Science and Technology Digest

SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
DIGEST
STANDARD 8
1. THE UNIVERSE
Q. 1. Write short note on : Diversity in stars

Q. 2. Visually seen, which different colours do you see for stars? Give one example of
each.
Q. 3. The apparent brightness of a star as seen by an unaided eye is not its real brightness.
Explain the statement.
Q. 4. Draw a diagram of the celestial sphere showing the celelstial poles, celestial equator
and ecliptic. Write in short about them.
Q. 5. Write short note on : Ecliptic Circle.
Q. 6. Explain ‘the equinox day’
Q. 7. The moon appears to move faster as compared to the sun along the celestial sphere.
Explain the statement.
Q. 8. Write short notes on :
(1) Phases of the moon
(2) Our solar system
(3) Sun
(4) Mercury
(5) Venus
(6) Earth
(7) Moon
Q. 9. Give short information about a comet.
Q. 10. Write short note on : Artificial satellites and their application
OR
Give six application of artificial satellites
Q.11. Answer the following question in short :
(1) What are stars? What are they are made of.
(2) Give the physical structure of red stars.
(3) It is not necessary that the mass of a larger (size) star is always greater than that
of a smaller star. Explain the statement giving an illustration.
(4) What do you understand by the term “the celestial sphere”?
(5) Why is the ecliptic divided into 12 equal parts?
(6) What are constellations? How many constellations are there in the celestial
sphere?
(7) Of the planets of the soar system, which are the planets that can be seen without
a telescope?
(8) What are the transit of Mercury and Venus?
(9) What is a meteor?
Q. 12. State the characteristic feather of the following planets:
(1) Venus (2) Mars (3) Jupiter (4) Saturn (5) Uranus (6) Neptune (7) Pluto
Q. 13. Give scientific explanation ;
(1) The stars are self-luminous.
(2) Although Rigel is much more luminous than Sirius, it is Sirius that appears
brighter.
(3) Light year is used as a unit to measure the distance between astronomical
bodies.
(4) During a single night, positions of stars are seen to change in the sky.
(5) Any particular star appears to rise 4 minutes earlier on successive days.
(6) We see the sun and the stars rising in the east and setting in the west.
(7) We see only one surface of the moon.
(8) In the celestial sphere, moon rises 50 minutes later everyday.
(9) Life is not possible on Mercury.
(10) The sun appears to be rising in the west on Venus.
(11) There is absence of atmosphere on the moon.
(12) The tailed star (comet) is not a star and has no permanent tail.
(13) A meteor is called a shooting star.
Q. 14. Distinguish between :
(1) Star Sirius and Star Rigel
(2) Star and Planets
(3) Sun and Moon planet Mercury and Planet Jupiter
Q. 15. Match the pairs:
Section ‘A’ Section ‘B’
(Peculiarity of the planet) (Name of the planet)
(1) The nearest planet (to the sun) (1) Mars
(2) The brightest looking planet (2) Jupiter
(3) Reddish planet (3) Venus
(4) The largest planet (4) Earth
(5) The planet having life (5) Mercury
Q. 16. Classify the following stars according to their colours :
Arcturus, Sirius, Achernar, Antares, Vega, Aldebaran, Deneb, Betelgeuse
Q. 17. Arrange the following stars in the descending order of their brightness observed
with an unaided eye :
α – Centauri (Jay), Vega, Canopus, Sirius, Rigel, Capella
Q. 18. Arrange the following stars in the ascending order of their temperature.
Aldebaran, Rigel, Achernar, Antares, Sirius, Sun
Q. 19. Define/Explain the following words:
(1) Zodiacal sign (Rash) (2) Nakshatra (3) Axial rotation (4) Orbital revolution
(5) Inner planets (6) Outer planets (7) Asteroids (8) Meteorits
Q. 20. Write the correct alternative from those given for each question:
(1) Of which gases are stars generally made of ?
(A) Hydrogen and Helium (B) Helium and Oxygen
(c) Oxygen and Argon (D) Argon and Hydrogen
(2) Which is a red coloured star ?
(A) Sun (B) Sirius (C) Antares (D) Rigel
(3) Which is a blue coloured star ?
(A) Sirius (B) Achernar (C) Antares (D) Capella
(4) Star of which colour has the highest surface temperature ?
(A) Red (B) Orange (C) Yellow (D) Blue
(5) By how many minutes late dose the moon rise on successive days ?
(A) 4 (B) 40 (C) 50 (D) 60
(6) How many constellations are there in the celestial sphere?
(A) 37 (B) 51 (C) 88 (D) Innumerable
(7) How many constellations are there in the northern hemisphere and southern
hemisphere respectively ?
(A) 37;51 (B) 51;37 (C) 73;15 (D) 15;73
(8) Which of the following is not a member of the solar system?
(A) Asteroids (B) Constellations (C) Comets (D) Meteors
(9) Which is the brightest planet of the solar system ?
(A) Mars (B) Mercury (C) Venus (D) Saturn
(10) Which planet of the solar system appears red ?
(A) Mars (B) Mercury (C) Jupiter (D) Saturn
(11) Which is the largest planet of the solar system ?
(A) Mercury (B) Jupiter (C) Uranus (D) Pluto
(12) Which planet has four large satellites called the Galilean satellites ?
(A) Mars (B) Jupiter (C) Saturn (D) Neptune
(13) Which planet of the solar system is blue-green in colour?
(A) Jupiter (B) Venus (C) Pluto (D) Uranus
(14) Which is the smallest planet of the solar system ?
(A) Jupiter (B) Saturn (C) Pluto (D) Neptune
(15) Which planet of the solar system had a large satellite called Charon ?
(A) Mars (B) Jupiter (C) Saturn (D) Pluto
(16) After how many years does the comet Halley come near the sun ?
(A) 76 (B) 67 (C) 86 (D) 68
(17) What are shooting stars ?
(A) Comets (B) Asteroids (C) Meteors (D) Meteorites
Q. 21. Answer the following questions in only one word or figure (number) :
(1) What is the faint whitish band of light seen in the sky known as ?
(2) What is the colour of Vega ?
(3) How many star in the sky are having magnitude ~ 1 ?
(4) Which is the brightest star seeen at night ?
(5) Stars of which colour have the highest surface temperature ?
(6) By how many minutes does a star rise earlier everyday ?
(7) How many zodiacal sign are there ?
(8) How many Nakshatra are there ?
(9) How long does the sun stay in one Zodiacal sign ?
(10) What is the period of rotation of the earth ?
(11) How much later does the moon rise on successive days ?
(12) How does the moon stay in one Nakshatra ?
(13) What is the period of revolution or Mercury ?
(14) Which is the planet on which the difference in temperature at day time and
night
time is very great ?
(15) Which planet is nearest to the earth ?
(16) Which planet of the solar system is known to have life on it ?
(17) On which planets would you find the sun rising in the west ?
(18) How many times larger is the Jupiter than the earth?
(19) Which spacecraft discovered a thin ring, made up of dust particles around
Jupiter ?
(20) Which planet had a large reddish spot ?
(21) What a re the larger dark areas on the moon called ?
(22) How many times is the gravitational force of the moon than that of the
earth ?
Q. 22. Answer each of the following question in one sentence :

(1) In which aspects do the stars show diversities ?
(2) On which two factors does the brightness of a star depend ?
(3) Which coloured stars have reached old age ?
(4) Name two giant stars.
(5) Name two white stars.
(6) What is the colour of star Achernar ?
(7) How many time is the diameter of Betelgeuse than that of the sun ?
(8) In which three classes can stars be classified on the basis of their volume ?
(9) Name one star whose real brightness is greater than that of Sirius but which
appears less bright to us.
(10) Which coloured star is called the hottest star and which coloured star is
called the coolest star ?
(11) When is spring equinox ?
(12) When is autumnal equinox ?
(13) Give the surface temperature of the sun in Kelvin.
(14) In which direction does the earth rotate on its axis ?
(15) What is the time difference between the absolute rotation period and the
rotation
period relative to the sun for the earth ?
(16) What is a celestial sphere ?
(17) How many nakshatras are there in every zodiac sign ?
(18) How many long odes the sun remain in each nakshatra ?
(19) On which dates are the lengths of day and night equal ?
(20) On which date is the day shortest and the night longest ?
(21) On which date is the day longest and the night shortest ?
(22) Which astronomical body is nearest to the earth ?
(23) How many time does the moon take to complete one revolution around the
earth ?
(24) What is the fortnight of a month called during which the phases of the moon
go on increasing ?
(25) What is the solar system ?
(26) Name the inner planets.
(27) Which planets of the solar system show phases like our moon ?
(28) What is the colour of the sun ?
(29) How many time is the sun bigger that the earth ?
(30) Around what does the sun revolve ?
(31) What are the dark spot seen on the surface of the sun called ?
(32) Which planet is nearest to the sun ?
(33) Which planet completes one revolution around the sun in minimum time ?
(34) Which planet can be seen with an unaided eye during one and half hour
before the sunrise or after the sunset ?
(35) Give the day and night temperature on Mercury.
(36) Which planets rotate on their axes from east to west ?
(37) Which planet has the slowest axial roation ?
(38) How much time does Venus take to complete one rotation ?
(39) What is the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of Venus ?
(40) How many times is the atmospheric pressure on the surface of Venus than
that on the surface of the earth ?
(41) What is the surface temperature on Venus ?
(42) Which planet do not have satellite ?
(43) At what height from the surface of the Venus are there very thick clouds of
H2SO4?
(44) Which are the two satellites of the planet Mars ?
(45) Which is the largest planet having bright rings ?
(46) Which planet of our solar system is 850 times larger than the earth ?
(47) Which planer of the solar system has maximum number of satellites ?
(48) Which satellite of Saturn has a dense atmosphere ?
(49) Which planet is the farthest from the sun ?
(50) What are the craters seen on the lunar surface ?
(51) Between which two planets are asteroids found in the largest numbers ?
(52) What is a retrograde orbit ?
(53) Which astronomical bodies are known as tailed stars ?
(54) What is an artificial satellite ?
Q. 1. Write in short, about a light year.

Q. 2. Give brief information about Kelvin Scale.
2. SOIL
Q. 1. Prepare a table indicting the names and sizes of constituent particles of soil.
Q. 2. How many types of soil are there from constitution point of view ? Which are they ?
Q. 3. Give information about :
(1) Sandy soil (2) Clayey soil (3) Loamy soil
Q. 4. How is the soil formed ?
Q. 5. Explain the final stage of soil formation.
Q. 6. Explain stratification of soil with a diagram.
Q. 7. State the main horizons of soil and give information about horizon A.
Q. 8. Give information about horizon B, C and D of the soil.
Q. 9. Which are the constituents of soil?
Q. 10. Give general information about the constituents of soil.
Q. 11. Explain interrelationship between soil and soil organisms.
Q. 12. What are ‘natural resources’ ?
Q. 13. Describe examples of renewable resources.
Q. 14. Write a short notes on : Non-renewable resources.
Q. 15. How is soil polluted ?
Q. 16. Write short note on: Control of (soil) pollution.
OR
Explain the importance of control of soil pollution and measures to control it.
Q. 17. What is erosion ?
Q. 18. Explain the process of soil erosion.
OR
State the effects by factors responsible for soil erosion.
Q. 19. How can soil erosion be stopped ?
Q. 20. Write short notes on :
(1) Parental material
(2) Organic matter
(3) Soil solution
(4) Soil gases
(5) Soil organisms
(6) Factors responsible for erosion
Q. 20. Answer the following questions in short :
(1) What is soil ?
(2) State the constitution of lithosphere.
(3) State type of soil.
(4) What is ‘parental material’ ?
(5) Which are the factors forming soil ?
(6) What is the meaning of living resources of soil ?
(7) What is ‘non-living resources of soil’ ? What can be include in it ?
(8) What are ‘horizons’ ? Name their sublayers.
(9) What is ;renewable resource’ ?
(10) What is pollution ?
(11) The soil of Pashakaka’s field is polluted. State any four remedies to control
its pollution.
(12) What kind of plants should be cultivated to stop erosion of soil ?
Q. 22. Give scientific explanation :
(1) Sandy soil is unfertile.
(2) Clayey soil holds a larger amount of water.
(3) Plant root system develops better in a loamy soil.
(4) Soil is a natural resource obtained through processes taking place over millions
of years.
(5) There is an inverse relationship between soil water and soil air.
(6) Earthworms are useful for agriculture.
(7) Forests are our invaluable natural treasure.
(8) Forests should not be destroyed indiscriminately
OR
It is in our interest to protect forests.
(9) It is possible to control soil pollution.
(10) The process of soil erosion is harmful.
(11) Desert spread by winds.
(1) Sandy soil and Clayey soil
(2) Sandy soil and Loamy soil
(3) Clayey soil and Loamy soil
Q. 20. Write the correct alternative from those given for each question:
(1) Which is the main elements in the soil transformed from lithosphere ?
(A) Oxygen (B) Hydrogen (c) Sodium (D) Potassium
(2) What is the diameter of the particles of silt ?
(A) More than 2.00 mm (B) 0.002 mm to 0.02 mm
(C) Less than 0.002 mm (D) 0.02 mm to 0.20 mm
(3) Which of the particles forming the soil have the least diameter ?
(A) Gravel (B) Coarse sand (C) Silt (D) Clay
(4) Which of the particles forming the soil have the maximum diameter ?
(A) Gravel (B) Coarse sand (C) Silt (D) Clay
(5) Which soil cannot be included in the types of soil formed according to the kind of
particles and their proportion ?
(A) Sandy soil (B) Clayey soil (C) Loamy soil (D) Rocky soil
(6) Which sublayer of horizon A is know as duff layer ?
(A) Aoo (B) Ao (C) A1 (D) A2
(7) Which Sublayer of horizon A is more developed in forest areas ?
(A) Aoo (B) Ao (C) A2 (D) A3
(8) Which horizon of soil is known as established layer ?
(A) D (B) C (D) B (D) A
(9) What per cent of soil gases is essential for development of plants ?
(A) 10 (B) 20 (C) 25 (D) 30
(10) What is the approximate quality of potable water on land ?

