SIR PADAMPAT SINGHANIA EDUCATION

CENTRE

CHEMISTRYINVESTIGATORY
PROJECT

CONTENTSOFCOLDDRINK
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

IT WOULD BE MY GREAT PLEASURE TO EXPRESS MY

SINCERE THANKS TO MY CHEMISTRY TEACHER
MR.ARUN SHARMAIN PROVIDING A HELPING HAND IN
THIS PROJECT.HIS ENCOURAGMENT, SUPPORT,
GUIDANCE AND SUPERVISIONARE ONLY
RESPONSIBLE IN SUCCESSFUL COMPELTION OF MY
PROJECT.

-:CONTENTS-:
INTODUCTION
THEORY
AIM
APPARATUS
CHEMICALS REQUIRED
DETECTION OF PH
TEST FOR CARBON DIOXIDE
TEST FOR GLUCOSE
TEST FOR ALCOHOL
TEST FOR SUCROSE
RESULT
PRECAUTIONS
CONCLUSIONS
 INTRODUCTION

WORLD’S FIRST COLD DRINK WASINTODUCED IN THE

YEAR 1835 IN USA. FROM THAT ERA TO PRESENT ERA
IT HAS BEEN INCREASINGLY FAMOUS AND IT HAS A
LONG WAY TO GO FURTHER.THE INDUSTRIALISATION
OF COLD DRINKS IN INDIA STARTED AFTER THE
LAUNCHING OF LIMCA. NOW A DAYS COLD DRINK
HAS BECAME A TREND, FOR EXAMPLE
SPRITE,LIMCA.ETC ARE USED FOR THE FEELING OF
FRESHNESS WHILE COLD DRINKS LIKE COCA COLA
,MIRINDA,COKE.ETC ARE USED FOR THE THRILLING UP
THE MIND AND BODY.NOW LETS TALK ABOUT THE
TOPIC THAT HOW COLD DRINKS ARE ACTUALLY
FORMED .
 THEORY
COLD DRINKS ARE MAINLY COMPOSED OF ALCOHOLS,
PHOSPAHTEIONS, CARBOHYDRATES,CARBON DI OXIDE
ETC. COLD DRINKS GIVE THE FEELING OF LIGTNESS
AND TANGINESS AS THEY CONTAIN CARBON DI OXIDE
IN THEM . ON SHAKING WE OFTEN SEE THE FROATH
COMING OUT OF THE BOTTLE THIS IS ALSO THE
WORK OF THE CARBON DI OXIDE. ONE OF THE
IMPORTANT WORK OF CO2 IS ON DISSOLVING WITH
THE WATYER IT FORMS THE CARBONIC ACID WHICH
ONLY PROVIDES THE TASTE OF THRILL IN THE COLD

DRINKS.
 AIM
COMPARITIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSISOF THE
BRANDS OF COLD DRINKSAVAILABLE IN THE
MARKET.

APPARATUS

 TEST TUBES
 TEST TUBE HOLDERS
 TEST TUBE STAND
 STOP WATCH
 BEAKER
 BUNSEN BURNER
 PH PAPER
 TRIPOD STAND
 CHINA DISH
 WIRE GAUGE
 WATER BATH
 -:CHEMICALS REQUIRED-:

IODINE SOLUTION

POTASSIUM IODIDE
SODIUM HYDROXIDE
LIME WATER
FEHLING’S A AND B SOLUTION
CONCENTRATED NITRIC ACID
AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE

-:DETECTION OF PH-:
SAMPLES OF DIFFERENT COLD DRINKS WERE TAKEN
IN DIFFERENT TEST TUBES AND PH PAPERS WERE
DIPPED IN EACH OF THE TEST TUBES AND THE
FOLLOWING OBSERVATIONS MADE-:
S.NO NAME OF COLOR PH VALUE
THE DRINK CHANGE
THE FOLLOWING INFERENCE IS MADE THAT THE PH
VALUE OF ALL THE DRINKS ARE ACIDIC BECAUSE OF
THE PRESENCE OF THE CITRIC ACID,CARBONICACID
AND PHOPHORIC ACID ETC

-:TEST FOR CARBONDIOXIDE-:

NOW WE TAKE DIFFERENT BOTTLES OF COLD DRINKS
AND WILL OPEN IT AND OBSERVE THE PRESENCE OF
THE CO2 GAS BY PASSING THE GAS THROUGH
MIXTURE OF LIME WATER-:
S.NO NAME OF TIME CONCLUSION
THE TAKEN
DRINK
1. LIMCA 26 CO2 IS
PRESENT
2. SPRITE 15 CO2 IS
PRESENT
3. COCA 23 CO2 IS
COLA PRESENT
4. FANTA 30 CO2 IS
PRESENT
THIS TEST SHOWS US THAT COLD DRINKS HAVE
DISSOLVED CO2 IN THEM WHICH FORM THE
CARBONIC ACID IN WATER AND ARE MAINLY
RESPONSIBLE FOR THE TASTE OF TANGINESS IN THE
COLD DRINKS.

