Design Basis for Civil and Structural Feed Pipeline Development

Company/user name: Consultant name: Contractor name:
FEED PIPELINE DEVELOPMENT

DOCUMENT NO. Rev DESIGN BASIS FOR CIVIL AND
Page 1 of 31
TEL-SRPD-EGD-CIV-001 B STRUCTURAL
PT. TANJUNG ENIM LESTARI PULP & PAPER

(TEL)
DESIGN BASIS FOR CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL

FEED GAS PIPELINE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
B Issued For Approval 24-July-2018 MLF MFP DDW

A Issued For Review 22-June-2018 FDN MFP DDW
BY CHKD APVD APVD APVD
Rev. DESCRIPTION DATE
SENA PR TEL

Page 2 of 31
REVISION HISTORICAL SHEET
Rev. Date Description

A 22-June-2018 Issued For Review
B 24-July-2018 Issued For Approval

Page 3 of 31
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 6

2.0 OBJECTIVE ....................................................................................................................... 7
3.0 REFERENCE DOCUMENT ............................................................................................... 7
3.1. Codes, Standards, Regulations and Design Guide ............................................................ 7
3.2. Conflicting Requirements ................................................................................................... 8
4.0 definition and abbreviation ................................................................................................. 9
4.1. Definition ............................................................................................................................ 9
4.2. Abbreviation ....................................................................................................................... 9
5.0 UNITS OF MEASUREMENT ............................................................................................. 9
6.0 DESIGN DATA ................................................................................................................. 10
6.1. Environmental Conditions ................................................................................................ 10
7.0 MATERIAL ....................................................................................................................... 10
7.1. General ............................................................................................................................ 10
7.2. Concrete ........................................................................................................................... 10
7.3. Reinforced Steel Bars ...................................................................................................... 10
7.4. Cement ............................................................................................................................. 11
7.5. Admixture ......................................................................................................................... 12
7.6. Aggregate ......................................................................................................................... 12
7.7. Water................................................................................................................................ 12
7.8. Structural Steel ................................................................................................................. 12
7.9. Connection Bolt for Structural Steel ................................................................................. 12
7.10. Welds ............................................................................................................................ 13
7.11. Anchor Bolt ................................................................................................................... 13
7.12. Steel Grating and Checkered Plate .............................................................................. 14
7.13. Steel Painting ............................................................................................................... 14
7.14. Grouting ........................................................................................................................ 15

Page 4 of 31
7.15. Water Stop .................................................................................................................... 15

7.16. Water Proofing .............................................................................................................. 15
7.17. Formwork ...................................................................................................................... 15
8.0 DESIGN LOAD ................................................................................................................. 15
8.1. General ............................................................................................................................ 15
8.2. Dead Load ( D ) ................................................................................................................ 15
8.3. Live Load ( L ) .................................................................................................................. 16
8.4. Process Load ................................................................................................................... 17
8.5. Dynamic Load (J) ............................................................................................................. 17
8.6. Vehicle Load (Vh) ............................................................................................................. 17
8.7. Ground Load .................................................................................................................... 17
8.8. Equipment Load ............................................................................................................... 18
8.9. Piping Load ...................................................................................................................... 18
8.10. Wind Load .................................................................................................................... 18
8.11. Impact Load .................................................................................................................. 20
8.12. Seismic Load ................................................................................................................ 20
8.13. Thermal Force ( Friction Force ) ................................................................................... 25
8.14. Ground Water Pressure ................................................................................................ 25
8.15. Soil Pressure ................................................................................................................ 26
8.16. Load Combination ........................................................................................................ 26
9.0 MAXIMUM PEMISSIBLE DEFLECTION .......................................................................... 28
10.0 FOUNDATION STABILITY .............................................................................................. 29
10.1. Shallow Foundation ...................................................................................................... 29
11.0 ALLOWABLE SOIL BEARING AND PILE CAPACITY ..................................................... 30
12.0 ROAD AND PAVEMENT ................................................................................................. 30
12.1. Type of Paving .............................................................................................................. 30
12.2. Paving Slope ................................................................................................................ 30
12.3. Design Calculation ........................................................................................................ 30

Page 5 of 31
13.0 DRAINAGE ...................................................................................................................... 30

13.1. Design Basis ................................................................................................................. 30

DOCUMENT NO. Rev DESIGN BASIS FOR CIVIL &
Page 6 of 31
1.0 INTRODUCTION
PT. Tanjung Enim Lestari (TeL), is long last known established since 1990 as a Foreign
Investment Company (PMA)-Marubeni Corporation, Japan and became the National Vital
Objects Industrial sector (OVNI) declared by the Minister of Industry in 2014. TeL is also
well known as a world class manufacturer of high product quality and environmental friendly
market pulp mill. Currently TeL was expanding its pulp production base from Acacia
Mangium Wood. Regarding to its expansion of production plant, TeL required more supply
of gas fuel for Kiln Process and concerned to build its own new gas facility. The plant is
located in Muara Enim, South Sumatra and has marketed pulp both domestic and
international market with total design production capacity of 490,000 Adt/year. The new gas
facility will be provided to support and maintain the supply of dry gas as a fuel Kiln burner
at the existing Mill Plant of Tanjung Enim Lestari Pulp Pre-Production. The gas will flow by
rate 6 MMSCFD where 3 MMSCFD will take as a future flowrate. The gas also will be taken
from the existing gas pipeline facility. As planned, the tapping will be derived from Pertagas
Existing pipeline. Gas will be transported by +10 km pipeline before entering the next station
(Metering/Regulating Station) which is located close to the Existing Mill Plant at TEL.
Block Diagram for the new pipeline and facility can be seen as below.
The overall facility includes One Metering Station, Pipeline and One Metering/Regulating
Station. Also, the facility scope of work includes of civil works, supply of main and supporting
material.

