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NEUTRAL GROUNDING RESISTOR

USER HANDBOOK
CHAPTER 1
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
Neutral Grounding Resistors are used for resistance grounding of industrial power system. They are
generally connected between ground and neutral of transformers, generators and grounding
transformers. Neutral Grounding Resistors are used in order to limit maximum fault current to a value
which will not damage the equipment in the power system, yet allow sufficient flow of fault current to
operate protective relays to clear the fault. Although it is possible to limit fault currents with high
resistance Neutral Grounding Resistors, earth short circuit currents can be extremely reduced. As a
result of this fact, protection devices may not sense the fault. Therefore, it is the most common
application to limit single phase fault currents with low resistance Neutral Grounding Resistors to
approximately rated current of transformer and / or generator.
Hilkar resistors are designed to absorb a large amount of energy without exceeding temperature
limitations defined in IEEE 32. Neutral Grounding Resistors Hilkar manufacture can be used for indoor
and outdoor and the neutral point is connected with a porcelain bushing or with a (minimum cross-
section = 70 mm2 copper or 95 mm2 aluminum) high voltage (XLPE) cable from the bottom. The most
common protection degree preferred for Neutral Grounding Resistors is IP 23 as it allows the resistor
elements to cool easier and they can be used both at sea shores and deserts because the resistor
elements are completely stainless steel and does not get affected by extreme conditions.

CHAPTER 2
TRANSPORT AND LANDING : Neutral Grounding Resistors packed for domestic shipments by carton
box, for overseas shipments by wooden materials. NTD transported by forklift or winch. On the NTD
specially manufactured inox lifting ring for safe transportation. We use these inox rings for landing and
carrying operation by winch. With the help of fork lift , fork should be locate not to damage

CHAPTER 3
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE
The most reliable mounting is to connect the neutral point of desired restriction O.G. coil of phase-earth
short circuit current with the O.G. cable (min. 70mm2 cross-section copper wire) to the access of NER
(neutral grounding resistor). Installation of NER is completed by contacting of the outer casing of NER

Merkez / Head Office: 1. O.S.B. 1 .Yol. No : 16 54580 ARİFİYE / SAKARYA / TURKEY Tel: 90.264.275 55 40 Fax: 90.264.275 12 76
Şube / Branch Office: Perpa-Elektrokent K: 5 No: 444 ISTANBUL / TURKEY Tel: 90.212.210 68 54 Fax: 90.212.221 10 25
www.hilkar.com hilkar@hilkar.com
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with at least 70 mm2 cross-section copper wire to the grounding grid that has maximal 1 ohm
resistance.
Today, neutral grounding resistors are generally casted of chrome alloy sheet and breakage is not
probable like casting resistors. Therefore, prevent NERs rupture by putting voltage transformer and an
over voltage relay on input of NER is needless and requires an unnecessary investment costs
approximately 1000 USD. Likewise connect separator and surge arrester to NER is a negative
situtation for business. Because by opening of the separator when transformer in service transformer
neutral is converted to the isolated system and it's necessary that protectors of transformer should be
designed according to this situation.
It's meaningless to put surge arrester on the neutral point of transformer, because atmospheric and
maneuver overvoltages are blocked by surge arresters that due to transformer phases.
It's economically to connect multiple transformers working in parallel to ground with one neutral
grounding resistor (NER), although in this case, separator solud be put on the neutral point of each
differential transformer. But the phase-neutral voltage danger at one end of the separator of the
transformer that disabled for maintenance should be kept in mind.
For maintenance, once a year by opening the labeled cover must be cleaned with compressed air.

CHAPTER 4
Spare Part: Normal operating conditions does not need any spare parts. But you can apply to our
company for any repair or spare part needs.

Safety rules in work time : All medium voltage safety rules applies as per IEC and IEEE.

Trouble Shooting : Contact factory

Stocking : No special requirements apply.

Preparation for Commissioning: Neutral Grounding Resistor must be installed on a level concrete
floor by anchorage bolts and nuts before comissioning.