(A) 2.7 % (B) 7.2 % (C) 4.5 % (D) 5.4 %
(11) Which living organisms plays an important role to improve the soil
constitution ?
(A) Ant (B) Snake (C) Rat (D) Earthworm
(12) Which is a renewable natural resource ?
(A) Forest (B) Natural gas (C) Coal (D) Petroleum
(1) What is the percentage of oxygen in earth’s crust ?
(2) What is the percentage of silicon in earth’s crust ?
(3) Which soil is least fertile ?
(4) By which disintegration is soil formed ?
(5) Approximately what percentage of the earth is made up of land ?
(6) Which particle constituting the soil have maximum diameter ?
(1) Compounds of which two nonmetals are more in the earth’s crust ?
(2) Which are the main metallic elements in the compounds found in the earth’s
crust ?
(3) Which are the physical factors disintegrating rocks ?
(4) What are the advantages due to the improvement in soil constitution ?
(5) What are the advantages due to the improvement in soil constitution ?
(6) How many years does it take to form the uppermost 1 cm thick layer of the
earth’s crust ?
(7) Why is sublayer A1 called humus layer ?
(8) Which rock, among parental rocks, remains in the original form as constituent
of soil?
(9) Which organic substances are added to the soil through the dead bodies and
excreta of organisms ?
(10) Under which circumstances does the process of decomposition by
microorganisms become fast ?
(11) Which are the main factors casing soil pollution ?
(12) What percentage of land is covered with water ?
(13) What is the approximate quantity of potable water on land ?
(14) What is the effect of strong wind id desert ?
(15) Which substances used in agriculture pollute soil ?
(16) Why are trees like sisum, acacia cultivated in ravines ?
3. AIR
Q. 1. What is atmosphere ? Write the names of the main constituents present in the
atmosphere and also give their proportion.
Q. 2. Explain clearly the atmosphere.
Q. 3. State the main division of atmosphere and explain each of them.
Q. 4. Give information about pressure of atmosphere.
Q. 5. Write a note on oxygen.
Q. 6. Describe methods to prepare oxygen. [Figure is not necessary].
Q. 7. Give the properties of oxygen gas.
Q. 8. Write the uses of oxygen gas.
Q. 9. How is oxygen useful for welding or cutting of metal ?
Q. 10. How is nitrogen obtained commercially from air ?
Q. 11. Explain briefly, with the help of diagram, nitrogen cycle.
Q. 12. Draw a labeled diagram of nitrogen cycle.
Q. 13. State the properties of nitrogen.
Q. 14. State the uses of nitrogen gas.
Q. 15. When do nitrogen and oxygen combine in atmosphere and which produce do they
give ?
Q. 16. What is pollution ? Write different types of pollutions.
Q. 17. Write notes on air pollution.
Q. 18. Explain the effects of air pollution on living organisms.
Q. 19. Write the methods of prevention of air pollution.
Q. 20. How is the adverse imbalance created in atmosphere ?
Q. 21. What is greenhouse effect ? What happens if the temperature of the earth rises ?
Q. 22. Write notes on the dry form of acid rain.
Q. 23. Explain, in short, wet form of acid rain.
Q. 24. Write a note on the factors responsible for acid rain.
Q. 25. What damage is caused due to acid rain ?
Q. 26. Write the remedies (measures) to prevent acid rain.
Q. 27. Write short notes on acid rain.
(1) What is the reason for increase of amount of carbon dioxide in atmosphere ?
How
much is this increase ?
(2) Why does the atmospheric pressure decrease as one goes higher from the
ground level?
(3) What is the effect of air pollution on human beings ?
(4) What is the effect of air pollution on animals ?
(5) What is the effect of air pollution on plants ?
(6) What harm does acid rain cause to soil ?
(1) Air exerts pressure on us from all sides. Even then we are not crushed.
(2) Mountaineers wear special types of dress.
(3) A few drops of a concentrated acid are added to water before it electrolysis.
(4) Divers and mountaineers carry oxygen cylinders with them.
(5) More trees should be planted and they should be nurtured with care.
Q. 30. State your observations in the following :
(1) On introducing a burning candle….
(2) On introducing a smoking straw….
(3) On introducing a heated iron wire….
in a gas jar filled with oxygen.
Q. 31. Complete the following chemical equations and balance them :
(1) 4CrO3 Heat
(2) 2NaNo3 Heat

(3) 2KClO3 Heat
MnO2
Q. 32. Write the correct alternative from those given below each question :
(1) Which gas in the air has the highest proportion ?
(A) Carbon dioxide (B) Argon (C) Oxygen (D) Nitrogen
(2) Up to how may kilometers above the sea level is 99 % part of atmosphere
spread ?
(A) 10 (B) 20 (C) 30 (D) 40
(3) The amount of which gas is increasing slightly in the atmosphere ?
(A) Carbon dioxide (B) Hydrogen (C) Oxygen (D) Nitrogen
(4) Which instrument is used to measure atmosphere pressure ?
(A) Thermometer (B) Thermograph (C) Barometer (D) Voltameter
(5) For what protection do mountaineers wear special type of dress ?
(A) Against low pressure (B) Against high pressure
(C) Against ice (D) Against cold
(6) Which gas is used by human beings for respiration ?
(A) Nitrogen (B) Oxygen (C) Carbon dioxide (D) Hydrogen
(7) Which gas plays an important role in rusting of metals ?
(A) Oxygen (B) Nitrogen (C) Argon (D) Hydrogen
(8) By the reaction of which compound with water is oxygen prepared in the
laboratory ?
(A) CrO3 (B) NaNO3 (C) Na2O2 (D) KClO3
(9) What is the approximate proportion of gaseous pollutants in the substances
spreading pollution ?
(A) 90 % (B) 60 % (C) 45 % (D) 30 %
(10) Which gas is responsible for greenhouse effect ?
(A) Nitrogen (B) Oxygen (C) Carbon dioxide (D) Hydrogen
(11) Which element is harmful to essential bacteria in the soil ?
(A) Aluminium (B) Boron (C) Calcium (D) Magnesium
(12) Which of the following gases is not responsible for acid rain ?
(A) Sulphur dioxide (B) Nitrogen oxide (C) Oxygen (D) Carbon monoxide
Q. 33. Answer the following question in only on word or figure (number) :
(1) State whether the atmosphere of earth is suitable for living word.
(2) What is the region approximately 10 to 15 kilometers from the surface of sea
called ?
(3) Which region of the atmosphere is suitable for living beings ?
(4) Name the main constituents of air.
(5) The proportion of which gases is less in the air ?
(6) What is the meaning of 350 ppm ?
(7) Namethe divisio or layers of the atmosphere.
(8) What is troposphere ?
(9) Which region of the atmosphere is called stratosphere ?
(10) Against what does the ozone layer protect man ?
(11) What protect us aginst ultraviolet rays ? OR
How one gets protection from ultraviolet rays ?
(12) In which region of the atmosphere is the ozone layer located ?
(13) How does the human body sustain against the atmospheric pressure ?
(14) What is one atmosphere (atmospheric pressure) ?
(15) What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level ?
(16) On what does the pressure of atmosphere depend ?
(17) Name some compounds of oxygen.
(18) Which gas is responsible for rusting of metals ?
(19) What is added to water to make it a good conductor of electricity ?
(20) Which gases are formed due to electrolysis of water ?
(21) Write the equation of chemical reaction of electrolysis of water.
(22) Of which two gases is water compound ?
(23) From which compound is oxygen obtained ?
(24) Which gas is produced by the reaction between sodium peroxide and water ?
(25) Write the equation of the chemical reaction between sodium peroxide and
water.
(26) What is a catalyst ?
(27) How do aquatic animals get oxygen for breathing ?
(28) In what form does oxygen molecule exist in nature ?
(29) From which type of compounds is nitrogen obtained ?
(30) In which fertilizer is the proportion of nitrogen more ?
(31) What is pollution ?
(32) What are pollutants ?
(33) How does air get polluted ?
(34) Increase of which gas in the atmosphere induce the greenhouse effect ?
(35) State the main forms of acid rain.
(36) What is the effect on trees, if the proportion of sulphur dioxide increase in
air ?
(37) Which metal is harmful to bacteria ?
4. CELLULAR ORGANISATION
Q. 1. Explain the types of living organisms according to their cellular organization.

