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RCC STEEL

Lightness: RCC structures are heavy sections. Lightness: The steel structures are very light in
comparison to other structures such as concrete
structures

High strength and stiffness per weight: RCC High strength and stiffness per weight: The
structures are stiff and they possess low steel are very stiff and they possess a high
strength to weight ratio. strength to weight ratio.

Ease of fabrication and mass production: RCC Ease of fabrication and mass production: It is
structures are casted on site and can be used easy to fabricate a steel structure so it is
for mass construction. They cannot be generally used for mass construction. The steel
removed and replaced easily. members can be easily replaced, assembled and
disassembled.

Fast and easy erection and installation: RCC Fast and easy erection and installation: The
structures are monolithic structures mostly steel structures can be erected very easily and
and require minimum curing duration for faster than many other structures. The steel
attaining required compressive strength to structures can be used soon after their erection
carry loads.
No sudden failure: RCC structures are mostly No sudden failure: Steel being a ductile material
under reinforced which does not fail suddenly does not have sudden failure, rather it gives
and gives clear indication by deflection before clear indication by deflection before failure.
failure.
Formwork needed: RCC structures require Formwork unneeded: Unlike concrete
formwork. structures, the steel structure does not need any
kind of formwork

Atomic structures: RCC is preferred to steel Atomic structures: Steel is generally not
for pressure vessel construction due to the preferred.
superior radiation absorption characteristics
of high strength and high-density concrete.
Time: RCC demands more time for its Time: Steel construction saves more than 50%
construction. of time for construction than concrete precast
construction.
Cost: RCC construction requires less cost for Cost: Steel construction requires more costs.
its construction.
 The node displacement in Steel structures is less than that in RCC structure in both
the loading cases- wind load and seismic load.
 Column forces in R.C.C. structure is on higher side than that of Steel structure in case
of seismic loading.
 Column forces in G+15 and G+ 20 RCC and Steel structures are almost same under
the effect of wind load but G+10 RCC building has less column forces than that in
steel because of the ductile behaviour of the steel which resist the wind force better
than that in concrete.
 Moment in RCC structure compared to Steel is very high both in seismic and wind
load. Steel structures have very low bending moment.
 Story drift in Equivalent Static Analysis in X-direction is more for Structural Steel-
concrete composite frame as compared to RCC frames.
 Base Shear for RCC frame is more than Structural Steel concrete composite because
the weight of the RCC frame is more than the steel frame. Base shear gets reduced
by 30% for steel frame.
 Structural Steel-concrete composite frame having more lateral load capacity
compare to RCC frame.
 The lateral displacement of Structural steel-concrete composite frame is reduced as
compared with RCC frame.
 The overturning-moment of RCC frame is more than Structural Steel-concrete
composite because the weight of the RCC frame is more than the composite frame.
 The differences in story drift for different stories along X and Y direction are owing to
orientation of column sections. Moment of inertia of column sections is different in
both directions.
 No unexpected plastic hinges were observed from inelastic analysis for both RCC &
composite frame. But yield mechanism of composite is superior to RCC.
 Structural Steel-concrete composite frame follows strong column weak beam
behaviour, as hinges are formed in beam element rather than column element.
 Structural Steel-concrete composite frame is give good result in pushover curve base
shear v/s displacement is less as compared to R.C.C.
 Structural Steel-concrete composite frame is give good result in Performance Point
as compared to R.C.C.
 Fundamental natural time period of composite or steel sections is more as compared
to RCC.
 In steel bare frame, base shear is decreased by 28% as compared to RCC along X-
direction and 54% along Y direction for (G+6) frame.
 In steel frame with masonry infill, base shear is decreased by 10% as compared to RC
along X-direction and 23% along Y-direction for (G+6) frame.
 In steel bare frame, base shear is decreased by 33% as compared to RC along X-
direction and 50% along Y direction for (G+10) frame.
 In steel frame with masonry infill, base shear is decreased by 20% as compared to RC
along X-direction and 36% along Y-direction for (G+10) frame.
 In steel bare frame maximum storey displacement is increased by 13% as compared
to RC along X direction and 55% along Y-direction for (G+6) frame.
 In steel frame with masonry infill, maximum storey displacement is increased by 12%
as compared to RC along X-direction and 40% along Y-direction for (G+6) frame.
 In steel bare frame, maximum storey displacement is increased by 35% as compared
to RC along X direction and 48% along Y-direction for (G+10) frame.
 In steel frame with masonry infill, maximum storey displacement is increased by 8%
as compared to RC along X-direction and 35% along Y-direction for (G+10) frame.
 Bending moment in beams and columns of steel frames is less as compared to RC
frames.
 An axial force in steel frames is less than RC frames.
 Shear force in beams of RC frames is more than steel frames.
 Support reactions in RC structures are increased by 23% as compared to steel
structures due to less self-weight.
 Storey drifts of steel structures are comparatively more than RC structures within
permissible limit.
 Cost of steel bare frame is increased by 31% as compared to RC frame for (G+6)
frame.
 Cost of steel frame with masonry infill is increased by 37% as compared to RC frame
for (G+6) frame.
 Cost of steel bare frame is increased by 34% as compared to RC frame for (G+10)
frame.
 Cost of steel frame with masonry infill is increased by 37% as compared to RC frame
for (G+10) frame.