Page 7 of 31
The map of gas transportation can be seen as below:
2.0 OBJECTIVE
The objective of this document is to provide basis data, assumption, and operating
parameter to be used for engineering design of minimum requirement for civil and structural
B engineering applicable for Pipeline Development of Tanjung Enim Lestari.
3.0 REFERENCE DOCUMENT

3.1. Codes, Standards, Regulations and Design Guide
Standar Nasional Indonesia
SNI 03-2847-2013 Tata Cara Perhitungan Struktur Beton Untuk Bangunan Gedung
SNI 03-1726-2012 Standard Perencanaan Ketahanan Gempa Untuk Struktur Bangunan
Gedung
SNI 03-1729-2002 Tata Cara Perencanaan Struktur Baja Untuk Bangunan Gedung
SNI 127 : 2013 Beban Minimum untuk Perancangan Bangunan Gedung dan lainnya
SNI 15-2049-2004 Semen Portland
SNI 07-2052-2002 Baja Tulangan Beton
American Concrete Institute
ACI 318-2008 Building Code Requirement for Structural Concrete
American Institute of Steel Construction
AISC ASD 9th ASD Manual for Steel Construction
American Society for Testing And Materials
ASTM A36 Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel

Page 8 of 31
ASTM A53 Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Dipped Zinc Coated,
Welded and Seamless
ASTM A185 Standard Specification for Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement Plain for
Concrete
ASTM A307 Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs 60.000 psi
Tensile Strength
ASTM A325 Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated,
120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
ASTM A563-07a Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
ASTM A615 Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon Steel Bars for
Concrete Reinforcement
ASTM C33 Standard Specification for Concrete aggregate
ASTM C39 Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical
Concrete Specimens
ASTM C150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement
ASTM 494 Standard Specification for Chemical Admixture for Concrete
ASTM C1218 Standard Test Method for Water-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and
Concrete
Japan Industrial Standards
JIS B 1185 High Strength Bolt
JIS G 3101 Structural Steel
B
JIS G 3112.87 Reinforce Steel Bar
American Society of Civil Engineers
ASCE 7-10 Minimum Design Load for Building and Other Structure
International Building Code
IBC 2009 International Building Code
3.2. Conflicting Requirements
In the event of any conflict between this specification and any requirements of statutory and
safety regulation, codes, standards, and other documents, the most stringent shall prevail.
B The order of priority of document shall be as follows:
1. Indonesian Codes and Regulations.
2. Technical Requisition and its attachments.
3. This specification
4. Other project specifications.
5. International Codes and Standards.
All apparent conflicts shall be reported to the COMPANY in writing for resolution.

Page 9 of 31
4.0 DEFINITION AND ABBREVIATION

4.1. Definition
COMPANY : PT. Tanjung Enim Lestari
As the project developer and ultimate owner of the Facility
CONSULTANT : PT. Petroraya Consulting
The party which places on behalf of the COMPANY
CONTRACTOR : PT. Solusi Energi Nusantara
The company on which the order or contract for supply of the
services is placed
4.2. Abbreviation
SNI Standar Nasional Indonesia
ACI American Concrete Institute
AISC American Institute of Steel Construction
ASTM American Society for Testing And Materials
JIS Japan Industrial Standards
ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers
IBC International Building Code
AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
5.0 UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
Table 5.1 Unit of Measurement

Unit
Parameter Unit
Abbreviation
B square feet ft2
Area
Square meter m2
feet ft
inch in
Length Kilo meter km
meter m
milimeter mm
Cubic feet ft3
Volume
Cubic meter m3
pound lb
Mass
Kilo gram kg

