The Problem 1

CHAPTER 1

The Problem

Background of the study

Tourism represents, for many countries, a

powerful tool for social and economic development and

reduction of poverty, through the provision of jobs and

enterprises, infrastructure development and export

earnings. (UNWTO or World Tourism Organization).One example

of tourist area that is being developed is on agriculture

sector, wherein it is one of the backbones of developing

countries in Asia. (Srivastava,2016). Agriculture has

different sectors such as food industry where vegetables,

and root crops, even poultry products are added as an

asset. Other than that agriculture offers a way of tourism

that creates activities, culture, arts and other.

Under this would be Agri-tourism. This is a mush-up

word of both “agriculture” and “tourism”,(Iorio et al.,

2010).The Agri-tourism or sometimes called “farm or rural

tourism” is a fast expanding tourism product which acts as

a supplemental activity to the main activity of farming.

(www.gov.nf.ca). Agri-tourism represents the contact point

between the tourists ‘request of wellbeing, genuineness,

and re-discovery of nature, and the offer of typical

 The Problem 2

agricultural products and touristic services of a network

of rural organizations. It is the incorporation of tourism

with agriculture. It promotes agriculture and allied

activities as a tourism product.

Agri-tourism is a multifaceted and may entail

farm/agricultural tourism, cultural tourism, nature

tourism, adventure tourism, and ecotourism. (Page &

Connell, 2012). Agricultural tourism talks about farm

operations and activities it involves food and attractions.

It is a link between travel and products, services, and

experiences of the agriculture and food systems,

(www.gov.nf.ca).

Agri-tourism consists of three types, one would be on

Farm tourism this engage more on the activities that a farm

can offer and also the accommodation. Second is the

AUXILLIARY product domain wherein it is on the rural

products and can be more than farm related products this

may include on the other elements of agriculture such as

hospitality, food service, arts, crafts and any other

direct providers of products or services to tourists. And

last would be AUGMENTED product which is on distribution

network.
 The Problem 3

Farm tourism is a sub-sector of rural tourism. Wherein

rural tourism is a form of tourism that showcases the rural

life, art, culture and heritage at rural locations that

benefits the local community economically and socially as

well as enabling interaction between the tourists and the

locals for a more enriching tourism experience. (OMICS,

2014). These are activities that pertain on farm related

outcomes.

The farm tourism comprises of two principal forms:

non- accommodation in terms of the activities that are open

to the field where people can visit and try and

accommodation-related activities are the facilities that

can be use such as bed and breakfast; some farms

participate in both (Shaw & Williams, 1994) identified

similar components, segmenting farm tourism into three

distinct categories, such as accommodation-based, activity-

based, and day-visitor-based (Ilbery et al.,1998). These

are more on activities, accommodation and recreation

facility.

Farm tourism is one of the five categories of rural

tourism, the others being ecotourism, cultural, adventure

and activity tourism. The broader sector of rural tourism

can be defined as tourism activity in rural areas and has

 The Problem 4

different meanings in different countries. (Lim & Coomber).

These categories are being found in the different

entertainment activity that farm tourism can offer.

Farm -tourism locally is on its way to development,

where farm resorts are becoming a trend to the society.

According to Benel D. Lagua, a Farm tourism is defined as

any business activity that attracts visitors and tourists

to farm areas, in an effort to market farm products, or for

educational and recreational purposes and enjoyment of

related outdoor activities. The statement pertains more on

the farm related activities which can be done as part of

tourism industry. One of which is to discover different

ideas that expand its outcome beyond a farm can offer one

could be modern development on ideas and other things that

are new to the place.

Modernization in the country is becoming a part of

people’s life; it can be seen on different types such as

materials, activities and other new ideas that are out in

the society. This development includes areas as agriculture

sector which becomes a part of tourist attraction that

portrays a rural milieu, new leisure activity related to

farm such as food encounter, animal encounter, and other

related activities and amenities, including accommodation,

 The Problem 5

community products and culture. This creates tourism

developments that differentiate experience on rural life.

Thus, farm tourism offers facility that provides a space

where people can enjoy their visit and experience a way of

entertainment. Interactive amenities are parts of the

accommodation that gives extra leisure activities that

people can enjoy while visiting the farm, some facility

would need an idea that can be integrated to provide a

development that would cater some of the needed activity

needed in a farm tourism resort. This concept may come from

different areas; these ideas can be integrated

architecturally or in terms of structure.

