1484-C Kaypro Technical Manual Aug84

KAYPRO TOCHNlCAL MANuAL
AUGUST 1984
Introduction
Purpose of Technical Manual 1-1
Soope of Technical Manual 1-2
FCC In:fbnra.tion 2-1

3.0 M::rlel Speci fications
3.1 KAYPRO 2 3-1
3.2 KAYPRO 2/84 am 2X 3-2
3.3 KAYPRO 4 3-3
3.4 KAYPRO 4/84 3-4
3.5 . KAYPRO 4X 3-5
3.6 KAYPRO 10 3--6
3.7 KAYPRO ROOIE 3-7
RCM Revisions - CP/M Canpatibility 4-1
5.0 Olassis
5.1 Raicva1/Replacenent of H:lod (Exc. ROOIE) 5-1
5.2 '!buch-up In1bnnation 5-2
6.0 Mainboards-Troub1eshooting Tips 6-1

6.1 KAYPRO 2 (81-110-11) 6-2
6.2 KAYPRO 2/4 (81-240-n) 6-8
6.3 KAYPRO 10 (8l-180-n) 6-16
6.4 KAYPRO 2/84 and 2X (81-294-n) 6-26
6.5 KAYPRO 4/84 (81-184) 6-35
6.6 KAYPRO Rc.EIE (81-296-n) 6-44
6.7 Renoval/Instal1ation Instructions 6-53
7.0 CRr Assemblies
7.1 Descriptions and Adjustments 7-1
7.2 Video Alignment 7-3
7.3 Video Signals en KAYPRO Mai.nboard 7-4
7.4 ALIGI.M1\C Diagnostic Listirg 7-5
7.5 Renoval/Installation Instructions 7--8
CQfl'fBl'S (ODtinued)
~Ql PAGE
8.0 Pc7Ner Supplies

8.1 Introduction 8-1
8.2 Description and 220V Configuration 8-2
8.3 Removal/Installation Instructions 8-5
9.0 Diskette Drives

9.1 Introduction/Disk Drive Cleaning 9-1
9.2 Which Brand of Drive Is It? 9-2
9.3 Jumpering Diagrams 9-5
9.4 High-Density (Drivetec) Drives 9-9
10.0 Hard Disk Drives (KAYPRO 10)

10.2 Description 10-2
10.3 Hard Drive Con figuration 10-3
10.4 Hard Drive or Floppy Drive Removal/
Installation Instructions (KAYPRO 10) 10-4
11.0 Hard Drive Controller Board (KAYPRO 10)

12.0 Inter face Board (KAYFRO 10'>

13.0 Keytx::>ards 13-1
14.0 ROUE RaIoval/Installation Instructions

14.1 Cllassis Covers 14-1
14.2 Diskette Drives 14-2
CCJiI'lBll"S ( Qmt.inued)
SB!l'ICN PAGE
15.0 Troub1eshooti~
15.2 KAYPRO 2 and 4 Symptan-Fix Guides 15-2
15.3 KAYPRO 10 Symptan--Fix Guide 15-8
15.4 RCBIE Symptan-Fix Guide 15-15
15.5 KAYPRO 2/84 and 2X Synptan--Fix Guide 15-21
15.6 KAYPRO 4/84 and 4X Symptan-Fix Guide 15-22
16.0 System I/O

16.1 Video Camland Protocol 16-1
16.2 Key1:x>ard Codes and Ftmctions 16-2
16.3 Connector Pin-o..tt.s 16-3
16.4 Port Addresses 16-10
17.0 Re ference Section
17.1 ASCII Chart 17-1
17.2 Merory Maps 17-2
17.3 Vendor Addresses 17-6
18.0 Suggested Re ferences 1S-:-1
INDEX
1.1 PURJ?ajE CF T!XB1ICAL MN!U\L
'!his publication is int.eOOed to be a technical re ference guide to be used by

trained repair technicians. It will attempt to caver all dealer-serviceable
sections of Kaypro computers. '!his manual replaces previous manuals on the
subject.
The procedures and in:fbrmation contained in this manual assume technical
expertise on the part of the reader. 'lb avoid personal injury, do IDt perfbrm
any servicing tmless you are a quali fled service technician.
It is our desire to provide dealers with the infbrmation and sUR?Qrt needed to
expedite repairs and provide the users with the service they deserve. We
encourage your conunents and suggestions regarding this manual.
1-1
'!be in:fbrmation and procedures covered by this manual assume sane technical
krlc:Jwledge on the part of the reader.
'!be J;X>licyof Kaypro Corporation is to repair computers to the modular level

only. ENen Kaypro1s repair technicians do not repair switching power
supplies, CRl' assemblies, or disk drives. Repairs to Irodular oomponents not
manufactured by Kaypro Corporation (J;X>Wer supplies, CRI' assemblies, disk
drives) are Nor oovered by this manual.
H:>wever, we do not discourage dealers and technicians who have the knowledge
and the tools to repair to the compalerlt level :from doing so, on out-o f-
warranty Kaypro canput.ers.
'!be adjustment am rerroval/replacement in:fbrmation in this manual is organized

by module type, with the exception of reIOOVal/replacement infbrmatioo 1br the
KAYPRO RCBIE, which is placed in a separate sectioo due to the di fferences in
chassis design and hardware module placement in that machine.
1-2
As Kaypro keeps in step with oomputer technology, the models have changes
which a ffect FCC ratings. 'nle proper rating is a ffixed to the back of each
oomputer. Caltact the Kaypro Engineering Department if you need further
in1brmation.
2-1
3.8 MCIEL SPl!ClFlCATICBS
3.1 I<AYPRO 2 SPl!ClFlCATI(H)
CPU Z-S'" 2. 5 MHz
641< bytes
Sl-ll"'-n or Sl-240-n series.
DISK srCEAGE Two 5-1/4 inch, double~ensity, single-

sided, floppy disk drives, providing
19lK bytes of storage per diskette.
Detachable, 72 key typewriter style

keyboard with IS programnable keys.
VIDEO SCREEN Nal-glare, 9-inch, green tilOSPhor

screen with a 25 rOil x S'" column
display.
I/O CCNNrel'ICNS Ole "Centronics"-type parallel

port, ale RS-232C serial port.
3-1
3.2 IQ\YPRO 2/84 and 2X SP&!li'1CATIQ'IS
CPU ZOO-A 4.0 MHz
RAM 641< bytes
81-294-n series.
DISK s:raw;E Two 5-1/4 inch double-density, s~le

(Kaypro 2/84) sided, flOJ;'PY disk drives, providing
1911< bytes of storage per diskette.
DISK srCRAGE Two 5-1/4 inch double-density, double-

(Kaypro 2X) sided, flOJ;'PY disk drives, providing
39m< bytes of storage per diskette.

keyboard with 18 programnable keys.
VIDEO SCREEN Non-qlare, 9-inch, green phosphor

screen with a 25 row x 8eJ column
display.
I/O Cc:NNECl'ICNS (he "Centronics"_type parallel part,

1:\\0 RS-232C serial parts.
3-2
3.3 KAYPlID 4 SPl!X!lFICATlQ'IS
CPU Z-80 2.5 MHz
641< bytes
81-240-n series.
DISK STCEAGE Two 5-1/4 inch double-density, double-

sided, floppy disk drives, providing
39m< bytes of storage per diskette.
KEYBmRD Detachable, 72 key typewriter style

VIDEO SCREEN Non-glare, 9-inch, green phosphor

screen with a 25 row x 80 column
display.
I/O CCNNECI'ICNS (he "Centronics"_type parallel port,

ale RS-232C serial port.
3-3
3.4 KAn'RO 4/84 SPB!IFICATIO!1S
CPU Z-80A 4.0 MHz
641< bytes
81-184-n series.
DISK S'I'CiWE Two double-density, Cbuble-sidErl,

floppy disk drives, providing 39m<
bytes of storage per diskette.

keyboard with 18 prograntnable keys.
VIDEO SCREEN Non-glare, 9-inch green phosphor

display.
I/O CCNNEX:TICNS (he "Centronics"-type parallel port,

t\\1O RS-232C serial ports, one RJllC
ncdular telephone jack.
MCDEM Built-in, 300-baoo ncdem, with Bell

System 103 cacpatibility. Uses Texas
Instruments TMS99531/TMS99532.
REAL-TIME CLcx:::K Built-in real-time clock. Uses Natiooal

t+158167.
-_r."_
3-4
3.5 KAYPRO 4X SPB!ll'l~Q1S
CPU Z-80A 4.0 MHz

64K bytes
81-296-n series.
DISK S'I'<::RAGE Two 5-1/4 inch, high-density, double-

sided, flowy disk drives providing
2.6M bytes of storage per diskette.

VIDEO SCREEN Non-glare, 9-inch, green PhoSFhor

display.
I/O CCNNECl'ICNS Qle "Centronics"-type parallel

port, two RS-232C serial ports, one
RJllC ncdular telephone jack.
MCDEM Built-in, 300-baoo. ncdem, with Bell

System 103 compatibility. Uses Texas
Instruments TMS99531/TMS99532.
REAL-TIME CLOCK Built-in real-time clock. Uses National

Mo158167.
3-5
3.6 :KAYPRO 18 SPB!IFlCATIQ1S
CPU Z80A, 4.0 MHz
641< bytes
8l-l80-n series.
DISK STORAGE (be 5-1/4 inch dOuble-density, double-

sided, flowy disk drive providing
3901< bytes of storage per diskette.
(be hard disk drive providing 10M
bytes of storage.

VIDEO SCREEN Non-glare, 9-inch, green {ilosptlor screen

with a 25 reM x 80 column display.
I/O CCNNECl'ICNS (be "Centronics"-type parallel port,

two RS-232C serial ports.
3--6
3.7 DnW) RmIE SPB!lFlCATIOE
CPU- Z8M, 4.0 MHz
641< bytes
8l-296-n series.
DISK STCEAGE Two 5-1/4 inch, high~ensity, double-

sided, fJ..oppy disk drives providing
2.6M bytes of storage per diskette.

keyboard with 18 pr03Iallluable keys.
VIDEO SCREEN Non~lare, 9-inch, green PhOsphor screen

with a 25 rOIlx 00 collllm display.
Ilo CCNNECI'ICNS Ol.e 1.'Centronics"type parallel port,

two RS232C serial ports, ooe RJlle
roodular telephone jack.
MCDEM Built-in, 3000-balXl modem, with Bell

System 103 compatibility. Uses Texas
Instruments 'IMS99531/'IMS99532. .
Built-in real-time clock. Uses National

~8l67.
3-7
CP/M VERSICB I<AYPRO PARI' t ReM VERSIQT
(:fDr CP/M disk)
2/83 2.2F 0777 81-149-C or 81-232-A
4/83 2.2F 1475 81-232-A
4/83 + 88 2.2F 1475 81-232-A
2/84 2.2G 2619 81-292-A
4/84 2.2G 2622 81-292-A
4/84 + 88 2.2G 2622 81-292-A
2 X 2.2G 2470 81-292-A
4X 2.2G 2340 81-326-E
RCBIE 2.2G 2340 81-326-E
4-1
5.8 cassIS
5.1 amssm IUD lBD1AL (FJCa:P1' I<AYPRO Ra3IE)
1. Turn off the machine.
2. Disconnect AC power by unplugging the power oord :from wall outlet.
3. Remove the ten screws :from the chassis hood: there are two on top
and :fOur on each side.
4. RsIove the hood :fran the chassis.
1. IDwer the hood onto the unit.
2. Align the two holes on top of the hood with those on top of the
chassis.
3. Insert the two flat-head screws into the holes on the top of the
chassis and start them, but do IDt tighten them yet.
4. Insert the eight round-head screws, :fOur on each side, and start
them.
5. Tighten each screw securely.
5-1
Kaypro Corp:>ratioo has small amounts of touch-up paint fur Kaypro hoods and
chassis available to the dealers. Contact the Hardware Technical Sugx>rt
personnel to obtain this paint.
O:::casionally a customer's computer will have scratches on the hood or chassis.