Page 10 of 31
6.0 DESIGN DATA

6.1. Environmental Conditions
Since the data is not available yet, the environmental data which is used for this analysis is
assumed as below:
Wind velocity : 90 km/hour.
7.0 MATERIAL
7.1. General
Material to meet the requirements of the codes and standard as listed in this chapter or
equivalent shall be used. As for the materials other then specified below, locally available
materials may be used upon condition that they are suitable for their specific use to quality
and quantity.
7.2. Concrete
Compressive strengths of concrete at 28 days monitored by cylinder specimen test, shall be as
follow unless otherwise specified :
Table 7.1 Classification of Concrete Grade
Min Compressive Strength
Application
28 Days of Cylinder Specimen
Major foundation such as : Equipment Foundation,
F’c : 34,48 Mpa ( 350 kg/cm2) building structure and foundation, culvert, and
anchor block.
B Structural concrete, pavement, pipe support
foundation, pipe sleeper, manhole, catch basin,
pit, cable trench, ditch, lighting, pole foundation, ell
F’c : 27.60 Mpa ( 300 kg/cm2) junction box/ panels box and stanchion support, ell
duct bank and encasement, fence and gate
foundation, foot step, walkway, concrete
pavement.
F’c : 13,39 Mpa ( 136 kg/cm2) Lean concrete
7.3. Reinforced Steel Bars

a. Deformed bar type shall be used for structural main bars, conform to ASTM A615 grade 60,
or equal to SNI-07-2052-2002 BJTD 40 with min yield strength 400 Mpa.
Table 7.2 Dimension of deformed bar ( SNI 07-2052, BJTD 40 )
Bar Diameter Weight Cross Sectional
Symbol Remarks
( mm ) ( kg/m) ( cm2 )

Page 11 of 31
D10 10 0.62 ± 6 % 0.785 Length : 12 m

D 13 13 1.04 ± 6 % 1.327 Length : 12 m
D 16 16 1.58 ± 5 % 2.011 Length : 12 m
D 19 19 2.23 ± 5 % 2.835 Length : 12 m
D 22 22 2.98 ± 5 % 3.801 Length : 12 m
D 25 25 3.85 ± 5 % 4.909 Length : 12 m
D 29 29 5.18 ± 4 % 6.605 Length : 12 m
D 32 32 6.31 ± 4 % 8.042 Length : 12 m
b. Plain bar type shall be used for stirrups and non structural bars, conform to ASTM A615
grade 40, or equal to SNI-07-2052-2002 BJTP 24 with min yield strength 240 Mpa.
Table 7.3 Dimension of plain bars (SNI : 07-2052, BJTP 24)
Bar Diameter Weight Cross Sectional
Symbol 2 Remarks
( mm ) ( kg/m ) ( cm2 )
Ø6 6 0.220 ± 7 % 0.283 Length : 12 m
Ø8 8 0.393 ± 7 % 0.500 Length : 12 m
Ø 10 10 0.617 ± 6 % 0.785 Length : 12 m
Ø 12 12 0.888 ± 6 % 1.131 Length : 12 m
c. Steel wire
Table 7.4 Dimension of wire fabric reinforcement ( ASTM A185 )
Main Wire Cross Wire Unit
No Diameter Spacing Area Diameter Spacing Area Weight
(mm) (mm) (cm2/m) (mm) (mm) (cm2/m) (kg/m)
M4 4 150 0.84 4 150 0.84 1.32
M5 5 150 1.31 5 150 1.31 2.06
M6 6 150 1.88 6 150 1.88 2.96
M8 8 150 3.35 8 150 3.35 5.44
7.4. Cement
Cement shall conform to SNI 15-2049- 2004, ASTM C150, or equivalent:
a. Type I (ordinary Portland cement) for upperstructure (above ground) or substructure
B

Page 12 of 31
(below ground) when sulfate resistance or head hydration is not desired.

b. Type V, sulphate resistance cement for foundation and underground structure when
sulphate is desired.
7.5. Admixture
Admixture shall not contain calcium chloride and nitrates and shall be added to the concrete mix
in the manner recommended by manufacturer. Additive shall conform to ASTM C494. Air-
Entraining admixture stipulated in ACI 301 clause 4.2.1.4 shall conform to ASTM C260. Any
admixture unless otherwise specified in ACI 301 clause 4.2.1.4 shall not be used without written
permission from Employer.
7.6. Aggregate
Aggregate shall conform to ASTM C33 or equivalent. Fine aggregate shall be clean, not mixed
by flake, alkali, organic matter, clay or other harmful material. Coarse aggregate shall be clean
crushed stone.
7.7. Water
Water for concrete mix shall be in accordance with ASTM C94 or equivalent.
7.8. Structural Steel
a. Structural steel shall conform to SNI 03-1729-2002 or ASTM A36 or JIS G3101-SS400 or
other equivalent code, with minimum yield strength is 2400 kg/cm2.
b. Steel pipe shall conform to ASTM A 53 grade B or JIS G 3444 STK 41, with minimum
yield strength is 2400 kg/cm2.
c. All steel material shall be new material and top quality.
7.9. Connection Bolt for Structural Steel
All Connection bolt shall be hot dip galvanized and its mechanical properties is determined
as stated below:
B
a. High strength bolt for main frame shall conform to ASTM A325, where:
- Minimum yield strength : 6350 kg/cm2
- Minimum tensile strength : 8250 kg/cm2
- Minimum shear stress : 1195 kg/cm2
b. Common bolts are used to non structural member shall conform to ASTM A 307 Grade A,
where :
- Minimum yield strength : 2400 kg/cm2
- Minimum tensile strength : 4200 kg/cm2
- Minimum shear stress : 700 kg/cm2
c. Nuts and Washer shall be conform to ASTM A563 and ASTM F436