One concept is architectural innovation which uses

trending materials, technology, design and other related

innovation that are being integrate on buildings which

attract people’s interests. This may include the various

effects such as the people’s comfortability, security, or

even aesthetic. This may include many different aspects

such as environmental awareness, design improvement and

other related way.

Architectural innovation is simply taking the lessons,

skills and overall technology and applying them within a

different market. (Lopez,2015). Technology can create an

 The Problem 6

impact for the people that easily attracts their interest,

which leads them in stopping in the area just to experience

and see new things.

There are three types of architectural innovation,

this are in terms of material innovation, technological

innovation and design innovation. Material innovation is

usually term as Architectural materials are generally

deployed in very large quantities, and building systems

tend to be highly integrated into the building to maintain

homogeneous interior conditions (Mohammed, 2017).

Technological innovation is the use of advanced method

wherein it tackles more on technology itself. Furthermore,

Royal Architectural Institute of Canada (RAIC) says that

applied use of new technology and adaptation of existing

technology where innovation can also be demonstrated by new

project delivery and construction methods, advanced design

processes and fresh approaches to details and materials.

And last would be the design innovation wherein this

includes innovation in fields such as visual design. It

also involves in the use of design and design thinking to

tackle innovation in fields such as architecture,

engineering and software development (Spacey, 2017).

 The Problem 7

These types of innovations can support such facility

when it comes to providing sustainable design. It provides

a different aspect which pertains on environmental

awareness such as natural ventilation and natural lighting.

In addition to that, this type of innovation occurs when an

existing form of development is introduced into or used in

a new way, this is according to Adam Witmer. Thus, the use

of different concepts today is becoming trendy to people,

they become attractions that make tourists want to try

things that are supported with technology, materials or

even the design.

Furthermore, Gensler`s Glover stated that, “Technology

is reshaping the way we shop, share information,

experience a place, and even the way we bestow status,”.

This statement describes the effects of technology to

people which is equivalent to facilities that uses

innovation. One of the results of this new concept is on

designing of facility wherein it gives people a certain

feeling of enjoyment and relaxation. Thus, an innovative

design is a new way to develop a facility such as a farm

tourism resorts.

Innovative design is used to enhance facility that

has different ideas when it comes to design, material and

 The Problem 8

technology. This can be added to help the development of

the establishment. With this facility, a farm-tourism

resort could be another trend for the people to visit,

enjoy and experience the outcome. Since the idea of

innovation is to provide a facility that provides different

aspects on the improvements of an amenity, this could be

applied in Bauko, Mt. province wherein innovations is a new

type of development in the municipality.

Bauko is one of the municipalities and known as the

“Salad Bowl” of Mt. province wherein they are supplying

different farm products such as root crops and vegetables,

coffee and are also into livelihood products.(Department of

the interior and local government or DILG).The municipality

has a land area around 17,819.04 hectares computed by the

MHS or Ministry of Human Settlements with 22 barangays and

has a population of 30,572 based on the latest survey of

NSO or National Statistics Office. Agricultural area has a

total lot area of 6,795.5 Ha or a percent of 38.14%

(Comprehensive Land Use Plan of the Municipality of Bauko

or CLUP). Which consist of different tourist spots such as

the Mount Polis, Spanish Trap, Mount Data Plateau, Decyao

River, Balew Rice terraces and other areas that includes

agricultural area.
 The Problem 9

Farm-tourism resort in the municipality is not that

well known, considering that most locals are engage in

farming and small scale type of industry such as shops,

piggery and others (CLUP), thus the propose facility is a

different type of a tourist spot that consist of farm

tourism, this also contributes on the tourism industry

wherein it can provide amenities that can be use by the

tourist to visit and enjoy the place. Another aspect is

into innovations wherein the municipality is not well known

to such concept. Thus, proposing a farm tourisms resort

with the concept of innovative design is a way of giving

new idea to the community.

Integrating innovative design for the facility of a

farm tourism resort will create a new trend in the

municipality as a part of development knowing that new

structures with innovative design is not that popular in

the place. Thus, the study would be the first structure

that uses sustainable design approach.