A small amount of rubbing compound, when carefully applied, will often smooth
out very small scratches on a hood or chassis. Should painting be necessary,
there are two sizes of sable paintbrushes to have CD hand: size 00 and size
000. 'Ihese brushes are available at any art supply store.
5-2
6.0~
'!he :fOllowing sections contain schematics, chip layout diagrams, and IC lists
(by U-number) :fOr Kaypro mainboards. 'nUs is not intended to be a theory of
operation, but rather an aid to locating possible problems on a mainboard.
Consult an appropriate databook (TrL, Zilog, etc.) if you need to find out the
internal \t.Orkings of a particular IC.
MAINBCNID TRClJBLESHoorING TIPS:
A blank EPRCM can be used to help troubleshoot Kaypro mainboards 0 f series

81-1112J, 81-240, and 81-100. '!he appropriate roodel of EPRCM (2732, 2716, etc)
allows a quick check of the board. It will usually :fOrce the data and
address lines to toggle" at approximately the same amplitude, allowin;;J the
technician to use a scope to spot affected lines.
I f the video display does not show a screen filled with alternatin;;J "g"ls
and apostroJ;:hes, you have a problem in the video RAM or associated
circuitry.
You can check the main RAM and associated circuitry quickly with a scope by
lookin;;J at pin 14 on each of the RAM chips. There should be a pattern of
signals like this:
For the 81-240 board:
U212J (D7) lC711

U21 (nG) lC711
U22 (Ds) toggle
U23 (D4) toggle
U24 (D3) toggle
U2s (D2) lC711
U26 (Dl) lC711
U27 (00) toggle
'!he U-mnnbers of the main RAM chips will vary dependin;;J on which mainboard
you have, but the pattern will be the same.
6-1
I
1 21. I
J1c=J I
L_-1
I
I.1---------11
------16 -c:=r.. ______ u
9) 1 IM1 ,,)_ _ __
1UB :) UII) ell
7J"'~-- V.~(} -c::J-
.2
1 I - 1------"
UI) 1 :/1
ylr@l:((_---.,
1m ) 1
~)c..--.- •• Ill".. ·... -='" - '-c::> m~::. ., y.
U4
+
;
S
9~_44__..., c;.t==JgCII 15 C~I

OND.
+., Y J
9-
UI )
C/. I u. c.)_ _ __
.)
c----t
1-
-c::J-.
I '~I. W " \152),_____...
n . ' ... u.
II.
;; -12 Y 2
JS
" "')---- U.. ,,)_ _ __

un c.)____ L------~L___________ U~ fL__________. .ln.'___ I_J."
1144"')_ _ __
U',,)___...
U6 )c.._ __
00 '~_----,I N
no )"'-_ _ _.. )
•• . . . . RIO
UM)"'____ un)c.._ _ _..

u •
l
UD
1.0
,4 n
c::::>
IO
I~
CIS cSI 2.
U21 c..>_ _ _ _. -
.,)---- US7)c.._ _ __ U7Sc..)_ _ __
,,--_..
UM
U'. I.
~1 ----'1-.). .---,
Ul2"')_ _ __ UI5 ,,)_ _ __
'") lIB ....
) I
c::::>r---...,
CI7
UIO)"'_ _ _.. Ull c..)_ _ _ _1 0-
CSI
c..)_ __
?J U.'
C7S
>r---,O,,)_____ 10 •
-
S a2
J.
· .ni
1162
IL-------Ia:o Q20(1;
UII ,,)_ _ __
UII",)_ _ _..
Ul4)
UlS -)----,1 n UP )
u.r-)--"1
CC?!r----c::J-----,
-! t~~11_____---"
roo,,:..
U
IS an
n E
U26 ...
) _ _ __
(/ ) !)
-c::J-- -
UJ+ "')_ _ _..
U•• ) I) u".-.-----c::J--
UN)
,,_ _ _... Ul7 "')_ _ _ _1 IM+ ,,)_ _ _ __
-c::J-R"
"'1 o:Il~,'_U._7~_~~ ____I c..)_ _ __
U.,
r:::J
un
n
Ie LISr, IQ\YPR) 2 (81-lUJ-n)
Reference
Designation Description
U1 74LS161 4-bit counter

U2,U67* 74InJ04 Hex inverter, CM:>S
U3 74LS290 decade counter
U4 74LS10 Tri NAND gates
U6, U11 74LS393 l)Jal binary counter
U9, uoo 74IS08 Quad AND gates
U10, U61 73IS32 Quad OR Gates
U12, U14, U32 741S74 Dual "0" flip-flop
U15, U39 74ISOO Quad NAND Gates
U16 throU;h U19 74IS157 Quad 2/1 ~
U20 through U27 r-m6665 ( or equivalent) 64K x 1 RAM
U28 through U31 2114 lKx4RAM
U33, U34 74157 Quad 2/1 MUX
U35, U38 8216 Quad Bi-directional MUX
U36 74IS20 l)Ja1 NAND gates
U37, U56, U85 74IS02 Quad NOR gates
U41 745151 8/1 MUX
U42 74IS174 Hex "0" flip-flop
U43 81-146 Character generator EPRCM
U44, U45, U64, U65 74IS243 Quad bus trans
U47 81-149 Boot EPRCM
U48, U73 74IS04 Hex inverter
U49, U52, U62 74IS241 Octal buffer
U54, U72 zoo PIO
U57, U58, U60 74LS138 3/8 MUX
U59 74IS373 Octal "0" latch
U63 zoo CPU
U66 74164 8-bit shift register
U68 1488 Quad line driver (our)
U69 1489 Quad SCHMIT!' line receiver (IN)
U70 zoo SIO
un 74504 Hex inverter
U78 8116 l)Ja1 progranmab1e baud rate
generator
U81 7406 Hex inverter, open collector
U82 FD1793 Floppy disk controller
U84 74IS195 4-bit shift register
U86 74IS293 4-bit binary counter
U87 74IS390 Dual decade counter
U88 FOC9216 D3.ta separator
*NOrE: THERE ARE SOME VERSIONS OF THE 81-110 OOARD ON WHICll U2 AND U67 ARE
WI' CMOO IC.S Bur ARE OORMAL TI'L ICS. READ THE NUMBER ON THE IC TO
BE SURE.
6-3
fn)(IE SIQ1ALS ro AID IN TlURifSIIOrDG (81-llB-n)
The examples of correct signals shown below do oot represent all of the
signals on a Kaypro mainboard, since most signals will be simple high-low
toggles. A group of video signals (CCf2J through CC3) are includErl as
illustrations of the timing relationships between the various video signals.
Note that only one of the I/O signals on U57 will be low at any given time.
State of the machine: The door of drive A is open: the machine is waiting to
boot.
The signal measurements were made using a Tektronix oscilloscope, model 2213.
It has a bandwidth of r.c-6f2J MHz, sensitivity of 2mV/em, a sweep delay of f2J.l
microseconds to 1 second, and a graticule display measuring 8 x lf2J em.
Signal Ml from pin 27 of the cru (U63) was triggerEd on. This signal is shown
in the top half of each display and was channell. Ground for the signals
shown on channel 2 was established at first graticule line above the bottom of
the display.
Each square of the representation is the equivalent of one square em on the

graticule. The scope was set for 'N/div. for all figures, am. was set for .5
micro-sees/dive for all figures EXCEPl' figure 6, which was taken using 1
micro-sees/dive -
Figure 1: Pin 6 of U63, 2.5MHz clock signal.
Figure 2: Pin 24 of UB2, !MHz clock signal.
Figure 3: Pin 3 of U6, CCf2J.
Figure 4: Pin 4 of U6, CCl.
Figure 5: Pin 5 of U6, CC2.
6--4
FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2
,.... ,.. ,.
,.. ~
~ ..
~
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.. ~
t.~
~
,
I
- ,-.
~
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III III ~ ~
• • III ~ ,. ,. ,..... ~
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[,
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FIGURE 3 FIGURE 4
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-- • ,.W4.
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FIGURE 5 FIGURE 6
, ,. ,. ,,
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r ~
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6-5
SIQ1M, I,.al\TIQ1S Q1 MIW1B(JUI) 81-118-0
Ie
SIGllAL . LO:'A'l'iCN
- -
PIN NO.
CI?U SIQ1AIS
2.5 MHz U 63 6
·MREXJB U 62 16
ROB U 62 5
WRB U 62 14
MlHm' SIQ1AIS
RAS ··.. U39· 11

~ U66 5
MUXC U66 4
VIDBO CUXI( SI<J!IMS
CLCCK, Y1 U 2 8
CC0 U6 3
CC1 U6 4
CC2 U6 5
CC3 U6 6
• 2
ION[ LTII. UfECT.
.(VISIONS
Olsallll'TlOlf DAn ~o
I ...... 1 & i-c' ~'Ir)

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(PC r) (B) --------1 '" • IS
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., 1"'~7.---...!LJ :~: (A,B)
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C AS 35 ASB
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~~_4_+-.f_.._I-----+_~ 0<1
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(8) iiif - - - - - - - - - - - - - * - - + - " ' - 1 I N T
(8) D,a ~-------------------~

11 NMI ,----------I.ID?
lB)INnn
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14'S<1O
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Reference Description
Designation
---------------,--------------------- ,---------------------
Ul 74LS16l 4-bit counter
U2,U67 74HCU04 Hex inverter, <NOS
U3 74LS290 Decade counter
U4 74LS10 Tri NAND gates
U6,U11 74IS393 Dual binary counter
U9, UOO 74LS08 Quad AND gates
UUJ, U6l 73LS32 Quad OR Gates
U12, U14, U32 74LS74 Dual "D" flip-flop
U15, U39 74LSOO Quad NAND Gates
U16 through U19 74LS157 Quad 2/1 MUX
U20 through U27 MCl16665 (or equivalent) 64K x 1 RI\M
U28 through U3l 2114 lKx4RAM
U33, U34 74157 Quad 2/1 KJX
U35, U38 8216 Quad Bi-directional MUX
U36 74I.S20 Dual NAND gates
U37, U56, U85 74LS02 Quad IDR gates
U4l 748151 8/1 MUX
U42 74LS174 Hex "D" flip-flop
U43 8l-l46-n Character generator EPR<M
U44, U45, U64, U65 74LS243 Quad bus trans
U47 8l-232-n Boot EPRCM
U48, U73 74LS04 Hex inverter
U49, U52, U62 74LS241 Octal buffer
U54, U72 zoo PIO
U57, U58, U60 74LS138 3/8 KJX
U59 74LS373 Octal "D" latch
U63 Z80 CPU
U66 74164 8-bit shift register
U68 OCl488 Quad line driver (0Ul')
U69 MC1489 Quad SCHMIT!' line receiver (IN)
U70 zoo SIO
un 74804 Hex inverter
U78 8116 Dual progranmable baw. rate
generator
U8l 7406 Hex inverter, open collector
U82 1793 Floppy disk controller
U84 74I.S195 4-bit shift register
U86 74I.S293 4-bit binary counter
U87 74LS390 Dual decade counter
U88 FTC9216 03.ta separator
6-9
The examples of oorrect signals shown below do oot represent all of the
signals on a Kaypro mairtx:>ar:d, since most signals will be simple high-low
toggles. A group of vide::> signals (a:0 through CC3) are included as
illustrations of the timing relationships between the various vide::> signals.
tete that only ~ of the I/O signals on US7 will be low at arr.t given time.
State of the machine: with a blank, 2732, EPROM inserted in place of IX>rmal
EPROM at location U 47. The door of dr~ve A is open: the machine is waiting
to boot.
The signal measurements were· made using a Tektronix oscillosoope, model 2213.
It has a bandwidth of OC-6f2J MHz, sensitivity of 2mV/em, a sweep delay of f2J.I
microseconds to 1 secald, and a graticule display measuring 8 x lf2J em.
Signal Ml from pin 27 of the CPU (U63) was triggered on. This signal is shown
in the top half of each display and was channell. Ground for the signals
shown on channel 2 was established at first graticule line above the bottan of
the display.
Each square of the representation is the equivalent of one square em on the

graticule. '!he soope was set for 'lV/dive for all figures, and was set for .5
micro-seeS/dive for all figures EX.CEPl' figure 6, which was taken- using 1
micrcrsecs/div.
Figure 1: Pin 6 of U63, 2.SMHz clock signal.
Figure 2: Pin 24 of U82, !MHz clock signal.
Figure 3: Pin 3 of U6, CCf2J.
Figure 4: Pin 4 of U6, 0:1.
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SI<J!1AL r.crATIQiIS, 81-248-0
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1 MHz U 87 13
2 MHz U 87 3
MROOB U 62 16
RDB U 62 5
M1R (re ference)
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MUXC U 66 4
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PC 81-18'
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Reference
Ul 74874 Dual "0" flip- flop

U2 74808 Hex Schmitt Quad AND gate
U3 74804 Hex inverter
U4, U10 1489 Quad SQf.UTI' line receiver
US, U38, U41 74LS244 ectal buffer
U6, U2l, U24, U33, U49 74LS74 Dual "0" flip- flop
U20, U30 74LS08 Quad AND gate
U8, U37, US0 74I.SOO Quad NAND gate
U9, US9 74LS393 Dual binary counter
U11, Ul8, U3l, U4S, 74I.S373 O::tal "0' latch
U46, U60
U12, Ul9 74LS138 3/8 MUX
Ul3 7406 Hex inverter, open collector
U14 74886 Hex Schmitt Quad XOR gate
UlS, U61 74820 Dual NAND gate
U16 8116 Dual progranmable baLD. rate
generator
U17 1488 Quad transmitter
U22 74LS16S 8-bit shift. register -
U23, U27 ZOOA SIO
U25, un 74LSl0 Tri NAND gate
U26 81-187 Olaracter generator EPRCM (2732)
U28 Z80A CPU
U29 74LS195 4-bit shi ft. register
U32, U43 74LS02 Quad NOR gate
U34 74LS14 Hex Schmitt inverter
U35, U44 6116 AAM, 2K x 8-bit (200ns)
U36 6545A-l Video controller
U39, U54 74LS245 Bi-directional 8-bit buffer
U42 81-302-C I3oc'&t EPRCM (2732)
U40 74LS32 Quad OR gate
U47, U48 74I.S157 Quad 2/1 MUX
U51, U52, U57, U58, U62, 4565N-15 Dynamic AAM 64K x 1 (150ns)
U63, U68, U69 (t-bstek number)
U53 74LS163 Synchronous 4-bit binary counter
U55 14-2-392 14-Pin pull-up resistor
U56, U65 74LS04 Hex inverter
U64, U67 74HCU04 Hex inverter, Q.1CS
U66 74LS93 Asynchronous 4-bit binary counter
U73 WD9216 Data separator
6-17
The examples of oorrect signals shown here do not represent all of the signals
00 the 8l-l8a-n main1::x:>ard, since most of the signals will be high-low toggles.
A group of signals taken from a video clock divider (U66) are shown to
illustrate the timing relatiooships between the various video signals.
The signal measurements were made using a Tektronix ocillosoope, model 2213.
It has a bandwidth of OC~ MHz, sensitivity of 2mV/em, a sweep delay of g.l
microseconds to 1 second, arxl a graticule display measuring 8 x 19 an.
Fach square of the representatioo is the equivalent of ale square em. 00 the
graticule. The scope was set fur 2V/div. and .2micro-secs/div. fur all
figures except figure 2, which was set at • Smicro-secs/div.
Signal HI from pin 27 of the CPU (U28) was triggered 00. This signal is shown
in the top hal f of each display arxl was channell. GrourXl fur signals shown
00 channel 2 was established at the first graticule line above the bottom of
the display.
State of the machine: The machine has just booted-up on the hard drive.
Figure 1: Pin 6 of U28, 4MHz clock signal:
Figure 2: Pin 24 of U74, !MHz clock signal.
Figure 3: Pin 12 of U66, video, clock divider.
FigllI'e 6: Pin 11 of U66, video, clock divider.
6-18
FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2
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6-19
CPU VIDEO I/O
AAM Address Character