Page 13 of 31
7.10. Welds
Base material shall conform to ASTM A36. Pipe material that used to structural shall conform to
ASTM A53 Grade B. Material of Welding electrode shall conform to AWS A5.1 Table 2. E70xx
or equivalent, which tensile strength is 70 ksi or equal to 4920 kg/cm2. Allowable stress of
welding material refers to AWS D1.1 table 2.3, as follow s :
a. Complete-penetration groove welds
Allowable stress for shear on effective area is 1476 kg/cm2
Other than above is same as base metal
b. Fillet welds
Allowable stress for shear on effective area is 1476 kg/cm2
Other than above is same as base metal
7.11. Anchor Bolt
Material of Anchor bolts shall be in accordance with ASTM F1554 Grade 36, with a minimum
tensile strength is 4000 kg/cm2.
Description:
L = length t = plate thickness
D1= diameter B = embedment
S1 = top thread A = bottom of bolt
S2 = bottom thread
Note:
1) No corrosion allowance is considered in the allowable tensile force based on AISC.
2) Projection of Anchor Bolt = A + thickness of base plate.

Page 14 of 31
Table 7.7 Allowable loads of anchor bolts

Dimension of Anchor Bolt (mm) Allowable Force (Ton)
Nominal Size
Tension Shear
(mm) D1 S1 A B (Min.) L
(Ta) (Va)
M 12 12 45 41 230 330 1.62 1.08
M 16 16 55 50 280 400 2.89 1.93
M 20 20 70 62 320 480 4.52 3.01
M 22 22 75 67 370 570 5.47 3.64
M 24 25 85 75 420 700 6.51 4.34
M 30 30 105 89 510 820 8.93 6.78
M 36 36 120 106 600 1010 10.50 9.77
M 42 42 135 121 690 1120 12.62 13.30
M 48 48 155 135 780 1300 19.63 17.37
M 56 56 175 156 870 1410 21.21 23.63
M 64 64 195 172 970 1530 27.07 30.11
M 75 75 215 194 1150 1770 37.56 41.84
Note :
The above allowable forces are based on strength of anchor bolt (conform to ASTM A36) and
minimum compressive strength of concrete of 210 kg/cm2 (20.6 MPa) using higher
compressive strength of concrete will increase the safety factor.
For special case of anchor bolt allowable force calculation shall refer to ACI 318 section D, for
development length for deform bar shall refer to ACI 318 section 12.2
7.12. Steel Grating and Checkered Plate
Material of grating shall conform to JIS G3101-SS400 or equivalent and shall be hot dip
galvanized finish type. The bearing bars shall use FB 30x3 at 30 mm pitch. The cross bar shall
use twisted 6 mm square bar at 100 mm pitch. For the stairs treads shall be standard type open
grating or checker plate with non-slip nosing and galvanized.
Checkered plate material shall conform to JIS G3101-SS400 or equivalent. The thickness shall
use 4.5 mm minimum. Removable cover for manhole and cable duct shall be checkered plate.
7.13. Steel Painting
Steel structural painting works shall conform to Specification for Painting, doc number TEL-
SPRD-EGD-ME-007.

Page 15 of 31
7.14. Grouting
Grout shall be used for supporting structures and equipment on foundations. Grout to be used
for equipment shall be used non shrinking grout.
B Non Shrinking Grout shall be cement based in pre-packaged containers. Metallic fillers or
calcium chloride additives shall not be used. Minimum compressive strength of grout at 7 days
shall be 60 MPa. Expansion characteristic at 3 days is less than 0.2% maximum initial set 5
hours and final set 6 hours and thickness is 25 mm.
7.15. Water Stop
Water stop shall be made from plastic base consisting of resin polyvinyl chloride ( PVC ) with
additional resin, plasticizers and stabilizer as necessary to produce a durable material with a
high fatigue point, resistant to acid, chloride and sulphate compounds.
7.16. Water Proofing
Water proofing material may use PVC water proofing membrane of geotextile materials with felt
bearing surface or any equivalent such system. The material used shall be impermeable to water
and impervious to degradation of environmental condition for design life or concrete Structure.
7.17. Formwork
Formwork shall be constructed from suitable rigid materials that leave a surface finish of a
geometry and appearance that complies with the requirements of the design. Permanent form
ties shall be non-corrodible.
Formwork shutter release agents applied to formwork shall not degrade the appearance or
integrity of the concrete finish.
8.0 DESIGN LOAD

8.1. General
The pipeline and its supporting structures, foundations and all other structural elements shall
be designed in accordance with ASCE 7-10. For the assessment of loads, the density of
materials shall be based on actual measurements made on samples from the same source
as will be used for construction.
8.2. Dead Load ( D )
Dead load means the weight of all parts of a permanent structure, including any additional load,
machinery, and equipment that are an integral part of the structure. The amount of dead load of
construction materials as follow :

