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Harmonic Mitigation
The Definition PQ Standard
The Presence Mitigation
The Characteristic Active Harmonic Filter
The Sources Solution
The Effect
Definition
Harmonic are the presence of Multiples of
fundamental frequency of current or voltage which
distort the ideal sine waves.
the ideal sine waves
Un or In : Individual Harmonic on order “n” (V/A)
U1 or I1 : Fundamental Current / Voltage (V / A)
Presence of Harmonic
Ch i i fH i
Characteristic of Harmonic
Ch t i ti f H i
Characteristic of Harmonic
Harmonic Order No
Harmonic Order No.
Zero Sequence Harmonic 3,9,15,21,27,….
Negative Sequence Harmonic 5,11,17,23,29,….
Positive Sequence Harmonic 1,7,13,19,25,….
The Sources of Harmonics – by Sector
Sector Sources Application
pp
Copper / Core Losses : Energy losses which converted to
heat through conductor.
I (Current) will increased Quadratically
I (C ) ill i d Q d i ll along with
l i h
increased current harmonics.
R (Ohm) will increased along with harmonics due to
high frequency properties carried by the harmonics.
Higher Copper losses = high temperature of the cable
g pp g p
and less efficient of energy transferred.
Eff C bli S
Effect on Cabling System
Effect on Induction Motor
Choose
Calculate the
C l l t th
Load Profiling Compensation Define AHF
Total Load
Level
Load Profiling
oad o g
Harmonic Estimation for New
Harmonic Estimation for New
Project
Example:
1.Load Profiling: Knowing what kind of non‐linear Load
VSD 6 Pulse Rectifier with 2‐3% Line Reactor,
VSD 6 P l R ifi i h % Li R
Specification : 75KW, at 400V, PF 0.8
2. Calculate the Total Current generated: 135 A
3. Find Estimation of THD of selected non linear load : 44%
3. Find Estimation of THD of selected non‐linear load : 44%
4. Active Harmonic Filter Needed : 44% x 135A = 60A ‐> 100A
with assumption of Total Compensation of Harmonic
Harmonic Mitigation Outline
Harmonic Mitigation Outline
For Existing Site
Analyse the
Choose
R
Report and
t d
Measurement Compensation Define AHF
Calculate
Level
Amps
Measurement
Step During Measurement:
p g
Analyse the Single Line Diagram
Finding the PCC ( Point of Common Coupling )
Define the Limit Tolerance and measure
D fi th Li it T l d
Goals during Measurement:
g
Full Load Spectrum of Harmonics
Sectoral Behaviour
Factory Behavior :Usage of Machines, Working Shift
B h i f hi W ki Shif
Commercial Behavior : Peak Hours, Load Profiling
Power Quality Analysis : Voltage Dip, Unbalance,
Q y y g p, ,
Interruptions, etc.
Harmonic Estimation for Existing
Harmonic Estimation for Existing
Site
Statistical Report Analysis to find Total Harmonic
Current:
Average and Median
Harmonic Estimation for Existing
Harmonic Estimation for Existing
Site
Assuming:
Total HarmonicDistortion Current : 20% x 800A = 160A
C
Compensation Level IEEE 519 : Limit 8% Tolerance.
i L l IEEE Li i % T l
AHF Needed= 12% x 800A = 96A
Compensation Level = Full Compensation
AHF Needed = 20% x 800A = 160A
AHF Needed 20% x 800A 160A
Linear Forecasting Capacitor
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