Q. 2. Write in short about cell.
Q. 3. Give information obtained by different scientists about a cell.
Q. 4. Draw labeled diagram of the following :
(1) Typical plant cell
(2) Typical animal cell
Q. 5. Give the structure of a cell of living organism.
Q. 6. State various organelles of the cell and their functions.
Q. 7. State differences between a plant cell and an animal cell. OR
Give three points of difference between a plant cell and an animal cell.
(1) Describe the physical structure of organisms having complex body structure.
(2) Name the animal tissues and plant tissues.
(3) Give Robert Hooke’s contribution in the information about cell.
(4) Mention the main concepts of the modern cell theory.
(5) What is a typical plant cell and animal cell ?
(6) State similarities between a plant cell and an animal cell.
(7) Which are the live components of cell.
(8) Which are the components in the constitution of cytoplasm ?
(9) What is the role of chromoplast in plant cell ?
(1) Cytoplasm is the center of biological activities.
(2) The nucleus is the controlling organelle of a cell.
(3) Vacuole is a characteristic of a plant cell.
(4) Mitochondria are call ‘the powerhouse’ of a cell.
(5) Chloroplast is the kitchen of a cell.
Q. 10. Write the correct alternative from those given for each question :
(1) Which is the structural and functional unit of a living organisms ?
(A) Cell (B) Tissue (C) Organ (D) Organ system
(2) What does the group of cells arranged according to the division of labour
form ?
(A) Tissue (B) Organ (C) Organ system (D) Living body
(3) Which of the following is an animal tissue ?
(A) Paranchymal (B) Collenchyma (C) Epitehlial (D) Sclerenchyma
(4) Which of the following is an plant tissue ?
(A) Connective (B) Xylem (C) Nervous (D) Epithelial
(5) Which instrument is used to study the structure of the cell of a living organism ?
(A) Micrometer (B) Telescope (C) Binocular (D) Microscope
(6) Which organelle is not present in a plant cell ?
(A) Vacuole (B) Golgi body (C) Centriole (D) Chloroplast
(7) Which organelle is not present in an animal cell ?
(A) Mitochondrion (B) Golgi body (C) Centriole (D) Nonliving cell wall
(8) Which is the center of vital biological activities in a cell ?
(A) Nucleus (B) Cytoplasm (C) Chromosomes (D) Centriole
(9) Which organelle of a cell is called the powerhouse of a cell ?
(A) Lysosome (B) Mitochondrion (C) Ribosome (D) Golgi body
(10) Which organelle of a cell contains digestive enzymes ?
(11) Which organelle of a cell plays an important role in the process of
protein synthesis?
(A) Lysosome (B) Mitochondrion (C) Ribosome (D) Chloroplast
(12) Which organelle forms bipolar spindle during the cell division in
animal cell ?
(A) Mitoshondria (B) Centriole (C) Lysosome (D) Ribosome
(1) What is a cell ?
(2) What is a unicellular organism ?
(3) Give illustrations of unicellular organisms.
(4) Give illustration of a unicellular protozoan.
(5) Which are the two types of organisms according to the number of cells ?
(6) What is a tissue ?
(7) What is a system ?
(8) Name the organs of digestive system in a human body.
(9) Name the scientist who first gave the information about cell.
(10) What is the living matter of a cell called ?
(11) Which instrument is used to study in detail the structure of the cell of a
living organism ?
(12) Name two German scientists who presented the cellular theory.
(13) Which are the two main parts of the structure of a living cell ?
(14) By which is the major part of a cell occupied ?
(15) What is cytoplasmic matrix ?
(16) Which are organic compounds in the constitution of cytoplasm ?
(17) To what is the inheritance of hereditary characteristics in living organisms
due ?
(18) Of which substance is the cell wall of a plant cell made up ?
(19) Give the function of cell membrane.
(20) What is the function of centriole in an animal cell ?
(21) Which is the center of vital biological activities in a cell ?
(22) What can be called a generalized cell ?
(23) Which stain will Rohit use to observe the nucleus of an onion cell ?
5. TRANSFORMATION OF MATTER
Q. 1. What is a physical change ? How does the physical change take place in matter ?
Q. 2. Explain the physical properties of matter.
Q. 3. ‘An engine does not run by water but runs by the steam of water.” Explain the
statement.
Q. 4. Explain exothermic reaction giving examples.
Q. 5. Explain endothermic reaction giving examples.
Q. 6. Explain the colour-change that takes place during chemical reaction.
Q. 7. Explain the reaction of metal with acid giving examples.
Q. 8. Give the usefulness of crystallization.
Q. 9. How will you obtain crystals of pure alum from alum powder ? [Figure is not
necessary.]
Q. 10. What is distillation ? Give its importance.
Q. 11. Explain distillation process with the help of neat diagram.
Q. 12. What is decomposition ? Explain decomposition reaction with the help of an
experiment.
Q. 13. Explain the decomposition reaction with an example.
Q. 14. Explain substitution reaction with the help of an experiment.
Q. 15. Explain substitution reaction with example.
Q. 16. What is precipitation ? Explain precipitation giving example.
Q. 17. Explain neutralization giving examples.
Q. 18. Explain oxidation-reduction reaction giving examples.
(1) Give illustration of a photochemical reaction.
(2) Give an illustration of colour change in a biochemical process.
(3) What is fractional crystallization ? What is its principle ?
(4) What device is made to purity a liquid boiling at a temperature less than 100
o
c by the method of distillation ?
(5) What is rearrangememnt reaction ? Explain rearrangement reaction giving
an example.
Q. 20. Sate your observations in the following reactions giving chemical equations :
(1) Placing (i) a piece of magnesium metal (ii) a piece of zinc metal (iii) an iron
nail … in copper sulphate solution ….
(2) Adding silver nitrate solution to copper sulphate solution ….
(3) Adding sodium hydroxide solution to solution of magnesium chloride ….
(4) Heating a crystal of ferrous suphate …
Q. 21. Complete and balance the following equations :
(1) CH4 + O2 Combustion

(2) FeSO4 Δ
(3) MgCl2 + Na2CO3 Precipitation
(4) NaOH + H2SO4 Neutralisation
(5) H2O Electrolysis

(1) Some cut fruits show change in colour when exposed to air.
(2) On placing an iron nail in copper sulphate solution it become reddish.
Q. 23. Define / Explain the following words :
(1) Physical chage
(2) Melting point
(3) Boiling point
(4) Endohtermic reaction
(5) Exothermic reactin
(6) Crystallisatin
(7) Distillation
(8) Decomposition
(9) Substitution reaction
(10) Precipitation
(11) Indicator
(1) What is the solid form of water ?
(A) Steam (B) Dew (C) Fog (D) Ice
(2)Which of the following would evaporate faster ?
(A) Water (B) Oil (C) Petrol (D) Kerosene
(3) What is the definite temperature at whicl solid change to liquid known as ?
(A) Melting point (B) Mixed Point (C) Boiling poibt (D) Triple point
(4) What is the melting point of ice ?
(A) O oC (B) O K (C) 100 oC (D) 100 K
(5) What is the boiling point of water ?
(A) O oC (B) 100 oC (C) O K (D) 100 K
(6) What type of reaction is breaking the bonds or reactants during a chemical reaction
(A) Endothermic (B) Exothermic (C) Rearrangement (D) Substitution
(7) How will you separate components from a mixture of salt and iron filing given in a
saucer ?
(B) By moving a magnet in the mixture
(C) By adding water to the mixture
(D) By filtering the mixture with a filter paper
(E) By moving the magnet on the edge of the saucer
(8) Which method will you use to separate the constituents of a mixture of copper
sulphate and common walt ?
(A) Filtration (B) Sublimation (C) Fraction crystallization (D) Precipitaiton
(9) By which chemical reactio is urea obtained form ammonium cyanate ?
(A) Rearrangement (B) Decomposition (C) Substitution (D) Precipitaiton
(10) Which of the following is an illustration of unit operation ?
(A) Reduction (B) Substitution (C) Decomposition (D) Distillation
(11) What is the molecular formula of urea ?
(A) NH4CNO (b) H2N-CO-NH2 (c) NH4NO3 (d) NH4Cl
(1) Why do physical changes occur in matter ?
(2) Write the states of matter.
(3) What type of properties does matter possess ?
(4) What is the melting point of ice ?
(5) What is the boiling point of water ?
(6) What is obtained on combustion of methane ?
(7) In which reaction do green plants use solar energy ?
(8) From which substances is glucose formed during photosynthesis in plants ?
(9) Write the chemical reaction of photosynthesis.
(10) What are the production of photosynthesis ?
(11) In whose presence does photosynthesis take place due to solar
energy ?
(12) What is obtained by the reaction of a metal with a dilute acid ? Write
one example.
(13) Give the common name of coppers sulphate and give its use.
(14) How is the rust formed on iron ?
(15) What type of compound is the iron rust ?
(16) Why are the green spots seen on copper vessels ?
(17) What type of reaction is ripening of fruit ?
(18) Give example of indicators.
(19) What colour does phenolphthalein give in a basic solution ?
(20) What colour does phenolphthalein give in a acidic solution ?
(21) Name the methods of purification of substances.
(22) Give the names of different chemical reactions.
(23) What is formed in the body as a result of decomposition of starch in
food ?
(24) What is the colour oF ferrous sulphate crystal ?
(25) Write molecular formulae of sulphur dioxide and sulphur trioxide.
(26) What is rearrangement reaction ?
(27) What is obtained on heating ammonium cyanate ?
(28) What is the colour of copper suplhate crystal ?
(29) What is formed when washing soda (Na2CO3) solution is added to
magnesium chloride solution ?
(30) What is the use of magnesium carbonate or magnesium hydroxide ?
(31) Between which two chemicals does neutralization take place ? Give
equation.
(32) What are the products of neutralization ?
(33) How is salt, produced due to the chemical reaction between an acid
and a base, obtained ?
(34) What is unit process ?
(35) Give illustrations of a unit process.
(36) What is unit operation ?
(37) Give illustration of unit operation.
6. METALS AND NON-METALS
Q. 1. Give characteristics of metals and non-metals available from nature and mention
their sources.
Q. 2. Give physical properties of metals.
Q. 3. Give physical properties of non-metals.
Q. 4. Compare the properties of metals and non-metals. OR
Give three points of difference between metals and non-metals.
Q. 5. Give chemical properties of metals with examples.
Q. 6. Give chemical properties of non-metals with examples.
Q. 7. Write short note one uses of metals.
Q. 8. Write short note on uses of non-metals.
Q. 9. Write short note on reactivity series of metals.
Q. 10. Give the uses of noble metals.
Q. 11. Write a short note on purity of gold in carat unit.
Q. 12. Give the names of the alloys, constituent elements and uses of following metals
(1) Iron (2) Copper (3) Aluminium
Q. 13. What is an alloy ? Give their uses.
Q. 14. Give properties of alloys.
Q. 15. Write short notes on corrosion.
Q. 16. How can metallic corrosion be prevented ? OR
State the measures to prevent corrosion.
Q. 17. Answer the following question in short :
(1) In which forms are metals found in nature ?
(2) What is mineral ? How is ore obtained from mineral ?
(3) Which metals are obtained from iron mineral ores and non-iron mineral
ores ?
(4) Give the names of useful ores which are industrially used.
(5) Give the main physical properties of metals.
(6) Give the main physical properties of non-metals.
(7) On which condition do the physical and chemical properties of metal and
non-metal depend ?
(8) Write the chemical reactions of a metal with oxygen.
(9) Write the chemical reaction of non-metal with oxygen, chlorine, hydrogen
and acid.
(10) Write the chemical reaction of a non-metal with an acid.
(11) State some metallic compounds which are useful in our family life.
Write oneuse of each.
(12) Explain briefly how the reactivity series of metals is formed.
(13) Explain the meaning of 22 carat gold.
(14) W2hat is a noble metal ?
(15) What is an alloy ? Give the name of known alloys.
(16) How can metallic corrosion be determined ?
(1) Copper is used to prepare conducting wire.
(2) Non-metallic elements are nonconductors of electricity.
(3) Non-metallic elements differ form metallic elements.
(4) Normally a metal reacts with an acid and liberates hydrogen.
(5) If a non-metal reacts with an acid, it cannot liberate hydrogen from it.
(6) Stainless steel is used to prepare household utensils.
(7) At the time of preparing gold or silver ornaments, some copper is added to
it.
(8) Iron is galvanized with zinc.
(9) It is not advisable to prepare ornaments of 24 carat gold.
(10) Corrosion of iron cannot be prevented by copper.
Q. 19. Define or explain :
(1) Raw ore.
(2) Polyatomic molecule
(3) Reactivity series
(4) Corrosion
(1) Which of the following elements has iron type ore ?
(A) Lead (B) Zinc (C) Manganese (D) Aluminium
(2) Which of the following elements has non-iron type ore ?
(A) Iron (B) Zind (C) Manganese (D) Tungsten
(3) Which metal exists in liquid form at normal temperature ?
(A) Mercury (B) Zinc (C) Sodium (D) Potassium
(4) Which non-metallic element exists in liquid form at normal temperature ?
(A) Fluorine (B) Chloride (C) Iodine (D) Bromine
(5) Which of the following properties is not possessed by metallic elements ?
(A) Produce ringing sound on stiking
(B) Low melting points
(C) Good conductors of electricity
(D) Drawn into thin wires
(6) Which of the following properties is not possessed by metallic elements ?
(A) Light in weight
(B) Non-conductor of electricity
(C) Hard but brittle
(D) Form positive ions by losing electrons
(7) What is the total number of non-metallic elements ?
(A) 10 (B) 11 (C) 22 (D) Infinite
(8) How many non-metallic elements are found in gaseous state at normal temperature ?
(A) 22 (B) 11 (C) 10 (D) 1
(9) How many atoms does a molecule of phosphorus contain ?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 8
(10) How many atoms does a molecule of suphur contain ?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 8
(11) Which are the constituent elements in alloy alnico ?
(A) Al, Ni, Co, Fe (B) Al, Co, Fe, Zn
(C) Al, Mn, Co, Fe (D) Al, Mn, Zn Fe
(12) Which are the constituents of alloy bronze ?
(A) Cu, Zn (B) Cu, Ni (C) Cu, Sn (D) Cu, Zn, Ni
Q. 21. Answer each of the following questions in one sentence :
(1) How was special type of iron (which does not rust) prepared in India in
ancient times ?
(2) Which metal is available in free state in nature ?
(3) Which metals are available in free state in nature ?
(4) Which metals are available in compound state in nature ?
(5) In which type of compounds are raw ores available ?
(6) Name the elements of raw ores of iron mineral type.
(7) Mention non-iron mineral ore.
(8) Which is the raw ore of aluminium ?
(9) Which is the ore of lead ?
(10) Name three precious minerals.
(11) Name four non-metal minerals.
(12) Give the types of classification of elements.
(13) In which forms are metals and non-metals available ?
(14) Which are the semimetallic elements ?
(15) Name five metallic elements.
(16) Name four metals which are comparatively lighter.
(17) Which two metals can be hammered into thin foils ?
(18) How many non-metallic elements are found in solid form at room
temperature ?
(19) How many non-metallic elements are found in liquid state at room
temperature ?
(20) Which non-metal is a good conductor of electricity ?
(21) Name four polyatomic molecules.
(22) Of which type are non-metallic elements ? (Electrically and
Thermally)
(23) Why do non-metals have a tendency to form negative ions ?
(24) Mention the reaction of sodium with hydrogen ?
(25) Which product is formed by the reaction of metal with oxygen ?
(26) Which property do metallic oxides possess ?
(27) Which property do non-metallic oxides possess ?
(28) Give two uses of silicon dioxide (sand).
(29) What is the use of silicon in a transistor ?
(30) Which compound of phosphorous is used to kill rats ?
(31) Which compound of phosphorus is used to preserve food grains ?
(32) Which compound of phosphorus is used as a strong hygroscopic
substance in chemical reactions ?
(33) Which non-metal is used in vulcanization of rubber ?
(34) Arrange Zn, Cu, Fe and Al in decreasing order of reactivity.
(35) Arrange Sn, Mg, Pb and Al in the increasing order of reactivity.
(36) In which unit is purity of gold measured ?
(37) On what basis is the price of gold determined ?
(38) How many carate is pure gold ?
(39) What is alloy ?
(40) Give properties of alloys.
(41) On what factors does metallic corrosion depend ?
(42) Which compounds are obtained from iron due to metallic corrosion ?
(43) What is the compound formed due to corrosion of iron called ?
(44) Which metal layer is applied to prevent corrosion of iron ?
(45) What is galvanized iron ?
7. CARBON
Q. 1. What is allotropy ? Give the different allotropic forms of carbon.