Multiplexing Generator Hard Floppy
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REVISIONS
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6-27
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U60 74LS195 4-bit shi ft. register
U6l 74LS08 Quad AND gate
U65 74LS10 Tri NAND gate
U66, U75 74LS74 Dual "0" flip- flop
U67 FOC9216 rata separator
U73 74H:OO Quad NAND gate
6-36
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Ie LISl', 81-296-0
Reference
-----------------------------------
Ul, U54 7406 Hex inverter, open collector
U2, U25, U7l 74lSl4 Hex Schmitt inverter
U3, U5 1489 Quad Schmitt line driver
U6, U13, U14, U55, U58 74I..S373 ectal "0" latch
U7 74lS38 Fositive-NAND buffer
U8 74lS374 ectal "0" flip-flop
U9 81-235 Character PRCM (2732)
U10 81-189 Custamgate array
U11, U17 Z80A SIO
U12 IM324 CP-Anp
U16 6545FA Video controller
UIS 'lMS 99532 M:xlem
U19 'lMS 99531 Dialer
U20, U31 74lS245 ectal bus transceiver
U21 4N35 Photo Isolator
U22 3.9K Pullup resistor, l4-pin DIP
U24 WD1943/ D.Jal programmable baud rate
8116 generator
U26, U27 74lS138 3/8 MUX
U28, U51 74lS244 Q::tal buffer/line driver
U29 81-194 Custan gate array
U32, U33, U38, U39, U4l, 2164 641< x 1 RAM
U42, U47, U48
U34 81-326 Boot PRCM (2764)
U35 Z80A PIO
U36 I>t1581678 Clock
U37, U45, U59, U72 74lS02 Quad NCR gate
U40 74lS00 Quad NAND gate
U43 Z80A CPU
U46 74lS04 Hex inverter
U52 74lS32 Quad CR gate
U70, U74, U75 Spares
U60 74lS195 4-bit shift register
U61 74lS08 Quad AND gate
U65 74lSl0 Tri NAND gate
U66, U75 74I.S74 Dual "0" flip-flop
U67 FDC9216 rata separator
U73 74OCOO Quad NAND gate
6-45
&Xl'E SICHUS. 81-296-0
**********
Scope signals fOr this mainboard will be available soom the section will be
sent to the dealers fOr insertion into the new Technical Re ference Manual as
soon as it is available.
************
6-46
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6.7 MlUNB<J\RD RIKJlAL
1. Turn off the machine and disconnect the AC pcMer (5.1).
2. Rsrcve the chassis hood (5.1).
3. Remove the two screws from the front of the mainboard that attach the
mainboard and the two plastic standoffs.
4. Remove the screws from the rear, top 0 f the chassis that secure the
mainboard. The KAYPRO 2/83 and 4/83 each have fOur Phillips"'head screws
and two hex-head screws. '!he KAYPRO 10, 2/84 and 4/84 each have three
Phillips-head screws and :fOur hex-head screws.
5. Rerrove the power, reset, and video plugs. en the KAYPRO 2/83 and 4/83
these are J1, J5, and J7. en the KAYPRO 10, 2/84 and 4/84 these are J1,
J7, and J10.
6. Remove the ribbon cable(s). en theKAYPRO 2/83 and 4/83 this is J6. en
the KAYPRO 10 they are J8 and J9. en the KAYPRO 2/84 and 4/84 this is
J8.
7. Rsrove the mainboard.
1. Set the mainboard on the plastic standoffs, insert the screws, but
do not tighten them yet.
2. Align the ports and the keyboard jack with the openings- on the rear, top
of the chassis.
3. Insert the screws through rear 0 f chassis into mounting holes. D:> oot
tighten yet.
4. '!he KAYPRO 2/83 and 4/83 each have fOur Phillips-head and two hex-head
screws. The KAYPRO 10, 2/84 and 4/84 each have three Phillips-head and
fOur hex-head screws.
5. Tighten the screws on the rear of the chassis and the screws that go into
the plastic stamo ffs.
6. Replace the pcMer, reset, and video plugs.
7. Replace the ribbon cable ( s) •
6--53
7." CRI' ASSIMU.IES
7.1 ~ ~<NS AND AIlJlE'lMENl'S
Figure 7.1
D::>tronix video toard At the current time Kaypro is using CRT'
assemblies produced by Ibtronix, Elston, and
'Ibshiba. The adjustment pots are pOsitioned in
di fferent locations on the toards and can be
located by using figures 7-1, 7-2, and 7-3.
These pots are factory aligned and normally
need no adjustment. '!he purpose of these
-
adjustments is to obtain the correct size,
centering, and brightness of the display.
V.width
-
Use only non-metallic tools when making these
adjustments.
H.width Shrink Vert. Before any adjustments are made on the video
toard, the ALIGN diagnostic should be invoked.
I H. Hold
This will fill the screen with H's and aid in
adjustment.
I Focus
HClUZCNl'AL CENl'ERING
Figure 7.2 Check to see that the pattern is centered on

Elston video board the screen. Adjust the hori~ntal hold pot
until the display is correctly centered. en
the Elston video toard, adjust the video
centering pot.
-
Bright
VERTICAL SIZE AND I...INEARI'lY
The fbllowing two procedures are to be
perfbrmed alternately until correct display is
obtained .
• -
Video Centering
--
Vert. Size
V. Hold
Adjust the vertical size pot to obtain pattern
height of approximately 4-7/8 inches.
Adjust vertical linearity pot until all
--
characters are the same vertical size, top to
o Focus
rottcrn.
Width HClUZCNl'AL WID.lH
V Lin
Adjust the hori~ntal width pot to obtain a
display width of approximately 7 inches.
7-1
B<lUZCNTAL BCID (KAYPRO 2/83 and
4/83 with Ibt:zarl.x ally)
Figure 7.3-- 'Ihese procedures should be per :fOrmed to adjust
Toshiba. video 00ard horizontal hold.
--
Attach one end of a test jumper to TP2 (test
p:>int 2). Attach the -other end of the jumper
Bright to the heat sink at Q3.
Focus
Adjust R43 (horizontal hold pot) until the
display either stops scrolling or almost stops.
H. Hold
I (sometimes they don't stop scrollin;J
ccrcpletely)
-- V. Hold -I Disconnect the test jumper.
Adjust the horizontal deflection rings as

H.widtn Vert. Size
I needed.
© V. Lin
I
~ Adjust the fbcus pot until the edges and center
of the display image are in fbcus.
To prolong the life of the CRI', the maximum

brightness obtainable should not be excessive.
If the brightness is excessive, adjust the
Figure 7.4 brightness pot. I f the raster lines are
Yoke alignment visible, the brightness pot should be adjusted
until they disappear.
Locking Clamp
Deflection Rings
Plastic Collar *** CAUl'ICN ***
HIGH VOLTAGE IS PRESENT AT THIS POINT
Coil
Ia:>sen the screw on the locking clamp (figure
7-4) •
Grasp the white collar on the rear of the coil.
Turn the collar in the direction required' to

square the display.
Turn the collar slightly past the alignmenc

point, as it will turn back slightly when
released.
Tighten the locking screw.
7-2
VIIED ~ FCR MICREX CRI.'
The same procedures should be used. to adjust

the Micrex CRI' assembly as those used for the
other brands of CRI's.
Figure 7.5
Micrex video board
<D
7-2.1
Below is an example of perfect video alignment with a capital E positioned
along the borders. You can copy this diagram onto a piece 0 f clear, sti ff
plastic to use as a template over the screen •
fL.....__ 25mm
..... _r!
I
Perfect Video Alignment I
....
~ .. ...
.~
7-3
7.3 VIlEO SIc:aIS. OIl IOaPBO MIUJ!1B(JR)
Below is a list of the video signals 00 connector Jl of the mainboard and the
voltages en the video board. Repeated removal and installation of the video
]:x:)ard connector will loosen the oormection and produce poor oontact.
MalfUnctions due to a loose connector can be very difficult to trace.
Video cx::>mes :from the main ]:x:)ard as separate signals, not as a composite like a
TV signal.
A simple check :fOr l2V on the video board is to turn the BRIGHINFSS pot up,
then turn the rear panel brightness control down. If l2V is present an the
]:x:)ard, you should be able to see the raster lines en the screen.
Video signals <Xl DBin boaJ:d at J1
Pin 1 - Horizontal Sync.

Pin 2, - Key
Pin 3 - Video
Pin 4 - Vertical Sync.
Vbltages on Video BoaJ:d

Pin ->
1 0v
Pin -,->
6 0v
Pin ->
7 l2v
Pin ->
8 0v
Pin ->
9 4v approx. (this voltage centrols brightness)
Pin 10 -> 0v
7-4
7.4 LISTII!'K; CR ALIQI.MAC
If you have the assembly language utilities M-80 and L-80, this diagnostic
can be typed into the KAYPRO, then turned into a CCM file by I'\ll'l1'lio3' M-OO,
then L-80.
*******************************************************************
kaypro alignment test routine
first a program to m:JVe this routine above 8OO0h

; so......e can turn on the other page
0 f rrem:>ry
; and address the video page directly
start:
ld hl, first+l
ld de,dest
ld bc,last-firstl
ldir
jp dest
·
,
dest equ 00000h
first: defb 0
·, .phase dest
;
; beginning 0 f the program
; first turn 0 ff the drives and turn on the vid page
firstl:
in a, (0lch)
set 7,a ~turn on the vid page
set 6,a ~turn off drives
res 0,a ;turn off drive a light
res l,a ~turn off drive b light
out (0lch) ,a
·, ld hl,3000h ; beginning 0 f the vid page
ld (hl), 'H'
ld de, 3000h+l
ld bc,3*1024 ~hCM many
ldir
n<::M vid page filled with H
ld hl,msgl
ld de, 03580h ~line 12
ld bc,80
ldir
ld hl,msg2
ld de, 03600h ;line 13
ld bc,80
ldir
7--5
7.4 ALIQI.tW! LISTING (cam:JD2)
lcx>p:
call delay
call aon
call delay
call aoff
call delay
call bon
call delay
call mff
jp lcx>p
aon:
in a, (0Ich)
set 0,a
out (0Ich) ,a
ret
aoff:
in a, (0Ich)
res 0,a
out (0Ich) ,a
ret
ron:
in a, (0Ich)
set l,a
out (0Ich),a
ret
mff:
in a, (0Ich)
res l,a
out (01ch) ,a
ret
delay:
ld be,2
delay0:
ld hl,0
delayl:
dec hI
Id a,h
or I
jp nz,deiayl
dec be
Id a,b
or c
jp nz,delay0
ret
7-6
7.4 ALIai.MAC LISTING (CQlJ.'IN(B)
'12345678901234567890123456789012
msgl: defb
defb KAY','P' OR 080H,'R' OR 080H,'O II
defb
msg2: defb
defb , crt ad','j' or 080h,'u' or 080h,'stment '
defb
last:
defb 0,0,0
end start
7-7
7.5 eRr ASSIlMB[X' RfID1AL. (EXCEPT BaIlE)
1. Turn off the nachine an:'i disconnect the AC poNer (5.1).
2. Ratove the chassis hood (5.1).
3. Ratove the nai.n}:x)ard ( 6. 7) •
4. Remove the :fOur screws that connect the video PCB an:'i the bottom of the
chassis. This should be done from the outside, bottom of the chassis, not
~ inside the machine.
5. Rercove the video connector from the back of the video PCB.
6. Remove the. :fOur screws that connect the CRl' to the froot of the
machine chassis.
7. Rercove the CRI' assE!IIIDly :fran the chassis.
8. Remove the jOur plastic stando ffs from the CRl' PCB. These can be used on
the new CRI' PCB.
*** Note: Be:fOre starting with CRI' installation, check to see if the small
plastic starXioffs are attached to the bottom of the CRl' PCB. If they are
not attached, use the ones from the old board.
1. IDwer the CRr assembly into the chassis.
2. Position the CRI' so that the top mounting holes are aligned with the t\'JO
metal stando ffs on the chassis.
3. Insert screws through the top two mounting holes on the CRI' and into the
standoffs, but do not tighten.
4. Insert screws through the bottom two mounting holes on the CRI' and into
the stando ffs. Tighten these two screws an:'i the top two screws.
5. Ibld the CRI' PCB in place an:'i tilt the machine up so that it is sitting
on the cord wraps.
6. Align the plastic stando ffs on the PCB with the holes in the bottom 0 f
the chassis.
7. Insert the jOur screws and tighten securely.
8. Replace the video connector on the back of the video PCB.
7-8
8.fJ PQiER SUPPLIES
Kaypro is using three di fferent brands 0 f power supplies at the present time.
These are Astec, Boschert, and Cal D.C. These three power supplies are
interchangeable with any of the Kaypro computers, if the power supply being
changed is a new one :from the factory.
*** EXCISPtIQ] ***

