Topic – Chemical Reactions and Equations

1.0 CHEMICAL REACTIONS:

Chemical reactions are the processes in which one or more chemical change occurs i.e.
new substances with new properties are formed e.g.:
1. Spoilage of milk at room temperature during summers
2. Rusting of Iron nails left exposed to humid atmosphere
3. Fermentation of grapes
4. Cooking of food
5. Conversion of food into simpler molecules during digestion
6. Conversion of digested food into energy on respiration.
7. Burning of magnesium ribbon in oxygen forming magnesium oxide.
2 Mg + O 2 → 2MgO
1.0.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF A CHEMICAL REACTION:
1. Change in state.
2. Change in colour.
3. Evolution of gas.
4. Change in temperature.
5. Formation of precipitate.
1.0.1.1. Change in State:
When wax is burnt in a wax candle then solid wax gets converted into gaseous carbon
dioxide and liquid water. Thus Burning of candle is a chemical reaction.
1.0.1.2. Change in Colour:
When citric acid is added drop by drop in a solution of potassium permanganate then
colour of potassium permanganate changes from purple to colour less. Therefore this
reaction is also a chemical reaction.
1.0.1.3. Evolution of a Gas:
Reaction between zinc granules and dilute Hydrochloric acid or dilute sulphric acid,
results in evolution of hydrogen gas. Thus it is a chemical reaction:
Zn + H 2 SO 4 → ZnSO 4 + H 2
1.0.1.4. Change in Temperature:
Reaction between quick lime and water to form slaked lime results in evolution of heat.
CaO + H 2 O → Ca (OH) 2 + Heat
Even the reaction of zinc granules with dil. Hydrochloric acid or dilute sulphric acid,
results in a change in temperature besides evolution of Hydrogen gas.
1.0.1.5. Formation of Precipitate:
When potassium iodide solution is added to a solution of lead nitrate then a yellow
precipitate of lead iodide is formed. This reaction is thus characterized by formation
of a precipitate as well as change in colour.
Pb (NO 3 ) 2 + 2KI→ PbI 2 + 2KNO 3
Daily Practice Assignment−01
1

What is a chemical change?

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01.
 Topic – Chemical Reactions and Equations
02. Burning of candle is a chemical change.Comment
03. Digestion and respiration both are chemical changes.Comment
04. Give a few examples of chemical reactions.
05. What helps us to determine that a chemical reaction has taken place?
***

1.1 CHEMICAL EQUATIONS:

A chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction using formula
and symbols of compound or element instead of words.
1.1.1 WRITING A CHEMICAL EQUATION:
1. Substances taking part in reaction are called “Reactants” and written on left hand
side of equation with a plus sign (+) between them.
2. New substances produced in the reaction are called “Products” and written on right
hand side of equation with a plus sign (+) between them.
3. An arrow sign (→) is placed between reactants and Products to show which way the
reaction is occurring.
4. A double half arrow sign ( ) is placed instead of symbol arrow (→) in case of a

reversible reaction.
1.1.2. BALANCED CHEMICAL EQUATIONS:
A Balanced Chemical equation is the one which contains an equal number of atoms of
each element on both sides of
Z nequation
+ H 2 SOe.g.
4 → Z n SO 4 + H 2
1.1.2.1 Skeletal Chemical Equation:
A Skeletal chemical equation has uneven number of atoms of one or more elements in
reactant and product i.e. mass of reactants is not same as mass of Products e.g.: Mg +
O 2 → MgO
1.1.2.2 Importance of Balancing a Chemical Equation:
According to law of conservation of mass, mass can neither be created nor destroyed
during a chemical reaction. Therefore total mass of elements of reactants should be
equal to total mass of elements of products. In other words number of atoms of each
element should remain same before and after the chemical reaction. Hence we need to
balance a skeletal chemical equation.
1.1.2.3 Balancing a Chemical Equation:
Step I
Draw boxes around each formula/symbol on both sides of equation. Do not change
anything inside the boxes at any point of time. For e.g.: Fe+H 2 O→Fe 3 O 4 +H 2
Step II
List number of atoms of different elements present in unbalanced equation on both
sides. e.g.:
Element Number of atoms in reactants (LHS) No of atoms in products (RHS)
2