Q. 2. Explain the structure of diamond.
Q. 3. Give properties of diamond.
Q. 4. Explain the structure of graphite.
Q. 5. State the properties of graphite.
Q. 6. Give uses of graphite.
Q. 7. Write short note of fullerenes.
Q. 8. Write short note on coal.
Q. 9. Give uses of coal.
Q. 10. Explain lamp black and carbon black.
Q. 11. Explain the carbon dioxide cycle giving diagram.
Q. 12. How is carbon dioxide prepared ?
Q. 13. Explain the experiment to prepare carbon dioxide (in laboratory) giving diagram.
Q. 14. Give the physical properties of carbon dioxide.
Q. 15. Write chemical properties of carbon dioxide.
Q. 16. Write the sues of carbon dioxide.
Q. 17. Write short note on methane.
Q. 18. Explain the preparation of methane gas in laboratory giving diagram.
Q. 19. Write properties of methane.
Q. 20. Give the uses of methane.
Q. 21. Write note on ethane.
Q. 22. Give physical properties of ethane gas.
Q. 23. Explain the following reaction giving equations :
(1) Reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid …
(2) Passing carbon dioxide for a short time through lime water ...
(3) On passing carbon dioxide through lime water for a long time …
(4) Passing a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide over hot nickel at 300
o
c…
(5) Reaction of aluminium carbide with water …
(6) Reaction of hydrocarbon with oxygen …
(7) Reaction or ethylene with hydrogen in the presence of catalyst nickel …
(1) Diamond is very hard.
(2) Graphite is soft.
(3) Diamond is used in instruments for drilling.
(4) Graphite is used to prepare the lead of a pencil.
(5) Graphite is used as a lubricant at high temperature.
(6) On passing carbon dioxide through lime water for a short time it becomes
milky.
(7) Carbon dioxide is useful to extinguish fire.
Q. 25. Give the difference between diamond and graphite.
(1) What is the propertion of carbon in the upper crust of the earth ?
(A) 2.00 (B) 0.2 (C) 0.02 (D) 0.002
(2) Which element does not show allotrophy ?
(A) Carbon (B) Phosphorus (C) Sulphur (D) Silicon
(3) What type or network is formed in diamond by carbon atoms ?
(A) Three dimensional tetrahedral
(B) Three dimensional hexahedral
(C) Planar tetrahedral
(D) Planar hexahedral
(4) Which is the crystalline form of carbon ?
(A) Carbon black (B) Graphite (C) Charcol (D) Activated charcol
(5) Which acid affects diamond ?
(A) Chronic acid (B) Hydrochloric acid (C) Sulphur acid (D) Nitric acid
(6) What is the arrangement of carbon atoms in graphite ?
(A) Tetrahedral (B) Pentahedral (C) Heaxagonal (D) Octagonal
(7) What is the fullerene obtained by evaporation of carbon in vacuum known as
?
(A) Buckminster (B) Kroto (C) Football (D) Smalley
(8) With which compound does the fusion of graphite form carbon monoxide ?
(A) Sodium hydroxide (B) Sodium carbonate
(C) Chromica acid (D) Potassium hydroxide
(1) What is the atomic number of carbon ?
(2) What is the number of neutrons in an atom of carbon ?
(3) What is the proportion of carbon in the upper layer of the earth ?
(4) How many carbon atoms are linked with each carbon atom in diamond ?
(5) What type of bond do carbon atoms have in diamond ?
(6) What is the hardness of diamond ?
(7) What is the hardness of coin ?
(8) What is the specific gravity of diamond ?
(9) What is the specific gravity of graphite ?
(10) What is the solid form of carbon dioxide known as ?
(11) What is the colour of the flame when methane gas burns ?
(12) Write the molecular formula of ethane.
(13) Which catalyst is used to prepare methane gas by the reaction of
carbon monoxide with hydrogen ?
(1) In which form is carbon obtained ?
(2) What is anthracite coal ?
(3) Give the names of organic compounds used in daily life.
(4) Which other elements are present in coal along with carbon ?
(5) What is allotropy ?
(6) Which elements show allotropy ?
(7) Write the names of different allotropic forms of carbon.
(8) Discuss the structure of diamond. OR
What type of network is formed in diamond by the linking of carbon atoms ?
(9) Give use of diamond.
(10) Where are diamond mines in India ?
(11) What is carbonado ?
(12) Which type of structure does graphite have ? OR
What type of structure does carbon atoms form by joining with each other in
graphite ?
(13) When does the conductivity of graphite increase ?
(14) What is formed by the reaction of graphite with fluorine gas at 500
o
c?
(15) Which are the materials used in the preparation of crucible ?
(16) What are fullerenes ?
(17) Name the scientists who contributed in the invention of the form of
carbon
known as carbon-60.
(18) How is charcoal prepared ?
(19) What is ‘activated charcoal’ ?
(20) Why does charcoal absorb gases ?
(21) What is the peculiarity of activated charcoal ?
(22) Where is carbon black used ?
(23) What is the use of lamp black ?
(24) What is hydrocarbon ?
(25) What is soda lime ?
(26) Give the names and formulae of hydrocarbon compounds.
(27) How is biogas formed ?
(28) Write the reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen.
(29) State the use of ethane.
8. STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM
Q. 1. Write notes on atom.

Q. 2. Which are the fundamental constituents present in an atom. Give their electrical
charge.
Q. 3. Write notes on atomic orbit.
Q. 4. Explain the nucleus of an atom.
Q. 5. Explain the structure of an atom.
Q. 6. Explain the arrangement (configuration) of electrons in an atom giving illustrations.
Q. 7. Draw with explanation, the diagram of hydrogen, helium and oxygen atoms.
Q. 8. What is atom number ? Explain with example.
Q. 9. Write note on atomic weight.
Q. 10. Write short note on isotope.
Q. 11. Describe to the point : Isotopes of hydrogen giving examples.
Q. 12. Explain, with examples, the formation of positive ion form elements.
Q. 13. Explain, with examples, the formation of negative ion from elements.
Q. 14. Write note on valency.
Q. 15. Define valency. Give example.
Q. 16. Write note on bonding capacity of at atom.
Q. 17. How is a compound formed ? Explain with example.
Q. 18What is a simple chemical reaction ? Explain simple chemical reactions giving
example.
(1) Give the atomic number and electronic configuration of the following
elements :
Hydrogen, Helium, Oxygen, Argon, Aluminium, Calcium
(2) Find the atomic weight of an element, having atomic number18, with the
help of formula.
(3) Give difference between an element and its ion.
(4) What is ionization ?
(5) Mention the valency of Na, Cl, O, Mg, Ca and Al.
(6) What are electropositive and elements ? Illustrate.
(7) What are electronegative elements ? Illustrate.
(8) Give the symbol, mass and electric charge of microscopic constituents of the
atom of an element.
(9) The constituents in a compound lose their original property. Explain the
statement by illustrations.
(10) Give difference between electrically neutral sodium and reactive
sodium.
(11) Give difference between electrically neutral chloride and reactive
chloride.
(12) Give chemical formulae of five different compounds.
Q. 20. Explain the following reaction giving chemical equatin :
(1) Chemical reaction of carbon with oxygen …
(2) Chemical reaction of hydrogen with oxygen …
(3) Reaction of combustion of magnesium strip in presence of air ….
(4) Adding water to quick lime …
(5) Reaction of iron with (dilute) hydrochloric acid …
(6) Reaction of iron with copper sulphate …
(7) Reaction quick lime with carbon dioxide….
(1) An atom is electrically neutral.
(2) The chemical properties of the isotopes of the same element are not
different.
(1) Proton and Electron
(2) Proton and Neutron
(3) Electron and neutron
(1) What is the microscopic particle of an element possessing all the properties
of the element called ?
(A) Molecule (B) Atom (C) Electron (D) Proton
(2) Which constituent of an atom possesses positive charge ?
(A) Proton (B) Neutron (C) Electron (D) Non of these
(3) Which particles are present in the nucleus of an atom of an element ?
(A) Neutron and electron (B) Electron and proton
(C) Proton and neutron (D) Only neutron
(4) How many electrons can be accommodated in the fourth orbit of an atom of
an element ?
(A) 8 (B) 18 (C) 32 (D) Indefinite
(5) What is the absolute mass in grams of an electron ?
(A) 9.109 x 10-28 (B) 9.109 x 1028 (C) 1.673 x 10-24 (D) 1.673 x 1024
(6) What is the number of neutron in 27 Al ?
13
(A) 40 (B) 27 (C) 13 (D) 14

(7) There are 11 electrons, 11 protons and 12 neutrons in an atom of an element. What is
its atomic mass ?
(A) 11 (B) 22 (C) 23 (D) 34
(8) Which element forms positive ion ?
(A) Nitrogen (B) Oxygen (C) Sodium (D) Hydrogen
(9) Which element forms negative ion ?
(A) Calcium (B) Chlorine (C) Magnesium (D) Aluminium
(10) How many neutron are there in the nucleus of an atom of normal hydrogen ?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) Zero
Q. 24. Answer the following question in only one word or figure (number) :
(1) How many atoms can be arranged side by side in 205 cm length ?
(2) What is circular path of an electron around the nucleus called ?
(3) By which symbol is an orbit denoted ?
(4) By which symbol is the atomic number of an element denoted ?
(5) How many times is the mass of proton than that of electron ?
(6) How many times is the mass of neutron than that of an electron ?
(7) By which symbol is the weight of an element denoted ?
(8) Which chemist discovered the isotope of hydrogen ?
(9) How many neutrons are there in tritium – an isotope of hydrogen ?
(10) How many electrons are there is the outermost orbit of an inert element
(except helium) ?
(1) What is called the smallest microscopic part of an element ?
(2) What is an atom ?
(3) Which fundamental constituents are there in the nucleus of an atom ?
(4) What is orbit ?
(5) Mention the function of neutron.
(6) To which constituents is the weight of the nucleus of an atom due ?
(7) What is the maximum number of electrons that can be arranged in second, third
and fourth orbit ?
(8) What is electronic configuration ?
(9) What is the atomic number of an element ?
(10) On which constituents does the atomic weight depend ?
(11) What is atomic weight ?
(12) Give formula to determine atomic weight.
(13) Which element does not contain neutron ?
(14) What is isotope ?
(15) Which isotope of hydrogen has 1 neutron ?
(16) Give the names of isotope of hydrogen.
(17) Give the symbols of isotopes of oxygen.
(18) What is an inert atom ?
(19) Which elements have tendency to form positive ions ?
(20) Which elements have tendency to form negative ions ?
(21) What is stable electronic configuration ?
(22) What is valency ?
(23) What are valence electrons ?
(24) How is valency determined ?
(25) What is positive and negative valency ?
(26) What is bonding capacity ?
(27) On which factor does bonding capacity depend ?
(28) Define compound.
(29) What is as an ionic compound ?
(30) What is a chemical reaction ?
(31) What are reactions ?
(32) Define products.
9. REFRACTION OF LIGHT
Q. 1. What is refraction of light ?

