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l Develop a blackoil model to match the laboratory data. It is necessary to develop a method
of predicting the fluid physical properties so that the pressure losses and heat transfer
characteristics can be calculated.
l Develop a well inflow performance model applicable throughout field life. This provides a
relationship between the reservoir pressure, the flowing bottom hole pressure and flowrate
through the formation.
l Select a suitable tubing size for the production string.
l Engineering data.
l Obtain a partially calibrated blackoil model using the stock tank and bubble point properties.
l Plot the partially calibrated oil formation volume factor (OFVF) over a range of pressures and
temperatures to identify any differences between the measured and the predicted
properties. Any discrepancies will lead to fluid flow modelling errors.
l Apply calibration to the OFVF above the bubble point pressure and observe how the property
curves are corrected.
l Apply calibration to the OFVF below the bubble point pressure and observe how the property
curves are corrected.
l Apply calibration to the oil viscosity using first the measured dead oil data and then further
tuning with live oil data.
l Apply calibration to the gas viscosity and the gas compressibility.
1. After starting PIPESIM use the <File/new/well> menu to open a new well performance
model and save this in your training directory (for example, c:\training\...).
2. Use the <Setup/blackoil...> menu to enter the stock tank oil properties and the bubble point
properties given at the end of the case study. Help on the definitions and valid ranges of
these stock tank properties can be obtained by selecting the button from the dialog
header bar and clicking on the relevant data entry field.
3. Press the OKbutton and save the model.
4. Use the <Setup/blackoil/advanced calibration data>menu and press the plot PVT
data...button. (Note: do not enter the advanced calibration data at this stage).
5. Use the <Series> menu to plot the oil formation volume factor on the y axis.
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Well Performance Case Study - Oil Well Design Page 2 of 10
The partially calibrated curve for a temperature of 210 °F shows that the predicted OFVF is higher
than the measured value both above and below the bubble point pressure. At 4,269 psia the
predicted value is 1.52 compared to the measured value of 1.49 and at 2,000 psia the predicted
value is 1.41 compared to the measured value of 1.38. Therefore further calibration is required.
Calibration
1. Apply OFVF calibration above the bubble point pressure. The measured value is 1.49 @
4,269 psia and 210 °F. The following plot should be obtained:
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2. Apply OFVF calibration below the bubble point pressure. The measured value is 1.38 @
2,000 psia and 210 °F. The following plot should be obtained:
Calibration of the oil viscosity requires two dead oil data points. The uncalibrated default
approach is to use the Beggs and Robinson correlation which gives values of 1.561 cP @
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200°F and 23.27 cP @°70°F. The Beggs and Robinson correlation uses the oil API gravity to
predict two dead oil data points based upon data obtained from around 2,000 data points
from 600 oil systems.
3. Plot the uncalibrated oil viscosity. The following plots should be obtained:
In this case it can be seen that the predicted oil viscosity value at a temperature of 70°F and
14.7 psia is 23.27 cP as specified by the Beggs & Robinson correlation. This is significantly
different from the measured dead oil data and would lead to errors in the prediction of
pressure loss.
4. Open the <Setup/blackoil/viscosity data>menu and select the correlation option "user data".
Enter the two measured values of 0.31 cP @ 200°F and 0.8 cP @ 70°F. The following plot
should be obtained:
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It can be seen that the predicted oil viscosity value at a temperature of 70°F and 14.7 psia
is 0.8 cP consistent with the laboratory dead oil data.
5. Open the <setup/blackoil/advanced calibration data>menu and enter the live oil calibration
data of 0.29 cP@ 2,000 psia and 210°F. The following plot should be obtained:
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It can be seen that the predicted oil viscosity value at a temperature of 210°F and 2000 psia
is 0.29 cP consistent with the laboratory live oil data.
6. Proceed to calibrate the gas viscosity and the gas compressibility using the calibration data
given earlier.
l Use the drill string test data to obtain a representative productivity index.
First it is necessary to add a vertical completion to the model. This is done by pointing and clicking
on the vertical completion button at the top of the screen and then pointing and clicking in the
work area. A vertical completion appears asshown below.
l Use the systems analysis operation to generate a plot of oil flowrate against watercut for
each of the three tubing sizes.
l Overlay the production plan data and identify the smallest size that allows this plan to be
met.
1. Add a boundary node to the model by pointing and clicking on the boundary node button at
the top of the screen and then pointing and clicking in the work area:
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2. Then use the tubing button to connect the well to the boundary node: tubing button
Completed Model
Note that the red outline indicates that essential data is missing for that component. Double click
on the tubing to enter the well depth and the tubing thickness, roughness, overall heat transfer
coefficient and ambient thermal gradient.
1. Select the <Operations/systems analysis> menu and setup the operation so that the
calculated variable is liquid rate. The x axis variable is watercut with values of 0, 12, 20,35,
40, 47, 54 and 60%, representing the various stages of field life. The sensitivity variable is
tubing I.D. with values of 2.992", 3.958" and 4.892".
2. Configure the output to give the water cut against the stock-tank oil rate at the outlet (this
is achieved using the series option of PSPLOT):
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It can be seen that 41/2" tubing is the smallest size that will satisfy all of the production plan
conditions.
Note: Don't forget to now set the tubing ID to 3.958 to reflect the 41/2" tubing for all subsequent
simulations.
Data Available
Reservoir Conditions
Reservoir pressure
4,269 psia
Reservoir temperature
210°F
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Deviation Survey
The well is vertical from the well head on the sea bed. Mid perforations are at a depth of 9,500 ft
from the well head. The ambient temperature varies linearly between 210°F at mid perforations
and 60°F at the wellhead. The minimum casing inner diameter is 10". The generally accepted
overall heat transfer coefficient of 2 BTU/hr/ft2/°F for well bores can be used throughout.
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5 20 9,400
6 35 7,500
7 40 7,000
8 47 6,000
9 54 5,000
10 60 4,300
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