Practice problem 2

Q. 1 Calculate the pressure due to a column of 0.3 m of a) water b) an oil of sp

gravity 0.8 and c) mercury of sp gr 13.6. Take the density of water=1000kg/m3

Height of liquid column = h =0.3 m

The pressure at any point in a liquid is given by equation

P =ρx gxh = 1000x9.81x0.3 = 2943N/m2

B) For Oil Of Sp Gr 0.8

Density of oil = sp gr of oil x density of water

Density of oil =0.8x 1000= 800 N/m2

P =ρxgxh =800x9.81x0.3 =2354.4N/m2

C) For Mercury

Density of mercury =sp gr of mercury x density of water

Density of mercury=13.6x1000=13600kg/m3

P= ρxgxh

13600x9.81x0.3 =40025N/m2

Q.2 The pressure intensity at a point in a fluid is given 3.924N/cm2. Find the
corresponding height of fluid when the fluid is a) water and b) oil of sp gr 0.9
Solution: Given

Pressure intensity P =3.924 N/cm2 = 3.924x104 N/m2

The corresponding height, h of the fluid is given by

h= P/ρ x g

a) Water, h=P/ρ x g =3.924x104/1000x9.81 = 4m of water

b) Oil h=P/ρ0 x g = 3.924x104/0.9x1000x9.81 =4.44 m of oil

Q.3 An open tank contains water up to a depth of 2m and above it an oil of

sp.gr. 0.9 for a depth of 1m. Find the pressure intensity
a) At the interface of the two liquids
b) At the bottom of the tank

Solution: Given

Height of water h1 =2m

Height of oil h2 = 1m

Sp gr. Of oil S0 =0.9

Density of water ρ1 = 1000kg/m3

Density of oil ρ2 = Sp gr. Oil x density of water

= 0.9 x 1000 =900kg/m3

Pressure intensity at any point is given by

P=ρxgxh

a) At interface P = ρ2 x g x 1 = 900x 9.81x 1 = 8829 N/m2 = 0.8829N/cm2

b) At the bottom P = ρ2 x g x h2 + ρ1 x g x h1 = 900 x 9.81 x 1 + 1000 x 9.81 x 2
= 28449N/m2 =2.8449N/cm2

Q.4 what are the gauge pressure and absolute pressure at a point 3 m below
the free surface of a liquid having a density of 1.53 x 103 kg/m3, If the
atmospheric pressure is equivalent to 750 mm of mercury. The specific
gravity of mercury is 13.6 and density of water = 1000kg/m3
Solution: Given

Depth of liquid h1 = 3 m

Density of liquid ρ1 = 1.53 x 103 kg/m3

Atmospheric pressure head h0 =750 mm of Hg = 750 /1000 = 0.75 m of Hg

Atmospheric pressure Patm = ρ0 x g x h0

Where ρ0 = density of Hg = Sp gr of mercury x density of water = 13.6 x 1000 = 13600kg/m3

Pressure head in terms of mercury

Patm = (13.6 x 1000) x 9.81 x 0.75 N/m2 =100062 N/m2

Pressure at a point, which is at a depth of 3m from the free surface of the liquid, is given by

P = ρ1 x g x h1 = (1.53 x1000) x 9.81 x 3 =45028 N/m2

Gauge Pressure P = 45028 N/m2

Now absolute pressure = Pgauge + P atm

Pabs = 45028 + 100062 = 145090 N/m2

Q.5 A manometer is used to measure pressure in a tank as a check against

simultaneous measurement with a gauge. The tank liquid is benzene the
manometer fluid is mercury. For the configuration show in the figure 2,
determine the gauge pressure at A

Solution: Applying the hydrostatic equation to the manometer yields

PA+ ρ1 x g (0.1m) = Patm + ρ2 x g x (0.22m)

With ρ1 = 876 kg/m3 for benzene

And ρ2 =13.6 x 1000 for mercury

After arrangement and substitution, we get

PA – Patm = 9.81 m/s2 [(13600 kg/m3)(0.22m) – (876kg/m3)(0.1m)]

=28492 N/m2

PA – Patm =28.5 KPa gauge pressure

Q6