Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Faculty of Dentistry
Histology & Cell Biology
08 01 112
Dr Al-Moutassem
Dr. Al Moutassem Billah Khair
Gametogenesis
Gametogenesis
The process of formation and development of gametes ( germ
cells
ll ) in
i reproductive
d ti organs
Primordial germ cells ( 2n )
♂ Spermatogonia ( 2n ) Oogonia ( 2n ) ♀
Spermatogenesis È È Oogenesis
Type B ( 2n )
↓
Primary spermatocytes ( 2n )
Enter pprolonged
g p prophase
p ( 22 days
y )
Rapid completion of the 1st meiosis
↓
Secondary spermatocytes ( 2n DNA )
(23 double-structured chromosomes)
↓
2nd meiosis
↓
Spermatids ( 1n )
( 1n DNA, 23 chromosomes )
Spermatogenesis
Spermatids ( 1n )
( 1n DNA, 23 chromosomes )
↓
Spermiogenesis:
The series of changes resulting in
the transformation of spermatids
into spermatozoa:
*f
*formation
i off the acrosome
*condensation of the nucleus
*formation of neck, middle piece
& tail
*shedding of most of the cytoplasm
↓
Spermatozoa ( 1n )
S
p
e
r
m
a
t
o
g
e
n
e
s
I
s
Oogenesis
Prenatal maturation
Primordial germ cells ( 2n )
( 3rd week of development )
↓
Gonads( 4th –5th week )
↓
Differentiation of cells
↓
Oogonia ( 2n )
↓
Clusters ( end of the 3rd month )
( surrounded by layer of flat epithelial cells )
↓
most of oogonia divide by mitosis
↓ ↓
Oogenesis
most of oogonia divide by mitosis
↓ ↓
increase in number some differentiate into
of oogonia primary oocytes ( 2n ).
[ 5th month ≈ 7X106 ] Immediately
Immediately, they enter
prophase of 1st meiosis.
↓ ↓
5th –7th month cell death take place and the most of oogonia
have degenerated except for a few near the surface.
All surviving primary oocytes have entered the 1st meiosis &
most of them are surrounded by a layer of flat epithelial cells.
↓
Primordial follicles ( 4n )
Oogenesis
Postnatal maturation
Near the time of birth, all primary oocytes (4n) have started prophase
of the 1st meiosis (diplotene) and remain in it & do not finish their
division before puberty is reached, because of OMI
OMI (a substance secreted by follicular cells that stops the progress of meiosis).
[ 7X105 – 2X106 cells at birth ]
↓
With the onset of puberty primary oocytes increase in size and flat
follicular cells → cuboidal cells → granulosa cells
[ 4X105 cells at the beginning
g g of p
puberty
y]
↓
Primary follicle
Granulosa cells & Oocyte → Layer of glycoproteins ( Zona pellucida )
Oogenesis
Primary follicle
Granulosa cells & Oocyte → Layer of glycoproteins ( Zona pellucida )
⎮
changes in epithelial cells
↓
Secondary follicle
↓
At maturity follicle becomes graafian follicle
↓
maturation of Primary oocyte
one reaches full maturity every 4 weeks
(Ovarian cycle)
[ >500 p
primary
y oocytes
y will be ovulated in the reproductive
p lifetime of
the female individual ]
Oogenesis
Primary oocyte resumes its 1st meiosis
↓
2 daughter cells of unequal size, but each with
23 double structured chromosomes (4n)
↓ ↓
Secondary oocyte 1st Polar body
((2n DNA,, 1n chromo.)) (2n
( DNA,, 1n chromo.))
(most of cytoplasm) (none cytoplasm)
↓ ↓
2nd meiosis without DNA replication
↓ ↓
Secondary oocyte
(in metaphase, 2nd meiosis)
↓ ↓
Fertilization
↓ ↓
Fertilized ovum (1n+1n ♂) 2 polar bodies (1n)
& polar body (1n) each with 23
single chromosomes
Oogenesis
Oogenesis
Oogenesis