Merkez / Head Office: 1. O.S.B. 1 .Yol. No : 16 54580 ARİFİYE / SAKARYA / TURKEY Tel: 90.264.275 55 40 Fax: 90.264.275 12 76
Şube / Branch Office: Perpa-Elektrokent K: 5 No: 444 ISTANBUL / TURKEY Tel: 90.212.210 68 54 Fax: 90.212.221 10 25
www.hilkar.com hilkar@hilkar.com
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M O U NT I N G AN D M AI N T E N AN C E O F
NEUTRAL GROUNDING RESISTOR (NGR)
The most secure mounting method is to connect the neutral point of M.V. winding, for limiting the
phase-earth short-circuit current, to the NGR input with at least 70 mm2 M.V. cable or 70 mm2 copper wire.
The last stage of mounting is to connect the enclosure with at least 70 mm2 copper cable to grounding
network which must have resistance of maximum 1 ohm.

In recent years, NGRs are made with stainless-steel grids and by this way, problems of being broken
are eliminated where it is generally seen in castings of the earlier years. As a result of this, connecting a
voltage transformer with an over-current relay to notice the break point of the NGR is unnecesary and costs
about $ 1000. Likewise, connecting a disconnector and a lightning arrester is not a suitable situation in
terms of operating because if the disconnector is open while the transformer is in service, this converts the
transformer to an unearthed system and transformer protection must be designed in accordance with this
situation.

As the atmospheric and switching over-voltages are blocked by the lightning arresters that are
connected to the transformer’s phases, it is unnecessary to install lightning arrester to the transformer’s
neutral point.

Even though it is economical to connect a single NGR to several parallel connected transformers, it is
necessary to install a disconnector to the neutral point of each transformer. However, if disconnector of the
transformer is open for maintenance, danger of phase-neutral voltage at one point of the transformer’s
disconnector has to be taken into consideration.

MAINTENANCE: Cover with nameplate should be

opened in order to clean dust with pressured air once a
R year. R

N N

T T
S S

N N
C.T. I0 C.T. 51N

NGR NGR

G G

Merkez / Head Office: 1. O.S.B. 1 .Yol. No : 16 54580 ARİFİYE / SAKARYA / TURKEY Tel: 90.264.275 55 40 Fax: 90.264.275 12 76
Şube / Branch Office: Perpa-Elektrokent K: 5 No: 444 ISTANBUL / TURKEY Tel: 90.212.210 68 54 Fax: 90.212.221 10 25
www.hilkar.com hilkar@hilkar.com
 Sayfa / Page : 2 / 2
_____ A _____ Ohm ____ Sec.

PROTECTION OF THE NEUTRAL GROUNDING RESISTOR (NGR)

A

….kV
6s B
C
….. A ….. A ….. A
0,1s 4s 20 s N
V0
…..… / ….. A
I03 I01 VT ..…VA .….P.…
I02
CT

NGR Rn= .….. ohm

I03= 1,5 In In = .…… A
tn= .…… sec.
I02= 0,5 In
G
“Short - circuit of in

“ NGR Broken”

I01= 0,05 In
“ Trip ”

“ Unbalanced load ”

V0= 0,60 Un / √3

VT: Un 0,1
√3 √3

Maximum current that can be loaded without cooling is 0,1 In continuously.

NOTICE: One point of the current transformer secondary winding is grounded. DO NOT GROUND AGAIN !

Example : For 1000 A 5 sec.

NGR Current Temperature rise in 5 sec. Duration of temperature rise up to

(A) ( 0C ) the limit of 6100C (seconds)
1000 518 6,14
800 361 9,60
600 224 17,0
400 115 38,4
200 44 153

Merkez / Head Office: 1. O.S.B. 1 .Yol. No : 16 54580 ARİFİYE / SAKARYA / TURKEY Tel: 90.264.275 55 40 Fax: 90.264.275 12 76
Şube / Branch Office: Perpa-Elektrokent K: 5 No: 444 ISTANBUL / TURKEY Tel: 90.212.210 68 54 Fax: 90.212.221 10 25
www.hilkar.com hilkar@hilkar.com