Introduction

MIMO system is essentially a wireless system with multiple antennas at

both the transmitter and receiver ends. Compared to the conventional
wireless systems, the main advantages of the MIMO systems are the
higher system capacity, more bit rates, more link reliability, and wider
coverage area. All of these These features are currently considered as
crucial performance requirements in modern wireless
communicationsdevices []. Moreover, diversity performance is achieved
through MIMO system []. Circular polarization is also a desirable
feature in mobile devices for global positioning systemvarious
applications due to less polaraization loss factor []. Moreover, a
wideband CP monopole slot antenna was proposed using a square
shaped ground plane [ ]. Furthermore circular polarized antenna have
importance in lower multipath interference and reduced polarization loss
as compared to linearly polarized antenna []. Circular polarization is
achieved through metamaterials, slot type antenna and loop antenna
printed on the ground plane, however they are not suitable for mobile
devices due to its complex structures[].Circular polarization is also a
desirable feature in mobile devices for global positioning system
applications []. Moreover, a wideband CP monopole slot antenna was
proposed using a square shaped ground plane []. Moreover circular
polarization is achieved through Ground mode tuning (GMT) technique
which consists of a metal strip and an inductor to generate a phase
difference of 90° between the horizontal and vertical mode. However
GMT is not implemented in mobile devices due to its additional
geometry []. Dual orthogonal feeding and single feeding techniques are
used to obtained circular polarization. However dual orthogonal feeding
method needs an additional power divider which made the structure
complex while in single feeding method both the excitation of the
orthogonal modes and generating a phase difference between the two
modes are difficult to achieve in mobiles devices []. Circular
polarization is also achieved through cross dipoles structures which is
used in base station antennas and is not implemented in mobiles devices
due its complex structure [].

1 General back ground of MIMO in wireless applications

2. Limitations of mobile device antenna
3. Advantages of CP along with CP conditions
4. Characteristic mode theory
5. Critical analysis of published articles on CP and MIMO with CP
antenna for mobile devices+ GMT and its disadvantages
5a. What is not achieved yet?
6. What we have proposed/contributed (Last paragraph)

Hence --- Therefore

(a) But ----- However (b) where (a) and (b) are different sentences
(a) Furthermore, Moreover, (b) where (a) and (b) are different sentences
To-----In order to
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