A pure substance is made up solely of that substance and can't be separated into any other substances.

A
mixture can be separated into two or more pure substances. While pure substances have clearly defined
physical and chemical properties, mixtures have different properties, depending on the proportions of the pure
substances in each mixture and on the location in the mixture.

Pure substances are made up of one kind of material with consistent properties, while mixtures consist of two
or more pure substances, each having different properties. As a result, pure substances can't be separated
into other materials, but the different properties of the components of mixtures can be used to separate them
into pure substances.

Pure substances can be elements made up exclusively of one kind of atom, or they can be compounds made
up of molecules that include two or more elements. Mixtures can be homogeneous or heterogeneous
depending on how finely mixed the components are. Homogeneous mixtures have the same look and
characteristics throughout the mixture. Heterogeneous mixtures are more coarse with detectable variations in
appearance and properties in different parts of the mixture

Elements and Compounds

Elements are always pure substances, while compounds are chemical combinations of two or more elements
and can also be pure. In the real world, substances such as elements and compounds are rarely pure because
they are usually contaminated by their containers, their surroundings or their production. In theory, pure means
without detectable impurities,. It is usually possible to purify elements and compounds to that standard,
although it often takes a great deal of effort.

Compounds are made up of more than one pure substance, and they differ from mixtures in that it is
impossible to separate them without a chemical reaction. Mixtures can be separated by physical processes,
but these will not separate compounds.

If an element or compound exists in two states simultaneously, it can be a pure substance and a mixture at the
same time. For example, pure water with pure crushed ice in it is still a pure substance, but it is also a mixture
of two states of the pure substance. As a mixture, the ice can be separated from the water with physical means
such as scooping out the ice fragments.

Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Mixtures

Mixtures contain more than one type of atom or molecule and can be separated by using physical methods. In
homogeneous mixtures, the mixture particles are so fine that the mixture looks like it is made up of the same
material throughout. For heterogeneous mixtures, the particles are detectable, and the properties of the
mixture differ depending on what part of the mixture is examined.
Solutions are typical homogeneous mixtures. For example, a solution of salt in water is a homogeneous
mixture because the water and salt can be separated by distillation, producing pure water and crystalline salt.
Air is a mixture made up mainly of nitrogen and oxygen. The gases can be separated by cooling and liquefying
the air and then boiling off nitrogen, which has a lower boiling point, and then oxygen, which boils at a higher
temperature than nitrogen.

Heterogeneous mixtures can be anything from breakfast cereal, to sand or salad dressing. Many common
materials are heterogeneous mixtures that can often be separated easily by filtering, mechanical picking apart,
or by using properties such as weight or magnetism. The key characteristic of heterogeneous mixtures is that
their properties vary from point to point, and that variation can be used to separate them.

For any unknown substance, close inspection usually discloses whether the material is a heterogeneous
mixture. If it is not, it could be a homogeneous mixture or a pure substance. Heating or cooling will result in the
material either separating out as the mixture components boil or solidify at different temperatures, or the whole
pure substance will boil or freeze at single points.

Firstly, a pure substance is matter which cannot be separated into any other kind of matter when using the

physical or chemical process. All the particles which make up a pure substance have the same color, taste,

composition and texture. In other words, it can be an element or a compound, which consists of only one

component with a definite composition, chemical and physical properties.

Secondly, a mixture is a combination of two or more substances which are not united using a chemical procedure.

The components that make up a mixture do not exist in fixed proportions, and most of the natural substances

that you are familiar with, are mixtures. Examples of mixtures include water, alcohol, oil, and dye.

So what are the distinct differences between these two? With regards to a mixture, it can be physically separated

into pure compounds or elements. This is something that is not possible with a pure substance, because it is

already a type of matter which exists in its most basic, or purest form.

Another distinct characteristic of a pure substance is that, no matter how physically impossible it may be to

isolate a pure substance, it can only be considered as pure if no impurities are detected. When it comes to their

physical properties, such as their boiling or melting points, pure substances are non-changing, while mixtures

are varying. For example, the boiling point of pure water is at 100 degrees Celsius, while the boiling point of
alcohol mixed with water may be at a range of temperatures. To put it simply, pure substances are exactly what

the name implies – pure, while mixtures are impure.

Summary:

1. Pure substances cannot be separated into any other kinds of matter, while a mixture is a combination of two

or more pure substances.

2. A pure substance has constant physical and chemical properties, while mixtures have varying physical and

chemical properties (i.e., boiling point and melting point).

3. A pure substance is pure, while a mixture is impure.

A Physical Property

A physical property is an aspect of matter that can be observed or measured without changing its chemical
composition. Examples of physical properties include color, molecular weight, and volume.

A Chemical Property

A chemical property may only be observed by changing the chemical identity of a substance. In other words,
the only way to observe a chemical property is by performing a chemical reaction. This property measures the
potential for undergoing a chemical change. Examples of chemical properties include reactivity, flammability
and oxidation states.

Extensive properties, such as mass and volume, depend on the amount of matter being measured.Intensive
properties, such as density and color, do not depend on the amount of the substance present.
Physical properties can be measured without changing a substance's chemical identity.

Intensive properties and extensive properties are types of physical properties of matter. The terms intensive
and extensive were first described by physical chemist and physicist Richard C. Tolman in 1917. Here's a look at
what intensive and extensive properties are, examples of them, and how to tell them apart.

Intensive Properties

Intensive properties are bulk properties, which means they do not depend on the amount of matter that is
present. Examples of intensive properties include:

 Boiling Point
 Density
 State of Matter
 Color
 Melting Point
 Odor
 Temperature
 Refractive Index
 Luster
  Hardness
 Ductility
 Malleability

Intensive properties can be used to help identify a sample because these characteristics do not depend on the
amount of sample, nor do they change according to conditions.

Extensive Properties

Extensive properties do depend on the amount of matter that is present. An extensive property is considered
additive for subsystems. Examples of extensive properties include:

 Volume
 Mass
 Size
 Weight
 Length

The ratio between two extensive properties is an intensive property. For example, mass and volume are
extensive properties, but their ratio (density) is an intensive property of matter.

While extensive properties are great for describing a sample, they aren't very helpful in identifying it because
they can change according to sample size or conditions.

Way to Tell Intensive and Extensive Properties Apart

One easy way to tell whether a physical property is intensive or extensive is to take two identical samples of a
substance and put them together. If this doubles the property (e.g., twice the mass, twice as long), it's an
extensive property. If the property is unchanged by altering the sample size, it's an intensive property.