CODE AND STANDARD The

code and standard used for this calculation is NFPA 780 (National Fire Protection Association).
The NFPA 780 edition, the Standard for Installing a lightning rod system, was prepared by the
Technical Committee on Lightning Protection and established by the National Fire Protection
Association. The NFPA 780 edition was approved by American National Standard on October 4,
2011.

While the code and the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) standard and the basis for
the overall electrical design, specifications and installation of electrical equipment were IEC 61024
(Structural protection against lightning).

LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM

A lightning rod system is a complete system with termination devices, conductors, ground terminals,
interconnecting conductors, surge suppression devices, and other connectors or fittings needed to
complete the system.

The lightning protection system consists of the following three basic parts which have low
impedance:
• A system of termination devices on the roof and other elevated locations
• A terminal ground system
• A conductor system that connects termination devices to ground terminals
Correct laying and installation, the base component increases the likelihood that the lightning
discharge will be carried out harmlessly between the termination device and the ground terminal.

LIGHTNING PROTECTION DESIGN

The requirements for protection against static electricity and lightning in the process / utility area
must be fulfilled by a general grounding system. All structures and equipment items must be directly
connected to the general grounding system.

Lightning Protection for this case is used in the conventional type.

The equipment used for conventional types is:
• Air terminal: A termination device which is a receptor for flashes for lightning protection
systems and is registered for that purpose.
• Down Conductor: A conductor used to carry lightning currents between termination devices
to ground terminals. Transient earth clamp.
• Joint test terminal at the junction box.
• Clamp for rod to connection down conductor (bonding): An electrical connection between
electrically conductive objects and components of a lightning protection system intended to reduce
the potential difference created by lightning currents significantly.
Unconventional Type (CLT)
Dynasphere ™ Controlled Leader Emision (CLT) air terminal, this terminal consists of a floating
spheroid that acts to reduce the distortion of the electric and corona fields produced.
The operating principle of this terminal depends on the capacitive coupling of the terminal's outer
scope with the leader charge. This in turn raises the surface tension of the sphere to produce a
concentration of fields throughout the air gap isolated between the external environment and the
finial grounded center. This breakdown creates a local photo-ionization and release of excess free
ions
Volume Collection Method
Volume collection provides imperial and quantitative methods based on design parameters such as
structure height, intensification of the field of structural projection, leader charge , site height and
relative velocity propagation. Models can be developed for three dimensional structures and offer
lightning protection with a tighter design approach Model Collection Volume assumes that all points
in the structure are potential strike points

Figure 1 Unconventional Lightning protection type

LIGHTNING PROTECTION RISK ASSESMENT

How to determine the amount of lightning protection requirements for a building using the General
Regulation of Lightning Installation Installation (PUIPP) and International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) 1024-1-1.

Based on the General Regulation of Lightning Distributor Installation (PUIPP)

The amount of these requirements is determined based on the sum of certain indices that represent
the condition of the building in a location and are written as follows:

R=A+B+C+D+E

Where :

R = Estimated danger of lightning

A = Use of buildings

B = Construction of buildings
C = Building Height

D = Building Situation

E = Express Effect.

Table 1 index A: hazard based on use and content

Usage and Contents Index A

Ordinary buildings that do not need to be secured both the building and its contents -10

Buildings and contents are rarely used, for example in the middle of rice fields or fields, 0
towers or columns of metal

Buildings that contain daily equipment or shelter, for example residential houses, small 1
industries or train stations
The building or its contents are quite important, such as water parks, valuables, and 2
government offices
Buildings that contain lots of people, eg cinemas, religious facilities, schools, and important 3
historical monuments
Gas, oil or gasoline, and hospital installations 5
Buildings that are explosive and can cause uncontrolled danger to surrounding areas, such 15
as nuclear installations
Table 2 Index B: Danger Based on Building Construction
Building construction Index B
The entire building is made of metal and easily distributes electricity 0
Buildings with construction of reinforced concrete or iron frames with metal roofs 1
Buildings with construction of reinforced concrete, iron frames and non-metal roofs 2
Wooden buildings with non-metal roofs 3
Table 3 Index C: Danger Based on Building Height
Building height based on ...... (m) Index C
6 0
12 2
17 3
25 4
35 5
50 6
70 7
100 8
140 9
200 10
Table 4 index D: Hazards Based on Building Situations
Building situation Index D

