6/6/2019 Various Routine Test of Power Transformer-(Part-4) | Electrical Notes & Articles

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Various Routine Test of Power Transformer-(Part-4)

APRIL 13, 2015 21 COMMENTS

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(9) Magnetic Balance Test

Test Purpose:

Magnetic balance test of transformer is conducted only on three phase transformers to check the
imbalance in the magnetic circuit.

Test Instrument:

Multi meter.
Mill Ammeter

Test Circuit Diagram:

(h ps://electricalnotes.files.wordpress.com/2014/09/untitled10.png)

Test Procedure:

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First keep the tap changer of transformer in normal position.

Now disconnect the transformer neutral from ground.
Then apply single phase 230V AC supply across one of the HV winding terminals and neutral
terminal.
Measure the voltage in two other HV terminals in respect of neutral terminal.
Repeat the test for each of the three phases.
In case of auto transformer, magnetic balance test of transformer should be repeated for IV winding
also.
There are three limbs side by side in a core of transformer. One phase winding is wound in one limb.
The voltage induced in different phases depends upon the respective position of the limb in the core.
The voltage induced in different phases of transformer in respect to neutral terminals given in the
table below.
415V, Two phase supply is to be applied to any two phases terminals on HV side of Power
transformer and voltages in other two phase combination are to be measured with LT open.
Sum of the Resultant two values shall be equal to the voltage applied.

Measured
Applied Voltage (415V) Measured Voltage(V2) Result
Voltage(V1)
RY YB BR V=V1+V2
YB RY BR V=V1+V2
BR YB RY V=V1+V2

(10) High Voltage tests on HV & LV Winding:

Test Purpose:

To checks the insulation property between Primary to earth, Secondary to earth and between
Primary & Secondary.

Test Instrument:

High Voltage tester ( 100KV & 3KV)

Test Circuit Diagram:

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(h ps://electricalnotes.files.wordpress.com/2014/09/untitled11.png)Test Procedure:

HV high voltage test: LV winding connected together and earthed. HV winding connected together
and given Following HV Supply for 1 minute.
LV high Voltage test: HV winding connected together and earthed. LV winding connected together
and given Following HV Supply for 1 minute.
433V Winding =3KV High Voltage
11KV Winding =28KV High Voltage
22KV Winding =50KV High Voltage
33KV Winding =70KV High Voltage.

(11) Di electrical Test:

Test Purpose:

To check the ability of main insulation to earth and between winding

To checks the insulation property between Primary to earth, Secondary to earth and between
Primary & Secondary.

Test Instruments:

3 Phase Variable Voltage & Frequency Source.

Auto Transformer.

Test Procedure:

The following Dielectric tests are performed in order to meet the transformer insulation strength
expectations.
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Switching impulse test: to confirm the insulation of the transformer terminals and windings to the
earthed parts and other windings, and to confirm the insulation strength in the windings and
through the windings.
Lightning impulse test : to confirm the transformer insulation strength in case of a lightning hi ing
the connection terminals
Separate source AC withstand voltage test: to confirm the insulation strength of the transformer line
and neutral connection terminals and the connected windings to the earthed parts and other
windings.
Induced AC voltage test (short duration ACSD and long duration ACLD ) : to confirm the insulation
strength of the transformer connection terminals and the connected windings to the earthed parts
and other windings, both between the phases and through the winding.
Partial discharge measurement: to confirm the “partial discharge below a determined level”
property of the transformer insulation structure under operating conditions.

Method No 1 (separate source voltage withstand test)

(h ps://electricalnotes.files.wordpress.com/2014/09/untitled12.png)

All the terminals of the winding under test should be connected together and the voltage should be
applied.
The secondary windings of bushing type current transformers should be connected together and
earthed. The current should be stable during test and no surges should occur.
A single phase power frequency voltage of shape approximately sinusoidal is applied for 60 seconds
to the terminals of the winding under test.
The test shall be performed on all the windings one by one.
The test is successful if no breakdown in the dielectric of the insulation occurs during test.
During the Separate source AC withstand voltage test, the frequency of the test voltage should be
equal to the transformer’s rated frequency or should be not less than 80% of this frequency. In this
way, 60 Hz transformers can also be tested at 50 Hz. The shape of the voltage should be single phase
and sinusoidal as far as possible.
This test is applied to the star point (neutral point) of uniform insulated windings and gradual (non-
uniform) insulation windings. Every point of the winding which test voltage has been applied is
accepted to be tested with this voltage.
The test voltage is measured with the help of a voltage divider. The test voltage should be read from
voltmeter as peak value divided by2. Test period is 1 minute.

Method No 2 (Induced source voltage withstand test)

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(h ps://electricalnotes.files.wordpress.com/2014/09/untitled13.png)

The aim of this test is to check the insulation both between phases and between turns of the windings
and also the insulation between the input terminals of the graded insulation windings and earth
During test, normally the test voltage is applied to the low voltage winding. Meanwhile HV
windings should be keeping open and earthed from a common point.
Since the test voltage will be much higher than the transformer’s rated voltage, the test frequency
should not be less than twice the rated frequency value, in order to avoid oversaturation of the
transformer core.
The test shall start with a voltage lower than 1/3 the full test voltage and it shall be quickly increased
up to desired value.
The test voltage can either be measured on a voltage divider connected to the HV terminal or on a
voltage transformer and voltmeter which have been set together with this voltage divider at the LV
side. Another method is to measure the test voltage with a peak-value measuring instrument at the
measuring-tap end of the capacitor type bushing (if any).
Test period which should not be less than 15 seconds.
It is calculated according ,Test period=120 seconds x ( Rated frequency / Test frequency )
The duration of the test shall be 60 second.
The test is accepted to be successful if no surges, voltage collapses or extreme increases in the current
have occurred.