Page 16 of 31
Table 8.1 Dead Load

No Category Dead Load
1 Reinforced concrete 2400 kg/m3

2 Leveling concrete 2200 kg/m3
3 Structural steel 7850 kg/m3
4 Soil above water level * 1700 kg/m3
5 Hollow concrete block wall/ masonry wall with plaster 250 kg/m2
6 Mortar cement/ concrete 2000 kg/m3
7 Dry sand 1600 kg/m3
8 Wet sand 1800 kg/m3
9 Split stone 1500 kg/m3
10 Timber ( class 1 ) 1000 kg/m3
11 Ceramic floor ( with 30 mm mortar ) 135 kg/m2
8.3. Live Load ( L )

The design of structural elements and appurtenances such as walkways, access platforms,
roofs, etc., shall be based on internationally recognised codes and standards. Minimum live
load shall be as below:
a. Live load for Equipment Supporting Structure and warehouse.
Specific design requirement for buildings and structures shall be in accordance with SNI
127 : 2013 .
Table 8.2 Live Load
(Reference: ASCE 7-10)
Live Load
Category
(kg/m2)
Access platform, walkways and stair 250
Operating floors 400
Maintenance floors 400
Platform on vessel 375
Floor of roof 100
Floor of office, dormitory 250
Floor of meeting room, auditorium 500
Roof truss 100 / joint

Page 17 of 31
Live Load other than the above mentioned shall refer to ASCE 7-10.
b. Live load for handrail shall be 30 kg/m’ (or point load of 90 kg at any point) along the top
applied in any direction.
c. Reduction of Live Load (L*)
Reduction of Live Load may be made in accordance with ANSI/ASCE 7- 10 Section 4.7.
8.4. Process Load
The design of underground structures, foundations and such like elements shall be designed
taking into full account the process loads involved, including fluid loads during operation and
hydro testing, vibration loads, surge vibration loads (lateral inertia caused by the surging action)
B
and other loads generated by the Plant and fluids handled.
There are two condition where the load design is taken for this analysis, as describe below:
1. The operating load, is the load imposed during the normal operating condition. It is the
selfweight of equipment/ piping plus the weight of fluids and solids within the equipment.
2. The testing loads, is the load imposed during hydrostatic testing. It is the the selfweight of
equipment/ piping plus the weight of water inside. The testing loads need be considered
for future maintenance even if equipment is hydrostatically tested only at vendor shop.
But consideration need not be taken that all of the equipment on the same structure is
tested at the same test.
8.5. Dynamic Load (J)
Foundations supporting large rotating equipment such as compressors and blowers, etc., shall
be designed to safely withstand static loads plus dynamic loads. Large rotating equipment is
B defined as reciprocating equipment or machinery, centrifugal compressors, turbines, fans,
pumps, etc. and their drivers over 500 HP. Dynamic loads shall be in accordance with the data
issued from manufacturer.
8.6. Vehicle Load (Vh)
Vehicle load standards for the design of road pavement design conform to AASHTO 1983
Chapter 6.3 , as follows:
a. MST (Toughest axis load) for single-axis = 8 tons
b. MST ( Toughest axis load) for the dual axis = 15 tons
c. MST (Toughest axis load) for the triple-axis = 20 tons
Note that these provisions apply to the operation of vehicles (on highway vehicle).
8.7. Ground Load
The design shall accommodate the loads imposed on underground support structures and
foundations by earth, rock and water pressure and the degree to which these vary with location.
Structures and foundations subject to the jurisdiction of local authorities shall also be evaluated
using geotechnical parameters specified by local building codes and the safest result adopted.

Page 18 of 31
The minimum and maximum characteristic values for existing soil materials and for backfill shall
be identified and the most unfavourable values for the structural element under consideration
shall be used. Erosion shall be taken into account. On land, appropriate surcharge loads from
overburden shall be taken into account.
8.8. Equipment Load
Equipment load means the weight of equipment and its appurtenances and contents, and shall
be classified into the following three cases depending on their conditions. Loads by machinery
shall be included in this equipment loads.
8.9. Piping Load
Piping load means the weight of pipe considering thickness deviation, fittings, valves, coating,
insulation and the fluid contents of piping and shall be classified into the following three cases
depending on their conditions.
8.10. Wind Load
Wind load shall be calculated in accordance with the formula as given in ASCE 7-10 and UBC -
97. For wind load design calculation shall refers to ASCE 7-10 as basic calculation, Other
condition that ASCE 7-10 does not cover can be conformed to UBC -97.
a. Determine risk category of structure
Using table 1.5
b. Determine the basic wind speed for the applicable risk category
Using Figure 26.5
For this analysis, wind speed is taken 25 m/s or 90 km/h..
.
c. Determine wind load parameters :
- Wind directional ( Kd )
Using table 26.6
- Exposure category ( C )
Using Section 26.7
- Topographic factor ( Kzt )
Using Figure 26.8
- Gust effect factor ( G )
Using Section 26.9
- Enclosure classification
Using Section 26.10
- Internal pressure coefficient ( GCpi )
Using Section 26.11 and Table 26.11
d. Determine Velocity Pressure ( qz )
qz = 0.613 Kz Kzt Kd (V)2 (N/m2) … (Eq. 27.3-1) ASCE 7-10
Where:
Kz : Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient

Page 19 of 31
Section 27.3-1, ASCE 7-10

e. Determine External pressure coefficient ( Cp or Cn )
f. Calculate Wind Pressure ( p )
p = qGCp – qi ( GCpi ) ....................( Eq. 27.4-1) ASCE 7-10
g. Pressure Coefficient "C"
The pressure coefficient for buildings and structure shall be based on the requirements of
ANSI/ASCE 7-10 except for the following:
- Vertical Cylindrical Structure. For vertical cylinder structure, the wind pressure
coefficient shall be 0.7.
- Open Multiple Frame Structure. For open multiple frame structure shall be 2.0, and
the projected net area of a first windward frame shall be considered in determining
wind force.
- Pipe-ways. For pipe-ways, the wind pressure coefficient shall be 0.7, and the largest
pipe diameter (including insulation) shall be considered in determining wind force.
For other condition that ASCE 7-10 does not cover. Wind load calculation according
to UBC-97 obtained from:
P  Ce .Cq .qs .I w
Where :
p : Wind pressure load (kg/m2)
Ce : Gust factor coefficient , base on the height and connection
structure.
1,39 for height < 4,5 m
1,45 for height 4,5 to 6 m
C q : Pressure coefficient = 0,7
q s : Wind Stagnant (kg/m2) = 78.5 kg/m2 with basic wind speed
is 80 mph (129 km/hour)
I w : Important factor = 1.15 for all structure
Vertical and horizontal vessels shall be designed to resist wind pressure, which was
calculated as follows:
P  Ce .Cq .qs .C pa I w
Where :
Cq : 0.8
C pa : Projected area coefficient

Page 20 of 31
Table 8.3 Value of Cpa taken from “Pressure Vessel Design Manual”
by Moss. Dennis R. with value of Cpa
Diameter of Vessels ( inch) Cpa
< 34 1.50
36 to 52 1.37
54 to 76 1.28
78 to 100 1.20
> 102 1.18
Wind load that work on vessels can be calculated :

F  P. Af
Where :
P : Wind pressure (kg/m2)
Af : Projected area of vessels or pipe (m2)
Value of Af can be calculated by :
D = Diameter of pipe or vessels
L = Length of pipe or vessels
Large Vessel and Tower on Structure. Lateral force and overturning moment working on
large vessels and towers on structure shall be calculated separately by vessel engineer
8.11. Impact Load
Impact load means forces caused by a moving object such as crane, hoist, elevator or a moving
vehicle. The load shall be increased by percentage as taken in accordance with ASCE 7-10 as
follows:
a. Vertically = 25% of the maximum wheel load.
b. Horizontally, parallel with rail direction = 20% of the maximum wheel load.
c. Horizontally, orthogonal with rail direction = 10% of the maximum wheel load.
Elevator (at foundation) = 100% of max capacity (including self-weight).
8.12. Seismic Load
Seismic load applied for this project shall be calculated in accordance with SNI 1726-2012.
Ground acceleration acting the underground structure due to the earthquake (Dynamic active
soil pressure) shall be calculated in accordance with the formula as given in SNI 2833-2008
equation 23
a. Static Equivalent Calculation Based on SNI 1726-2012
Nominal Static Equivalent For Base Shear Load ( V ), shall be calculated as follow :
𝑉 = 𝐶𝑠. 𝑊

Page 21 of 31
Where,
Cs : Seismic response coefficient
W : Effective seismic weight
Seismic response coefficient, Cs calculated by equations below :
𝑆𝐷𝑆
𝐶𝑠 =
𝑅
( )
𝐼𝑒
𝑆𝐷1
𝐶𝑠1 =
𝑅
𝑇( )
𝐼𝑒
CS2 = 0,044 SDS Ie ≥ 0,01
Cs shall be greater than Cs2 and not less than Cs 1
Spectral acceleration parameter, SDS and SD 1 calculated by equation bellow :
2
𝑆𝐷𝑆 = 3𝑆𝑀𝑆
2
𝑆𝐷1 = 3𝑆𝑀𝑆1
SMS = Fa x Ss
SM1 = Fv x S1

Page 22 of 31
Table 8.4 Occupancy Category
B

Page 23 of 31
Continued
Table 8.4 Seismic Virtue Factor ( Ie )
Table 8.5 Site Coefficient Fa


Page 24 of 31
Table 8.6 Site Coefficient Fv
b. Seismic Calculation Based on UBC 1997

General equation shall be used to seismic load ( base shear design ) refers to UBC-97 is as
follow :
Cv .I
V W
R.T
Not exceed than :
2,5.Ca .I
V W
R
And shall not be less than :
V  0,11.Ca .I .W
In addition, for seismic zone 4, the total base shear shall also not be less than :
0,8.Z .Nv.I
V .W
R
Where :
Cv , Ca : Seismic coefficient base on zone and type of soil.
W : Dead load of structure.
R : Seismic resistance factor for structure
I : Virtue factor = 1,25.
T : Elastic fundamental period of vibration
Where :
T  Ct hn 
3
4
Where :