Member forces in a structural member are the result of externally applied loads. The external
loads are transmitted to different parts of the structure through these member forces. The
member forces can be determined by the method of sections. A member is cut at the point of
interest, and the member forces are revealed as equivalent external loads. Since the
member was in equilibrium before being cut, these equivalent external loads must keep the
member in equilibrium. Generally, we have three types of member forces: axial, shear and
moment. Axial force, sometimes called 'normal force,' is a compressive or tensile force
acting aligned with the extension of a structural member. Shear force is a force acting in a
direction perpendicular to the alignment of the member. Moment force, is a turning result of
a force multiplied by the distance from its acting location to the turning point

Displacement
Constraints are placed on the performance and behavior of the components. For instance we say
that the particular component is supposed to operate within this value of stress and the deflection
of the component should not exceed beyond a particular value.

Storey Drift: It is defined as ratio of displacement of two consecutive floors to height of that
floor. It is very important term used for research purpose in earthquake engineering.

Storey Displacement: Total displacement of any storey with respect to ground and there is
maximum permissible limit prescribed in IS codes for buildings.

Storey Shear: It is the sum of design lateral forces at all levels above the storey under
consideration

When design lateral forces are applied on the building, the maximum inter-storey elastic
lateral drift ratio (Δmax /hi) under working loads, shall be limited to H/500. For a single
storey the drift limit may be relaxed to hi/400. For earthquake load (factored) combinations
the drift shall be limited to hi/250.

Temperature

Concrete’s thermal properties are more complex than for most materials because not only is the
concrete a composite material whose constituents have different properties, but its properties also
depends on moisture and porosity. Exposure of concrete to elevated temperature affects its
mechanical and physical properties.

It has been found that high early temperature has negative impacts on later strength of concrete.

Expansion and contraction due to. changes in temperature of the materials of a structure shall be
considered in design. Provision shall be made either to relieve the stress by provision of
expansion/contraction joints in accordance with IS : 3414-1968* or design the structure to carry
additional stresses due to temperature effects as appropriate to. the problem.

Stability analysis
Overturning

The stability of a structure as a whole against overturning shall be ensured so that the restoring
moment shall be not less than the sum of 1.2 times the maximum overturning moment duet o the
characteristic dead load and 1.4 times the maximum overturning moment due to the characteristic
imposed loads. In cases where dead load provides the restoring moment, only 0.9 times the
characteristic dead load shall be considered. Restoring moment due to imposed loads shall be
ignored.

The anchorages or counterweights provided for overhanging members (during construction and
service) should be such that static equilibrium should remain, even when overturning moment is
doubled.

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