Fe 1 3
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 Topic – Chemical Reactions and Equations
H 2 2
O 1 4

Step III
Select a compound having maximum number of atoms. It may be a reactant or product.
Now select the element having maximum number of atoms in that compound and try to
balance it by putting suitable smallest whole number coefficient (Do not change the
formula to balance the equation). For e.g.
Compound with maximum number of atoms is Fe 3 O 4 and oxygen has maximum number of
atoms in that compound. Therefore: Fe+4H 2 O→Fe 3 O 4 +H 2
Step IV
Pick up next unbalanced elements one by one and follow the same process as above for
e.g. taking, hydrogen in the given equation.
Fe+4H 2 O→Fe 3 O 4 +4H 2
and
3Fe+4H 2 O→Fe 3 O 4 +4H 2
This is a balanced equation
Step V
To make equation more informative physical states of reactants and product are
mentioned along with their chemical formula for e.g.
3Fe (s) + 4 H 2 O (g) → Fe 3 O 4 (s) + 4 H 2 (g)
Step VI
Sometimes reaction condition, like temperature, pressure, catalyst etc are indicated
above/below the arrow in the reaction equation
340atm
CO (g) + 2H 2 (g)  → CH 3 OH (l)
Sunlight
6CO 2 (aq) + 6H 2 O (l) Chlorophyll
→ C 6 H 12 O 6 (aq.) + 6O 2 (aq.)
Daily Practice Assignment−02
01. Describe the hit and trial method for balancing chemical equations.
02. Find value of a, b, c & d in following reaction
a HCl + b O 2 → c H 2 O + d Cl 2
03. Write the balanced chemical equation for reaction of aluminium oxide with nitric
acid
04. Write the word equation for Mg+CuO-->MgO+Cu
05. Convey the following information in the form of a balanced chemical equation: An
aqueous solution of ferrous sulphate reacts with an aqueous solution of sodium
Hydroxide to form a precipitate of ferrous hydroxide and sodium sulphate
remains in Solution.
***
3
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 Topic – Chemical Reactions and Equations
1.2 TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS:
On the basis of making or breaking of bonds between atoms of reactants to produce
new substances, the chemical reactions are categorised into various types.
1.2.1 COMBINATION REACTIONS:
When two or more substances combine to form a single product, the reactions are
called combination reactions. For example:
i) Calcium oxide or quick lime reacts vigorously with water to produce slaked lime
CaO + H 2 O → Ca (OH) 2
ii) Coal combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide on combustion.
C + O 2 → CO 2
iii) Hydrogen and Oxygen combine to form water.
2H 2 + O 2 → 2H 2 O
1.2.1.1 Exothermic Reactions:
Reactions in which heat is released along with the formation of products are called
exothermic chemical reactions. For example:
i)Burning of Natural gas.
CH 4 + 2O 2 → CO 2 + 2 H 2 O
ii) Respiration: During digestion, food is broken down into simpler substances. Food
containing carbohydrates is broken down to form glucose. Glucose produced during
digestion of food combines with Oxygen in mitochondria of cell during respiration to
produce energy in the form of heat.
C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 → 6CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + Energy
iii) Decomposition of vegetable matter into compost is also an example of an
exothermic reaction.
1.2.2 DECOMPOSITION REACTIONS:
Chemical reactions in which a compound splits up into two or more simpler substances
are known as decomposition reaction. Decomposition reactions require energy in the
form of heat, light or electricity for breaking down the reactants.
CaCO 3 Heat
→ CaO + CO 2
1.2.2.1 Thermal Decomposition Reaction:
Decomposition reactions requiring energy in the form of heat are known as thermal
decomposition reactions. For example:
i) Green coloured Ferrous Sulphate crystals decompose into brown coloured Ferric
oxide, Sulphur dioxide and Sulphur trioxide on heating.
2 FeSO 4 (s)  Heat
→ Fe 2 O 3 (s) + SO 2 (g) + SO 3 (g)
ii) Calcium carbonate decomposes to Calcium oxide and Carbon dioxide on heating.
CaCO 3 (s)  Heat
→ CaO (s) + CO 2 (g)
iii) Lead Nitrate powder decomposes into lead oxide, Nitrogen dioxide and Oxygen.
Nitrogen dioxide is in the form of brown coloured fumes.
2Pb (NO 3 ) 2 (s) Heat
→ 2PbO (s) + 4 NO 2 (g) + O 2 (g)
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 Topic – Chemical Reactions and Equations
1.2.2.2 Electrolytic Decomposition Reaction:
Decomposition reactions which are carried out by using electrical energy are called
electrolytic decomposition reaction and process is called Electrolysis. For example:
Electrolysis of water: A single compound water (H 2 O) splits up to form two simpler
substances hydrogen and oxygen by the action of electricity.
2 H 2 O →
Electricity
2 H 2 (g) + O 2 (g)
Hydrogen is obtained at cathode and oxygen at anode.
1.2.2.3 Photochemical Decomposition Reaction:
Decomposition reactions which are brought about by light energy are called
photochemical decomposition reactions for e.g.
i) White silver chloride turns grey in sunlight.
2AgCl(s)  Sunlight
→ 2 Ag(s) + Cl 2 (g)
ii) Silver Bromide turns grey in sunlight.
2 AgBr(s)  Sunlight
→ 2 Ag(s) + Br 2 (g)
1.2.2.4 Endothermic Reactions:
Reactions in which energy is absorbed are known as endothermic reaction. For example:
Ba (OH) 2 + 2 NH 4 Cl  → BaCl 2 + 2 NH 4 OH
Heat