The proponent would be the local government of Bauko,

Mt. Province which is under Mayor Abraham B. Akilit,

wherein the they trying to improve the tourism in the

municipality according to the CLUP, which includes

agricultural sector which includes farm tourism and also

 The Problem 10

tourist spots that can be found in the area. One method is

to provide facility that caters different amenities and

facilities which can be use by tourists outside the

municipality, local tourists, and local community as an

establishment where they can interact with each other.

The significance of the Study

Due to new trending activities, materials, and other

things that are being circulated in society today,

different developments of attractions are being improved,

one example of this attractions would be on agri-tourism

where farm tourism resorts are being known, which concerns

on the new activities that is related to farming. There are

many reasons that a farm tourism resort is a new attraction

to people, and this are the following:

One (1) reason of this development is to help people

or tourists that are looking for new way of relaxation

where they can enjoy different activity and facilities that

has nothing to do with city life.

Second reason is to help design a facility such as

farm tourism resort that will become one of the attractions

to the municipality. Where they can experience the life of

 The Problem 11

rural area and enjoy the amenities that the farm can

provide.

Lastly, the study would be significant to the

researcher for the reason that she will learn to deal

different problems situated on data gathering needed in the

development of the study. This would give learning

experience to the researcher, and to be more open on

accepting opinions and comments coming from the others.

Objectives:

The main objective of the study is to propose an

architectural design solution for a Farm-tourism Resort in

Bauko, Mt. Province. That will provide spaces for people to

use while stays in the area and other supporting activities

needed in the area. Specifically the study aims to:

• To determine functional areas and facilities needed

for a Farm-tourism Resort.

• To integrate applicable innovative design concepts to

the development of a Farm-tourism Resort in Bauko, Mt.

Province.

• To come up with an architectural design solution for

an Farm-tourism Resort based on the previous objectives.

 The Problem 12

Scope and Delimitation

The scope and limitation of the study is focusing on

architectural design solutions for a Farm tourism Resort

that could become a part of tourist attraction in Bauko.

Wherein, this may include planning and design of the

facility.

It is also limited on the gathered information

regarding the needed data that answers the objectives of

the study, physical study on existing buildings is not

needed for the reason that the time is limited and

facilities related to the study in the municipality are not

present. Thus, design solutions, relevant information and

data are being consider.

Return of investment would not be included in the

study, the focus of the research would be on architectural

solutions only.

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

This part of the study will tackle on the different

concepts and ideas that can be used for design approach.

May include areas and design considerations that will help

to understand the study.

 The Problem 13

Furthermore, this area will focus on the different

concepts of innovations that can be use on the development

of the needed facility. Thus, this concern on the different

types of innovation that can be possibly adopt and can be

consider to become a part of a farm tourism resort.

Architectural innovation

Architectural innovation is a way of creating

something new that people may enjoy, it may come from

different characters such as materials, nature and other

areas that a facility can offer. Innovative design enhance

the facility in a manner that it present something modern

to see and enjoy. This include innovative design which is a

combined by material use for building design.

According to Stuart Karten founder of Karten Design

“Innovative design is new and different. It introduces

aesthetics that haven’t been seen before–something that

produces a surge of adrenaline as it catches your

attention. Beyond that, the product must be meaningful. It

must respond creatively to a real market need. There are

many new ‘inventive,’ technology-driven products that

introduce new functionality. It’s when that functionality

is driven by people and connects to human needs that

 The Problem 14

innovation occurs.” Thus, innovation is a trend for its

contributions on building designs such as aesthetic and

such.

Objectives of innovation

Product innovation: Products concern both material

products and intangible services such as services that meet

customer needs and are thus acquired by the customer.

Process and technology innovation: As the name

implies, these are technological innovations, such as the

creation of products and services. In principle, they are

also process innovations. These include, for example,

production processes or IT technologies for application.

Environmental innovation: All innovations that

contribute to improving the environment are environmental

innovations. For example, environmentally friendly

products, contributions to environmental protection or the

avoidance of emissions.