Q. 2. Give two illustrations of refraction of light.
Q. 3. Draw a labelled diagram showing refraction of light through a rectangular slab of
glass.
Q. 4. Discuss an experiment of refraction of light through a rectangular slab of glass.
Q. 5. Write the laws of refraction (of light).
Q. 6. What is absolute refractive index ? When does one calculate the reactive refractive
index ?
Q. 7. Write the formulae for absolute refractive index of medium 1 and medium 2. Hence
1μ 2 = μ
obtain the formula 2 for the refractive index of medium 2 with respect of
μ
1
medium.
Q. 8. Explain the following Phenomena by figure :
(1) Why does a pencil dipped in water appears bent ?
(2) Place a coin in a metal vessel. The coin is seen when seen from the top. Move
your head away from the vessel till the coin in the vessel is not seen. Now ask
your friend to pour water in the vessel. The coin will be seen again.
Q. 9. Explain the structure of a prism with the help of a figure.
Q. 10. Discuss an experiment of refraction of light through a prism.
Q. 11. What is a spectrum ? Write the name of the colours observed to dispersion of
white light.
Q. 12. Draw the figure of dispersion of white light by a prism and name the colour
obtained.
Q. 13. What is dispersion of light ? What is the reason for that ?
Q. 14. Write a short note on rainbow.
Q. 15. What is the difference between the refraction of light in a glass slab and in a glass
prism ? What is the reason for this ?
Q. 16. Make clear with a figure how the dispersion of light made by one prism can be
cancelled by another prism.
Q. 17. Explain the concept of a convex lens.
Q. 18. Explain the concept of a concave lens.
Q. 19. Explain the meaning of the following words with reference to a vonvex lens :
(1) Centre of curvature (2) Radius of curvature (3) Principal axis (4) Focus (5)
Focal length
Q. 20. What is optical center ? Explain.
Q. 21. Explain how a carbon paper of cotton wool can be burnt with the help of a convex
lens ?
Q. 22. Discuss an experiment to determine the focal length of a convex lens.
Q. 23. Explain the focus of a concave lens with a figure.
Q. 24. Explain, with a figure, which two rays are used to obtain an image by a convex
lens.
Q. 25. Explain, with figure, on what does the focal length of a convex lens depend ?
Q. 26. By drawing necessary figure mention the position and type of an image when an
object is placed in front of a convex lens in the following positions :
(i) away from 2F (ii) on 2F (iii) between F and 2F (iv) between F and lens
Q. 27. Explain, by drawing a figure, the formation of image by a concave lens.
Q. 28. Give the principle of a simple microscope and explain its working. Write its use.
Q. 29. Draw a neat diagram of a compound microscope and write its principle. Explain its
construction and working.
Q. 30. Draw a labeled diagram of a compound microscope.
Q. 31. Write short note on a camera.
Q. 32. Draw a labeled diagram of a simple telescope and write its principle. Explain its
construction and working.
Q. 33. Draw a labeled diagram of a telescope.
Q. 34. Draw a labeled diagram of human eye.
(1) In which medium is the velocity of light more ? In a rarer or a denser medium ?
(2) Does refractive index have a unit ? Why ?
(3) Explain the meaning of airμwater.
(4) “A ray of light entering a rarer medium from a denser medium beds toward the
normal.” True of false ?
(5) What is the nature of the measures of the angles of incidence and refraction
when an oblique ray of light enters a glass slab from air ?
(6) What is the product of the refractive index of medium 2 relative to medium 1
and the refractive index of medium 1 relative to medium 2 ? Why ?
(7) Would a ray (Of light) entering glass from water bend towards the normal or
away from the normal ?
(8) Which colour, red or violet has less refractive index ?
(9) What arrangement will Kirtan make to show a spectrum to his friends in the
laboratory ?
(10) Is it necessary the both the radii of curvature of a lens are the same ?
(11) Which lens would you use to get a magnified image of an object ? A lens
with large focal length of the one with small focal length ?
(12) Discuss the image of the object at infinite distance from the convex lens.
(13) Give the change in the image when an object before the lens is brought
nearer and nearer to a convex lens.
(14) What is dose to obtain a distinct image in a camera ?
(15) How will you make a temporary simple microscope ?
(1) It is not advisable to take a bath in an unknown pond (reservoir of water).
(2) An object appears coloured when seen through a prism.
(3) A rainbow is seen mostly in monsson.
(4) A convex lens is a converting lens and a concave lens is a diverging lens.
(5) Watch repairers use a convex lens.
Q. 37Write the difference between :
(1) A convex lens and A concave lens
(2) A compound microscope and A telescope
(3) Simple microscope and Compound microscope
Q. 38 Solve the following examples :
(1) The absolute refractive indices or water and glass are 4/3 and 1.6 respectively.
Find the refractive index of glass with respect to water.
(2) The refractive index of diamond w.r.t. glass is 1.61. if the absolute refractive
index of glass is 1.5, find the absolute refractive index of diamond.
(3) The velocity of light in glass is 2 x 108 m/s and that in air is 3 x 108 m/s. find the
velocity of light in ice.
Q. 39 Write the correct alternative from those given for each questions :
(1) What is the phenomenon of changing the direction of a ray of light passing from
one transparent medium to the other know as ?
(A) Reflection (B) Refraction (C) Dispersion (D) Internal reflection
(2) What is the relation between the angel of refraction ® and the angle of
incidence (i), when a ray of light passes from a rarer medium to a denser
medium ?
(A) r=1 (B) r > i (C) r < i (D) No definite relation
(3) What happens when a ray of light passes from glass to air ?
(A) It deviate towards normal
(B) It deviates away from normal
(C) It does not get refracted
(D) It undergoes internal reflection
(4) For which angle of incidence of an incidence ray on a glass slab will the ray not
refract ?
(A) 0o (B) 30o (C) 45o (D) 60o
(5) How many times is the velocity of light n vacuum as compared to that in
water ?
(A) 2 (B) 1/2 (C) 4/3 (D) 3/4
(6) What is the value of airμwater.
(A) 2/3 (B) 3/2 (C) 4/5 (D) 5/4
(7) What is the absolute refractive index of water ?
(A) 4/3 (B) 3/4 (C) 1.5 (D) 1
(8) How many faces does a prism have ?
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6
(9) What is the angle formed between the incidence ray and the emergent ray in a
prism know as ?
(A) Angel of incidence (B) Angel of emergence
(C) Angel of refraction (D) angel of deviation
(10) Which colour is exactly in the middle in the spectrum obtained by a prism ?
(A) Violet (B) Green (C) Blue (D) Red
(11) Which colour is deviated minimum when a ray of white light passes through
the prism ?
(A) Violet (B) Green (C) Blue (D) Red
(12) How will you make a concave lens from two prisms ?
(A) By arranging the prism separately
(B) By arranging the prism on their bases
(C) By arranging the prism on their vertices
(D) By arranging the prism at some distance
(13) Which type of image is not obtained by a convex leans ?
(A) Real and diminished (B) Virtual and diminished
(C) Real and enlarge (D) Vertical and enlarge
(14) Which type of image is obtained by a concave leans ?
(A) Virtual, erect and diminished
(B) Real, inverted and diminished
(C) Virtual, erect and enlarge
(D) Real, inverted and enlarge
(15) Which part of the eye changes the focal length of the lens ?
(A) Pupil (B) Iris (C) Retina (D) Cilliary muscles
(1) When doe slight bend ?
(2) How much is the velocity of light in vacuum ?
(3) What is a refractive index ?
(4) How much is the absolute refractive index of glass?
(5) What is the velocity of light in glass ?
(6) What is the velocity of light in water ?
(7) What is the symbol of refractive index ?
(8) What is meant by the angle of deviation ?
(9) What is the symbol of angle of deviation ?
(10) What is a spectrum ?
(11) Mention the order of colours (going upward) in a spectrum of white light,
obtained by a prism.
(12) Which colour suffers maximum refraction when white light is passed
through a prism ?
(13) What is dispersion of light ?
(14) In which direction is a rainbow observed during evening time ?
(15) Define the focal length of a lens.
(16) Which lens is a convergent lens?
(17) Which lens is a divergent lens ?
(18) For which position of an object is virtual image obtained in a convex lens ?
(19) In which lens is image obtained always virtual ?
(20) What type of image is always obtained in a concave lens ?
(21) Which instrument is used to analyse a blood sample ?
(22) Mention the use of a telescope.
(23) Which part of the human body works like a camera ?
(24) Which part of the ye work like a lens ?
(25) What is the function of the lens in the eye.
10. MAGNETISM
Q. 1. Illustrate forces which exert themselves without contact.

Q. 2. What is the origin of the name magnetite ?
Q. 3. To what does the name ‘loadstone’ owe its existence ?
Q. 4. Poles are not mentioned on a magnet. How will you determine its poles ?
Q. 5. Determine the direction in which a freely suspended magnet comes to rest.
Q. 6. Describe the experiment explaining attraction and repulsion between the poles of a
magnet.
Q. 7. What is meant by magnetic field ?
Q. 8. Draw a diagram depicting magnetic field lines of a bar magnet.
Q. 9. How can we say that an isolated magnetic pole does not exist ?
Q. 10. What are magnetic field lines ?
Q. 11. Write the properties of a magnet.
Q. 12. A magnet is place in iron filings and then lifted. Observe the given figure. What
conclusion will you draw ?
Q. 13. What are magnetic poles ?
Q. 14. Explain geomagnetism.
Q. 15. What is a magnetic needle ? How is it supported ?
Q. 16. Explain construction and working of a magnetic compass.
Q. 17. What are domains ?
(1) A magnet free to rotate rests in north-south direction.
(2) A magnetic needle used in a magnetic compass.
(3) By bringing a magnet near a piece of iron, the piece behave as a magnet.
(1) What is the shape of a bar magnet ?
(A) Cuboid (B) Cylindrical (C) Horseshoe shaped (D) Needle shaped
(2) In which direction, will the north pole of a magnet that can rotate freely come to
rest ?
(A) South (B) North (C) East (D) West
(3) What is the region, in which the effect of the magnet is felt, known as ?
(A) Domain (B) Magnetic pole (C) Lines of magnetic force (D) Magnetic field
(4) In which part of a magnet is strong magnetic field found ?
(A) In the middle part (B) Near the pole
(c) Only near the north pole (D) Only near the south pole
(5) Which instrument is used to fined the direction at any place ?
(A) Barometer (B) Telescope (C) Magnetic compass (D) Binocular
(6) What is the shape of the magnet used in magnetic compass ?
(A) Cuboid (B) Cylindrical (C) Horseshoe shaped (D) Needle shaped
(7) When does the magnetism of two bar magnets get lost ?
(A) By wrapping each of them in cloth and keeping separately
(B) By keeping them with like poles nearer to each other
(C) By keeping them with unlike poles nearer to each other
(D) By keeping them in iron filings ?
(1) Mention the property of a magnetite.
(2) What is magnetism ?
(3) Which end of a magnet is considered a north pole ?
(4) Which end of a magnet is considered a south pole ?
(5) Which type of poles repel each other ?
(6) Toward which pole of a bar magnet will you take the north pole of magnet,
which is in your hand, to attract it ?
(7) In which part of a magnet is strong magnetic field found ?
(8) What is the use of magnetic compass ?
(9) What is responsible for magnetism of a magnet ?
(10) What are the small magnetized regions in a magnet know as ?
11. ELECTRICITY
Q. 1. Of which three fundamental particles is an atom made ? Mention the type of charge
on them.
Q. 2. ‘An atom is electrically neutral.’ Explain.
Q. 3. What is meant by ‘free electrons’ ?
Q. 4. Though free electrons are constantly in motion in a conducting wire, an electric
current does not flow in a conducting wire. Explain the statement.
Q. 5. What is meant by electric current ? Write its different units and the relations
between them.
Q. 6. What is ‘1 ampere electric current’ ? Name the instruments to measure an electric
current.
Q. 7. Calculate the number of electrons for a flow of 1 ampere electric in a conducting
wire.
Q. 8. What is meant by conventional current ? What is the direction of it ?
Q. 9. Explain the resistance.
Q. 10. What is electric potential ? Write the formula of electric potential and its unit.
Q. 11. Define electric potential and give its unit.
Q. 12. Explain potential difference, giving its definition. Give its unit and definition of
unit.
Q. 13. Write short note on Voltaic cell.
Q. 14. Draw a diagram of Voltaic cell and describe its constriction.
Q. 15. Define electromotive force and write its unit.
Q. 16. Write the principle of the dry cell and explain its construction and working.
Q. 17. Draw a labeled diagram of a dry cell.
Q. 18. Write short note on lead storage cell.
Q. 19. How is a storage cell superior to a dry cell ?
Q. 20. Draw a labeled diagram of a lead storage celll.
Q. 21. Of what substances are positive and negative electrodes of a lead storage cell
made?
Q. 22. How can a storage cell be recharged ?
Q. 23. Give brief information about a button cell.
Q. 24. Explain a simple electric circuit with the help of a drawing and show the direction
of current in it.
Q. 25. Examine whether the following substances are conductors or insulators :
Matchstick, pencil lead, strip of paper, piece of wood, paper clip, sugar solution, rubber,
strip of cloth, glass road.
Q. 26. Describe a simple experiment to show that magnetic field is associated with an
electric current.
Q. 27. Describe the experiment showing the magnetic lines of force produced on passing
an electric current through a long straight conductor.
Q. 28. What is a solenoid ? Draw a diagram of magnetic field produced by a current
carrying solenoid. To which other magnetic field is it analogous to ?
Q. 29. What is electromagnetism ? What is being studied in it ?
Q. 30. Draw neat figure of an electric bell. Write its principle.
Describe the construction and working of an electric bell.
Q. 31. Write the principle of an electric bell and draw its labeled diagram.
Q. 32. What is electromagnetic induction ?
Q. 33. Explain electromagnetic induction with the help of a diagram.
(1) Voltaic cell and Dry cell
(2) Dry cell and Storage cell
Q. 35. Solve the following examples :
(1) Calculate the number of electrons passing through any cross section of a
conductor when 1 mA current passes through it.
(2) Calculate the emf of a cell which supplies 1.5 joule energy to 2 coulomb charge.
(3) If 1020 electrons pass through any cross section of a conductor in 10 seconds,
what will be the electric current passing through it ?
(4) What will be the number of electrons in a substance on which 5 coulomb
negative charge is present ?
(5) When we say that the emf of a storage cell is 12 volt, what does it mean ?
(6) If 25 coulomb electric charge is passing at a point in a conductor in 10 seconds,
how much electric current should be flowing in that conductor ?
(7) 0.5 ampere current is flowing through a conductor. Find the number of electrons
passing through its cross section in 10 seconds.
Examples for Consolidation
(1) 3 x 10-2 coulomb electric charge pass at a point in a conducting wire in ½

