Bahria University Islamabad

Term Report

Submitted by: Saqib Saeed, Umer Farooq, Haroon Rashid

Enrollment ID: 01-131162-026, 01-131162-032, 01-131162-052

Submitted To: Ma’am Maniha Ali

Date: 21st May 2019

Subject: Pakistan Studies.

 Social Issues in Pakistan
What Is Social Issue?
A social issue is a problem that influences a considerable number of individuals within a society. It is often
the consequence of factors extending beyond an individual's control and is the source of a conflicting opinion on the
grounds of what is perceived as a morally just personal life or societal order.

List of Social Issues:

i. Poverty.
ii. Illiteracy.
iii. Terrorism.
iv. Food and water crisis.
v. Population growth.
vi. Poor health facilities.
vii. Internal and International migration.
viii. Discrimination of gender.
ix. Corruption
x. Drugs
xi. Organized Crimes

Causes and Solutions:

What is poverty?

Poverty is the scarcity or the lack of a certain amount of material possessions or money. Poverty is a
multifaceted concept, which may include social, economic, and political elements.

Cause of Poverty:

Pakistan’s economy fluctuates daily, and the nation’s progress is slow. The causes of poverty in Pakistan
are innumerable, inhibiting economic growth and development, as well as preventing the poor from escaping
poverty. The following are the three main causes of poverty in Pakistan.

Solution of Poverty:

Enormous amounts of money have been poured into developing poverty-reduction programmes — often
with the help of generous funds from donors — to ensure that this modest development objective is somehow met
or at least seen to be met to some degree. The Millennium Development Goals gave primacy to this goal among the
eight designated for achievement by 2015, requiring poverty to be halved from the level prevailing in 2000. With
only five years remaining, a frantic race has begun, especially in Pakistan, to reach the finishing line in time. At the
present reckoning, with the headcount ratio at nearly 40 per cent, the odds for its being brought down substantially
are low. One way to meet the goal is to move the goalpost closer to the scoring line by manipulating its distance,
with the disingenuous approval of the umpire (read 'validation' by donor agencies). Poverty alleviation in the
Musharraf-Shaukat Aziz period — when poverty was claimed to have been halved from 34 to 17 per cent — was
achieved largely by edict and statistical manipulation.
What is illiteracy?

Illiteracy is the quality or condition of being unable to read or write.

Causes of Illiteracy:

 Parents with little schooling;

 Lack of books at home and lack of stimulation as to the importance of reading;
 Doing badly at or dropping out of school—many have not completed high school;
 Difficult living conditions, including poverty;
 Learning disabilities, such as dyslexia, etc.

Solution of Illiteracy:

Illiteracy is a problem that strikes every community at some people. Even in highly educated countries, there are
individuals that slip through the cracks and are unable to read in a meaningful way. These potential solutions to
illiteracy can help to make sure those cracks get sealed up for good.

 Invest into basic training that is provided by employers.

 Create supports within schools.
 Encourage outreach efforts into disadvantaged communities.
 Improve access to education.
 Make it an obligation to receive incentives or supports.

What is Terrorism?

Terrorism is, in the broadest sense, the use of intentionally indiscriminate violence to create terror among
masses of people; or fear to achieve a religious or political aim. It is used in this regard primarily to refer to violence
during peacetime or in war against non-combatants.

Causes of Terrorism:

The motives are political. Terrorists' grievances over such issues as persecution, oppression, poverty,
discrimination, lack of human rights, and living under military occupation, often lead to violence.

Solution of Terrorism:

Since 2001, Pakistan military launched series of military offensive against terrorist groups in Federally
Administered Tribal Areas. The offensive brought peace in those areas and rest of the country. Moreover, many
terrorists belonging to various terrorist groups were also killed. However, some militants managed to flee to
Afghanistan. From Afghanistan, those militants continue to launch attacks on Pakistan military posts located near the
border. In 2017, Afghanistan's Chief Executive Abdullah Abdullah admitted that Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) has
foothold in Afghanistan. According to report by Brown University's Watson Institute for International and Public
Affairs, 23,372 Pakistani civilians and 8,832 Pakistani security personnel were killed in war on terrorism. Moreover,
According to the government of Pakistan, the direct and indirect economic costs of terrorism from 2000–2010 total
$68 billion.

What is Corruption?

In general, corruption is a form of dishonesty or criminal activity undertaken by a person or organization

entrusted with a position of authority, often to acquire illicit benefit.
Causes of Corruption:

Corruption has wide-ranging deleterious effects on society and governance but its most deadly impact is
always on the poor. It undermines democracy, hinders in good governance and weakens the democratic institutions.
It hampers the economic growth and sustainable developments. Increase in corruption in any society is inversely
proportional to good governance. If these suggestions and practical measures are taken, the cancer of corruption
can be cured to reasonable extent. Institutions should be made strong for proper working of the democratic system.
Proper system of accountability and check and balance should be implemented. Justice delayed is justice denied. In
time justice can minimize corruption practices. It is multi-faceted problem, so it should be countered on all possible
fronts with sincerity. We must reform ourselves. Only proper planning and strictly implemented policies with public
support can put halt to this growing menace.

