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GERTC – November 2019 Review Supplementary Problems – 3

1. A 4-m-long quarter-circular gate of radius 3 m and of negligible marked. The hydrometer is then dropped into the other liquid, and it
weight is hinged about its upper edge A, as shown in the figure. The is observed that the mark for water has risen 0.3 cm above the liquid–
gate controls the flow of water over the ledge at B, where the gate is air interface as shown in the figure. If the height of the original water
pressed by a spring. Determine the minimum spring force required mark is 12.3 cm, determine the density of the liquid.
to keep the gate closed when the water level rises to A at the upper A. 2154 kg/m3 C. 850 kg/m3
edge of the gate. B. 1523 kg/m3 D. 1026 kg/m3
A. 277.4 kN B. 177 kN C. 353.2 kN D. 192.2 kN

5. The volume and the average density of an irregularly shaped body


are to be determined by using a spring scale. The body weighs 7200
2. The parabolic shaped gate with a width of 2 m shown in the figure is N in air and 4790 N in water. Determine the volume.
hinged at point B. Determine the force F needed to keep the gate A. 0.125m3 B. 0.246m3 C. 0.632m3 D. 0.733m3
stationary.
A. 470.88 kN B. -68.3 kN C. 33.57 kN D. -251.74 kN 6. Consider a large cubic ice block floating in seawater. The specific
gravities of ice and seawater are 0.92 and 1.025, respectively. If a 25-
cm-high portion of the ice block extends above the surface of the
water, determine the height of the ice block below the surface.
A. 1.25m B. 3.33m C. 2.19m D. 4.52m

7. A spherical shell made of a material with a density of 1600 kg/m3 is


3. A 30-ton, 4-m-diameter hemispherical dome on a level surface is placed in water. If the inner and outer radii of the shell are R 1 = 5 cm,
filled with water, as shown in the figure. Someone claims that he can R2 = 6 cm, determine the percentage of the shell’s total volume that
lift this dome by making use of Pascal’s law by attaching a long tube would be submerged.
to the top and filling it with water. Determine the required height of A. 67.4% B. 32.6% C. 40% D. 60%
water in the tube to lift the dome. Disregard the weight of the tube
and the water in it. 8. An inverted cone is placed in a water tank as shown. If the weight of
A. 0.72m B. 0.81m C. 0.96m D. 0.55m the cone is 16.5 N, what is the tensile force in the cord connecting the
cone to the bottom of the tank?
A. 40 N B. 16.5 N C. 36.5 N D. 20 N

9. The weight of a body is usually measured by disregarding buoyancy


force applied by the air. Consider a 20-cm-diameter spherical body of
4. The density of a liquid is to be determined by an old 1-cm-diameter density 7800 kg/m3. What is the percentage error associated with
cylindrical hydrometer whose division marks are completely wiped the neglecting of air buoyancy?
out. The hydrometer is first dropped in water, and the water level is A. 0.1023% B. -0.0156% C. 1.0325% D. 0.00012%

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GERTC – November 2019 Review Supplementary Problems – 3

10. A 170-kg granite rock (ρ = 2700 kg/m3) is dropped into a lake. A man
dives in and tries to lift the rock. Determine how much force the man
needs to apply to lift it from the bottom of the lake.
A. 1620 N B. 1050 N C. 1963 N D. 1470 N

11. It is said that Archimedes discovered his principle during a bath while
thinking about how he could determine if King Diego del Gillesania’s
crown was actually made of pure gold. While in the bathtub, he
conceived the idea that he could determine the average density of an
irregularly shaped object by weighing it in air and also in water. If the
crown weighed 3.55 kgf (= 34.8 N) in air and 3.25 kgf (= 31.9 N) in
water, determine if the crown is made of pure gold. The density of
gold is 19,300 kg/m3.
A. 12,000 kg/m3 C. 16,250 kg/m3
B. 19,300 kg/m3 D. 17,800 kg/m3