1.2.3 DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS:

Chemical reactions, in which one element of reactants takes the place of another
element in other reactant, are known as displacement reactions. For example:
i)When iron nails are put into copper sulphate solution then iron replaces copper from
copper sulphate solution and forms iron sulphate. As a result blue colour of copper
sulphate solution fades away while iron nails become brownish.
Fe + CuSO 4 → FeSO 4 + Cu
ii)Zinc displaces copper from copper sulphate solution.
Zn + Cu SO 4 → ZnSO 4 + Cu
iii)Lead displaces Copper from Copper Chloride solution.
Pb + CuCl 2 → PbCl 2 + Cu
1.2.4 DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION:
Chemical reactions in which two compounds react by an exchange of ions to form two
new compounds are called double displacement reactions.
For example;
i) When a solution of Sodium sulphate reacts with Barium Chloride solution, then
Sulphate and Chloride ions exchange their place and a white precipitate of Barium
Sulphate is formed.
Na 2 SO 4 + BaCl 2 → BaSO 4 + 2NaCl
ii) When a solution of lead Nitrate and Potassium iodide is mixed, nitrate and iodide
ions exchange their place.
Pb (NO 3 ) 2 + 2KI → 2 KNO 3 + PbI 2
Daily Practice Assignment−03
5

01. Ammonium cyanate on heating rearranges to give urea.What type of reaction is

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this?Justify your answer.

 Topic – Chemical Reactions and Equations
02. Explain that respiration is an exothermic processwhile digestion is an
endothermic process..
03. List various types of decomposition and illustrate each type with examples?
04. Are the reactions taking place in a disposable battery exothermic or
endothermic?Justify your answer.
05. What do you understand by a combination reaction? Explain with two examples.
***
1.2.5 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION:
1.2.5.1 Oxidation Reactions:
Chemical reaction in which a substance gains oxygen is called an oxidation reaction. For
example:
Surface of Copper powder becomes coated with black Copper oxide on being heated, as
Oxygen is added to Copper.
2 Cu + O 2  → Cu + H 2 O
Heat

The substance losing Oxygen or gaining Hydrogen is said to be reduced. For example: In
above reaction, CuO is reduced.
1.2.5.3 Redox Reaction:
Chemical reactions in which one reactant gets oxidized while other is reduced
simultaneously are called Redox reactions. For example in the reaction.

→ 2 CuO
CuO + H 2  Heat
If a substance gains Oxygen or loses Hydrogen during a reaction then it is said to be
oxidised. For example: Copper is oxidised in above reaction.
1.2.5.2 Reduction Reaction:
Chemical reactions in which a substance loses Oxygen are called reduction reactions.
For example: (i) Hydrogen gas is passed over Copper oxide the coating on its black
surface turns brown as it loses Oxygen to form water.
MnO 2 + 4HCl → MnCl 2 + 2 H 2 O +Cl 2
HCl is oxidized to Cl 2 where as M 4 O 2 is reduced to M 4 Cl 2
In the reaction
ZnO + C → Zn + CO,
Carbon is oxidized to CO and ZnO is reduced to Zn and. In the reaction,
CuO + H 2 → Cu + H 2 O
Hydrogen gas is oxidized to water and CuO is reduced to Cu.