Page 25 of 31
hn : height above the base to the level i

Ct : Numerical coefficient
: 0.0853 to steel.
: 0.0731 to concrete.
: 0.0488 to other structure.
Table 8.7 Factor to Seismic Zone

Zone 1 2 3 4
Z 0,075 0,15 0,2 0,4
8.13. Thermal Force ( Friction Force )

In design, the horizontal friction force due to thermal expansion of the pipe is assumed to
be friction (Tf). Frictional force (Tf) is considered as a thermal load. The magnitude of the
frictional forces can be determined as follows:
Tf = gravity load pipe x coefficient of friction.
Where Coefficient of friction are:
Steel with steel : 0.30
Steel with concrete : 0.45
Steel with Teflon : 0.10
Teflon with Teflon : 0.08
The coefficient of friction for the slide plate must be recommended by the manufacturer / factory.
8.14. Ground Water Pressure
The pressure exerted by the ground water shall be considered for the structure below the water
level.
WT = V.w
Where :
WT : Ground water pressure
V : Volume of structure below ground water
w : Unit weight of water

Page 26 of 31
8.15. Soil Pressure

The pressure exerted by soil shall be considered when its effect to the foundation design
q

1, C1, Ka1 h1 Pa1
Pa2
2, ’C2, Ka2 h2 Pa3 Pa4

Pa5 Pw
Pa = Pa1 + Pa2 + Pa3 + Pa4 + Pa5 + Pw

Pa = qh1Ka1+ 1/2h12Ka1 + qh2Ka2 + h1h2Ka2 + 1/2’h22Ka2 + 1/2wh22
Where :
Pa : Active soil pressure
 : Unit weight of soil
’ : Effective unit weight of soil ( sat - w )
w : Unit weight of water
Pw : Water pressure
Ka : Active soil pressure coefficient
H : Total thickness of soil
h1 : Thickness of soil above ground water level
h2 : Thickness of soil below ground water level
c : Cohesion factor of soil
 Friction angle of soil
q : Uniform load on soil surface
8.16. Load Combination
All structures shall be designed for the following loading combination whichever produces
greater stresses. It is not necessary to consider combination of load that is obvious to produce
less stress than other combinations of load.

Page 27 of 31
Table 8.12 Combination loads for the design of soil bearing pressure
(Standard taken from AISC 9th Edition ASD Series)
Allowable
Stress
Combination of Load
Increasing
Factor
D + E +.P 1.00
D + E + P + 0.75 W 1.00
D+E+P+L+I+T 1.00
D + E + P + 0.75 L* + T + 0.75 W (or 0.7 V) 1.00
D+E+P+L+I 1.00
D + E + P + 0.75 L + 0.75 W· (or 0.7 V) 1.00
D+E+P+I 1.00
B
D+E+P+J 1.00
Table 8.13 Combination loads for the design of steel structures

(Standard taken from AISC 9th Edition ASD Series)
Allowable Stress
Combination of Load
Increasing Factor
D+E+P 1.00
D+E+P+W 1.33
D+E+P+L+I+T 1.00
D + E + P + L* + T + W (or V) 1.33
D + E + P + 0.75 W 1.33
B D+E+P+L+I 1.00
D+E+P+L+J 1.00
D + E + P + L + W or V 1.33

Page 28 of 31
Table 21. Combination loads for the design of concrete structure

(Standard taken from ACI 318 – 2008 “American Concrete Institute”)
Building Code Requirement for Structural Concrete)
Probability
Combination of Load
Factor
1.4 [D + E + P + SP + WT] 1.00
0.9 [D + E + P] + 1.6 [SP + WT] + 1.6 W 1.00
1.2 [D + E + P + I + T + SP + WT] + 1.6 L 1.00
1.2 [D + E + P + T] + 1.6 [SP + WT + L] 1.00
1.2 [D + E + P + T] + 1.6 W + L 1.00
1.2 [D + E + P + T] + 1.0 V + L 1.00
0.9 [D + E + P + T] + 1.6 [SP + WT] + [1.6 W or V] 1.00
1.2 [D + E + P + SP + WT] + 1.6 L 1.00
1.2 [D + E + P] + 1.6 [SP + WT + L] 1.00
0.9 [D + E + P] + 1.6 [SP + WT] + [1.6 W or V] 1.00
Where:
D : Dead load
L : Live load
E : Equipment Load
- E(E) : Equipment load (Empty)
- E(O) : Equipment load (Operating)
- E(T) : Equipment load (Test Load)
P : Piping Load
B - P(E) : Piping load (Empty)
- P(O) : Piping load (Operating)
- P(T) : Piping load (Test Load)
I : Impact load
J : Dynamic Load
SP : Lateral soil with/without ground water pressure
W : Wind load
V : Earthquake load
T : Thermal load
WT : Uplift due to ground water pressure (buoyancy)
9.0 MAXIMUM PEMISSIBLE DEFLECTION

Maximum permissible deflection of beam shall be as specified in the following.
a. Steel column deflection