Acceptance Criteria:

The test is successful if no break down occurs at full test voltage during test.

Method No 3 Lighting Impulse Test:

All the dielectric tests check the insulation level of the Transformer.
Impulse generator is used to produce the specified voltage impulse wave of 1.2/50 micro seconds
wave
One impulse of a reduced voltage between 50 to 75% of the full test voltage and subsequent three
impulses at full voltage.
For a three phase transformer, impulse is carried out on all three phases in succession.
The voltage is applied on each of the line terminal in succession, keeping the other terminals earthed.
The current and voltage wave shapes are recorded on the oscilloscope and any distortion in the wave
shape is the criteria for failure.

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FILED UNDER UNCATEGORIZED

About Jignesh.Parmar
Jignesh Parmar has completed M.Tech (Power System Control), B.E(Electrical). He is member of
Institution of Engineers (MIE) and CEng,India. Membership No:M-1473586.He has more than 16 years
experience in Transmission -Distribution-Electrical Energy theft detection-Electrical Maintenance-
Electrical Projects (Planning-Designing-Technical Review-coordination -Execution). He is Presently
associate with one of the leading business group as a Deputy Manager at Ahmedabad,India. He has
published numbers of Technical Articles in “Electrical Mirror”, “Electrical India”, “Lighting
India”,”Smart Energy”, “Industrial Electrix”(Australian Power Publications) Magazines. He is Freelancer
Programmer of Advance Excel and design useful Excel base Electrical Programs as per IS, NEC,
IEC,IEEE codes. He is Technical Blogger and Familiar with English, Hindi, Gujarati, French languages.
He wants to Share his experience & Knowledge and help technical enthusiasts to find suitable solutions
and updating themselves on various Engineering Topics.

21 Responses to Various Routine Test of Power Transformer-(Part-4)

Karzan Ismail says:

April 14, 2015 at 4:19 am
Thanks Sir ………………………….. Regards

Reply
Aim Ahmad says:
April 14, 2015 at 7:50 am
the explanation is very clear and easy to understand.. thank you very much.

Reply
Omutinyu D. Shitandi says:
April 14, 2015 at 6:48 pm
You are just wow! doing greate things for greate people.

Reply
rahul anjandohkar says:
April 16, 2015 at 4:08 pm
sir i know regarding 3 ph induction motor cu winding details with isi specification

On Monday, April 13, 2015, Electrical Notes & Articles wrote: > Jignesh.Parmar posted: “(9) Magnetic
Balance Test Test Purpose: Magnetic balance test of transformer is conducted only on three phase
transformers to check the imbalance in the magnetic circuit. Test Instrument: Multi meter. Mill
Ammeter Test Circuit Diagram:” >

Reply
abbasdoha says:
April 26, 2015 at 2:10 am
Great site!!!

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Reply
shalin says:
May 2, 2015 at 8:55 am
superb blog filled with lot of information and knowledge..

Mr. Jignesh, superb work- a proud gujarati !!

Reply
mimi says:
May 6, 2015 at 9:45 am
thank you!!!

Reply
angelito Cortez says:
May 10, 2015 at 10:57 am
Thanks and more power.

Reply
Sumon Myint says:
May 22, 2015 at 5:59 am
Thanks Sir for your invaluable sharing knowledge! I wanna know about loss reduction method or
network reconfiguration in radial distribution system. If you have an idea , could you give me some
knowledge ? Thanks for your considerateness!

Reply
s.balasubramanian says:
May 23, 2015 at 4:41 pm
I would like to know if Mr.Jignesh Parmar is son of Mr. Parmar( first name Forgot) of GSFC–Bala
KPGI

Reply
Jignesh.Parmar says:
May 30, 2015 at 5:08 pm
No…

Reply
Mahesh says:
June 7, 2015 at 10:13 am
Dear Jignesh, why we need to ground the neutral wire in HT Transformer ? why don’t we leave it as
floating current to the load without grounding the neutral in delta star conversion.? pls explain with
merits and demerits breifly?

Reply
Amit kumar singh says:
June 25, 2015 at 10:55 am
sir what is importance of CBCT in HT breaker…

Reply
RENJITH says:
August 25, 2015 at 5:36 am

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VERY NICE VERY CLR OF EXPLANATION AS WELL AS AS A NORMAL MAN EASILY CAN
UNDERSTAND .
THANKS

Reply
Nelson Sirito Wanyama says:
October 2, 2015 at 7:02 pm
Am so happy abt u.am real enjoying sbt the knowledge.

Reply
Dennis Echessa Mulaa says:
November 7, 2015 at 9:03 pm
i enjoy your notes

Reply
Muktar s. Abubakar says:
March 2, 2016 at 8:33 am
Good job sir, may Almighty God improve your understanding and technical knowledge

Reply
Honorato Acebedo says:
August 1, 2016 at 7:25 am
God has given you and incredible knowledge thank you for sharing it with us God bless you Sir.

Reply
Firdaush Alam says:
December 3, 2016 at 6:04 am
sir how will i check faulty or healthy series reactor which in connected before VFD.

Reply
pramod says:
April 17, 2017 at 10:56 am
sir please provide notes on parallel operation of transformer having diffrent vector groups .

Reply
Radhakrishna says:
November 14, 2017 at 1:17 am
In DVDF test on transformer, test shall start with a voltage lower than 1/3 the full test voltage and it
shall be quickly increased up to desired value. What is the reason for starting with low voltage &
what is the frequency level during starting the test?

Reply

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