I f a power supply is removed :from a 2/83 or a 4/83, and it's going to be used
in another computer, it MUsr be used in a 2/83 or 4/83. The power supplies
used in 2/83 and 4/83 computers are not interchar¥3eable with other Kaypro
ccmputers.
********
There are no authorized dealer repairs that can be made on aIr:! of the power
supplies. The ONLY authorized dealer service to power supplies is 220V
configuration. Each brand of power supply can be configured fOr 220V
operation.
8-1
Two fuses are associated with each of the p::>Wer supplies. (he fuse (2 amp)iS'\
mounted on the rear of the chassis am accessible from outside the computer.
']he other fuse (2.5 amp) is mounted directly on the p::>Wer supply board.
Disconnect AC p::>Wer from the computer whenever replacin; :fuses. Be especially

careful when replacin; the fuse on the p::>Wer supply board. Use of a fuse
replacement tool is reoommended due to the di fficul ty of reachin; this
CXlUpollent.
22JlN catPIGlRATIQI
Identified by a beige board with a white label on the right of the compalent
side. '!he label will have the name AS'I'OC, :fOllowed by a model number, and the
output voltages.
IDeate the white shorting block labelled TB2. . I f the board is con figured :fOr
ll~, a pin will be visible on the right of the shortin; block.
Remove the shorting block and shift:. it to the right so that it ex>vers the pin.
A different pin should now be exposed on the left of the shorting block. '!he
p::>Wer supply is roll configured :fOr 22~ use.
8-2
Identified by the word "Boschert" 00 the cornpcnent side of the board at lower
right and above the. fuse and capacitor C2.
IDeate a six-inch wire that is soldered to point JPl. If the .board is

coofigured fbr llfiW, the other end of the wire is attached to point El
(labelled llfiW).
Unplug the wire fran point El and plug it into point E2 (labelled 22fiW).
IUint E2 is to the left. of point El. '!he power sUWly is now configured fOr
220V use.
Connector Wire
8-3
Cal D.C. IU.Jer &4Ply
Identified by a bright blue circuit board. A white sticker with "califOrnia

DC", model, and serial number is located on solder side of board.
'!here are two ceramic power resistors in the upper right-hand oomer of the
board. These resistors get quite hot durin3 operation. Wirin3 should be tied
down MNAY FRCM 'lHESE CCMPCNENTS.
locate a jumper block labelled llSVAC and 230VAC. With the jumper in the
11SVAC position the board is configured :fOr 110\1.
Remove the jumper from the socket labelled llSVAC and replace it in the socket
labelled 23evAC. The power sUR>ly is nt::M configured :fOr 220\1 use.
CALIFORNIA DC POWER SUPPLY
J Sockets
9-4
8.3 POmR SUPPLY REMOI7AL
1. Tum off the machine and discormect the H:. pc:wer (5.1).
2. Renove the chassis hood (5.1).
3. Renove the main1:x>ard ( 6. 7) •
4. Remove the :fOur screws that connect the fX)Wer supply and the back of the
chassis. These are easier to remove from outside the back 0 f the chassis
than from inside the machine.
5. Renove the power plug fran the power supply.

-
6. Rstove the tie wraps fran the plastic stando ffs.
7. Renove the power supply.
1. Fbsition the power supply inside the chassis so that the :fOur plastic
standoffs are aligned with the :fOur mount.in; holes in the chassis. Be
certain that the power connector is on the side nearest the drives.
2. Place the tie wraps on the plastic standoffs.
3. Insert :fOur screws through the rear of the chassis and into the plastic'
standoffs of the power supply.
4. Tighten the screws securely.
5. Replace the power cormector.
6. Replace the main1:x>ard ( 6. 7) •
7. Replace the chassis hood (5.1).
8-5
9.e DISKErl'E IIUVES
9.1 INl'RCDrl'ICN
All diskette drive types (except the high~ensity drives in the RCBIE and 4X)
are flmctionally interchCID3'eable between manufacturers.
Because of the number of manufacturers from which Kaypro gets its diskette
drives, no attempt is made in this manual to show alignment procedures fur
each of the drives. If you have access to a drive manual fur a particular
model, and have the Dysan Alignment Diskette (Dysan's part number: 224/2A)
the knowledge, and an oscilloscope, go ahead and align away. Kaypro
Corporation's policy is to do no repairs on these components.
Ibwever, since the company recognizes the fact that many customers want a
KAYFRO computer in which both drives have the same outward appearance, we
provide a guide fur determining models of diskette drives from the placement
of the LED and the drive door closure.
This section also contains diagrams and instructions on jumpering the various
models of diskette drives to be used as either A or B (or, in the case of the
KAYFRO 10, C) drive.
DISK IIUVE CLFANING
Generally speaking the majority of people clean disk drives too often. l.hless
the environment is especially dusty or dirty, under commercial use there is 00
reason to clean the drives more than twice a year.
Use care in selecting a cleaning kit. Many of the drive head cleaning kits on
the market are very abrasive. Cleaning is done by the liquid solution, not by
mechanical scrubbing.
***NorE*** '!he manufacturer (Drivetec) of the high~ensity drives in the

RCBIE, and 4X recommends only fbur brands of head-cleaning kits fur their
drives. '!he letter from Drivetec states:
liTHE FCLLCWING CLEANING DISKS HAVE BEEN EVALUATED

AND ARE ROCG1MENDED FCR USAGE CN THE DRIVEl'EC DISK
DRIVE WHEN HFAD CLEANING IS DEEMED N&:ESSARY:
1) SCorcH #7440
2) HFAD CCMPUI'ER PRCDUCl'S 5 1/4 CLEANING DISK
3) P~ DATA 5 1/4 CLEANING DISK
4) FLOPPICLENE 5 1/4 CLEANING DISK"
Re fer to the symptam- fix guide fur troublesh::x:>ting hints relative to the flowy
drives, the Winchester hard disk, and the Drivetec (high~ensity) drives.
9-1
9.2 tiBIQI BlWID (F IIUVE IS IT?
'nle fullowing figures represent the face plates of the different brands of
hal f-height floppy drives that are used in Kaypro computers. The drive dcx:>r
closure and the LED position can be used to re ference the drive.
Fig. 9.1, TANDCN Hal f-Height
Fig. 9.2, EPSCN
II II a:::a
~ ~
Fig. 9.3, SHUGART
9-2
Fig. 9. 4, 'l'(J{YO ELEXmUC
'-
c I~~~ 'I I
•
·1
I
[ ~
Fig. 9.5, TOSHIBA
OJ
I( D
@
Fig. 9.6, HI-TEXli
0 r
•
II I
@
9-3
Fig. 9.7, DRIVETEC
I· .I
Fig. 9.8, TANIXN Full-Height
I I
9-4
9.3 JI.HIIBlUriG DDGW6
Figure 9.8 '1N!IIXII

Tandon diskette drive Used a1l.y on KAYPRO 10, Pins 2 am 15 on U19
are jumpered and a 470-Ohm terminatin;J resistor
RPll pack is inserted in RPll.
Figure 9.9
Epsan diskette drive
EPfDl
Next to the connector for the data cable is a
black plug with ten pins. These pins are
jumpered to chan.:re the configuration of the
drive. They are MX, 0, 1, 2, 3.
KAYPRO 10: '!he two pins in the "0" IX>sition

should be jumpered am a 470-0hm terminating
resistor inserted in RAl.
A DRIVE: Jumper the two pins in the

"0" position. No terminating
resistor is needed.
B DRIVE: Jumper the two pins in the "l"

IX>sition. Insert a 470-0hm terminating
resistor into RAl.
9-5
Figure 9.10
Shugart diskette drive
Jumper option
SEImR1"
Next to the connector for the data cable is a
blue plug with eleven pins. These pins are I,
2, 3, 4, MX. .
KAYPRO 10: Jumper the two pins in the "1"

position. In the "MX" position, there are
three pins. Jumper the one in the center and
the one on the left of it. Insert a 470-0lun
terminating resistor into RPI.
A DRIVE: Jumper the two pins in the "I"

position. In the "MX" position, jumper the pin
in the center and the pin on the left of it.
:No terminating resistor is necessary.
B DRIVE: Jumper the two pins in the "2"

position. In the "MX" position, jumper the pin
in the center and the pin on the left of it.
Insert a 4 70~ terminating resistor into RPI.
Figure 9.11
Tokyo Electric
diskette drive
'IaaO~C
RAll Next to the connector for the data cable is a
blue plug with ten pins. 'lhese pins are 000,
DSl, DS2, DS3, MX.
KAYPRO 10: Jumper the two pins in the "DS0"

position. Insert a 470-0hm terminating
resistor into RAIl.
A DRIVE: Jumper the two pins in the "DS0"

position. :No terminating resistor is
necessary.
B DRIVE: Jumper the two pins in the "DSl"

position. Insert a 470-0hm terminating
resistor into RAll.
9-6
Figure 9.12
TbShiba diskette drive
Jumper option
~
Next to the connector fbr the data cable is a
black plug with sixteen pins. These are 1, 2,
3, 4, LI, LD, HD, HM. Next to· the black plug,
is a 470-<>hm terminating resistor with the
letters "DM" to the left of it. locate this
resistor. (h the other side of the resistor is
another black plug. This plug has the letters
"RM" to the left of it and the letters "PJ5" to
the right of it. It has sixteen pins. For the
terminating resistor to function, all pins must
be jumpered EXCEPT' the two next to the letters
"RM". When the resistor is oot needed, none of
the pins should be jumpered.
KAYPRO 10: Jumper the two pins in the "1"

position, the two pins in the "LO" position,
and the two pins in the "HM" position. The
terminating resistor is needed.
A DRIVE: Jumper the two pins in the "1"

terminating resistor is not needed.
B DRIVE: Jumper the two pins in the "2"

terminating resistor is needed.
9-7
Figure 9.13
Hi-Tech diskette drive
Junper option
m-'HDI
RPl Next to the connector fur the data cable is a
black plug with eight pins. These pins are
DS0, DSl, DS2, DS3.
KAYPRO 10: Jumper the two pins in the "DS0"

J;Osition. Insert a 470-cihm SIP teJ;'Il\inating
resistor into RPl.
A-DRIVE: Jumper the two pins in the "DS0"

position. No terminating resistor is
necessary.
B-DRIVE: Jumper the two pins in the "DSl"

J;Osition. Insert a 470-0hm terminating
resistor into RPl.
Figure 9.14 TANIXN

Tandon fUll-height Used only in KAYPRO 2 AND KAYPRO 4.
diskette drive
A DRIVE: Pins 1-14 and 2-13 should be jurnpered
cpt.ion shunt IE in option shunt block IE.
B DRIVE: Pins 1-14 and 3-12 should be jumpered

in option shunt block IE. Insert a 470-cihm
terminating resistor into socket 2F.
9-8
9.4 BI<B-IB1Sl'lY (ImVJmr!) DUVIS
'lhe high-density diskette drives are currently being offered in the KAYPRO
RCBIE, and KAYPRO 4X- 'lhese are 5-1/4 inch, double-sided drives with 192
tracks per inch. Fach drive has 16g cylinders with a total of 32g tracks
and a 1brmatted storage capacity of 2.6 megabytes.
'lhe diskettes used with the high-density drives MUsr be pre-:1brmatted 17

sector, 192 TPI diskettes.
Next to the oonnector 1br the data cable is a drive select switch- 001
through D54. .
A DRIVE: 001 should be in the "on" ·position. All other switches should be in
the "off' position.
DRIVE: 002 should be in the "on" position. All other switches should be in
the "off' position.
Drive select switch
9-9
18.8 HMO DISK lBIV!S (DYPRO 18)
Kaypro Corporation uses hard disk drives from a number on different

manufacturers. As with the diskette drives, all models of hard disk drives
are :functionally interchangeable.
No adjustments are meant to be made by dealers (or are made by Kaypro

technicians, :fOr that matter) on these hard drives. And, since recovering
in:fbrmation from a hard disk which has "crashed" requires a clean room, I'X)
direct.ioo.s :fOr per:fbrming such an operation are incl1.~ed in this manual. Be
aware that true head crashes are very rare occurrences, however-most hard
disk problems can be corrected without the need to replace the drive itself.
(See the symptom-fix guide.) We cannot stress strongly enough that dealers
instruct their customers to ALWAYS back up their data while working on a hard
disk. In many cases NOl'HING can be done about the loss of data in a hard-
drive failure.
10-1
1.8.2 liB::RIPrI<N
'!he hard disk drives used in the KAYFRO 10 are irrlustry standard, 5-1/4 inch
half-height drives offering Winchester. technology. This technology includes
sealeq. media am drive heads, with an air filtration system that prevents
contaminatioo. Since the drives are sealed, there are no dealer serviceable
. components 00 the drive. '!be ooly authorized dealer service to the hard disk
drives is drive configuration.· .
10-2
Figure UJ.1 'Ihere are t1NO types of drive
Microscience selection switch banks available
9 Ibsition SWitch 00 Microscience drives. Qle type
has nine (9) switches and ate type
has ten (10) switches. 'Ihese switches
are located 00 the drive PCB next to
the poNer plug.
9 POSITICN SWI'lOi: Pins 1, 2, and

4 should be in the "up" positioo ..
Figure 10.2 10 POSITICN SWI'lOi: Pins 1, 3, 4,

Microscience and 10 should be in the up
10 Ibsitioo SWitch positial.
Refer to Figures 10.1 and 10.2

fur Microscience drive
oonfiguration. :~
Figure 10.3 Next to the oonnector fur the data