Situation 1 – The hull of a boat has a volume of 180 m3, and the total mass
of the boat when empty is 8560 kg. Situation 3 – An open tank containing water has a bulge in its vertical side
12. Determine how much load this boat can carry without sinking in a that is semicircular in shape as shown in the figure.
lake. 19. Determine the horizontal component of the force that the water
A. 171,500 kg C. 193,200 kg exerts on the bulge. Base your analysis on a 1-ft length of the bulge.
B. 176,900 kg D. 184,250 kg A. 3370 lb B. 4150 lb C. 6150 lb D. 8840 lb
13. Determine how much load this boat can carry without sinking in 20. Determine the vertical component of the force that the water exerts
seawater with a specific gravity of 1.03. on the bulge. Base your analysis on a 1-ft length of the bulge.
A. 171,500 kg C. 193,200 kg A. 702 lb B. 882 lb C. 768 lb D. 960 lb
B. 176,900 kg D. 184,250 kg

Situation 2 – A circular 2-m-diameter gate is located on the sloping side


of a swimming pool. The side of the pool is oriented 60° relative to
the horizontal bottom, and the center of the gate is located 3 m below
the water surface.
14. Determine the magnitude of the water force acting on the gate.
A. 94.2 kN B. 9.81 kN C. 10.2 kN D. 101.3 kN
15. Determine the point through which it acts.
A. 0.10m B. 1.023m C. 0.0723m D. 0.0023m

16. The homogeneous gate shown in the figure consists of one quarter of
a circular cylinder and is used to maintain a water depth of 4 m. That
is, when the water depth exceeds 4 m, the gate opens slightly and lets
the water flow under it. Determine the weight of the gate per meter
of length.
A. 15.4 kN B. 64.4 kN C. 78.5 kN D. 96.5 kN

21. A 3-m-diameter open cylindrical tank contains water and has a


hemispherical bottom as shown in Fig. P2.94. Determine the
magnitude, line of action, and direction of the force of the water on
the curved bottom.
A. 864 kN B. 950 kN C. 485 kN D. 988 kN

17. A cylindrical tank with its axis horizontal has a diameter of 2.0 m and
a length of 4.0 m. The ends of the tank are vertical planes. A vertical,
0.1-m-diameter pipe is connected to the top of the tank. The tank and
the pipe are filled with ethyl alcohol to a level of 1.5 m above the top
of the tank. Determine the resultant force of the alcohol on one end of
the tank and show where it acts.
A. 96.22 kN B. 50.45 kN C. 15.42 kN D. 60.8 kN

18. A closed tank is filled with water and has a 4-ft-diameter


hemispherical dome as shown in the figure. A U-tube manometer is
connected to the tank. Determine the vertical force of the water on 22. A freshly cut log floats with one fourth of its volume protruding above
the dome if the differential manometer reading is 7 ft and the air the water surface. Determine the specific weight of the log.
pressure at the upper end of the manometer is 12.6 psi. A. 7.36 kN/m3B. 8.63 kN/m3C. 14.5 kN/m3D. 9.81 kN/m3
A. 78,500 lb B. 35,000 lb C. 45,000 lb D. 96,500 lb
Situation 4 – A river barge, whose cross section is approximately
rectangular, carries a load of grain. The barge is 28 ft wide and 90 ft

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GERTC – November 2019 Review Supplementary Problems – 3
long. When unloaded its draft (depth of submergence) is 5 ft, and with A. 5.22 ft B. 8.66 ft C. 6.22 ft D. 6.33 ft
the load of grain the draft is 7 ft.
23. Determine the unloaded weight of the barge.
A. 974 kips B. 850 kips C. 786 kips D. 870 kips
24. Determine the weight of the grain.
A. 315 kips B. 550 kips C. 115 kips D. 874 kips

25. When the Tucurui Dam was constructed in northern Brazil, the lake
that was created covered a large forest of valuable hardwood trees. It
was found that even after 15 years underwater the trees were
perfectly preserved, and underwater logging was started. During the
logging process a tree is selected, trimmed, and anchored with ropes
to prevent it from shooting to the surface like a missile when cut.
Assume that a typical large tree can be approximated as a truncated
cone with a base diameter of 8 ft, a top diameter of 2 ft, and a height
of 100 ft. Determine the resultant vertical force that the ropes must
resist when the completely submerged tree is cut. The specific gravity
of the wood is approximately 0.6.
A. 25.6 kips B. 115.1 kips C. 84.74 kips D. 54.6 kips