-:TEST FOR GLUCOSE-:

FOUR TEST TUBES ARE TAKEN AND EACH IS FILLED
WITH DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COLD DRINKS .THEN WE

(
MIX A FEW DROPS OF BENEDICT’S REAGENT IT IS A
COMPLEX MIXTUREOF SODIUM CARBONATE,SODIUM

CITRATE AND COPPER (II)SULPHATE

)
PENTAHYDRATE IN EACH OF THEM.

S.NO NAME OF OBSERVATION CONCLUSION

THE
DRINK
1. LIMCA REDDISH GLUCOSE IS
COLOR PRESENT
PRESIPITAE
2. SPRITE REDDISH GLUCOSE IS
COLOR PRESENT
PRESIPITAE
3. COCA REDDISH GLUCOSE IS
COLA COLOR PRESENT
PRESIPITAE
 4. FANTA REDDISH GLUCOSE IS
COLOR PRESENT
PRESIPITAE

ALL THE SAMPLES OF THE COLD DRINKS GIVE RED

COLOR PRECIPITATE I.E GAVE POSITIVE BENEDICT’S
REAGENT TEST. HENCE GLUCOSE IS PRESENT IN ALL

OF THEM

-:FEHLING’S SOLUTION TEST-:

SMALL SAMPLES OF COLD DRINKS OF DIFFERENT
BRANDS WERE TAKEN IN A TEST TUBE AND A FEW
DROPS OF FEHLING’S A SOLUTION AND FEHLING’S
B SOLUTION WAS ADDED IN EQUAL AMOUNT. THE
TEST TUBE ARE HEATED IN WATER BATH FOR 10
MINUTES. APPEARANCE OF BROWN PRECIPITATE
CONFIRMES THE PRESENCE OF GLUCOSE IN COLD
DRINKS.

S.NO NAME OF OBSERVATION CONCLUSION

THE
DRINK
 1. LIMCA REDDISH GLUCOSE IS
BROWN PRESENT
PRECIPITATE
2. SPRITE REDDISH GLUCOSE IS
BROWN PRESENT
PRECIPITATE
3. COCA REDDISH GLUCOSE IS
COLA BROWN PRESENT
PRECIPITATE
4. FANTA REDDISH GLUCOSE IS
BROWN PRESENT
PRECIPITATE
ALL SAMPLES GAVE POSITIVE TEST FOR GLUCOSE
WITH FEHLING’S (A & B) SOLUTIONS. HENCE ALL
THE COLD DRINKS CONTAIN GLUCOSE.

-:TEST FOR PHOSPHATE-:

SMALL SAMPLES OF EACH BRAND OF
COLD DRINKS ARE TAKEN IN
SEPARATE TEST TUBES AND AMMONIUM MOLYBD
ATE FOLLOWED BY CONCENTRATED NITRIC ACID
(HNO3) ISADDED TO IT. THE SOLUTION IS HEATED.
APPEARANCE OF CANARY-YELLOW PRECIPITATE
CONFIRMES THE PRESENCE OF PHOSPHATE IONS IN
COLD DRINKS SAMPLES TAKEN IN THE TEST TUBES.
 S.NO NAMEO F OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
THE
COLD
DRIK
1. LIMCA CANARY PHOSPHATE
YELLOW IS PRESENT
PRECIPITATE
2. SPRITE CANARY PHOSPHATE
YELLOW IS PRESENT
PRECIPITATE
3. COCA CANARY PHOSPHATE
COLA YELLOW IS PRESENT
PRECIPITATE
4. FANTA CANARY PHOSPHATE
YELLOW IS PRESENT
PRECIPITATE

ALL THE SOFT DRINKS SAMPLES GAVE POSITIVE TEST

FOR PHOSPHATE IONS. HENCE ALL THE COLD DRINKS
CONTAIN PHOSPHATE IN THEM.

-:TEST FOR ALCOHOL-:

SMALL SAMPLES OF EACH BRAND OF COLD DRIN
KS ARE TAKEN IN SEPARATE TEST
TUBES WITH IODINE FOLLOWED
BY POTASSIUM IODIDE AND SODIUM HYDROXIDE
(NAOH) SOLUTION IS ADDED TO EACH TEST TUBE.
THEN THE TEST TUBES WERE HEATED IN HOT WATER
BATH FOR 30 MINUTES. APPEARANCE OF YELLOW
COLOURED PRECIPITATE CONFIRMES THE PRESENCE
OF ALCOHOL IN COLD DRINKS.