Seagate Hard Drive cable, is a 16 pin optioo shunt
block. Pins 7 and 10 soould be
cptioo shunt block jurrpered.
Refer to figure 10.3 fur Seagate

drive configuratioo.
10-3
For all hard drives and all diskette drives used in KAYFRO 10 computers.
Note: If the KAYFRO 10 has an Epson or 'Ibkyo Electric

diskette drive, it will be necessary to tilt the drive unit
at an angle while removing or installing the drive. Re fer
to section 9.2 to determine the brand of drive.
Note: As you remove the cables on the KAYPRO 10, it's a good
idea to label them. This will insure that they get replaced"
correctly. Also, the end of the data cable that has a
different color wire (usually red) goes to pin #1 on the
connector.
1. Turn off the machine and disoonnect the AC pcMer (5.1).
2. Remove the chassis hood (5.1).
3. Remove the two diagonal braces from the right side 0 f the chassis.
4. Tilt the machine up so that the front of the machine is sitting on the
work sur face and parallel to the floor.
5. Remove the six screws from the bottom of the chassis that "are under the
drives. Set the machine back down.
6. Remove the ribbon cables fran the mainboard.
7. Slide entire drive shield unit slightly to the rear, to make room fur
the face of the floppy to clear the opening.
8. Lift. entire drive shield unit slightly and slide out the side of the
chassis.
1. Remove the ribbon cables, power plug and "the ground wire from the back of
the drive (hard drive or flOFPY). Label these.
2. Remove the two screws that attach the bottom of the drive to the drive
shield (hard drive or flomr).
3. Renove the two screws that attach the top of the drive to the .drive
shield.
4. Slide drive out through the front of the drive shield.
10-4
1. Configure the new drive. Refer to page 10-3 for the hard drive, pages
9-5 to 9-7 for the floppy drive.
2. Slide the drive into the shield so that the mounting holes in the drive
are aligned with tb::>se in the shield.
3. Insert two screws through the top of the shield am. into the mounting
holes of the drive.
4. Tighten these securely.
5. Insert two screws through the bottom of the shield and into the mounting
holes of the drive.
6. Tighten these securely.
7. Replace the ribbon cable ( s), power plug and ground wire.
8. Slide the entire drive shield unit into the chassis.
9. Align the mounting holes in the drive shield with those in the chassis.
10. Insert the six screws through the mountin3 holes am. tighten securely.
11. Replace the two diagonal braces.
12. Replace the ribbon cab1e(s) on the main1x>ard.
13. Replace the chassis hood..
10-5
11.1 IESICklPl'l<B
'!he hard disk OCXltroller board used in the KAYPRO UJ is a Western Digital
board, and is not dealer-serviceab1e.
11-1
11.2 RFl!I:NAL/INSTAUATICN 1NS'l'm£l'I0lIS
L Turn off the ma.chine and disconnect AC power (5.1).
2. Remove chassis hood (5.1).
3. Remove the two diag:>nal braces from the right side of the machine.
4. Remove the p::>wer plug and the three ribbcn cables from the hard disk
controller 1:x:>ard. Label these to insure correct replacement.
5. Remove the three screws that attach the hard disk controller board and. the
dri ve shield.
6. Remove the board.
1. Position the hard disk controller board so that the mounting holes in the
board are aligned with the holes in the drive shield.
2. Insert the three screws and tighten securely.
3. Replace the power plug and the three ribbon cables.
4. Replace the two diagonal braces.
5. Replace the chassis hood (5.1).
11-2
12.1 IE9':P.IPrIQI
'!be intermce board that is used on the KA'YPRO UJ is the intermce between the
mainboard and the hard drive controller board. This board is oot dealer
serviceable.
12-1
12.2 Dll'ERFACB BCIUt) RI!MOI1AL
1. Tum off the machine and disoonnect the AC parler (5.1).
2. Rstove the chassis hocxl (5.1).
3. Rstove the mai.n1::oard (6. 7) •
4. Rstove the bNo ribbon cables fran the interface board.
5. Remove the :£bur screws that attach the inter face board and the drive
shield.
6. Rstove the inter face board.
1. Ebsition the inter face board so that the mounting holes on

the board are aligned with the holes on the drive shield.
2. Insert :fOur screws and tighten securely.
3. Replace the t1tt1O ribbon cables.
4. Replace the mainboard (6.7).
5. Replace the chassis hocxl (5.1).
12-2
13.8 ~
'!he 76-key alpham,nneric, detachable keyboard is connected to the computer by a

fbur-wire cable and is pawered by +5 VDC through the cable. The CAPS LCX:K
indicator light allows a quick check 00 whether the keyboard is receiving
pJWeI'.
'!he impedance of the oonnecting cable can be a critical factor in proper

operatioo of the computer. Replacement of the standard cable with a phale
card can create mal:functioos in signal transmission to the computer. '!his is
because the wire in phc:.ne cords is too small: there1bre, the impedance over
the total length of the card can be too high 1br reliable operatioo.
Wire in the standard keyboard cable is 28-gage copper, and the cable len;t:h is
six feet. Should ~u desire a lalger keyboard cable, restrict the length to
not more than twelve feet, and use wire 00 smaller than 28 gauge.
Keyboanl Cable Pinouts
Pin 4 (Black) - Serial I):lta out (to keyboard), T1'L level.

Pin 3 (Red) - Ground
Pin 2 (Green) - Serial data in (:fran keyboard), Tl'L level.
Pin 1 (YellCM) - +5 VDC
13-1
1. 'l\lm off the nechine am discamect the AC pc:wer( 5.1) •
2. Remove the fuur screws securing the top chassis CCNer (two
on each side of the machine).
3. Remove the eight screws securing the bottom chassis CCNer

(1bur on each side of the machine).
4. Remove the two sections of the chassis cover from the

machine.
1. Place the lower chassis cover on the machine am align the

eight mounting holes with the mounting roles in the sides of the
machine.
2. Insert the eight screws into the mounting holes am tighten

securely.
3. Place the top chassis cover on the machine am align the

fuur mounting holes with the mounting holes in the sides of
the machine.
4. Insert the :£bur screws into the mounting holes am tighten

securely.
14-1
14.2 DISKErl'E IRIVE REMOVAL
1. Rarove the top chassis cover (5.1).
2. Remove the drive support unit from the chassis. '!here are
three screws in the froot and three screws in the rear.
3. Rarove the ribbon cable and the pcMer plugs fran the drives.
4. Lift the drive support unit (drives still attached) off the
chassis.
5. 'lb remove either drive from the drive support unit, turn the
unit over and remove the :fbur screws that attach the
specific drive to the support unit.
DlSKE'l'l1S J:tUVE REPIACEMmT
1. Align the drive mounting holes with the mounting holes in

the drive support unit.
2. Insert :fbur screws into the drive support unit and into the
drive. Tighten these screws securely.
3. Set the drive support unit on the chassis and align the
mounting holes in the support unit with those in the
chassis.
4. Insert three screws into the front mounting holes and three
screws into the rear mounting holes. Tighten these
securely.
5. Replace the rib1:on cable and the power plugs on the drives.
14-2
15." ~
'!he symptom-fix guide's infurmation is based on our experience repa1r1.Ilg

Kaypro computers. '!be guide is a summary of the records that Kaypro Repair
maintains on each computer received.
****************************
Fixes fur each problem noted are presented in descending order 0 f
occurrence.
****************************
15-1
15.2 IQMJR) 2 AND 4 ~ QJIIE
CXlNDITIOO POSSIBLE CAUSE ~ACTIOO
No power, no J?or.Ner cord not Check all cord connections

lights, no video plugge1 in
Fuse is blCJl.tll1 Replace fuse
Mainboard not getting Check harness connections: check

power for proper voltages: replace
either harness or pow'eI" supply
Defective mainboard Replace mainboard
Defective fuse holder Replace fuse holder
J?or.Ner switch shorte1 Replace pow'eI" switch

internally
PcMer supply jumpere1 Correct jumpering- on pc:7Ner supply

for wrong supply
Defective power supply Replace power supply
Defective harness Replace harness
Fuse blows \<\ihen Defective power supply Discormect all roodules fran pow'eI"
is turned
pow'eI" supply: replace power supply if
on fuse still blows
One rccdule has a Discormect all rccdules, replace

short fuse, and re-connect roodules, one
at a time, until fuse blows.
Replace that roodule
High-pitche1 One module is Unplug modules,one at a time,

squeal or "chirp" shorted fran the harness. Replace the
roodule whose unplugging causes the
noise to stop
15-2
RAYPBO 2 MD " SYMPT<M-PIX <m:IE (carr·D)
CCNDITICN P<ESIBLE CAUSE ROCCM1ENDED ACI'ICN
PcJ..ler LED flickers Shorted IOOdule Disoonnect IOOdules fran paNer, one
at a time, until LED stays on:
replace IOOdule Whose unplugging
caused LED to stay en.
Defective pc:Mer sug>ly Replace power supply
De fecti ve harness Replace harness
No video display, Brightness oot. Turn up brightness knob on rear 0 f

or poor quality adjusted chassis: adjust brightness pot on
display CRI' board, if necessary
CRr not 'connected Check all connections to eRr: be

sure plug on rear of eRr tube is
square
De fective CRr Replace eRr assembly
Defective power supply Replace power supply
video is on, but De fecti ve mainboard Replace mainboard

screen is filled
with "garbage" Reset harness shorted Check lugs of reset button fur
characters to chassis gro\.ll'ldin; to inside 0 f chassis
Defective reset harness Replace reset harness
15-3
IQ\YPRO 2 AND 4 SYMP1'<M-FIX <mlE (CCBT'D)
CCNDITICN P<ESIBLE CAUSE REXXM1ENDED ACTICN
"Raster" (hori- Brightness not adjusted Tum up brightness krx>b on back of

zental lines) on properly chassis: adjust brightness pot on
video CRl' board if necessary
loose camection :fran Clleck black plug fr:an. pawer supply

mainboard or power to CRl' board, 4-pin junper fran
supply main board to CRl' board: check that
plug on rear of CRl' tube is square
Strange video Short in brightness- Clleck fur shorts between wires in

inage adjusting knob rear of brightness-adjust:ID;J knob
De fective mainboard Replace mainboard
Miss:ID;J characters De fecti ve nain1::x:>ard Replace rcainboard -

on video display
De fective CRl' Replace CRl' assembly
Will not boot Defective diskette Change diskettes
Diskette has no system Change diskettes: use a diskette

inage with a kna.o1n good system inage
WroD.:J CP/M :fOr nodel Check that you I re not try:ID;J to

of nachine boot a KP 2 with a KP 4 CP/M
(KP 4 WIIL boot a KP 2 CP/M)
De fecti ve drive B Unplug data cable :fran drive B,

and reset machine: if it boots,
replace drive B
De fecti ve nain1::x:>ard Replace mainboard
Defective drive A Replace drive A
Defective data cable Replace data cable
15-4
IQMJRO 2 AND 4 S!MPl'<H-FIX mIlE (carr'D)
CCNDITICN P<SSIBLE CAUSE
Both drive LEDs Problem on poNer-uP Reset nachine

are on, won It
l::x:lOt Diskette has no CP1M Try knoNn good sysgenned diskette
De fecti ve mainboard Replace mainboard
Select jumpers on Oleck select jumpers

drives incorrect
Drive A LED only Drive select jumperil'l3 Ol.eck jl1l'lpE!ring on drive A

on during reset inoorrect
No LED on drive A Data cable poorly Ol.eck all oonnections on data

at any time ronnected cable
De fecti ve data cable Replace data cable
De fecti ve drive A Replace drive A
Canputer l::x:lOts Defective diskette Try 'krlaNn good, sysgenned diskette

CP1M, but no A>
prarpt appears De fecti ve nainboard Replace mainboard
Rattling sound De fecti ve drive Replace the diskette drive

fran drive When
accessing De fective mainboard Replace nainboard
15-5
:KAYPRO 2 MD 4 SY.MP'l'QI--FIX QJIIE (CCJtl'DIJI!i)
CCNDITICN P<SSIBLE CAUSE
Drive will not Drive connectors loose Check all connectors on rear of
step throUJh all drive, esp. P12 (Tandon drives)
tracks on diskette
De fective .mainboard Replace nai.nboard
Defective drive Replace diskette drive
Errors 00 either Defective diskette Olange the diskette (i f problem is

drive duriB1 COPY on drive S, insert another blank
diskette 1 if 00 drive A, try to
CCJf1Y fran a nai master)
Defective disk drive Replace diskette drive
Defective mainboard Replace na.inboard .
No output to No pc::7tIer to printer Cleek that printer is plugged in,

parallel printer and selected
Poor cable connection Check all cable connections fran