Innovative Design Concepts

There are three parts of innovative design concepts

that are being tackle, these are emotional innovation comes

on its brand identity where it is being connect through

 The Problem 15

visual and auditory queues, functional innovation was on

parts of human ergonomics, product integrity, and user

interface. This would mostly be on how people use

innovation on there daily life style such as an example on

advancement in technology to make applications feasible

(OLED, gorilla glass, nanotech), and lastly would process

innovation where quality, efficiency, productivity are

involve .

Concepts of Innovation in Architecture

The concept of innovation in architecture should not

only be defined through the use of high technology. wherein

according to Selçuk Avcı, he underlines that the concept of

innovation is not only the utilization of high-tech

products, but also a notion that has to be considered in a

holistic attitude in relation to the design principles. For

him, the concept of innovation in architecture should be

regarded as a component of the organizational scheme of

design process that contributes sustainable,

social and economic developments in larger contexts.

 The Problem 16

Figure 1: Natural flow of air inside the building

One idea of the concept for innovative design is the

thermal labyrinth system on which it is implemented by Avcı

Architects for the first time in Turkey, achieves %50

energy efficiency compared to conventional buildings.

Selçuk Avcı, who insists that the concepts

of “innovation” and “novelty” are much more susceptible and

therefore, sustainable architecture necessitates systematic

innovation policies, also draws attention to the importance

of long-term, systematized and socio-economic justification

of sustainable architecture as well as the significance of

sanctions in architectural innovations.

Concepts of Innovation

Smart materials an innovative technology

Smart or so-called intelligent materials, being the

result of great advancements in material engineering,

 The Problem 17

appear in architecture in different applications. Most of

them are called “smart” because of their inherent

properties: a real-time response to environmental stimuli.

There are also those considered to be “smart” due to smart

design: their original structure or the composition of

their materials are in nanoscale, providing them with

unique properties. Colour changes, physical states,

temperature or shape –always repeatable and reversible

– make these materials attractive to architects, both from

a visual and a practical point of view.(KONARZEWSKA,2017).

Figure 1.3: Sample of Smart material

Benefits of using smart materials in architecture.

Smart materials and its production processes may offer a

wide range of benefits in construction field including,

Superior strength, toughness, and ductility.

-Enhanced durability/service life.

 The Problem 18

-Increased resistance to abrasion, corrosion, chemicals,

and fatigue.

-Initial and life-cycle cost efficiencies.

-Improved response to extreme events such as natural

disasters and fire

-Ease of manufacture and application or installation.

-Aesthetics and environmental compatibility.

-Ability for self-diagnosis, self-healing, and structural

control.

These benefits offer insight into the design and

construction industry’s ability to think beyond its current

boundaries and to continually strive for improvement,

utilizing its resources to fully pursue innovative ideas.

Smart green roofs

Conventional uses of green roofs aim at improving the

heat island effect, storm water management, air quality,

and energy conservation. However, insulation is needed to

keep heat out when it is too hot outdoors or to keep heat

inside when it is too cold outdoors.

A smart ventilation system that improves thermal

performance by coupling or uncoupling the thermal mass as

 The Problem 19

necessary is proposed. To achieve this system has an

insulated plenum in which a fan is activated by temperature

based rules. When the fan is on the plenum is ventilated

and when it is turned off the ceiling acts as an insulator.

However, the fan needs to be more powerful so that this

effect is transferred to the rest of the cell.

New Media Solutions

Media solutions in architecture also evolve in new

forms. They do not stay just in the vertical position of a

media façade, but go deeper in the users’ environment

creating digital canopies (“media umbrellas”) and complex

media environments. “Media umbrellas” due to their

horizontal positions make boundaries between private and

public space, indoor and outdoor zones, more fluid.

Depending on context they can serve various functions. They

follow pedestrians, eliminate monotony of long walkways,

indicate entrance zones and cover places making them more

cozy and more unusual. These structures can constitute

fixed elements of architectural surroundings and take part

in temporary events, provoking discussions and showing new

possibilities. Developing the idea of media umbrellas,

canopies, ceilings and 3D coverings designers go further

in experimenting and create not only bent, curved, or

 The Problem 20

parametrically formed surfaces. Architects challenge in

creating more complex structures that may be called media

environments.

