structure) F = f *(F -F +F )

w,d corr w l w,h
= 0.91*(44.95+244.62-29.08)
= 237.47 kN

Eq leeward net force (upper structure) F = -244.62 kN

l
Net windward force (upper structure) F = 44.95 kN
w
Factor for lack of correlation(cl.7.2.2(3)) f = 0.91
corr

Overall loading (upper structure) F = f *(F -F +F )

w, d corr w l w,h
= 0.91*(44.95+244.62-29.08)
= 237.47 kN