OCI'Iplter to printer
Printer is assigned Use STAT to assign printer device

as serial by &rAT as parallel, type:
STAT rsr :=LPl':
De fective nai.nboard Replace mainboard
No output to No pc:Mer to. printer Check that printer is plugged in

serial printer and selected
Poor cable connectioo Check all cable connections fran

cc:rrputer to printer: also check
serial port connector pins fur
contamination
Printer is assigned Use &rAT to assign printer device
as parallel by &rAT to seria11 type:
&rAT rsr: =Tl'Y:
15-6
KAYPRO 2 AND 4 SYMPr<M-FIX WIJE (CCNTINUED)
CCNDITICN PCESIBLE CAUSE REXXM-1ENDED ACTICN
No output to Baud rate 0 f printer Use CCNFIG to set bam rate fur
serial printer does not match baud serial port
(cont'd) rate of ccmputer
Defective poNer supply Clleck voltages (esp.-12 V) at

pc:7Ner s\.lFPly output: replace poNer
supply
De fective harness Check voltages (esp.-l2V) at main

board poNer connector; replace
harness
De fecti ve rnainboard Replace mainboard
No characters on De fecti ve keyl:x>ard Replace coil cord

video when keys coil cord
struck on keyboard
De fecti ve keyboard Replace keyboard
Keyboard connector on Check fur shorted contacts on

mainboard defective keyboard plug: esp. soldering to
main board
De fecti ve rnainboard Replace mainboard
Wrong characters De fecti ve keyl:x>ard Replace keyboard

or too rrany char-
acters appear when De fecti ve rnainboard Replace rnainboard (if ""'@"'@"'@"
a key is struck appears, replace 8116 Ie on main-
board)
15-7
15.3 KAYPRO UJ S!MPl'(M-FIX QJIJE
IMPORI'ANT N<JrE
********************
. 0::> not proceed with troubleshooting a Kaypro 10 until you veri f:l that the
computer has eprom number 81-302-x (installed at the factory), or has been
upgraded in the field with kit number 31-303 (consisting of eprom number
81-302-x, a modified interface board, and a utilities reload diskette.)
CCNDITICN PCSSIBlE CAUSE RECOf.JENDED ACI'ICN
No poNer, no PcMer cord not plugged Check all cord connections

lights, no video in
Fuse is blONn Replace fuse
Mainboard not gettin3 Check harness connections, then

poNer check fur proper voltages fran
p:Mer supply: replace either
harness or pc:1tIer sUpply
De fecti ve mainboard Replace rnainboard
De fecti ve fuse holder Replace fuse holder
PcMer switch shorted Replace power switch

internally
PcMer supply jl.Jl1?ered Correct j~ing on pc:1tIer supply

fur wroll3' supply
voltage
Defective poNer supply Check fur proper voltage output

at poNer supply harness connector;
replace poNer supply
Fuse b1CMS Yklen De fecti ve poNer supply Replace pc:1tIer supply

pc:1tIer turned on
(he m::xiule has a short Disconnect all m::xiules, replace
fuse, and re-connect ale by one
until fuse blows again: replace it
15~8
IQ\YPRO 18 S!MPTCM-PIX <DIIE (<nrr'D)
CCNDITICN PCESIBLE CAUSE REXXMo1ENDED ACl'ICN
High-pitched Qle ItDdule is shorted Unplug ItDdules, cne at a time,

squeal or "chirp" fran the harness. Replace the
upon pcMer~ nodule wlx>se unpluggin;J causes the
mise to stop.
Parler LED flickers Shorted nodule Disconnect ItDdules fran power ene
at a time until LED stays en:
replace nodule Whose unplugging
causes LED to stay en
Defective power s\lR>ly Replace pcMer supply
No video display, Brightness not Turn up brightness knob on rear of

or poor quality adjusted chassis: tum up brightness pot on
display CRl' board, if necessary
CRI' not connected Check all cormectiens to CRl':

ensure CRI' tube plug is square
De fective CRr Replace CRI' asserrbly
De fecti ve nainboard Replace mainboard
Defective pc7Ner supply Replace pc7Ner supply
Extra pixels on De fecti ve nainboard Replace nainboard

video
De fective CRl' Replace CRl' assembly
Inverse video De fecti ve mainboard Replace mainboard

only
De fecti ve CRl' Replace CRl' assembly
15-9
ICK!PRO UJ S!MP.rCM-I'IX QJDE (cnrr'D)
CCNDITICN PQ3SIBIE CAUSES REXXM1J!NDED ACTICN
No graphics 00 Danaged system image

video
Defective uainboard Replace uainboard
DefEctive CRl' Replace CRl' assembly
No video: drives Pcx>r cable cormectioo Check all cable connectioos, (esp.
running tol fran video harness plug)
Defective CRI' Replace CRl' assembly
Elstcn CRl': fuse Check continuity of pico-fuse on

. blown Elston video board (just above
connector) I~ open, replace
:pc:Mer
Hard drive bc:ots, De fecti ve system image Run Pl1l'SYS and PI:Jl'01L fran the
but no cursor 00 diskette drive, push RESEl'
video
Defective uainboard Replace nainboard
Diskette drive De fective system image Run GENFLPY on the diskette: push
bc:ots, but no· on diskette RESEr
cursor on video
Defective nainboard Replace mainboard
Defective drive Replace diskette drive
Diskette drive Diskette oot centered Rarove diskette, center diskette

\\1OIl 1 t boot: or in its jacket: try again
Boa; error 00
diskette drive No system image on Run GENFLPY 00 the diskette:
diskette push RESEr
De fecti ve diskette Try a known good diskette with a

known good system image
15-10
I<AYPRO UJ SYMP1'CM-FIX QJIIE (CQft'1 D)
C<NDITICN PCSSIBLE CAUSE REXXM1ENDED ACl'ICN
Diskette drive J:OOr cable connecticn Check all cable connections; esp.
\\IOn 1 t boot; or those to/ fran drives and the
BDCS errors oontroller board
No system irrage Run GENFLPY
Incorrect cable Veri~ that all cables are

orientation oriented properly
De fective rnainboard Replace mainboard
De fecti ve drive Replace diskette drive
Diskette drive Diskette off center Ensure that diskette is centered

\\1011 1 t :fOrmat a within its jacket
disk
Defective diskette Replace diskette drive
drive
Diskette drive has Ie fecti ve drive heads Replace diskette drive

BDCS errors or
\\IOn 1 t \\IOrk if wann De fecti ve mainboard Replace mainboard
Diskette drive Ie fecti ve diskette Replace diskette drive

makes a rattling drive
noise, and \\IOnlt
boot Ie fecti ve mainboard Replace rrainboard
High-pitched Ykline Ie fecti ve diskette Replace diskette drive

when diskette drive ( .. singiI'¥3'
drive runs heads" )
15-11
KAYPRO 10 SYMPl'(M-PIX <D.IIE (CQfrI D)
CCNDITICN PCESIBLE CAUSE REXXM1ENDED ACl'ICN
Hard drive will Machine not upgraded Veri fy installation 0 f epran

not b::lot: or b::lots mmber Sl-302-x (at the factory),
with "System Status or kit Sl-303: install if needed
02" ("Read Fault")
message Poor cable connection Check all cable connections
Incorrect cable Veri fy that all cables are

orientation oriented properly
System ima.ge degraded Boot on a disk in the diskette

drive: then log onto hard drive.
Run FINDBAD (or CHECK on cylinders
o and 1) if 00 errors are IDum,
run PUl'SYS and PlJI'cm..
De feeti ve controller Replace controller board

l:x>ard
Degraded fbrnat on Boot on a disk in the diskette

hard disk drive: run F<::H1AT on entire hard
drive; then run PUI'SYS and PlJI'cm..
De fecti ve hard drive Replace hard drive
Defective pcMer supply Replace power supply
Except in the case of an obvious head crash or brake assembly failure, ALWAYS
suspect other modules first when a de feet appears to be within the hard drive.
No output to No power to printer Check that printer is plugged in,


canputer to printer
Printer is assigned . Use STAT to assign printer device

as serial by STAT as parallel; type:
STAT r.sr: =LPT:
De fecti ve rnainlx>ard Replace mainlx>ard
15-12
I(AYlIR) 18 S'M'lUI-PIX QJDB (CDlr'D)
~ITICN PCSSIBLE CAUSE
No output to No power to printer Check that printer is plugged in

serial printer and selected .

CXl1IpUter to printer: also check
serial port connector pins for
oontamination

as parallel by. STAT to serial: type: .
STAT IST: =tTY:
Baud rate of printer Use CXNFIG to set baud rate for

~s not match baud serial port
rate of canputer
Defective power supply Check voltages (esp.-12 V) at

supply output: replace supply
Defective harness Check voltages (esp.-l2V) at main .

board power connector: replace
harness
Defective mainboard ReplaCe mainboard
15-13
15.4 I(AYIIK) lOUE SYMP.lOI-F.IX WIlE
o:::NDITION rossIBLE CAUSE RECCMMENDED ACTION
No p::>wer, no Power cord not Check all cord cormections

lights, no video plugged in
Fuse is blown Replace fuse
Mainboard rot getting Check harness cormections~ check

p::>wer for proper voltages: replace
either harness or p::>wer supply
Defective p::>wer supply Replace power supply
Fuse blows when Defective power supply Disconnect all roodules fran power
power is turned supply: replace power supply if
on fuse still blows
<Ale roodule has a Discormect all roodules, replace

short fuse, am re-cormect roodules, one
at a time, until fuse blows.
Replace that ItDdule
High-pitched <Ale module is Unplug modules, one at a time,

squeal or "chirp" shorted fran the harness. Replace the
roodule wb::>se lmpluggiD3' causes the
noise to stop
No video display Brightness not Turn up brightness knob on rear of

adjusted chassis: turn up brightness pot on
CRl' board, if necessary
CRI' not connected Check all cormections to CRl': be

sure plug on rear of CRl' tube is
square
15-14
IQ\YPR) lUllE SYMPl'C.M--F1X QJDE (CXB·T.)
CCNDITION R)SSIBLE CAUSE
No video display ~fective CRT Replace CRT assembly
~fective mainboard Replace mainboard
~fective pcMer supply Replace pcMer supply
~fective harness Replace harness
Video is on, but ~fective mainboard Replace mainboard

screen is filled
with "garbage" Reset harness shorted O1.eck lugs of reset button for
characters to chassis grourrling to inside of chassis
~fective reset harness Replace reset harness
"Raster" (lDri- Brightness not adjusted Tum up brightness krx>b on back of

zontal lines) on properly chassis; adjust brightness pot on
video CRT board if necessary
loose connection fran Check black plug fran porNer supply

mainboard or IXJWer to CRT board, 4-pin j~ fran
supply mainboard to CRT board; check that
plug on rear of CRT tube is square
Strange video ~fective mainboard Replace mainboard

image
Missing characters ~fective mainboard Replace mainboard

on video display
Will not boot ~fective diskette Ch.ange diskettes
Diskette has no system Olange diskettes; use a diskette

image with a known good system image
Wrong diskette for ROBIE will only boot on 17 sector,

nodel of machine 192 TPI diskettes
~fecti ve drive B Unplug data cable fran drive 8,

and reset machine; if it boots,
replace B drive
15-15
KAYPRO lQIE S!MPl'04-PIX <mm (car'T.)
CCNDITICN PCSSIBLE CAUSE REX::XM1ENDED ACl'ICN
Will not bc:ot. De fective mainboard Replace mainboard
De fective drive A Replace drive A
Both drive IEDs Problem on pc::Mer-uP Reset machine

are 00, tNCnlt
bc:ot. Diskette has 00 CP/M Try known good sysgenned diskette
Select jmpers 00 Clleck select jmpers

drives incorrect
Drive A LED ally Drive select junper~ Check junperiD3 00 drive A

on during reset incorrect
No LED on drive A Data cable p:x:>rly Check all connectioos on data

at any time connected cable
De fective data cable Replace data cable
De fecti ve drive A Replace drive A
Canputer boots De fective diskette Try known good, sysgenned diskette

CP/M, but 00
master menu De fective drive A Replace drive A
appears
De fective rnainboard Replace mainboard
Rattling sound Defective drive Replace the diskette drive

fran driva When
accessing Defective rnainboard Replace mainboard
15-16
I<AYPRO RCBIE SM'1'CM-FIX GJDE (CCNT ' D. )
CCNDITICN PCSSIBLE CAUSE ROCCMQDED ACI'ICN
Drive will not Drive connectors loose Cheek all connectors on rear of
step through all drive
tracks on diskette
De fecti ve nainboard Replace nainboard
De fective drive Replace diskette drive
De fecti ve data cable Replace data cable
Errors on either Defective diskette Olange the diskette (i f problem is

drive durin; CCPY on drive B, insert another blank
diskette: if 'on drive A, try to
copy fran a new naster)
Defective disk drive Replace diskette drive
De fective ma.inboard Replace mainboard
No output to No pcwer to printer Cheek that printer is plugged in,

Poor cable connection Cleek all cable connections fran

canputer to printer

as serial by STAT as parallel, type:
STAT rsr: =LPI':
De fective nainboard Replace nain1::oard
No output tb No po.ver to printer Cheek that printer is plugged in

serial printer and selected
Poor cable connection Cheek all cable connections fran

canputer to printer: also cheek
serial port connector pins fbr
contamination
15-17
CCNDITICN PCSSIBLE CAUSE REXXMIDIDED ACTICN
No output to Printer is assigned Use &rAT to assign printer device

serial printer as parallel by STAT to serial: type:
(cent'd) STAT I.ST:~:
Baoo rate of printer Use CCNFIG to set baoo rate fur

does not match baoo serial port
rate of c:xJtpUter
Defective pc7tIeI' supply Cleek voltages (esp.-l2 V) at

~er supply output: replace poNer
sUpply
De fective harness Cheek voltages (esp.-l2V) at main

1:oard poNer connector: replace
harness
No characters en De fective keyboard Replace coil cord

video when keys coil cord
struck en keyboard
Defective keyboard Replace keyboard
Keyboard connector en Cheek fur soorted contacts en

mainboard defective keyboard plug: esp. soldering to
main board
Wrong characters De fective keyboard Replace keyboard
15-18
15.5 KAYPRO 2/84 AND KAYPRO 2X SYMP'J.'<H--FIX WIlE
See KAYPRO 2 AND 4 SYMPI'G1-FIX GUIDE fur the 2/84. '!he problems and
solutioos will oot be di fferent.
For troubleshooting infurmation on the KAYPRO 2X, see the KAYPRO 2 AND 4
SYMPI'CM-FIX GUIDE fur all problems.
15-19
15.6 KAYPRO 4X S!MPl'<M-PIX QJllE
For help in troubleshooting the KAYPRO .4X, see the KAYPRO RCBIE SYMPr'CM-FIX
GUIDE.
l5-W
16.1iiJ ICAYPRO SYSTIH I/O
16.1 VIIB> <XJMAND PR01'OC<L
'!he Kaypro video section was originally designed to imitate most of the
control sequences of a lear-Siegler ADM-3A terminal. For most commercial
software, this meant that you could "install" or customize the display
characteristics by choosin; AOM-3A from the menu.
'!he arove is no longer true fOr the current Kaypro line. '!he ~e to
graphics and the di fferences in cursor control keys caused the charr;e.
For custom software or those instances where there is no choice of IADM-3A"

on the menu, the complete command protocol :fOr the KAYPRO 2, 4, or 10 is:
VE9SICB 2.2F vm5ICB 2.2G