Figure 1.4: sample image of media solutions

These structures shelter users not only above their

heads, but consist of enveloping walls and floors that in

fact cannot be easily distinguished because they create one

homogenous entity. The best opportunity to examine how

these experimental environments function is to make them

in the form of temporary structures in the public spaces

that could be explored by many people: during festivals or

exhibitions.

Sustainable, ecological and Energy Efficiency Materials

The use of renewable materials and natural materials

such as wood, stone, straw or those that can be reuse:

metals or glass. Today so-called natural materials and all

those compatible with the idea of sustainability appear on

 The Problem 21

the market constantly in new forms. Increasing awareness

of the need to limit the negative impact of the building

sector on the environment at all possible levels change the

way designers, architect and building engineer think about

materials. They do not only determine the characteristics

of their products. They try define also the way building

materials should be get, produced, and delivered to the

construction place and at the end: utilized or recycled,

having the least negative impact on the environment .

Figure 1.5: Sample of Renewable Materials

At the same time the value of materials that can be

reused or recycled is increasing rapidly, also due to the

numerous EU directives concerning ecological product design

principles and international building certification systems

such as LEED, BREAM and others. Materials are also

considered as environmentally friendly due to their

durability and reduced raw material consumption. Some of

them are made from natural materials but not the whole
 The Problem 22

group. Access to the latest advances in environmental and

human-friendly materials, potentially useful in

architecture, construction and design is becoming

increasingly easy. It is thanks to interdisciplinary

technology transfer and numerous material platforms, being

kind of global networks in this area, their consulting

centers or exhibitions dedicated to new trends in material

design.

Sample system of innovation in architecture

Thermal Labyrinth System

Is a type of ventilation system that pulls in outdoor

air through an underground labyrinth-shaped concrete

structure that is part of the building itself. Through heat

exchange with the ground, this system can pre-cool and pre-

heat the outdoor air. The following are the effects of the

system to building.

 Thermal Labyrinth Ventilation System uses geothermal

energy to condition Outdoor Air.

 TLVS consistently and substantially cooled and heated

OA during summer and winter.

 The amount of dehumidification exceeded the amount of

humidification.
 The Problem 23

 TLVS significantly reduced the peak loads and energy

needs for conditioning OA.

 The increased fan energy use for the intake of OA was

insignificant.

Figure 1.1: Heat impact on Building

Figure 1.2: Heat and air circulation on building

 The Problem 24

Related Case Study

Farming at Anguilla's CuisinArt Resort in Caribbean Anguila

While rabid consumerism continues to devour the many

hot spots scattered throughout the Caribbean, Anguilla has

managed to maintain both its historical and natural charm,

while gracefully interweaving traces of post-modernity in

recent vacation properties. Although these recent

developments have facilitated more convenient tourism,

Anguilla remains wholly genuine as a setting of true island

life. And while this is blissful, it poses some problems

when it comes to accessibility of food sources. Relying on

North America or Europe (via St. Maarten ) for all of its

food import, receiving processed and non-perishables is not

the issue.

The resort's farming system is based on a tradition as

far back as the hanging gardens of Babylon and the floating

 The Problem 25

gardens of the Aztecs. Literally meaning "water working,"

the main principle behind hydroponic culture is adjusting

the appropriate ratios and concentration of water to allow

a variety of different plants to grow in equal health side-

by-side. Because it involves a substrate for the plant

roots to grow in, the technique is commonly referred to as

"soilless" culture.

Due to the island's non-arable conditions and lack of

fresh water (apart from that generated by osmosis),

hydroponics was the ideal answer to begin an agricultural

initiative in Anguilla. It all takes place in a greenhouse,

specially engineered to withstand the infamous winds (up to

150mph) that pass over the islands occasionally. This way,

the crops can grow all season in any weather condition.

Spanning 18,000 square feet in area, the greenhouse

offers a tour of vibrant colors and delicious scents, each

showcasing a different intricacy to the fascinating farming

technique; such as lettuce ponds grow buttercrunch and

other plants. In order to optimize space, vine plants are

trained vertically as staking varieties. Additionally, the

resort built plant towers, made up of a series of 10 plants

stacked one on top of the other, sustaining off of a

trickle down method of nutrient solutions.