In the area at all heights 0

At the foot of the hill up to a high hill or mountain to 1000 meters 1

 Mountain or mountain peaks of more than 1000 meters 2

Table 5 Index E: Danger By Day G uruh

Annual thunder Index E

2 0

4 1

8 2

16 3

32 4

64 5

128 6

256 7

Table 6 Index R: Estimated danger of lightning strikes

R Estimated Danger Security
<11 Ignored No need
11 Small No need
12 Is being Recommended
13 Rather big Recommended
14 Big Highly recommended
> 14 Very large It is necessary

Source: Directorate of Building Problem Investigation. General Regulations for Installing Lightning Protection for
Buildings in Indonesia. Page 17-19

Based on the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

For the purposes of more detailed and detailed calculations used standard IEC 1024-1-1. Based on
this standard the selection of an adequate level of protection for a lightning protection system is
based on the frequency of direct lightning strikes in the local area (Nd) which is estimated to the
structure protected and the frequency of annual lightning strikes in the local area (Nc) allowed. The
lightning density to the ground or the average annual lightning to ground strike in the area where the
structure will be protected is stated as:

Ng = 0.04. T d 1.26 / km 2 / year

Where Td is the sum of the average thunder per year in the area where the structure will be protected

N d = N g . Ae.10 -6 / year
Where Ae is the coverage area of the structure (m2), which is the area of the land surface which is
considered as a structure that has the frequency of annual direct lightning strikes

The protected area is the area around structure 3h where h is the height of the protected structure.

Examples of Ae determination are shown as follows:

(a) Projection to the vertical plane,
(b) Projection to the horizontal plane.
Decision making needs to or not install lightning protection systems in buildings based on Nd and Nc
calculations carried out as follows:
a. If Nd
c Nc does not need a protection system b. If Nd> Nc a lightning protection system is needed with
efficiency:

E> 1- (Nc / Nd)

with protection level according to table 6.

Table 7 Lightning Protection System Efficiency

Protection Level Efficiency (E)
I 0.98
II 0.95
III 0.90
IV 0.80
Table 8. Placement of air termination based on the level of protection
Protection h (m) 20 30 45 60 Mesh Width
Level (m)
R (m) ao ao ao ao

I 20 25 - - - 5
II 30 35 25 - - 10
III 45 45 35 25 - 15

IV 60 55 45 35 25 20

PROTECTION AREA
Lightning catchers must be placed in such a way as to be able to capture all lightning strikes without
affecting the protected area. The basic area of the protection zone is a circle with a lightning
distributor as its center. Therefore, to declare the protection capabilities of lightning dealers are used
as the protection radius or protection radius, which is the farthest distance from the center of the
circle that lightning dealers can still protect.

The method used to determine the protection area is as follows:

1. Razevig's Protection Zone Method
The description of Razevig's protection zone can be expressed by the following equation:

Where :
rx : protection radius
hx : maximum height of a protected object
ht : total lightning distributor height

seen from the equation above, that the protection radius changes according to the change in height of
the object being protected.

2. Rolling ball method

All lightning spaced R from the tip of the lightning catcher will have the same opportunity to grab
the building. The magnitude of R relates to the magnitude of the lightning current (I) which is
expressed as an equation:
R (m) = I 0.75

3. The Early Steamer Emission (ESE) Method

ESE is non conventional air termination, the equipment used is non radioactive ESE equipment. The
radius of protection is obtained from:

Where:
Rp : radius of protection
h : height from the end of the terminal
D : height of each protection level

AIR TERMINATION SYSTEM

Air termination is part of the task of capturing lightning, in the form of metal electrodes mounted
erect or horizontal.
a. EF Lightning Protection System
EF's Lightning Protection System is one method of terminating non-conventional (modern) lightning
air. This lightning channel system is divided into two parts, namely EF Terminal which is placed at
the top of the building as a lightning catcher and EF Carrier (conductor cable) as a conductor
channeling current entering the ground

Table 9. EF lightning protection system protection radius

Height (m) 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

Protection 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
Radius (m)

b. Skylance Lightning Protection System

Skylance Lightning Protection System is one method of terminating non-conventional (modern)
lightning air. This lightning channel system is divided into two parts, namely the skylance terminal
which is placed at the top of the building as a lightning catcher and a skylance carrier as a conductor
channeling current that enters the ground.
Table 10. Radius of protection of skylance lightning protection system
Height (m) 2 3 4 5 6 10 15 20 45 60

Protection Radius (m) 50 72 92 112 112 113 114 116 118 124