minute. Find the electric current flowing in the conductor.
(2) 1 mA current flows through a conductor. In flow many seconds will 1016
electrons pass at any point in this conductor?
(3) If 1 μA current flows through a conductor for a minute, how many electrons
will pass at a point of its cross section ?
(1) Which is the unit of electric charge ?
(A) Coulomb (B) Ampere (C) Volt (D) Ohm
(2) What is the electric charge on an electron ?
(A) 6.25 x 10-19 coulomb (B) 6.25 x 10-18 coulomb
(C) 1.6 x 10-19 coulomb (D) 1.6 x 10-18 coulomb
(3) 1 microampere equals how many amperes ?
(A) 106 (B) 10-6 (C) 103 (D) 10-3
(4) Which is the formula to find the current (I) flowing through a conductor ?
(A) I = VR (B) I = QT (C) I = Vt (D) I = Q/t
(5) What is the unit of electrical resistance ?
(A) Coulomb (B) Ampere (C) Ohm (D) Volt
(6) By which symbol is resistance denoted ?
(A) Ω (B) ε (C) V (D) A
(7) What is unit of electric potential ?
(A) Coulomb (B) Ampere (C) Ohm (D) Volt
(8) What is the symbol of electromotive force ?
(A) Ω (B) ε (C) V (D) A
(9) Which scientist first studied the magnetic effect of an electric surrent ?
(A) Oersted (B) Coulomb (C) Volt (D) Faraday
(10) By connecting a substance (x) in electric circuit, the bulb lights up. What is
that substance ?
(A) Matchstick (B) Wood (C) Strip of paper (D) Graphite rod
Q. 37. Answer the following question in only one word or figure (number) :
(1) How many electrons constitute 1 coulomb electric charge ?
(2) What is the unit of electromotive force ?
(3) Of which metal is the positive terminal in Voltaic cell ?
(4) Of which metal is the negative terminal in Voltaic cell ?
(5) Which solution is filled in Voltaic cell ?
(6) Which cell can be recharged and reused ?
(7) Which principle is involved in the production of electricity in powerhouses ?
(1) Which elements have free electrons ?
(2) Of what substance are the positive and negative terminals, in a dry cell, made ?
(3) A paste of which two substance is filled in a dry cell ?
(4) Mixture of which two chemicals is filled in the porous cloth bag in a dry cell ?
(5) Which solution is filled as an electrolyte in a lead storage cell ?
(6) What are conductors ?
(7) Give illustrations of conductors.
(8) What are insulators ?
(9) Give illustrations of insulators.
(10) Mention Oersted’s observation.
(11) What was concluded from Oersted’s experiment ?
(12) Write the name of appliances working onhte principle of electromagnetism.
(13) Which field is produced by passing an electric current through a solenoid.
(14) How will Neha prepare a solenoid in the laboratory ?
12. MICROORGANISM
Q. 1. What are microorganisms ? Clarify their relationship with human beings

mentioning their various types.
Q. 2. Give the habitats of microorganisms.
Q. 3. What are the peculiarities of microorganisms ?
Q. 4. Where are algae found ?
Q. 5. Give the types of algae.
Q. 6. How do algae differ from other plants.
Q. 7. Explain blue-green algae.
Q. 8. Give information about diatoms.
Q. 9. Write a short note on algae.
Q. 10. Write a short note on usefulness of algae.
Q. 11. In what way is alga harmful ?
Q. 12. What are fungi ? Mention their types.
Q. 13. Where are fungi seen ?
Q. 14. Give different type of fungi.
Q. 15. Five short information about yeast, mucor and mushroom.
Q. 16. Write short note on usefulness of fungi.
Q. 17. Write two uses of algae and fungi.
Q. 18. Write four uses of algae.
Q. 19. How are fungi harmful ?
Q. 20. Write a note on fungi.
Q. 21. Wrtie short note on protozoa.
Q. 22. Draw labeled diagrams :
(1) Amoeba
(2) Paramoecium
Q. 23. State the habitat of protozoa.
Q. 24. Protozoa are useful as well harmful. Explain.
Q. 25. Bacteria are universal (omnipresent). Give scientific explanation.
Q. 26. Give type of bacteria according to the shapes.
Q. 27. Describe bacteria of different shapes.
Q. 28. Describe the size and structure of bacteria.
Q. 29. Explain how reproduction and growth take place in bacteria ?
Q. 30. Draw a labeled diagram of E. coli (Bacterium).
Q. 31. Give cellular structure and usefulness of E. coli.
Q. 32. Give the usefulness of bacteria.
Q. 33. How are bacteria harmful ?
Q. 34. Write a short note on bacteria.
Q. 35. Write a short note on viruses.
Q. 36. Give brief information about bacteriophage.
Q. 37. Draw a labeled diagram of bacteriaophage.
Q. 38. Name the diseases caused by fungus, protozoa, bacteria and virus.
Q. 39. ‘Human life is not possible in the absence of useful bacteria.’ Discuss this
statement.
(1) Algae are autotrophic.
(2) Bacteria are universal (omnipresent).
(3) Virus is a connecting link between living and non-living.
(4) Tuberculosis and leprosy are not diagnosed in their initial stages.
(1) Yeast and Mould
(2) Fungi and Algae
(3) Viruses and Bacteria
(1) Which microorganisms contains the pigment chlorophyll in its cells ?
(A) Algae (B) Fungus (C) Protozoan (D) Virus
(2) Which algae is of primitive type ?
(A) Green (B) Red (C) Blue-green (D) Brown
(3) What is the fungus growing on state bread called ?
(A) Yeast (B) Mucor (C) Mushroom (D) Penicillium
(4) The shape of hwhich protozoan is like a slipper ?
(A) Amoeba (B) Plasmodium (C) Paramoecium (D) Codosige
(5) Which protozoa is a parasite ?
(A) Amoeba (B) Plasmodium (C) Paramoecium (D) None of these
(6) Which bacteria live in the small intestine of human beings ?
(A) E. coli (B) Lactobacilli (C) Azotobacter (D) Rhizobium
(7) Which microorganisms have no cellular structure ?
(A) Bacteria (B) Algae (C) Viruses (D) Protozoa
(8) What is the protein cover present in the structure of virus called ?
(A) RNA (B) DNA (C) Capsid (D) Core
(9) What is the shape of bacteriophage ?
(A) Like a tadpole (B) Like a slipper (C) Like a spirillum (D) Like a coccus
(10) From which fungus is citric acid manufactured industrially ?
(A) Penicillium (B) Aspergilus (C) Rhizopus stolonifer (D) Yeast
Q. 43. Answer the following questioninone word or figure (number).
(1) Among microorganisms who prepare their own food ?
(2) What is the thallus of fungus know as ?
(3) What is the cell wall of a fungus made of ?
(4) What is the shape of yeast ?
(5) About how many microns is the diameter of yeast ?
(6) What is mushroom ?
(7) Which alga contains a large amount of protein ?
(8) Which alga fixes nitrogen in the soil ?
(9) Which fungus is used for fermentation ?
(10) What are the bacteria converting milk into curd called ?
(11) Which protozoan is responsible for disease malaria ?
(12) What is T-phage’s tail made of ?
(13) What is china grass ?
(14) What is used as culture for the development of bacteria in laboratory ?
(15) Who spreads the parasite protozoan of malaria ?
(1) What are microorganisms ?
(2) What is the shape of unicellular alga ?
(3) Why is blue-green alga place in prokaryota group ?
(4) Give examples of fresh water algae.
(5) Give examples of marine algae.
(6) Hoe does reproduction take place in fungus ?
(7) What is yeast ?
(8) By which methods does asexual reproduction take place in fungus ?
(9) Give three example of protozoa.
(10) Normally what is the size of a bacterium ?
(11) What type of bacteria live solitarily ?
(12) What is E. coli ?
(13) What are aerobic bacteria ?
(14) What are anaerobic bacteria ?
(15) Which instrument is used to study virus ?
(16) What are the shapes of viruses ?
(17) What is called animal virus ?
(18) What is called plant virus ?
(19) What is a bacteriophage ?
(20) Write full name of TMV.
(21) Write full name of FMDV.
(22) Write full name of BSV.
(23) Why is bacteriophage called T-phage ?
(24) How many types of T-phage age there ?
(25) Which are the two main parts in the structure of T-phage?
(26) Of what is the head of T-phage made ?
(27) From what us agar-agar obtained ?
(28) What is the use of the fungus Rhizopus stolonifer ?
(29) Which diseases are caused implants due to fungi ?
(30) Which bacteria fix nitrogen from air into soil ?
(31) Where do the colonies of bacteria Rhizobiumn live a symbiotic life ?
(32) Which bacterium releases nitrogen from nitrogenous compounds in the soil ?
13. SOME COMMON DISEASES
Q. 1. What is the importance of skin in our body ?

