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Introduction
Most large induction motors are started directly on line, but when very large
motors are started that way, they cause a disturbance of voltage on the supply lines
due to large starting current surges. To limit the starting current surge, large
induction motors are started at reduced voltage and then have full supply voltage
reconnected when they run up to near rotated speed.
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Two methods of reduced voltage starting are star delta starting and
autotransformer stating. Contactors perform the switching action in the starter to
connect and disconnect the power supply to the motor. If the current is above the
rated current for the motor, the contactor will be tripped automatically to
disconnect the motor from the supply.
A three phase supply is given to the stator of the three phase induction motor, and
this in turn produces a magnetic field which revolves in space around the stator. As
if the magnetic poles are being rotated, the speed of the rotating magnetic field is
given by
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N = 120 f /P
Starting Principle
The high starting current will produce severe a voltage drop and will affect the
operation of other equipment. It is not desirable to start large motors direct on line
(giving full voltage to the stator). Normally with motors beyond 5 HP, starters are
provided. For reduction in the starting current, a lower voltage is applied to the
stator, especially for the squirrel cage induction motors. Full voltage is only applied
when the motor picks up speed.
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5. Protection must be provided for the motor. Some of the safety protections x
2. Star-Delta Starter
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A three phase motor will give three times the power output when the stator
windings are connected in delta than if connected in star, but will take 1/3 of the
current from the supply when connected in star than when connected in delta. The
starting torque developed in star is ½ that when starting in delta.
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4. More complicated than the DOL starter, a motor with a star-delta starter may x
not produce sufficient torque to start against full load, so output is reduced
in the start position. The motors are thus normally started under a light load
condition.
5. Switching causes a transient current which may have peak values in excess of
those with DOL.
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1. This starter is used with a wound rotor induction motor. It uses an external
resistance/phase in the rotor circuit so that rotor will develop a high value of
torque.
2. High torque is produced at low speeds, when the external resistance is at its
higher value.
3. At start, supply power is connected to stator through a three pole contactor
and, at a same time, an external rotor resistance is added.
x
4. The high resistance limits staring current and allows the motor to start safely
against high load.
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and slip rings to each rotor phase. They are tapped with points brought out
to fixed contactors.
6. As the motor starts, the external rotor resistance is gradually cut out of
circuit ; the handle or starter is turned and moves the three contacts
simultaneously from one fixed contact to the next.
7. The three moving contacts are interconnected to form a start point for the
resistors.
8. To ensure that the motor cannot be started until all rotor resistance is in
circuit, an interlock is fitted which prevents the contactors from being closed
until this condition is fulfilled.
Image Credits
https://www.johnson-pump.com/Horticulture/quickstart-motor.htm
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korndorfer_starter x
www.allaboutcircuits.com/worksheets/acmcc.html
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engineering tips • 2 years ago
Thanks for a great article. I need to calculate the starting current required by motor through a star
delta starter. could you please advise some formula to calculate starting current in Delta
configuration & star delta configuration?
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