1.3 EFFECTS OF OXIDATION REACTIONS IN EVERYDAY LIFE:

1.3.1 CORROSION:
When a metal is attacked by substances around it such as moisture, acid etc. It is said
to corrode and such process is called corrosion. For example.
i) Reddish brown coating on iron or rusting.
ii) Black coating on Silver.
6

iii) Green coating on Copper.

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 Topic – Chemical Reactions and Equations
1.3.1.1. Disadvantage of Corrosion:
Damage to car bodies, bridges, iron railings, ships and all other objects made of metals
specially those of iron pose a serious problem.
1.3.2 RANCIDITY:
The condition produced by aerial oxidation of fats and oil in food marked by unpleasant
smell and taste is called rancidity.
1.3.2.1 Preventions:
i) Adding of antioxidants which prevent oxidation of foods containing fats and oil.
ii) Keeping food in air tight containers helps to slow down oxidation.
iii) Packets of chips are flushed with an inert gas like Nitrogen to prevent the chips
from getting oxidised.
Daily Practice Assignment−04
01. Differentiate between corrosion and combustion
02. Show that oxidation and reduction processes, occur simultaneously.
03. What are anti−oxidants? Why are they added to fat and oil containing foods?
04. Give one disadvantage of corrosion of metals.
05. Give two examples of corrosion other than rusting.

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 Topic – Chemical Reactions and Equations
EXERCISE
01. A brown metal X on heating in air is coated with a layer of black substance Y.
When hydrogen gas is passed over heated ‘Y’ it again changes back to X.
Name the substance X & Y.
Name and define the chemical process that occurs while change of ‘X’ into Y and
vice versa.
Write balanced chemical equations for changes taking place from X to Y and Y
to X.
02. Why decomposition reactions are called the opposite of combination reaction?
Write one balanced chemical equation each for these reactions. Also write one
equation each for decomposition reactions where energy is supplied in form of
heat, light and electricity.
03. An iron nail is kept immersed in a solution of copper sulphate for three hours.
When it was taken out, nail was found to have acquired a brown colour. Name and
write the balanced chemical equation involved. What is the reason behind iron
nail acquiring a brown coating?
04. Define a chemical reaction. Identify chemical changes taking place in following
reactions.
Zn + H 2 SO 4 → ZnSO 4 + H 2
CaO + H 2 O → Ca(OH) 2 + Heat
Pb (NO 3 )2 + 2KI → PbI 2 + 2KNO 3
05. Give one example each of change in state and change in colour during a chemical
reaction.
06. Why is it necessary to obtain a balanced chemical equation?
07. Give any two methods of prevention of unpleasant smell and taste produced by
aerial oxidation of fats and oil present in food.
08. Give two examples of corrosion in daily life.
09. Identify the substance oxidized and reduced in the chemical reactions:
PbS + 4H 2 O 2 → PbSO4 + 4H 2 O
MnO 2 + 4 HCl → Mn Cl 2 + Cl 2 + 2H 2 O
10. A student has been collecting silver coins and copper coins. One day she
observed a black coating on silver coins and a green coating on copper coins.
Which chemical phenomenon is responsible for these coatings? Write the
chemical name of black and green coatings.
11. You are given the following materials:
i) Iron nails
ii) Copper sulphate solution
iii) Barium chloride solution
iv) Copper powder
v) Ferrous sulphate crystals
8

vi) Quick Lime

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Identify the type of chemical reaction taking place when.