Q. 2. What is the arrangement in our body to prevent a disease ?
Q. 3. Give the information about contagious diseases caused by microorganisms.
Q. 4. Write short note on non-contagious diseases.
Q. 5. Explain :
(1) Pathogens (Pathogenic microorganism)
(2) Toxins
(3) Food poisoning
Q. 6. Give the information about the causes, symptoms and preventive measures of
cholera.
tuberculosis.
typhoid.
Q. 9. What happened to the patient in the serious condition of typhoid ?
Q. 10. Give the causes, symptoms and preventive measures of common cold.
chickenpox.
Q. 12. Give the causes of polio, its symptoms and preventive measures.
rabies.
Q. 14. How does the rabies occur ?
Q. 15. Give the causes, symptoms and preventive measures of malaria.
Q. 16. Give the causes, symptoms and preventive measures of dysentery.
Q. 17. What is a vaccine ? Mention why the vaccines are considered as blessing for
mankind.
Q. 18. Write short note on vaccination.
Q. 19. What is immunity ?
(1) Special caution should be taken in the case of contagious disease.
(2) A cholera-patient should be admitted to the hospital.
(3) It is necessary to put a handkerchief over the nose and mouth by a person
suffering from cold.
(4) It is necessary to give polio vaccine to the children.
(5) It is desirable to keep children away from a patient.
(6) Water should be boiled and then used during an epidemic.
(1) By which enzyme present in the tears of the eye are some type of bacilli
destroyed ?
(A) Lactase (B) Lysozyme (C) Protease (D) Lipase
(2) Which is the vector of the microorganisms of plague ?
(A) Housefly (B) Mosquito (C) Rats and fleas (D) Dogs
(3) What is the poisonous substance produced in food by bacteria know as ?
(A) Toxin (B) Vaccine (C) Steroid (D) Antibiotic
(4) Which microorganism cause cholera ?
(A) Fungi (B) Protozoa (C) Virus (D) Bacteria
(5) Which of the following is not the symptoms of cholera ?
(A) Stools white like rice water
(B) The body become cool
(C) Pulse rate drops
(D) High fever throughout the day
(6) In which disease does the patient release phlegm with blood ?
(A) Common cold (B) Typhoid (C) Tuberculosis (D) Cholera
(7) In the serious condition of which disease does the patient has delirium ?
(A) Typhoid (B) Cholera (C) Rabies (D) common cold
(8) Which disease is also known as hydrophobia ?
(A) Chickenpox (B) Polio (C) Rabies (D) Tetanus
(9) Which vaccine did Edward Jenner invent ?
(A) TB (B) Smallpox (C) Cholera (D) Polio
(10) Which disease is caused by virus ?
(A) Cholera (B) Malaria (C) Common cold (D) Typhoid
Q. 22. Answer the following questions in one word only :
(1) What are the microorganisms causing diseases called ?
(2) Which organ of the body forms the first protective layer ?
(3) In which disease are there stools like rice water ?
(4) Which microorganisms cause cholera ?
(5) Against which disease dose BCG give protection ?
(6) Which chemical is used to make water germ-free?
(7) In which disease symptoms like those of small pox are observed ?
(8) Due to the effect of which disease does a person become crippled ?
(9) Which disease is also known as hydrophobia ?
(10) Which disease does female anopheles mosquito spread ?
(1) How do microorganisms enter the human body ?
(2) What is the importance of mucus membrane inside the nose ?
(3) What destroys bacteria in the stomach ?
(4) What are contagious diseases ?
(5) Give the names of any three contagious diseases.
(6) Give the names of the diseases transmitted by contaminated food or water.
(7) Name three disease spread by the sputum of a patient.
(8) Write the full name of TB
(9) What are the types of TB ?
(10) Which microorganisms causes typhoid ?
(11) Which are the organs of the human beings wherein the viruses of polio
found ?
(12) In which animals are virus of rabies present ?
(13) Which microorganism causes malaria ?
(14) In which organ of the body does the disease dysentery occur ?
(15) Who invented the vaccine for smallpox ?
14. SOUCES OF ENERGY
Q. 1. What do you understand by a non-renewable energy source ? Give an example.

Q. 2. ‘A substance does not burn at a temperature below its ignition temperature’.
Explain.
Q. 3. Describe a simple experiment to show that oxygen is necessary for the combustion
of substance.
Q. 4. Draw a labeled diagram showing that oxygen is necessary for combustion.
Q. 5. Explain the types of combustion.
Q. 6. Explain combustible substance, supporter of combustion and (substance) inhibiting
combustion (Inhibitor of combustion).
Q. 7. What is afossil suel ?
Q. 8. Name fossil fuels. Explain how fossil fuels are formed.
Q. 9. In how many ways can fuel be categories on the basis of its form ? Give example of
each of these.
Q. 10. Write short note on : Wood
Q. 11. ‘Wood is renewable as well as non-renewable source of energy.’ Explain the
statement.
Q. 12. ‘It is necessary to understand the importance of growing more trees.’ Explain.
Q. 13. What is charcoal ?
Q. 14. Write short note on : Mineral coal.
Q. 15. Where are thermal power stations in Gujarat ? How many megawatts electricity is
produced in each of them ?
Q. 16. Give different uses of mineral coal.
Q. 17. Write short note on : Coke
Q. 18. How is water gas formed from coke ?
Q. 19. Write short note on : Petroleum
Q. 2. What components are obtained by destructive distillation of petroleum ?
Q. 21. Give the heat obtained from petrol, kerosene, diesel and fuel oil and give uses of
each of it.
Q. 22. State different types of gaseous fuels.
Q. 23. Write short note on : Natural gas
Q. 24. What is LPG ? Explain.
Q. 25. Give brief information about CNG.
Q. 26. Write short note on : Nuclear energy
Q. 27. Mention the personal, social and environmental effects of consumption of non-
renewable energy.
Q. 28. What is a renewable energy source ? Give examples.
Q. 29. Mention advantages of using renewable energy.
Q. 30. Write short note on : Solar energy
Q. 31. Mention natural uses of the solar energy.
Q. 32. Name the devices developed by men for utilizing solar energy. Mention use of
each of these.
Q. 33. Write short note on : Solar cooker
Q. 34. Write short note on : Solar water heater
Q. 35. Explain : Solar cell
Q. 36. Write short note on : Wind energy
Q. 37. What is a wind farm ? Write the names of places where these have been
established in Gujarat ?
Q. 38. Write short note on a windmill.
Q. 39. Write short note on : Hydro (Water) energy.
Q. 40. What is a hydroelectric power station ? Write the name of the places where these
have been established in Gujarat ?
Q. 41. Write short note on : Water wheel
Q. 42. Write short note : Biogas plant
Q. 43. Enumerate the reasons for the increase in energy consumption in India.
Q. 44. Explain mutual interactions between technology and science.
Q. 45. What precautions should be taken to sue energy sources judiciously ?
Q. 46. Give any eight points for the use of energy sources judiciously.
(1) Fossil fuel is anon-renewable energy source.
(2) Ethyl mercaptan is added to LPG.
(3) We should use non-renewable energy sources judiciously and economically.
(4) It is advisable to make more and more use of renewable energy sources.
(5) Biogas plant is a blessing to farmers.
(6) The inner surface of the box of a solar cooker is made black.
(1) Renewable energy sources and Non-renewable energy sources
(2) Complete combustion and Incomplete combustion
(3) LPG and CNG
Q. 49. Match the pairs :
‘A’ (Type of energy station) ‘B’ (Place)
(1) Thermal power station (1) Ukai
(2) Wind power station (2) Mehtan
(3) Hydroelectric power station (3) Lamba
(4) Nuclear power station (4) Ahmedabad
(5) Biogas plant (5) Makrapar
Q. 50. Classify the following fuels as either solid, liquid or gas :
Wood, LPG, kerosene, charcoal, CNG, coke, water gas, diesel, mineral coal, fuel oil,
petroleum gas
Q. 51. Classify into renewable and non-renewable energy sources :
Mineral coal, solar energy, petroleum, natural gas, biomass, wind energy, water energy
(1) Ignition temperature (2)Combustion (3) Fuel
(4) Energy plantation (5) LPG (6) CNG
(7) Nuclear energy (8)Wind power station
(1) Which of the following is a renewable source of energy ?
(A) Mineral coal (B) Biogas (C) Petroleum (D) Natural gas
(2) What is the colour of the flame when there us complete Combustion of fuel ?
(A) Blue (B) Yellow (C) Red (D) Black
(3) Which of the following gases is non-combustible ?
(A) Butane (B) Carbon monoxide (C) Carbon dioxide (D) Methane
(4) Which of the following is not a fossil fuel ?
(A) Mineral coal (B) Natural gas (C) Petroleum (D) Biogas
(5) Which type of coal contains less proportion of carbon ?
(A) Lignite (B) Bituminous coal (C) Anthracite (D) Coke
(6) Where is lower quality of lignite founding Gujarat ?
(A) Kandla (B) Than (C) Panandhro (D) Bhuj
(7) Of which two gases is water gas a mixture ?
(A) Methane and carbon monoxide
(B) Carbon monoxide and hydrogen
(C) Hydrogen and coal gas
(D) Coal gas and methane
(8) Which is the main component of natural gas ?
(A) Methane (B) Butane (C) Hydrogen (D) Ethene
(9) Which fuel smelling chemical is added to LPG ?
(A) Mehtane (B) Propane (C) Ethane (D) Ethyl mercaptan
(10) Where is the nuclear power station established in Gujarat ?
(A) Dhuvaran (B) Kakrapar (C) Ukai (D) Lamba
(11) Which energy gets converted into another energy during the process of
photosynthesis by green plants ?
(A) Chemical energy into light energy
(B) Solar energy into chemical energy
(C) Solar energy into heat energy
(D) Chemical energy into heat energy
(12) Which elements is used into constructing a solar cell ?
(A) Uranium (B) Aluminium (C) Silicon (D) Zinc
(13) Where, in Gujarat, is the largest wind farm established ?
(A) Lamba (B) Dhhank (C) Okha (D) Mandavi
(14) What is the by product in biogas plant ?
(A) methane (B) Organic manure (C) Agriculture garbage (D) Biomass
(15) Where is the largest collective biogas plant in Asia Situated in Gujarat ?
(A) Methan (B) Mahesana (C) Lamba (D) Mandvi
Q. 54. answer the following question in only one word of figure (number) :
(1) Which gas is necessary for combustion process ?
(2) 1 megawatt means how many watts ?
(3) What is formed on heating the mineral coal at high temperature in the absence
of air ?
(4) Which gas is converted into a liquid in LPG ?
(5) Which gas is the main constituents of LPG ?
(6) Which gas is the main constituents of CNG ?
(7) Which is the material from of solar energy ?
(8) What temperature can be generated in a solar cooker ?
(9) How many megawatt electricity is produced in the wind farm established at
Lamba ?
(1) What is energy ?
(2) In which two classes are the sources of energy divided according to the
availability of energy ?
(3) When does complete combustion of a substance take place ?
(4) When does incomplete combustion of a substance take place ?
(5) Which compound are usually the combustible substances ?
(6) Which two things are necessary to control fire ?
(7) What are inhibitors of combustion ?
(8) Which energy is stored in wood ?
(9) Which trees are selected for energy plantation ?
(10) Where are thermal power stations situated in Gujarat ?
(11) What is obtained by destructive distillation of coal ?
(12) What is water gas ?
(13) Which hydrocarbon can be obtained from water gas ?
(14) What is petroleum ?
(15) Where is petroleum found in Gujarat ?
(16) Where is petroleum found in India ?
(17) Which are the components of petroleum gases obtained by destructive
distillation of petroleum ?
(18) How is nuclear energy obtained in a nuclear reactor ?
(19) In which forms does the sun give us energy ?
(20) Where do we use of solar cell ?
(21) What is the form of energy associated with wind and flowing water ?
(22) Which energy is stored in the water stored in a dam at height ?
(23) What is obtained from biomass by the modern method ?
15. FOOD (CROP) PRODUCTION AND FOOD (CROP)

MANAGEMENT
Q. 1. How did agriculture begin ?