AND LQiER
Action Dec Hex Dec Hex
Ring Bell 'lJ7 07

Cursor left (non-destructive) 00 00 19 13
Cursor Right 12 OC 04 04
Cursor D.:::1tm 10 0A 24 18
Cursor Up 11 lim 05 05
Erase to end of screen 23 17
Erase to end of line 24 18 Remaining cx:xies
Clear screen, bane cursor 26 lA are the same as in
Ibne cursor 30 IE 2. 2G (and lONer).
ESCape Sequences
Insert line ESCape,R

Delete line ESCape,E
Cursor address ESCape,=,row+32,col+32
16-1
* Additionally, the :fi::>llowing codes apply to: KAYPRO 2/84, 2X, 4/84, 4X, 10,
and RCBIE (KAYPRO computers with graphics capability):
Reverse video start ESCape,B,0

Reverse video stop ~-ape,C,0
Half intensity start ESCape,B, 1
Hal f intensity stop ESCape,C,l
Blinking start ESCape,B,2
Blinking stop ESCape,C,2
Underline start ESCape,B,3
Underline stop ESCape,C,3
Cursor on ESCape,B,4
Cursor off ESCape,C,4
Video node on ESCape,B,S
Video node off ESCape,C,S
Remember current cursor
position ESCape,B, 6
Return to last rerctertIDare1
cursor position ESCape,C,6
Status line preservation on ESCape,B,7
Status line preservation off ESCape,C,7
Set pixel ESCape, * , VI, HI
Clear pixel ESCape, , VI, HI
Set line ESCape,L,VI,HI,V2,H2
Delete line ESCape,D,Vl,HI,V2,H2
16-2
16.2 KEmCNI> cae; AND !'tEl'IQ1S
Control key :functions in CP/M:
DEL Delete and echo the last character typed at the

console (same as rubout).
CP/M system reboot (wann start).
Physical, not logical, end of line. Carriage is

returned, but line is not sent until REl'Um key it;!·
pressed.
Bell: soums an aooible bell (fran keyboard).
Cl'RL-H Backspace: llOVe cursor left one character position.
CI'RL-I lbrizontal tab, llOVes cursor to the next defined tab

stop. ( CP/M assumes· tab stops at every 8th I,X)sition.
Line feed: llOVe cursor dc7.rm one line.
Carriage return: return cursor to left margin.
CI'RL-R Retype current command line. Types a "clean line"

fbi lowing character deletion with rubout$,
CI'RL-U Delete the entire line typed at the console.
CI'RL-X Same as CI'RL-U.
SEE ALSO: ASCII character chart, Section 17.1.
16-3
16.3 ~ PIN-<l1l'S
'!his section contains drawings of the pin assignments on various output

fX)rts on Kaypro computers, intended as an aid in building printer cables and
in troubleshooting problems with peripherals.
16--4
CDII1l!Cl'(B Pm-aJl'S, IQ\YPK) 2/83 MD IQ\YPK) 4/83
PARAIU:L RUIft'ER RRl': J2
STROBE 1 19
(LSB) DATA 0 2 20
I:V\TA 1 3 21
DATA 2 4 22
I:V\TA 3 5 23
DATA 4 6 24
I:V\TA 5 7 25 GROUND
I:V\TA 6 8 26
(MSB) I:V\TA 7 9 27
N/C 10 28
BUSY (IN) 11 29
12 30
13 31
N/C N/C
14 32
15 33 GROOND
16 34
GROUND
17 35 N/C
N/C 18 36
'lbp of connector Bottan of connector
Note that the BUSY line is read by the KAYPRO as active when it's
disconnected (no cable). The computer will han;J if you attempt to print to
an unconnected parallel printer.
16-5
IQ\YPR) 2/83 AND lO\YPK).4/83 REmQMID~ (J3)
TxD 4 2 RxD
GND 3 1 +5V
IQMJR) 2/83 AND I<AYPRO 4/83 SERIAL rom' (RS232C - J4)
GROUND 1
14
TxD 2
15
. RxD 3
16
4
17
crs S
18
6
19
GROUND 7
20
8
21
9
22
10
23 N/C
N/C 11
24
12
25
13
Bottan of connector
Top of connector
16-6
~ 18 MJIBot P(Rl' (J3)
GROUND 1
14
TxD 2
15
RxD 3
16
RI'S 4
17
crs 5
18
+5V 6
19
GROUND 7
20 DI'R
r:x:o 8
21
9
22
10
23
11
24
12
25
13
Bottan of cormector
Top of cormector
I<AYPRO UJ I<Em:»\RD ~ (J5)
The pin-out for this connector is the same as J3 on the KAYPRO 2/83
and I<AYP:ro 4/83.See page 16-6.
IQ\YPR) UJ PARAUBL PRDll'ER ~ (J6)
The pin-out for this cormector is the same as J2 on the KAYPRO 2/83
and KAYPRO 4/83. See P=lge 16-5.
16-7
KAYPID 18 SERIAL PRII!llm Fan'(RS232C - J4)
GRaND 1
14
RxD 2
15
TxD 3
16
4
17
5
18
6
19
GROUND 7
20 crs
8
21
9
22
10
23 N/C
11
24
12
25
13
Botton of cormector
'Ibp of cormector
16-7.1
The pin-out for this connector is the same as J3 on the KAYPRO 2/83
and KAYFro 4/83. See page 16--6.
I<AYPBO 2/84. 2X, 4/84. 4X AND lQ3IB SERIAL :flAm aJAR!1EL (J4)
The pin-out for this connector is the same as J4 00 the KAYFro 2/83
and KAYPRO 4/83. See page 16-6. .
I<AYPBO 2/84. 2X. 4/84. 4X AND ROOIB SERIAL PRllllm ~l'CR (J3)
GroUND 1
14
RxD 2
15
TxD 3
16
4
17
N/C 5
18
6
19
GROUND 7
2121 Cl'S
8
21
9
22
1121
23 N/C
N/C 11
24
12
25
13
16--8
I<AYPRO 2/84, 2X, 4/84, 4X AND RCBIE PARAI.UL PRlNl'ER ~ (J5)
PSTRCB 1 19
00 2 20
Dl 3 21
D2 4 22
D3 5 23
D4 6 24
D5 7 25
D6 8 26 GRaJND
D7 9 27
10 28
11 29
12 30
13 31
14 32
15 33
GRaJND 16 34 GRaJND
17 35
SPARE 18 36
I<AYPRO 4/84, 4X AND RCBIE M<lJEM cnmr:rcR (J6)
Note that this is Nor cormected on the 2/84 and 2X.
N/C 1
2 N/C
TIP (Green) 3
4 RING (Red)
N/C 5
6 N/C
16-9
16.4 I/O PCRl' AlDkSSPS
'!he port addresses belaN apply to KAYPRO 2/83 and 4/83 carputers.
Port # Use and/or Assignment

------------------------------------
Baud Rate (write only) - Writing a number between 0 and F hex
(see baud rate table) to this port sets the RS-232C baud
rate.
04 RS-232C Serial rata (R/W) - rata regisl=-er of the z-80 SIo.

Refer to Zilog/Mostek Microcomputer Data books :fOr :further
in£Onnation.
05 Keyboard rata (R/W) - Eight-bit data from detachable

keyboard.
06 RS-232C Status (R/W) - <X>ntrol/ status port £Or the z-80 SIo.
Refer to Zilog/Mostek Microcomputer Data books fur :further
in :fOnnation.
08 Printer Port (write only) - Eight-bit data to parallel

printer COIUlector.
lC System Port (R/W) - '!his port is used :fOr system control.

The various bits are used :fOr memory bank selection, disk
drive control, and printer handshaking.
The serial output is an 8-bit word with one start, one stop, and no parity.
Examples:
* Received character available is obtained by testing bit 0 of the status

port. Olaracter is available if this bit is high (a 1 rather than 0).
* Transmit Buffer Empty is obtained by testing bit 2 of the status port.

Buffer is empty when bit 2 is high (1).
Manuals on the Z-80 CPU, Z-80 PIO, Z-80 SIO are available from the ZIr.oo
sales offi..ce nearest to you. Western Digital can sell you a copy of the
manual :fOr the Floppy Disk Controller. Re fer to Re ference Section :fOr
vendors' mailing addresses and pb:xle numbers.
When ordering manuals :fOr any of the chips mentioned above, remove the hood
from the computer and write down the :full model number that is on the top
surmce of the chip. 'nlis is the best way to be certain of getting the
proper manual from either of the manumcturers listed above.
16-10
The following p::>rt address information applies to KAYPRO l~, KAYPRO 2/84,
KAYPRO 2X, KAYPro 4/84, KAYPRO 4X, am KAYPRO ROBIE.
I/O roRl' AaWESSES
Port#
Use (hex) Device Function
Keyboard:
~5 ZSIO 1 Keyboard data(R/W). Eight-bit
Olan. B data fran keyboard.
~7 ZSIO 1 Keyboard control/status I/O.

Chan. B
Vide:>:
lC 6545/6845 FA CRl' controller status/control
I/O.
lD 6545/6845 FA CRl' controller data I/O.
Parallel Printer: (output only)

18 - lB 74 373 Parallel printer port
(write only).
Serial Printer I/O:

~8 - ~B WD 1943 Baud rate for serial printer
CCM 8116 p::>rt.
OC ZSIO 2 Serial printer data I/O

Chan. A (RS-232C) •
ZSIO 2 Serial printer control/ status

Chan. A I/O.
Serial D3.ta I/O:

00 - ~3 WD 1943 Baud rate for serial data p::>rt
CCM 8116 (write only).
04 ZSIO 1 Serial data port (RS-232C).

Chan. A D3.ta I/O.
~6 ZSIO 1 Serial data port (RS-232C).

Chan. A Status/control I/O.
16-11
Port#
Use (hex) Device E\mction
Real-time clC>Ck: (NS-M-158l67A)

20 PIa Chan. A Real-time clock register select
data. and interrupt status.
Bit functions:
o lsb register select (output) •.

.
1
2 .
3 ..
4 msb register select (output) •
5 oot. usErl
6 rtc interrupt output (input).
7 rtc oot. standby interrupt
output (input).
22 PIa Chan. A Real-time c1C>Ck PIa control

port.
24 ~ 58167A Real-time clC>Ck data I/O.
16-12
IUrt#
Use (hex) Device Function
System:
14 - 17 74 373 System output port..
Bit functions.
eJ eJ=Se1ect flowy A (C on KleJ).

1 0=Select floppy B (Hard disk
on KleJ).
2 f2J=Select side 2.
3 PSTROB
4 eJ=Flowy motor on (48 tpi
drives) •
1=Select high speed (High
density drive). * see note
5 eJ=Select dou1:>le~ensity.
6 f2J=Select normal character set.
7 f2J=Select 641( RAM.
l=Select RCM (RAM 8e00-FFFF).
74 244 System input port..
Bit filnctions •
eJ eJ= floppy A selected (C on KleJ).

1 eJ=floppy B selected
(Hard disk on KleJ).
2 0=Side 2 selected.
3 PSl'RCB.
4 0=m:>tor is on (48 tpi floppy).
5 eJ=D::>ubl~ensity is selected.
6 eJ=Parallel printer is busy •
7 eJ=64K RAM is selected.
1=RCM (RAM BeOO-FFFF) selected.
* Note on high~ensity drives:
A 1 in bit position 4 will select high speed en the high~ensity diskette

drive. To reset the drive to low speed it is necessary to change this bit to a
eJ AND open the drive door, then close it.
16-13
R:>rt#
Use (hex) .. Device Function
Internal M::ldem:
0D ZSIO 2 Internal rcodem data. I/O port.
Chan. B
ZSIO 2 Internal rcodem status/control

·Chan. B I/O port. .
21 PIO Olan. B Internal rcodem control lines. .
Bit functions.
o Isb digit to dial (output).

1 ."
2 "
3 msb digit to dial (output).
4 0=touch tone.
l=pulse dial.
-ate on rcodem chip.
5 0=n0t loop back (test. node) •
6 0=off lxlok (on line). .
7 l=digit present to dialer chip,
not BSTROOE inplt present- next
digit fran dialer chip.
23 PIO Chan. B M::ldem PIO control port.
'!he internal IOOdem on the KAYPRO uses Texas Instruments TMS99531

dialer and TMS99532 modem chips. Both of these chips are accessed
through the ZOO PIO and ZOO SIO chips. Specification sheets on
these chips are available from Texas Instruments and ZILOO
respectively.
Disk Controller R:>rts:

10 1793 Floppy disk controller
status/ccmnand I/O port.
11 1793 Floppy disk controller

track register I/O port.
12 1793 Floppy disk controller sector

register I/O port.
13 1793 Floppy disk controller data

register I/O port.
16-14
1:Ort#
Use (hex) Device Functioo
00 WD 1002 Hard disk CXXltroller card

data I/O port.
81 Error Register (input.).

Write Preoc::mp. (output).
82 Sector COlttlt register I/O.
83 Sector m:mber register I/O.
84 Cylinder lOA' register I/O.
85 Cylinder high register I/O.
86 Size/drive/head register I/O.