 The Problem 26

Ever since the “farm to table” concept became a travel

trend, there have been plenty of resorts and hotels who

claim their gastronomic experiences are the most organic

and fresh.

Preziosa Botanic Park & Farm Resort in Sulsugin, Alfonso,

Cavite

Boasts Asian-themed villas and a camping area with a

zip line and wall climbing facilities. It used to be a

simple crop cultivation site before becoming a full-fledged

botanic park and farm resort in 2008, so it doesn't come as

a surprise that it grows a variety of crops and fruit

trees. The Botanic Garden housing a wide collection of a

variety of bromeliads, orchids, and ferns, the garden

is the ideal place to reconnect with nature. Complete with

Asian-designed villas, function rooms, recreational

facilities, a camping area, and a propagation area for

 The Problem 27

vegetables and ornamental plants. Other amenities would

have the pavilion’s indoor café,

The diverse farm holds local crops from vegetables

like bell pepper, eggplant, winged beans, bitter gourd;

root crops such as cassava, gabi, ube; fruit trees like

dragon fruit, papaya and, banana while the vine area has

watermelon, sayote, and bitter gourd. Farm animals like

goat and sheep are also being raised at The Farm. Pick up a

pasture grass and feel free to feed the animals yourself.

Another activity that people can do is that, the guests can

purchase potted vegetables or freshly harvested produce

from The Farm before going home.

Bohol Bee Farm in Dao, Dauis, Panglao Island, Bohol

Bohol Bee Farm is a privately owned resort and hotel

but it is best known for two things — their restaurant and

their organic farm. The farm is known for organic farming,

 The Problem 28

many of these herb and vegetable gardens throughout the

property. This was just a small stand but they have bigger

greenhouses as well. Has a huge al fresco restaurant

offering terrific views of the ocean. With its mishmash of

rustic tables and chairs, wooden floorboards, and tree

trunks sprouting floor to ceiling, it feels like you’re

dining in a giant treehouse overlooking the sea.

Other amenities such as restaurants, pools and a

“pasalubung” store or the Buzz Shop are included to the

facility of the said resort.

Loreland Farm Resort in Sitio Loreland, San Roque, Antipolo

City

Loreland Farm Resort's claim-to-fame is Luljetta's,

dubbed as the first and only hanging gardens spa in the

Philippines, located on its eight-hectare property.

Phase 1 of the resort features the main pool with

rooms such as Hamak, Tipolo Rooms and Taktak Function Hall

 The Problem 29

around. Meanwhile, the kiddie pool, another regular sized

pool, billiard hall and a function hall can be found in

Phase 3. Situated in Phase 2 are the floating nipa hut and

volleyball court.

Research Paradigm

The input-process-output framework is a specification

of how different input, intermediate, and output variables

from casual relationships in the system. Is a widely used

approach in systems analysis and software engineering for

describing the structure of information processing program

or another process. Many introductory programming and

systems analysis texts introduce this as the most basic

structure for describing a process.

 The Problem 30

INPUT THROUGHPUT

1. Resort 1. Resort Data process: Published and

Unpublished documents such architectural
2. Farm-tourim books, search engine or internet access,
a. DoT Guidelines
and journals.
b. DoA Guidelines
2. Agri-tourism Data process: Published
3. Architectural
documents regarding agriculture and
Innovation
a. Types of tourism guidelines such as books and
Innovation search engine or internet access.
b. Concepts of
innovation 3. Architectural Innovation Process:
Published and Unpublished documents such
4. Laws and policies as journals, case study( local and
a. National Building International), and search engines or
code of the internet access.
Philippines
b. Department of 4. Laws and Policies data process:
Trade and Industry or Published documents such as books and
DTI law
internet access or other search engine.

OUTPUT

A Proposed Farm tourism Resort in Bauko,

Mt. Province

Figure 3.1 Paradigm of the study

Statement of the problem and hypothesis

The study would aim to identify the functional areas

and facilities with an applicable innovative design concept

that would be appropriate for an Agri-tourism and

Commercial Center.
 The Problem 31

1. What are the different functional areas and facilities

needed for a Farm tourism Resort.

2. What are applicable innovative concepts to be integrate

for a Farm tourism Resort.

3. What are the applicable architectural design solutions

for a Farm tourism Resort.