Q. 2. Name any four phases of agriculture practice.
Q. 3. Describe method of preparing soil (for cultivation).
Q. 4. How are seeds and grains selected ? OR
What should be kept in mind for selection of seeds ?
Q. 5. What is sowing ? Explain the utility of the implements used in sowing.
Q. 6. How is sowing of paddy and some vegetable done ?
Q. 7. Which precautions should be taken during sowing ?
Q. 8. Write a short note on : Tissue culture
Q. 9. Write a short note on : Manuring
Q. 10. Explain various kinds of manures.
Q. 11. Explain advantages and disadvantages of fertilizers.
Q. 12. Write short notes on : Sprinkler method.
Q. 13. What is irrigation ? Describe drip method of irrigation.
Q. 14. Which method of irrigation would you use for cultivation of rose plants with less
water ? Explain that method.
Q. 15. Name different types of weeds. State the methods to remove weeds.
Q. 16. Write short note on : Crop protection
Q. 17. Give the disadvantage of the pesticides used for crop protection.
Q. 18. Name common pesticides used for crop protection.
Q. 19. What is biological control ? How is it done ? Give its advantage.
Q. 20. Write note on : Harvesting
Q. 21. Which are the two seasons of taking crop in our country ? What a re the period of
these seasons ?
Q. 22. What care should be taken for storage of crop.
Q. 23. What is crop improvement ? How can it be achieved ?
Q. 24. Give the advantages of multilayered (Mixed crop) method.
Q. 25. Give brief information about animal husbandry.
Q. 26. Which industries are associated with animal husbundry ?
Q. 27. Write a note on : Dairy industry
Q. 28. State the importance of dairy industry.
Q. 29. Explain pasteurization.
Q. 30. Explain the methods for pasteurization in dairies.
Q. 31. Write a short notes on : Poultry farming
Q. 32. What care should be taken for rearing fowls ?
Q. 33. Explain two methods of raising in poultry.
Q.. 34. Name various breeds of fowls.
Q. 35. What is fishery ? Name implements required in fishery.
Q. 36. Give brief information about fishery.
Q. Give information about development of fishery in Gujarat.
Q. 37. Give used of fish products.
Q. 38. ‘Poultry and fishery are the main pillars for non-vegetarianism.’ Explain.
Q. 39. Write a short note on : Apiculture
Q. 40. What care should be taken during raising honey-bees ?
Q. 41. Give information about products obtained by apiculture.
Q. 42. What is cattle resource ? Which aspects must be considered for its conservation ?
Q. 43. Write short note on : Cattle habitat OR
What precautions must be taken in cattle habitat ?
Q. 44. Mention six points to be kept in mind for cattle habitat.
Q. 45. Write a short note on : Cattle nutrition
Q. 46. What is animal breeding ?
Q. 47. Which are the two main methods of animal breeding ?
Q. 48. Explain the importance of cattle health care.
(1) Agriculture is the basic foundation of Indian economy.
(2) Scientific approach is essential in agriculture.
(3) Soil must be properly treated to get multi crop production.
(4) Agriculture experts are the true friends of farmers.
(5) Weeds are an unavoidable evil.
(6) Cattle-raising (animal husbandry) is a supplementary profession.
(7) Milk is a quick spoilt food item.
(8) Development of poultry farming is essential in India.
(9) In fishery, facility of cold storage is inevitable.
(1) Tilling (2) Seeds (3) Transplanting (4) Transplantation (5) Manure
(6) Vermitechnology (7) Weeds (8) Pest (9) Harvesting
(10) Kharif crop (11) Ravi crop (12) Mixed crop (13) Dairy industry
(14) Pasteurisation (15) Apiculture (16) Animal husbandry
(1) For sowing of which crop is seeding prepared ?
(A) Wheat (B) Paddy (C) Bajra (D) Maize
(2) Which trace element in manure is necessary for the development of plants ?
(A) Calcium (B) Magnesium (C) Maganese (D) Potassium
(3) Which fertilizer in the long run has adverse effect on soil ?
(A) Chemical fertilizer (B) Biofertilizer
(C) Organic fertilizer (D) Vermi fertilizer
(4) Which of the following is not used for crop protection ?
(A) Lindane (B) Aldrin (C) BHC (D) Potassium permanganate
(5) Which is effectively used for crop protection against termites ?
(A) A mixture of calotropis, tobacco and neem seeds
(B) Goat excreta
(C) Capsicum powder
(D) Wild amorphophallus
(6) Which of the following is not a kharif crop ?
(A) Wheat (B) Maize (C) Paddy (D) Groundnut
(7) Which is not a harvest restivel ?
(A) Pongal (B) Diwali (C) Kite festivel (D) Bihu
(8) What is used to make gunny bags, for storing crop, insect free ?
(A) Aldrin (B) BHC (C) Chlorine (D) Malathion
(9) Which appliance is used to separate grains from chaff ?
(A) Sprayer (B) Thrasher (C) Tractor (D) Harrow
(10) Which method is used for long time storage of milk ?
(A) Pasteurisation (B) Dry storage (C) Cold storage (D) Hybridization
(11) Which breed of oul give move eggs ?
(A) Brahma (B) Cochin (C) White leghorn (D) Nicobari
(12) Which breed of foul is considered best both for flesh and eggs ?
(A) Rhode Island Red (B) Black Minora (C) Cochin (D) Brahma
(13) Which is the edible marine fish ?
(A) Rohu (B) Cutla (C) Pomfret (D) Mrugal
(14) Which is the edible fresh water fish ?
(A) Rohu (B) Boomla (C) Pomfret (D) Salmon
(15) What is the by-product of honeycomb ?
(A) Grease (B) Wax (C) Sugar (D) Vitamin
Q. 52. Answer the following in only one word or figure (number) :
(1) What is the implement for sowing know as ?
(2) What is the top of the drill called ?
(3) Which implement is used to remove thorny weeds ?
(4) What is the group of cells formed as a result of carrot by the method of tissue
culture?
(5) Which biologist developed a complete plant of carrot by the method of tissue
culture ?
(6) Which method of irrigation is best for vegetables and fruits ?
(7) During which months is kharif crop sown ?
(8) During which months is ravi crop harvested ?
(9) Which process is done to remove husks from grains ?
(10) About how many eggs does an egg laying hen lay in a year ?
(1) What is the main aim of agricultural practice ?
(2) Which popular Gujarati adage refers to agriculture ?
(3) Name the implements used for tilling of soil.
(4) How can a barren land be made productive ?
(5) What should be the nature of seeds ?
(6) What are the three main types of manures ?
(7) What is the formation of organic manure due to ?
(8) Which are the main nutritive elements in a chemical fertilizer ?
(9) Which microorganisms occur in the constitution of biofertilizers ?
(10) Name two modern methods of irrigation.
(11) Which mixture is effective for crop protection against termites ?
(12) What is used to drive away rats from a field ?
(13) Which are the two seasons to take crop in our country ?
(14) During which months is kharif crop sown ?
(15) During which months is kharif crop harvested ?
(16) During which months is ravi crop sown ?
(17) During which months ravi crop harvested ?
(18) Which are the harvest festivals in India ?
(19) What care should be taken before using old gunny bags (sacks of jute) to
store crop?
(20) What is used to protect stored grains against insects ?
(21) Name four breeds of milch cows.
(22) Name four breeds of milch buffaloes.
(23) Name two edible fish of salt (marine) water.
(24) Name two edible varieties of fish of fresh water.
(25) Which vitamins are there in the oil obtained from liver of Shark and Cod
fish ?
(26) What is inland fishery ?
(27) How does a honeybee prepare honey ?
(28) Which animals are included in cattle resources ?
(29) Which contagious disease do cattle contact ?
(30) Name the habitat of cattle.
QUESTION PAPER 1
FOR THE FIRST EXAMINATION
[Syllabus : Chapter 1 to 6 and 9 ]
Time : 2 hours Total Marks : 50
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Write the correct alternative from those given for each question : [1 mark each]
1. Which layer of the soil is called the established layer ?
(A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D
2. By the reaction of which compound with water is oxygen prepared in the
laboratory ?
(A) KClO3 (B) NaNO3 (C) Na2O2 (D) CrO3
3. Which organelle of the cell contains digestive enzyme ?
4. Which type of reaction is the breaking of bonds of reactants during a chemical
reaction ?
(A) Exothermic (B) endothermic (C) Decomposition (D) Rearrangement
5. How many non-metallic elements exist in gaseous state at normal temperature ?
(A) 1 (B) 10 (C) 11 (D) 22
6. What is the value of waterμglass ?
(A) 2/5 (B) 5/2 (C) 4/5 (D) 5/4
Answer the following question in one sentence each : [1 mark each]
7. What are inner planets ?
8. Which type of soil has low water-holding capacity ?
9. What are pollutants ?
10. What is the cell wall of a plant cell made up of ?
11.What is a substitution reaction ?
12.Ores of which elements are of iron mineral type ?
13.What is the angel of deviation ?
Answer the following question in short : [2 marks each]
14.Give scientific explanation : We can see only one side of the moon.
15.Write any four properties of nitrogen gas.
16.Mention the main concepts of the modern cell theory.
17.Give the importance of the distillation process.
18.Draw a figure showing the formation of the image when the object is placed
between F and 2F in front of a convex lens. State the position and type of the
image.
19.Describe the diversities in colour, mass and volume in stars.
20.State physical properties of metals (any six)
21.State the function of the cell organelles :
(i) Golgi body, (ii) Mitochondrion and (iii) Chloroplast
22. Explain substitution reaction with the help of a simple experiment.
23. Give general information about any two constituents of soil.
Answer the following question to the point : [4 marks each]
24. Describe the experiment of refraction of light through a rectangular slab of
glass.
25. Write s note on corrosion of metals.
26. Explain interrelationship between the soil and soil organisms.
OR
Write a note on air pollution
QUESTION PAPER 2
FOR THE SECOND EXAMINATION
[Syllabus : Chapter 7, 8, 10, 11 13; chapters 1 to 6 and 9 ]
Time : 2 hours Total Marks : 50
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Write the correct alternative from those given for each question : [1 mark each]
1. What is the molecular formula of ethane ?
(A) CH4 (B) C2H4 (C) C2H6 (D) C3H6
2. What are the numbers of protons and neutrons in an atom of sodium having
atomic number 11 and atomic mass 23 ?
(A) 11, 23 (B) 11, 12 (C) 12, 23 (D) 12,11
3. Which instrument is used to measure electric current ?
(A) Voltmeter (B) Voltameter (C) Ammeter (D) Electric cell
4. Which disease does female anopheles mosquito spread ?
(A) Malaria (B) Dysentery (C) Polio (D) Typhoid
5. How many later does the moon rise on successive days ?
(A) 4 minutes (B) 13.5 minutes (C) 27.3 minutes (D) 50 minutes
6. In which region of the atmosphere is the ozone layer located ?
(A) Troposphere (B) Stratosphere (C) Hydrosphere (D) Lithosphere
Answer the following question in one sentence each : [1 mark each]
7. What is activated charcoal ?
8. What is magnetism of a magnet due to ?
9. What is one ampere electric current ?
10.Who invented the vaccine for smallpox ?
11.Name two organelles which are present in a plant cell but not in an animal cell.
12.Name any one alloy of copper and its constituents.
13.On which two planets would the sun appear rising in the west ?
14.State your observation giving chemical equation, when carbon dioxide gas is
passed through clear lime water for a short time.
15.Define electromotive force and write its unit.
16.Draw diagrams of cholera and typhoid bacteria.
17.Explain precipitation reaction giving one example.
18.Give two points of difference between convex lens and concave lens.
19.Explain : Lamp black and Carbon black
20.20. Explain the construction of Voltaic cell with the help of a neat, labeled
diagram.
21.Give two causes, two symptoms and two preventive measures of typhoid.
22.Explain greenhouse effect.
23.Explain oxidation-reduction reaction giving examples.
Answer the following question to the point : [4 marks each]
24.Write a note on atomic weight.
25.Explain, giving diagram, the preparation of methane gas in the laboratory.
26.Explain the construction and working of a magnetic compass.
OR
What is a solenoid ? Draw a diagram of magnetic field produced by a current
carrying solenoid. To which other magnetic field is it analogous to ?

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SCIENCE AND

Q. 1. Write short note on : Diversity in stars

Q. 22. Answer each of the following question in one sentence :

Q. 1. Write in short, about a light year.

(10) What is the approximate quality of potable water on land ?

(2) 2NaNo3 Heat

Q. 1. Explain the types of living organisms according to their cellular organization.

(1) CH4 + O2 Combustion

(3) MgCl2 + Na2CO3 Precipitation

(4) NaOH + H2SO4 Neutralisation

(5) H2O Electrolysis

Q. 22. Give scientific explanation :

6. METALS AND NON-METALS

Q. 1. What is allotropy ? Give the different allotropic forms of carbon.

Q. 1. Write notes on atom.

(A) 40 (B) 27 (C) 13 (D) 14

Q. 1. What is refraction of light ?

Q. 1. Illustrate forces which exert themselves without contact.

(1) 3 x 10-2 coulomb electric charge pass at a point in a conducting wire in ½

Q. 1. What are microorganisms ? Clarify their relationship with human beings

13. SOME COMMON DISEASES

Q. 1. What is the importance of skin in our body ?

14. SOUCES OF ENERGY

Q. 1. What do you understand by a non-renewable energy source ? Give an example.

15. FOOD (CROP) PRODUCTION AND FOOD (CROP)

Q. 1. How did agriculture begin ?

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