87 Status register 1br inp.lt.
C:mnand register :fur output.
16-15
17.8 l'CISfBlCIH:B SfI!l'IQI
17.1 AS:II awu'
Dec Hex Olar Dec Hex Olar Dec Hex Olar Dec Hex Olar
NUL or A@
,
0 00 32 20 Space 64 40 @ 96 60
1 01 SCH or AA 33 21 1 65 41 A 97 61 a-
2 02 srx or "'B 34 22 " 66 42 B 98 62 b
3 03 El'X or AC 35 23 # 67 43 C 99 63 c
4 04 Ear or AD 36 24 $ 68 44 D 100 64 d
5 05 ENO or AE 37 25 % 69 45 E 101 65 e
6 06 ACK or AF 38 26 & 70 46 F 102 66 f
7 07 BEL or AG 39 27 71 47 G 103 67 9
8 00 BS or AH 40 28 ( 72 48 H 104 68 h
9 09 HI' or AI 41 29 ) 73 49 I 105 69 i
10 1M. LF or AJ 42 2A * 74 4A J 106 6A j
11 0B VT or AK 43 2B + 75 4B K 107 6B k
12 ex:: FF or AL 44 2C 76 4C L 108 6C 1
13 eo CR or AM 45 2D 77 4D M 109 6D m
14 0E SO or "N 46 2E . 78 4E N 110 6E n
15 0F SI or "'0 47 2F / 79 4F 0 111 6F 0
16 10 DLE or Ap 4830 0 80 50 p 112 70 P
17 11 OClor AO 49 31 1 81 51 0 113 71 q
18 12 OC2 or AR 50 32 2 82 52 R 114 72 r
19 13 OC3 or AS 51 33 3 83 53 S 115 73 s
20 14 OC4 or AT 52 34 4 84 54 T 116 74 t
21 15 NAK or "'u 53 35 5 85 55 U 117 75 u
22 16 SYN or "'V 54 36 6 86 56 V 118 76 v
23 17 EI'B or "W 55 37 7 87 57 W 119 77 w
24 18 CAN or AX 56 38 8 88 58 X 120 78 x
25 19 EM or "y 57 39 9 89 59 Y 121 79 Y
26 lA SUB or AZ 58 3A 90 :!~1.\. -z 122 7A z
27 1B ESC or A[ 59 3B 91 5B [ 123 7B {
28 lC FS or A\ 60 3C < 92 5C \ 124 7C I
29 lD GS or A] 61 3D = 93 5D ] 125 7D }
30 IE RS or 62 3E > 94 5E 126 7E
31 IF US or 63 3F ? 95 5F 127 7F DEL
17-1
17.3 MlKm'" IW?S
MEMORY MAP OF KAYPRO 2 AND KAYPRO 4
CBIOS
FAOOH
BOOS
.. ECOOH
CCP
E400H
TRANSIENT
PROGRAM
AREA
IOOH
CP/M BUFFERS
OOH
17-2
MEMORY MAP OF KAYPRO 10
CBIOS
EAOOH
BOOS
OCOOH
CCP
0400H
TRANSIENT
PROGRAM
AREA
IOOH
CP/M BUFFERS
OOH
17-3
MEMORY MAP OF KAYPRO 2/84 AND 4/84
CBIOS
F600H
BOOS
E800H
CCP
EOOOH
TRANSIENT
PROGRAM
AREA
IOOH
CP/M BUFFERS
OOH
17-4
MEMORY MAP OF KAYPRO ROBIE
CBIOS
F200H
BOOS E400H
CCP
OCOOH
TRANSIENT
PROGRAM
AREA
IOOH
CP/M BUFFERS
OOH
17-5
11.4 V!1\1IXB AIXBBSSPS
Kaypro Corporatiexl does not provide repair or reference manuals :fOr other
canpanies' products which are used in Kaypro computers. '!he list belOW' does
not presume to be complete, but is inc11Xled :fOr dealer convenience in
orderjn; manuals directly :fran the manufacturer.
Drives Integrated Circuits
Drivetec Mostek
2140 Bering Drive -- 180e4 Skypark Circle
san Jose, ca. 95131 Suite 140
(4e8) 946-2222 Irvine, ca. 92714
(714) 25e-0455
Epsal
17752 Skypark #255 National Semiconductor
Irvine, ca 92714 2900 Semiconductor Drive
(714) 25e-0111 Santa Clara, ca. 95fZJ51
(408) 737-5""'"
HI-rnoc=
1fZJl5fZJ Sorrento Valley Rd. Texas Instruments
san Diego, Ca. 92121 1762fZJ Fitch
(619) 452-5500 Irvine, ca. 92714
(714) 545-521fZJ
Microscience
575 E. Middlefield Road Western Digital
Mountain View, ca. 94043 3128 Red Hill Ave.
(415) 961-2212 Costa Mesa, Ca.. 92626
Zi10g
Seagate 18fZJ23 Skypark Circle"
92121 Disc Drive Suite J
Scotts Valley, ca. 95fZJ66 Irvine, ca. 92714
( 4e8) 438-655fZJ (714) 549-2891
Shugart
475 CBkmead Parkway
Sunnyvale, Ca. 94086
( 4e8) 733-121100
Tandon
212132121 Prairie st.
Chatsworth, Ca. 91311
(213) 993-6644
rnoc=
10012J E. Walnut St.
Pasadena, Ca. 9111216
(213) 681-5631
Toshiba
9I2J3fZJ carroll canyon #7
san Diego, Ca. 92121
(619) 578-9171
17--6
CRl' AsSE!ll'b1ies Power Supplies
Audiotronics Astec
7420 Belair Ave. 1101 Space Park
N. Hollywood, ca. 91605 Santa Clara, ca. 95050
(213) 765-2645 (400) 727-3350
n:rt;ronix Boschert
160 1st Street S. E. 384 Santa Trinita Ave.
New Brighton, ~. 55112 Sunnyvale, ca. 94086
(612) 633-1742 (408) 732-2240
Elston cal nc.

35 Iehigh Street 2150 AneOOr (burt
Geneva, N.Y. 14456 Newbury Park, ca. 91320
(315) 781-1350 (805) 499-3621
Toshiba
9030 carroll canyon #7 Disk Controller Board
San Diego, ca. 92121
(619) 578-9171 Western Digital
2445 MCCabe Wiy
Irvine, ca. 92714
Keyboards (714) 863-0102
Keytronics
7032 Owensmouth "8e> .. I (P
91 S Q A "'oS -0 210(.. -00'
Canoga Park, ca. 91303 fl;~O boje" Ii "I -04. -2.01
(714) 832-1685
Maxi-Swi.tch r<. \( ~ I) ,1.01$0

9697 E. River !bad j>c. ~/) t#3DISlj .01.
Minneapolis, MN. 55433
(612) 755-7660
SMK
4617 Ruffner Street #206 ~-.)'tOI\ -02."'1
San Diego, Ca.. 92111
(619) 560-8330
Tw' I'''''''' -()
17-7
ICAYPRO II 'lbeary of Qleratial, by I)ma Cotant-Micro Cornucopia,
P.o. Box 223 - Bend, CR. 97709
Modern Dictionary of Electronics, by RudolfF. Graf, Radio Shack Catalog

N\.1rrt)er 62-2310
Some ex>lared marlters or pencils with which to mark the chip layout diagrams
in this manual according to flmction (video, disk control, etc.) will be
use ful. SUch "maps" can be time-saving devices. (Because 0 f printing
costs and problems, Kaypro is unable to supply colored "maps" in the
Technical Manual.)
'!he CP/M Manual inclooed with each KAYPRo. You can devise excellent and
effective tests 'fbr the machines through imaginative use of CP/M programs
like PIP, SUBMIT, XSUB. . 'lb this end, books alx>ut CP/M (with an emphasis en
prograIIl'lrin1: not fbr the beginner) can be helpful.
A good book cootaining infbrmatien on the ZOO microcomputer and its :family
(SIO, PIO). Timing diagrams (or scope signals) in these books can help
troubleshoot mainboards.
Arr:! component repair manuals you feel necessary. See Section .17.4 fbr
vendor addresses.
18-1
INDEX
22"" configuration, 8-2 touch-up information, 5-2

align.mac, 7-5 troubleshooting, 15--1
aligning CRI' yoke, 7-2 vendor addresses, 17-6
ASCII chart, 17--1 vertical size and linearity, 7--1
brightness, 7--2 video alignment, 7-3
chassis hood, 5--1 video ccmnand protocol, 16-';"1
CRI' adjustments, 7--1
CRI' assembly removal, 7-8
CRI' descriptions, 7-1
disk drive cleaning, 9--1
diskette drive configuration, 9-5
. diskette drive identification, 9-2
diskette drives, 9-1
Drivetec, 9-9
focus, 7-2
fuse, 8-2
hard disk drive, 10--1
hard drive configuration, 10-3
hard drive controller board, 11--1
hard drive renoval, 10--4
bigh-density (Drivetec ) drives, 9--9
horizontal centering, 7-1
horizontal hold, 7--2
horizontal width, 7-1
I/O port addresses, 16--10
interface board KAYPID 10, 12-1
internal modem, 16--14
KAYPRO 10 block diagram, 6-18
KAYPID 10 specifications, 3--1
KAYPID 2· and 4 block diagram, 6-6
KAYPRO 2 specifications, 3--1
KAYPOO 2/84 and 2X specifications, 3-2
KAYPRO 4 specifications, 3-3
KAYPID 4/84 specifications, 3--4
KAYPID 4X specifications, 3--5
KAYPRO ROBIE specifications, 3-7
keyboard, 13--1
keyboard codes and functions, 16--3
keyboard connector, 16--6
mairiboard renoval, 6--51
mairiboards, 6-1
II1E!IDry maps, 17--3
modem port KAYPID 10, 16-7
parallel printer port, 16--5
power supplies, 8-1
power supply removal, 8-5
real-time clock, 16-12
ROBIE removal/installation, 14--1
serial port KAYPRO 2 and 4, 16--6
serial printer port KAYPRO 10, 16--7.1
PUBLICATICN C<M1ENT SHEEl'
Please use this oomment sheet to assist with identificaticn of errors or

needed improvements in this manual.
Date
--------------------
~-----------------------------------------------
Job Title
----------------------------------------------
Address
--------------------------------------------------
Page Cannent
Please mail this :fbnn to the :fbllc::Ming address.
Publications Department
Kaypro Corporation
P.O. Box N
Del Mar, Ca. 92014

1484-C Kaypro Technical Manual Aug84

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1484-C Kaypro Technical Manual Aug84

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KAYPRO TOCHNlCAL MANuAL

FCC In:fbnra.tion 2-1

RCM Revisions - CP/M Canpatibility 4-1

6.0 Mainboards-Troub1eshooting Tips 6-1

8.0 Pc7Ner Supplies

9.0 Diskette Drives

10.0 Hard Disk Drives (KAYPRO 10)

11.0 Hard Drive Controller Board (KAYPRO 10)

12.0 Inter face Board (KAYFRO 10'>

13.0 Keytx::>ards 13-1

14.0 ROUE RaIoval/Installation Instructions

16.0 System I/O

'!his publication is int.eOOed to be a technical re ference guide to be used by

'!be J;X>licyof Kaypro Corporation is to repair computers to the modular level

'!be adjustment am rerroval/replacement in:fbrmation in this manual is organized

3.1 I<AYPRO 2 SPl!ClFlCATI(H)

CPU Z-S'" 2. 5 MHz

Sl-ll"'-n or Sl-240-n series.

DISK srCEAGE Two 5-1/4 inch, double~ensity, single-

Detachable, 72 key typewriter style

VIDEO SCREEN Nal-glare, 9-inch, green tilOSPhor

I/O CCNNrel'ICNS Ole "Centronics"-type parallel

CPU ZOO-A 4.0 MHz

RAM 641< bytes

DISK s:raw;E Two 5-1/4 inch double-density, s~le­

DISK srCRAGE Two 5-1/4 inch double-density, double-

Detachable, 72 key typewriter style

VIDEO SCREEN Non-qlare, 9-inch, green phosphor

I/O Cc:NNECl'ICNS (he "Centronics"_type parallel part,

CPU Z-80 2.5 MHz

DISK STCEAGE Two 5-1/4 inch double-density, double-

KEYBmRD Detachable, 72 key typewriter style

VIDEO SCREEN Non-glare, 9-inch, green phosphor

I/O CCNNECI'ICNS (he "Centronics"_type parallel port,

CPU Z-80A 4.0 MHz

DISK S'I'CiWE Two double-density, Cbuble-sidErl,

Detachable, 72 key typewriter style

VIDEO SCREEN Non-glare, 9-inch green phosphor

I/O CCNNEX:TICNS (he "Centronics"-type parallel port,

MCDEM Built-in, 300-baoo ncdem, with Bell

REAL-TIME CLcx:::K Built-in real-time clock. Uses Natiooal

CPU Z-80A 4.0 MHz

DISK S'I'<::RAGE Two 5-1/4 inch, high-density, double-

Detachable, 72 key typewriter style

VIDEO SCREEN Non-glare, 9-inch, green PhoSFhor

I/O CCNNECl'ICNS Qle "Centronics"-type parallel

MCDEM Built-in, 300-baoo. ncdem, with Bell

REAL-TIME CLOCK Built-in real-time clock. Uses National

CPU Z80A, 4.0 MHz

DISK STORAGE (be 5-1/4 inch dOuble-density, double-

Detachable, 72 key typewriter style

VIDEO SCREEN Non-glare, 9-inch, green {ilosptlor screen

I/O CCNNECl'ICNS (be "Centronics"-type parallel port,

CPU- Z8M, 4.0 MHz

DISK STCEAGE Two 5-1/4 inch, high~ensity, double-

Detachable, 72 key typewriter style

VIDEO SCREEN Non~lare, 9-inch, green PhOsphor screen

Ilo CCNNECI'ICNS Ol.e 1.'Centronics"type parallel port,

MCDEM Built-in, 3000-balXl modem, with Bell

Built-in real-time clock. Uses National

2/83 2.2F 0777 81-149-C or 81-232-A

4/83 2.2F 1475 81-232-A

4/83 + 88 2.2F 1475 81-232-A

2/84 2.2G 2619 81-292-A

DISK s:raw;E Two 5-1/4 inch double-density, s~le

TI I>"'----"~~----':c_+_+_+_+_+__+_: J' - 8 iN6l"X I 1.rr