 a) Barium chloride solution is mixed with copper sulphate solution and a white
precipitate is observed.
b) On heating copper powder in air in a China dish, the surface of copper
powder turns black.
c) On heating green coloured ferrous sulphate crystals, reddish brown solid is
left and smell of a gas having odour of burning sulphur is experienced.
d) Iron nails when left dipped in blue copper sulphate solution become brownish
in colour and the blue colour of copper sulphate fades away.
e) Quick lime reacts vigorously with water releasing a large amount of heat.
12. How is the following information indicated in a chemical equation?
i) Formation of a precipitate ii) Evolution of a gas
iii) A solution made in water iv) Evolution of heat
v) Absorption of heat?
13. Which type of reaction is involved in the digestion of food in our body?
14. What is the name given to reaction in which two reactant molecules exchange
their partner ions in aqueous solution?
15. (a) What type of chemical reactions is represented by the following equations?
i) A + BC → AC + B
ii) A + B → C
iii) X → Y +Z
iv) PQ + RS →PS + RQ
v) A 2 O 3 + 2B → B 2 O 3 + 2A
16. How will you indicate the following effects in a chemical equation?
A solution made in water
Exothermic reaction
Endothermic reaction
17. Zinc reacts with dilute sulphuric acid to give hydrogen gas but copper does not.
Why?
18. Why photosynthesis is considered an endothermic reaction?
19. Which of the following are endothermic reactions and which are exothermic?
a) Burning of natural gas
b) Photosynthesis
c) Electrolysis of water
d) Respiration
e) Decomposition of calcium carbonate
20. Which of the statements about the reaction below are incorrect?
2PbO(s) + C(s) → 2Pb(s) + CO 2 (g)
a) Lead is getting reduced.
b) Carbon dioxide is getting oxidized.
c) Carbon is getting oxidized.
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d) Lead oxide is getting reduced.

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 Topic – Chemical Reactions and Equations
PRACTICAL SKILLS - MCQs
1. The reaction between CaO and H 2 O is
(1) Exothermic with no sound (2) Endothermic with hissing sound
(3) Highly exothermic with hissing sound
(4) Neither endothermic nor exothermic and no sound is produced
2. The colour of barium chloride solution is
(1) coloujrless (2) green (3) blue (4) brown
3. The colour of solid sodium sulphate is
(1) green (2) pink (3) orange (4) white
4. The colour of ferrous sulphatge solution is
(1) colourless (2) pale green (3) blue (4) reddish brown
5. The colour of solid product formed on heating ferrous sulphate is
(1) colourless (2) reddish brown (3) green (4) black
6. The formula of product fomred on heating of ferrous sulphate is
(1) FeO (2) Fe 2 O 3 (3) Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 (4) FeCO 3
7. The gas formed on heating ferrous sulphate which is colourless, has smell of burning
sulphur, turns lime water milky and turns acidified potassium dichromate green is
(1) SO 2 (2) SO 3 (3) H 2 S (4) CO 2
8. The colour of metal deposited when iron nails are dipped in aq. Solution of copper
sulphate is
(1) reddish brown (2) no metal is deposited (3) grey (4) silvery white
9. The colour of solution after half an hour when iron nails are dipped in copper
sulphate solution is
(1) pale green (2) blue (3) colourless (4) reddish brown
10. When iron nails are dipped in copper sulphate solution, after half an hour, the
solutin turns pale green due to formation of
(1) FeSO 4 (2) FeS (3) FeSO 3 (4) FeS 2
11. When you place an iron nail in copper sulphate solution, the reddish brown coating
formed on the nail is
(1) soft and dull (2) hard and flaky (3) smooth and shiny (4) rough and granular
12. When iron nail is dipped in copper sulphate solution reddish brwon coating of copper
gets deposited at
(1) top of nail (2) bottom of nail (3) middle of nail (4) anywhere on nail
13. The white predipitate formed by the reaction of barium chloride with sodium
sulphate solution is due to the formation of
(1) BaSO 4 (2) BaSO 3 (3) BaS (4) BaO
14. The reaction between barium chloride and sodium sulphate is classified as
(1) double displacement reaction and precipitation
(2) displacement reaction and precipitation reaction
(3) decomposition reaction and precipitation reaction
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(4) combination reaction and precipitation reaction.