S.NO NAME OF THE OBSERVATION CONCLUSION

COLD DRINK
1. LIMCA YELLOW ALCOHOL IS
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
2. SPRITE YELLOW ALCOHOL IS
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
3. COCA COLA YELLOW ALCOHOL IS
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
4. FANTA YELLOW ALCOHOL IS
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
ALL THE COLD DRINKS SAMPLES GIVE POSITIVE TEST
FOR ALCOHOL. HENCE ALL THE COLD DRINKS
CONTAIN ALCOHOLS.
CHEMICAL REACTION FOR THE TEST OF ALCOHOL

CH3CH2OH +4I2+6NaOH CHI3+HCOONa +5NaI

+5H2O

-:TEST FOR SUCROSE-:

5 ML SAMPLES OF EACH BRAND OF COLD
DRINKS ARE TAKEN IN SEPARATE CHINA DISHES
AND ARE HEATED VERY STRONGLY UNTIL THE
CHANGE OCCURS. BLACK COLOURED RESIDUE LEFT
AFTER THE REACTION CONFIRMES THE PRESENCE OF
SUCROSE IN COLD DRINKS.
S.NO NAME OF OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
THE
BRAND
1. LIMCA BLACK SUCROSE IS
RESIDUE PRESENT
2. COCA BLACK SUCROSE IS
COLA RESIDUE PRESENT
3. SPRITE BLACK SUCROSE IS
RESIDUE PRESENT
4. FANTA BLACK SUCROSE IS
RESIDUE PRESENT

ALL THE BRANDS OF COLD DRINKS CONTAIN

SUCROSE. BUT AMOUNT OF SUCROSE VARIES IN
EACH BRAND OF DRINK. FANTA CONTAINS HIGHEST
AMOUNT OF SUCROSE.

-:RESULT-:
AFTER CONDUCTING SEVERAL TESTS, IT IS
CONCLUDED THAT THE DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COLD
DRINKS NAMELY: 1. COCA COLA 2. SPRITE 3. LIMCA
4. FANTA ALL CONTAIN GLUCOSE, ALCOHOL,
SUCROSE, PHOSPHATE AND CARBON DIOXIDE. ALL
COLD DRINKS ARE ACIDIC IN NATURE. ON
COMPARING THE PH VALUE OF DIFFERENT BRANDS
COCA COLA IS THE MOST ACIDIC AND LIMCA IS
LEAST ACIDIC OF ALL THE FOUR BRANDS TAKEN.
AMONG THE FOUR SAMPLES OF COLD DRINKS
TAKEN, SPRITE HAS THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF
DISSOLVED CARBON DIOXIDE AND FANTA HAS THE
MINIMUM AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED CARBON
DIOXIDE.

-:PRECAUTIONS-:
SOME OF THE PRECAUTONS FOR THIS EXPERIMENT
ARE-:
 NEVER LEAVE THE BURNERS UNATTENDED.TURN
THEM OFF WHEN YOU DON’T NEED THEM.
 WHILE DOING THE EXPERIMENT ONE SHOULD
WEAR THE HAND GLOVES AND LAB COAT TO
AVOID ANY DAMAGE IN CASE OF CHEMICAL
SPLASH.
 CONCENTRATED SOLUTIONS SHOULD BE
HANDED CAREFULLY.
 IF ACCIDENTLY ANY CHEMICAL FALLS ON YOUR
SKIN, IMMEDIATELY WASH THAT AREA WITH
GOOD AMOUNT OF WATER.
 -:CONCLUSION-:

DISADVANTAGES OF COLD DRINKS-:

 DUE TO THEIR ACIDIC NATURE, COLD
DRINKS HAVE THE ABILITY TO DISSOLVE THE
CACIUM HENCE THEY ARE VERY HARMFUL FOR
OUR BONES.
 COLD DRINKS CAUSE US THE WEIGHT GAIN
AS THEY INTERFERE IN THE BODY’S NATURAL
ABILITY TO SUPPRESS THE FEELING OF HUNGER.
 DUE TO THEIR MORE SWEETNESS, THEY ARE
MORE HARMFUL THAN THE NORMAL SUGAR
SOLUTION,HENCE THEY ARE NOT
RECOMMENDED FOR THE DIABETIC PATIENTS.
 COLD DRINKS ARE HARMFUL FOR OUR
BLOOD.

-:ADVANTAGES OF THE COLD DRINKS-

:
  COLD DRINKS DUE TO THEIR MORE ACIDIC
STRENGTH CAN BE USED TO CLEAN UP THE
BATHROOMS.

 COLD DRINKS CAN BE USED AS THE

DETERGENTS TO REMOVE THE GREASE FROM THE
CLOTHES.

 COLD DRINKS ARE HELPFUL IN THE

CLEANING OF THE BATTERY TERMINALS.

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