Solution of Corruption:

To eradicate corruption, we need to address the individual mindset. We need to replace a money-oriented
outlook with a value-oriented code of life. We need to persuade people that money is just a need, and not the goal.
The primary concern of every man for himself needs to be replaced with concern for the nation. In other words, we
must replace money with wisdom as the goal. Although this is a long process, it is the only one that can produce
results, and there are no shortcuts. Anti-corruption movements generally demand the enactment of anti-corruption
laws. We already have a plethora of anti-corruption laws in our statute book, but these are rarely implemented.

What are Drugs?

A drug is any substance that, when inhaled, injected, smoked, consumed, absorbed via a patch on the skin,
or dissolved under the tongue causes a physiological change in the body.

Cause of Drugs:

Drug addiction is not a hallmark of moral failure or lack of willpower—it’s a complex disease that deserves
long-term, extensive treatment, just like any other chronic condition. People who have not struggled with substance
abuse may find it difficult to understand why anyone would start using. Why would someone willingly put
themselves in harm’s way by taking dangerous substances? There are, in fact, many reasons why some people turn
to or start abusing drugs, and unfortunately the consequences can be life-shattering. While every case is unique,
there are general patterns that indicate why some people use drugs, how addiction develops, and the consequences
of drug abuse.

Solution of Drugs:

If you know anyone who is going through drug addiction, it is important to help them by every mean possible
because 90 percent of the times, they cannot make this decision as drugs ruin brain cells. Being violent towards
them will only increase their urge. Most of the drug addicts keep using it so they can forget about the harsh realities
of life. Even if they are willing to stop using it, people’s violent behaviour towards them may not help at all in their
decision to quit. So, it is highly recommended to know the patient and start the treatment. We have scientific
approach as well radical approach towards this quitting process. It may seem harsh or unfair but when we asked
from an ex addict, he responded in a different way than science would have. We have gathered two solutions, one
according to the books and how science wants to resolve it. And second is a radical solution to this problem which
was recommended by Anonymous ex-drug user and dealer. Either way, it is a painful and heart-breaking process for
the families who are suffering because of this. We hope our information will help you resolve this issue before it’s
too late. Patient should be sent to rehab as they are qualified and experienced in addressing patients need. Based on
scientific research the following key principles should be considered while carrying out the treatment:

 Addiction is complicated but treatable. It affects brain function and behaviour.

 There is no universal treatment as each body reacts in different way.
  People need to have readily available treatment.
 Effective treatment addresses all of the patient’s needs, not just his or her drug use.
 Staying in treatment long enough is critical for better recovery.
 Counselling and other behavioural therapies like Narcotics Anonymous are the most commonly used
treatment.
 Medications are often an important part of treatment and required during withdrawals, especially when
combined with behavioural therapies.
 Treatment plan must be reviewed very often to suite patient’s need.

What are poor health facilities?

Most of the healthcare facilities in such areas are provided by NGO-run hospitals and clinics. The death rate is higher
than usual. The government has clearly no interest in welfare of the common people.

Causes of poor health facilities in Pakistan:

Health status. Communicable diseases have always been the prime cause of mortalities in Pakistan. The reason for
the rapid spread of these diseases include overcrowded cities, unsafe drinking water, inadequate sanitation, poor
socioeconomic conditions, low health awareness and inadequate vaccination coverage.

Solution of Poor Health Conditions in Pakistan:

 Avoidably high child and maternal mortality

 Nutrition
 “Lifestyle diseases”
 Low public spending

What is gender Discrimination?

Gender norms (or rules) tell us what is appropriate for girls and for boys, women and men to do in our
society. Because of gender stereotypes, girls and women are often less valued and have lower social status.

Causes of gender discrimination:

Discrimination against women is a global issue as even in developed Western nations women experience
biasness based on their gender. In developing countries like Pakistan, gender discrimination is more rampant in both
rural as well as urban areas. The study aim is to find out the causes of low education, poor socio-economic
conditions, societal trends, religious influence, culture and participation in decision making that have led to gender
discrimination in Quetta. A quantitative research approach has been taken to fulfil the objectives of this research. A
mixed sample of illiterate and literate, male and female respondents was chosen at random and data was collected
through questionnaires distributed among the literate population while the illiterate population was interviewed.
The findings reveal that gender discrimination is rampant in Baluchistan and girls are not allowed to pursue
education, denied good healthcare and their social relationships and social behaviour is also controlled by men.
Illiteracy, rigid customs and traditions, patriarchal society and influence of religious personalities were the main
causes of gender discrimination in Quetta. Discrimination is present at all levels and among all classes; however, the
type and level of discrimination varies with the educational background of the respondents.

Solution of gender discrimination:

Although there is no one-size-fits-all remedy for gender discrimination, there are a few solutions that you
can implement to help improve the situation. You should try to increase the diversity of your workforce by reducing
or eliminating experience requirements for some of your positions. This helps fight gender discrimination, because
women who wish to re-enter the workforce after taking time off to raise a family might not qualify for jobs that
require prior experience. Another solution is to hold seminars and sessions for your male employees, so that they
understand the signs and consequences of gender discrimination. This can help the men at your company become
allies of female employees, thereby creating a more collaborative, positive work environment.