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 Topic – Chemical Reactions and Equations
15. When calcium oxide is added to water, whihc of the follwoing observation is/are
correct?
(1) the reaction is highly exothermic
(2) the milk of lime is formed which is used for white washing.
(3) On filtration, lime is formed whihch is used for white washing.
(4) all of these.
16. We will observe white ppt. in which of the following reactions?
(1) Barium chloride is mixed with sodium sulphate solution
(2) Barium chloride is mixed with sodium chloride solution
(3) Barium carbonate is mixed with sodium sulphate solution
(4) Barium chloride is mixed with hydrochloric acid.
17. When solid ferrous sulphate is heated in a test tube, the correct observation
during the reaction is
(1) A brown residue is formed, colourless pungent smelling gases which causes
breathing problems and suffocation are evolved.
(2) A brown residue is formed, colourless, odourless gases are evolved.
(3) A brown residue is formed, no gas is evolved.
(4) a colourless residue is formed, colourless pungent smelling gases are evolved.
18. On adding zinc granules to freshly prepared ferrous sulphate solutin, a student
observes that:

(1) a dull brown coating is formed (2) a black coating is formed

(3) a grayish coating is formed (4) no coating is formed
19. A student takes Cu, Al, Fe and Zn strips, separately in four test tube labelled as I,
II, III and IV respectively. He addes 10 mL of freshly prepared ferrous sulphate
solution to each test tube and observes the colour of the metal residue in each
case.

He would observe a black residue in the test tubes:

(1) (I) and (II) (2) (I) and (III) (3) (II) and (III) (4) (II) and (IV)
20. A piece of granulated zinc was dropped into copper sulphate solution. After some
time, the colour of the solution changed from
(1) light green to blue (2) blue to colourless
11

(3) light green to colourless (4) blue to yello

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 Topic – Chemical Reactions and Equations
21. Aqueous solutions of zinc sulphate and iron sulphate were taken in test tubes I and
II by four students A, B, C and D. Metal pieces of iron and zinc were dropped in the
two solutions and observations made after several hours and recorded in the form
of a table as given below
Observation Metal Solution Colour change of Deposit/Residue
by solution obtained
Fe ZnSO 4 Turned green Silvery grey coating
A
Zn FeSO 4 No change No change
B Fe ZnSO 4 No change Black residue
Zn FeSO 4 Colour faded Grey coating
C Fe ZnSO 4 No change No change
Zn FeSO 4 Turned colourless Black residue
D Fe ZnSO 4 No change Grey residue
Zn FeSO 4 No change Black residue
The correct reporting has been made in observations reported by the student
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
22. When an aluminium strip is kept immersed in freshly prepared ferrous sulphate
solution taken in a test tube, the change which is observed is
(1) the green solution slowly turns brown
(2) bubbles start appearing at the interface of the aluminium strip and the solution
(3) a colourless gas with smell of burning sulphur is observed
(4) light green colour of the solution fades out
23. Four students A, B, C and D noted the initial colour of the solutions in beakers I, II,
III and IV. After inserting zinc rods in each solutin and leaving it undisturbed for
two hours, noted the colour of each solutin again.

They recorded their observations in the form of table given below:

Student Colour the I II III IV
solution
A Initial Colourless Colourless Light Blue
Final Colourless Colourless green Colourless
B Initial Colourless Light yellow Colourless Blue
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Final Colourless Colourless Light Colourless

C Initial Colourless Colourless green Blue
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 Topic – Chemical Reactions and Equations
Final Light blue Colourless Light Light blue
D Initial Light Colourless green Blue
Final green Colourless Light colourless
Colourless green
Colourless
Light
green
Dark green
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
24. Iron filings were added to a solution of copper sulphate. After 10 minutes, it was
observed that the blue colour of the soltuion changes and a layer gets deposited on
iron filings. The colour of the solution and that of the coating would, respectively,
be
(1) Yellow and green (2) Brown and blue
(3) Red & greenish-blue (4) Green & reddish-brown
25. Some crystals of copper sulphate were dissolved in water. The colour of the
solution obtained would be:
(1) green (2) red (3) blue (4) brown
26. Solutions of ferrous sulphate, zinc sulphate, copper sulphate and aluminium sulphate
were separately takne in four test tubes and some iron nails were placed in each of
the solutions. After few minutes, it would be observed that the colour of
(1) all the four solutions changed
(2) solutions of zinc sulphate, copper sulphate and aluminium sulphahte changed and
that of ferrous sulphate did not change
(3) solutins of zinc sulphate and aluminium sulphate only changed
(4) copper sulphate solution only changed.
27. When an iron nail, rubbed with sand paper, is dipped in copper sulphate solution, we
observe that copper gets deposited
(1) first on the lower part of the nail and proceeds to the upper part.
(2) first on the upper part of the nail and proceeds to the lower part.
(3) on the entire surface of the nail. (4) on the nail in small patches.
28. When you place an iron strip in the solution of copper sulphate, the time required
for the colour of the solution to change from blue to green is about
(1) a second (2) an hour (3) 8 hours (4) 24 hours
29. 100 ml of saturated copper sulphate solution was taken in a beaker. A small amount
of iron filings was added to the beaker and left undisturbed overnight. The mixture
was then filtered to obtain the residue. The colour of the residue was found to be
(1) greenish blue (2) faint green (3) steel grey (4) reddish brown
30. A strip of copper was placed in a beaker containing zinc sulphate solution. On
observing the strip the next day, it was noticed that
13