Page 29 of 31
Reference: SNI 03-1729-2002

Column with first-orde analysis
For permanent load…………………………H/500
For temporary load………………………….H/200
Column with second orde analysis
For permanent load…………………………H/300
For temporary load………………………….H/200
b. Steel Beam for Building (include steel structure and pipe rack)
Reference: SNI 03-1729-2002, Table 6.4: “Batas Lendutan Maksimum”.
Beam loaded with wall or ductile finishing...........L/360
Ordinary beam……………………………............L/240
c. Concrete Beam for Building
Reference: SNI 03-2847-2013, Table 9: “Lendutan Izin Maksimum”.
Beam loaded with live load only............................L/360
Beam loaded with live load plus dead load..........L/240
d. For Beam Supporting Equipment & Piping
Differential deflection caused by piping load in operating condition (Including selfweight of
beam) for longitudinal direction shall be less than 2.5 cm. (Including selfweight of beam)
Reference: AISC 360-05, Specification for Structural Steel Buildings.
e. For Drift of structures
Total Building Drift……………………....H/100 to H/600
Interstory Drift……………………………H/200 to H/600
Note: H = height of structures
10.0 FOUNDATION STABILITY

10.1. Shallow Foundation
All building, structures and foundation shall be designed so that the safety factor shall not be
less than the values mentioned below at any circumstances (Suryolelono, 1994).
a. Sliding ……………………………………1.5/ 2.0
The ratio of resisting force due to friction to total shear for horizontal load (wind or
earthquake load) is not less than 1.5 and caused by permanent load is not less than 2.0
b. Overturning ………………………………1.5/2.0
The ratio of resisting moment due to dead load to overturning moment for horizontal load
(wind or earthquake load) is not less than 1.5 and for permanent load is not less than
2.0
c. Buoyancy ………………………………… 1.1
The ratio of total dead load of structure and soil weight above to total buoyancy is not
less than 1.1

Page 30 of 31
11.0 ALLOWABLE SOIL BEARING AND PILE CAPACITY

Allowable soil bearing and pile capacity for foundation design shall refers to Soil Investigation
Report. Safety factor for analysis allowable pile capacity shall be 2.5 – 3.
Maximum allowable settlement for pile and shallow foundation is 25.4 mm, unless otherwise
specified. Permissible differential settlement is 15 mm or otherwise specified.
12.0 ROAD AND PAVEMENT

12.1. Type of Paving
The following materials and the thickness shall be used where paving is required.
Main road : Rigid pavement
Pavement : Rigid pavement
Shoulder & general pavement : Stone crushed (area to be shown in engineering
drawing)
12.2. Paving Slope
Maximum 1 : 25
Minimum for concrete pavement 1 : 500
for gravel area 1 : 600
12.3. Design Calculation
Basic design for road and pavement shall refers to ASSHTO and other relevant National Code.
13.0 DRAINAGE
13.1. Design Basis
a. Rainfall intensity
Plant drainage systems shall be designed using rainfall data for the last 10 years.
b. Run-off coefficient
Run off coefficient shall be as follows :
Asphalt C : 0.7 – 0.95
Concrete area C : 0.8 – 0.95
Concrete roof of buildings C : 0.95
Gravel paved areas C : 0.70
Unpaved areas C : 0.30
c. Discharge (Q) formula
Calculation of discharge will be used by Rational Formula :
Q = ( CIA/ 360 )m3/sec
Where :
C : Run-off coefficient
I : Rainfall intensity ( mm/hr )

Page 31 of 31
A : Catchment area ( ha )
d. Velocity ( V ) formula
Calculation of average velocity will be used by Manning Formula. The maximum and
minimum of average velocity will be 2.5 m/sec and 0.6 m/sec respectively. The liquid flow
velocity on the pipe and open channel shall be calculated as follow :
V=1/n.R 2/3.S 1/2

Where,
V : Velocity of flow ( m/ sec )
n : Roughness/ manning coefficient
R : Hydraulic radius R = D/4 =A/P ( m )
S : Hidraulic gradient or invert slope for full pipes
Hidraulic gradient, bottom slope for open open channel
Hidraulic gradient, for water surface slope for open channel
D : Inner diameter of pipe ( m )
P : Wetted perimeter open channel ( m )
e. Roughness coefficient ( n ) for Manning
- Carbon steel pipe : n = 0.014
- Concrete smooth forms : n = 0.013
- Concrete rough form : n = 0.016
- Concrete asbestos-cement : n = 0.018
- PVC pipe : n = 0.013
- Earth, straight and uniform : n = 0.030
f. Slope
Slope for open ditch shall be designed so that the water flows to downstream of ditch. For
open ditch that connect to existing drainage system, the designed slope shall consider the
existing slope and the minimum slope shall be 0.1%.
g. Freeboard
The minimum freeboard will have 150 mm for open ditch.

Design Basis for Civil and Structural Feed Pipeline Development

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Design Basis for Civil and Structural Feed Pipeline Development

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Company/user name: Consultant name: Contractor name:

FEED PIPELINE DEVELOPMENT

PT. TANJUNG ENIM LESTARI PULP & PAPER