BN3233

PLANT AND MAINTENANCE

ASSIGNMENT 2

HEATING ENERGY AND ZONE

COOLING CALCULATION

BY

ANDREW PRICE

1
Results

Carbon Emissions Calculation Method

In accordance with CIBSE TM 41, Degree Days; Theory and application the Carbon
Dioxide emissions from the building as specified in Assignment 1a were calculated
and compared for gas and oil.

Building Information

1. Fabric Losses Table

• Building Type – Speculative Office building with suspended ceiling and
carpeted raised floors

Data from Assignment 1a

Surface Area U Value AU

m2 Wm2K-1 WK-1

External Wall 798 0.52 414.96

(EW)
Ground Floor 409.5 0.272 111.38
Roof 409.5 0.25 102.375
Windows 342 3.01 *896.04
*2.62
TOTAL 1524.759

(*U value for window amended to take into account blind fitted.)

3. Building Heat Loss Coefficient (Ú'̍ )

Ú'̍ = ΣAU + 1/3NV

1000

V = Volume of the building = 21m x 19m x 19.5m = 7780.5m3

(N = Air Change Rate 1 AC/hr chosen in accordance with table 3.5 Environmental
Science in Building 4th Edition Randall McMullan Published by MacMillan Press
1998.)

Ú'̍ = 1524.759 + (1/3 x 1 x 7780.5)

1000

Ú'̍ = 4.118259KW/K

(Calculation based upon Degree days Theory and Application TM 41 page 25

3.2)

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3. Building Thermal Capacity

AREA FABRIC FABRIC EFFECTIVE C (J. K-1)

(m2) DENSITY SPECIFIC DEPTH OF
(Kg. m-3) HEAT MASS (m)
(J.Kg.K)
EW 798 1700 800 0.03 32558400
Ground 409.5 2100 840 0.03 21670740
Floor
Roof 409.5 2100 840 0.03 21670740
Internal 1254 950 840 0.012 12008304
Wall
Internal 1638 2100 840 0.03 86682960
Floor
TOTAL 174591144

(Assume effective depth = 30mm, 12mm for plasterboard – Degree days Theory and
Application TM 41 page 29 3.10)

Properties of materials taken from;

www.people.bath.ac.uk/abmaw/BEnv1/properties.pdf

4. Plant Output

QP = 1.2U' ΔθDESIGN

QP = 1.2U'(θSP- θO)

(From Assignment 1a θSP = 20˚c and θO = -2˚c)

QP = 1.2 x 4.118259(20—2)

QP = 108.722KW

Heating estimate input parameters

3
Parameter Symbol Value
Building Thermal C
Capacity

4
Building Data

Location: North-west of England

Number of Floors: 5

External Wall: Dark coloured, 105mm brick, 50mm mineral

fibre, 100mm lightweight concrete block, 13mm
dense plaster

Adjoining Wall: (to building) 215mm brickwork with 13mm dense plaster
each side

Internal Wall: (to core) 100mm light weight concrete block with 13 mm
plaster each side.

Glazing Type: 6mm clear double glazing with 9 mm air space

and internal blind

Roof: Waterproof roof covering, 100 mm polyurethane insulation, vapour control

layer, 75 mm screed, 150 mm cast concrete, 13
mm dense plaster

Building Type: Speculative office building with suspended

ceiling and carpeted raised floors

Glazing Height and width: 1.8m and 1.0m respectively

Storey Height: 3.8m

Room Height: 2.75m

Occupancy: 10m2 per person

Lighting Gain: 15 Watts/m2

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Equipment Gain: 20 Watts/m2

Structure Considerations

• External Wall (CIBSE Guide A table 3.49 8c)

• Adjoining Wall (CIBSE Guide A table 3.49 11b)

• Internal Wall (CIBSE Guide A table 3.51 b)

• Glazing (CIBSE Guide A Table 3.23 – Normal Exposure, not coated)

• Roof (Table 3.50 Type 1c – Flat Roof)

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 S

Cooling Load Calculation considering middle zone comprising two intermediate

floors

Consideration;

Prior to cooling loads being calculated for the two intermediate floors the size and
number of modules needs to be established

From the drawing per floor

• Modules A, B and C – 1500mm wide x 4500mm deep
• Modules, D and E – 1500mm wide x 4500mm deep
• Corner modules, F and G – 1500mm wide x 4500mm deep
• Internal modules H – 4000mm wide x 6000mm deep
• Internal modules, J and K – 3500mm wide x 5000mm deep
• Internal modules, L and M – 2500mm x 5000mm deep

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There are;
• 9 x Modules A
• 10 x Modules B
• 10 x Modules C
• 1 x Modules D
• 1 x Modules E
• 1 x Modules F
• 1 x Modules G
• 2 x Modules H
• 1 x Modules J
• 1 x Modules K
• 1 x Modules L
• 1 x Modules M

Due to direction of orientation of building modules F and G may be considered the

same as A and C respectively due to the adjoining building.

Surface Area/ U Value AU Y AY Decrement Time

m2 Wm2K-1 WK-1 Wm2K-1 Wm2K-1 factor, f Lag
ø/h
External 3.9 0.52 2.028 2.97 11.583 0.41 9.2
wall
Internal 39.9 2.27 90.573
wall
Internal 6.75 2.35 15.8625
floor
Ceiling 6.75 2.49 16.8075
Glazing(inc 1.8 2.62 4.716 3.01 5.418 1.0 0
frame)
Summed 59.1 6.744 140.244
values

Assume internal floor properties as stated CIBSE Guide A Table 3.53 1 b page 3-53
Assume ceiling property(Y value) as stated CIBSE Guide A Table 3.55 d page 3-55
U Value for glazing takes into consideration internal blind.
Y value of glass taken as same value as the U value for the glass from (CIBSE Guide
A 5.7.2.1) – For thin structures of low thermal capacity the admittance is equal in
amplitude to the U value and time lead = 0 Refer to table 3.23 for U value of glass,
normal exposure.
Decrement figure for glass taken as unity.