(1) the copper strip remained as it was (2) the copper strip became thinner
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(3) the copper strip became thicker (4) the colour of the strip changed.
 Topic – Chemical Reactions and Equations
31. To show that zinc is more reactive than copper, the correct procedure is to
(1) prepare copper sulphate solution and dip zinc strip in it
(2) prepare zinc sulphate solution and dip copper in it.
(3) heat zinc and copper strips (4) add dilute nitric acid on both the strips.
32. Which method is used to find out the relative reactivities of metals?
(1) Deduction method (2) Oxidation method
(3) displacement reaction method (4) None of these
33. Aluminium displaces copper from blue coloured copper sulphate solutin. Which metal
is more reactive?
(1) Aluminium (2) Copper (3) Cannot be predicted (4) None of these
34. A copper sulphate solution is added to a test tube containing a cleaned iron nail. The
correct description regarding the deposition of copper on the iron nail would be
that it starts depositing
(1) at the tip of the nail (2) from the head of the nail
(3) in the middle of the nail (4) anywhere on the nail
35. A student added zinc granules to copper sulphate solutin taken in a test tube. Out
of the following, the correct observation(s) made by the student will be:
i. Zinc granules have no regular shape.
ii. Zinc granules have silvery grey colour.
iii. The colour of zinc granules changed to brownish black.
37.(1)
A copper
(i) onlysulphate solution
(2)is(ii)
added
only to a test (3)
tube containing
(iii) only (4)a (i),
cleaned iron
(ii) and nail. The
(iii)
correct description regarding the depositon of copper on the iron nail would be that
it starts depositing
(1) at the tip of the nail (2) from the head of the nail
(3) in the middle of the nail (4) anywhere on the nail.

36. Four strips A, B, C and D are given. Their colours are reddish brown, dark grey,
blackish grey and silvery white respectively. Which of these could be made up of
aluminium?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
38. Four test tubes containing solutions (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) are green, yellow, blue and
colourless respectively. Zinc sulphate is contained in:
(1) (i) (2) (ii) (3) (iii) (4) (iv)
39. Zinc granules are placed in each of the four solutions A, B, C and D as shown in the
figures. The colourisation would be observed in:
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 Topic – Chemical Reactions and Equations
(1) (i) and (ii) (2) (iii) and (iv) (3) (i) and (iii) (4) (ii) and (iv)
40. What happens in the test tube shown here?

(1) The solution becomes green and iron metal gets deposited.
(2) The solution becomes colourless and iron metal gets deposited.
(3) No reaction takes place because Fe is more reactive than Zn.
(4) No reactions takes place because Fe is less reactive than Zn.
41. Which of the following is correct conclusion?

(1) Al is more reactive than Zn, Cu, Fe (2) Al is more reactive than Zn and Cu but
less reactive than Fe. (3) Al is more reactive than Cu but less reactive than Zn and
Fe (4) Al is more reactive than Cu and Fe but less reactive than Zn.
42. What happens when copper is added to zinc sulphate solution?
(1) No reaction takes place as copper is less reactive than zinc
(2) The solutin becomes colourless and Zn metal gets deposited.
(3) The solution remains blue and Zn metla gets deposited
(4) No reaction takes place because copper is more reactive than Zn.
43. If reaction takes place in all three test tubes given above, arrange Fe, Zn, Al and Cu
in increasing order of reactivity.

