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-Water is a poor solvent for nonpolar solutes and dissolving a nonpolar substance
in water is thermodynamically unfavourable. Due to the hydrogen bonding
capability, water has a unique structure, causing a high surface tension.
-A non polar solute forces the water to form a cavity in which the solute fits. In
this process, many hydrogen bonds between the water molecules are broken but
new hydrogen bonds are formed among the water molecules, surrounding the
cavity, leading to a negative change in enthalpy.
- the increase in degree of order of solvent molecules near the solute explains
negative change in entrophy. In all, the net change in free energy is positive and
unfavourable.
- The formation of a cavity in water with a salt that gives a high surface
tension needs a bigger input of energy than does the formation of a cavity
with ethe same surface area in water containing a salt giving lower
surface tension.
- The higher the salt concentration, the lesser the availability of water
molecules in solution, increasing the surface tension and hence the
stronger the interaction.
- Ethylene glycol decrease interaction btw HIC gel and proteins by changing
the overall structure of water slightly towards a structure resembling an
organic solvent.