(1) Cu < Fe < Zn < Al (2) Fe < Cu < Zn < Al (3) Cu < Fe < Al < Zn (4) Al < Zn < Fe < Cu
44. On adding acetic acid to solid sodium hydrogen carbonate, a student observes the
liberation of a:
(1) greenish yellow gas with a pungent smell.
(2) colourless and odourless gas (3) yellow coloured, odourless gas
(4) colourless gas with smell of rottne eggs.
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45. Four students observed the colour and odour of acetic acid and its reaction with
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sodium hydrogen carbonate. They tabulated their observations as given below:

 Topic – Chemical Reactions and Equations
Students Colour of acetic Odour of acetic Action with sodium
acid acid hydrogen carbonate
A Blue Fruity Gas evolves without
B Colourless Smell of vineger bubbles
C Light green Odourless Effervescence
D Light brown Rotten egg Gas evolves without
bubbles
effervescence
The correct set of observation is that of student:
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
46. The odour of ethanoic acid resembles with
(1) tomato juice (2) kerosene (3) orange juice (4) vinegar
47. 5 mL of dilute acetic acid were added to 5 mL of water and the mixture was shaken
for one minute. It was observed that
(1) the turbidity appeared in teh test tube
(2) the acid formed a separate layer at the bottom
(3) water formed a separate layer at the bottom (4) a clear solution was formed
48. 2 mL of acetic acid was added in drops to 5 mL of water and it was noticed that
(1) the acid formed a separate layer on the top of water
(2) water formed a separate layer on the top of the acid
(3) a clear and homogeneous solution was fomred
(4) a pink and clear solution was formed
49. Ethanoic acid was added to sodium bicarbonate solution and the gas evolved was
tested with a burning splinter. The folloiwng four observations were reported:
a) The gas burns with the pop sound and the flame gets extinguished.
b) The gas does not burn but the splinter burns with a pop sound.
c) The flame extinguishes and the gas does not burn.
d) The gas burns with a blue flame and the splinter burns brightly.
The correct observation is reported in
(1) (a) (2) (b) (3) (c) (4) (d)
50. When the stopper of a bottle containing a colourless liquid was removed, the bottle
gave out a smell like of vingear. The liquid in the botttle could be:
(1) hydrochloric acid solution (2) sodium hydroxide solution
(3) acetic acid (4) saturated sodium bicarbonate solution
51. Sodium bicarbonate solution is added to dilute ethanoic acid. It is observed that
(1) A gas evolves (2) A solid settles at the bottom
(3) The mixture becomes warm (4) The colour of the mixture becomes light yellow.
52. The odour of acetic acid resembles that of
(1) Rose (2) Burning plastic (3) Vinegar (4) Kerosene
53. When sodium bicarbonate powder is added to actic acid, a gas evolves. Whihc one of
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the following statements is not true for this gas?

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(1) It urns lime water milky (2) It extinguishes a burning splinter

 Topic – Chemical Reactions and Equations
(3) It dissolves in a solution of sodium hydroxide
(4) It turns acidified potassium dichromate solution green.
54. Most of the organic compounds are flammable in nature. The correct safety symbol
that is normally labelled on the bottles of such compounds is shown in figure

(1) (I) (2) (II) (3) (III) (4) (IV)

55. Amount of 5 mL each of acetic acid and water are mixed together and shaken well.

The resulting mixture would appear as in

(1) (I) (2) (II) (3) (III) (4) (IV)
56. A student added acetic acid to test tubes I, II, III and IV and then introduced a
burning candle near the mouth of each test tube.

The candle would not be extinguished near the mouths of test tubes
(1) I and II (2) II and III (3) III and IV (4) I and IV
57. On addikng sodium bicarbonate to acetic acid, you immediately
(1) observe strong effervescence (2) hear hissing sound.
(3) get pungent smell. (4) notice formation of
bubbles.
58. A student is asked to add a teaspoon full of solid sodium bicarbonate to a test tube
contaning approximately 3 mL of acetic acid. He observed that the solid sodium
bicarbonate
(1) floats on the surface of acetic acid (2) remains suspended in the acetic acid
(3) settles down in the test tube
(4) reacts with acetic acid and a clear solution is obtained.
59. If we put blue litmus inot acetic acid solution,
(1) It changes to red (2) It remains blue
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(3) It gets decoloured (4) It becomes green

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