26. An irregularly shaped piece of a solid material weighs 8.05 lb in air


and 5.26 lb when completely submerged in water. Determine the 35. An iceberg (specific gravity 0.917) floats in the ocean (specific gravity
density of the material. 1.025). What percent of the volume of the iceberg is under water?
A. 5.6 slugs/ft3 C. 8.6 slugs/ft3 A. 89.5 % B. 10.5 % C. 55 % D. 45 %
B. 7.2 slugs/ft3 D. 5.2 slugs/ft3
Situation 6 – A stone weighs 105 lb in air. When submerged in water, it
27. A 1-m-diameter cylindrical mass, M, is connected to a 2 – m - wide weighs 67.0 lb.
rectangular gate as shown in the figure. The gate is to open when the 36. Find the volume of the stone.
water level, h, drops below 2.5 m. Determine the required value for A. 0.551ft3 B. 0.523 ft3 C. 0664 ft3 D. 0.609 ft3
M. Neglect friction at the gate hinge and the pulley. 37. Find the specific gravity of the stone.
A. 6.51 Mg B. 9.65 Mg C. 2.48 Mg D. 8.52 Mg A. 2.10 B. 2.76 C. 2.85 D. 2.61

38. A piece of irregularly shaped metal weighs 300.0 N in air. When the
metal is completely submerged in water, it weighs 232.5 N. Find the
volume of the metal.
A. 0.00689m3 B. 0.00009m3 C. 0.00609m3 D. 0.00869m3

Situation 7 – Determine the magnitude and direction of the force


necessary to hold a concrete cube, 0.300 m on each on each side, in
equilibrium and completely submerged in:
39. Mercury (Hg), use s.g.concrete = 2.40.
A. 1.63 kN ↑ B. 3.20 kN ↓ C. 4.32 kN ↑ D. 2.96 kN ↓
40. Water, use s.g.concrete = 2.40.
A. 0.370 kN ↑ B. 0.352 kN ↑ C. 0.741 kN ↓ D. 0.101 kN ↓
28. When a hydrometer having a stem diameter of 0.30 in. is placed in
water, the stem protrudes 3.15 in. above the water surface. If the
41. A barge is loaded with 150 tons of coal. The weight of the empty barge
water is replaced with a liquid having a specific gravity of 1.10, how
in air is 35 tons. If the barge is 18 ft wide, 52 ft long, and 9 ft high,
much of the stem would protrude above the liquid surface? The
what is its draft?
hydrometer weighs 0.042 lb.
A. 4.23 ft B. 5.32 ft C. 6.33 ft D. 3.52 ft
A. 4.64 in B. 5.6 in C. 11.4 in D. 2.03 in
Situation 8 – A rectangular barge with 6750 m2 horizontal cross-sectional
29. What fraction of the volume of a solid piece of metal of s.g. 7.25 floats
area at the water line has a draft of 12.58 m in sea water (γ = 10.05
above the surface of a container of mercury?
kN/m3) when loaded to capacity. In the fresh water at the entrance of
A. 0.351 B. 0.467 C. 0.533 D. 0.761
the Panama Canal, it was observed that ship draws 12.89 m. Unit
weight of water is 9.80 kN/m3.
30. A square wooden (SG = 0.6) rod, 6 cm by 6 cm by 10 cm long, floats
42. What is the weight of the barge and its cargo in kN?
vertically in water at 20ᵒC when 15 kg of steel (SG = 7.84) are
A. 865,250 B. 824,360 C. 912,360 D. 799,650
attached to the lower end. How high above the water surface does the
43. What is the displacement of the barge in fresh water in m3?
wooden end of the rod protrude?
A. 86,458 B. 92,226 C. 84,119 D. 102,102
A. 0.432 m B. 0.365 m C. 0.285 m D. 0.525 m
44. With an available water depth in the canal of 12.75 m above the lock
sills, how many kN of cargo must the barge be relieved so that it can
31. An unknown object floats in oil (s = 0.80) with 8% of its volume
barely pass into the locks with 90 mm clearance below the keel?
exposed above the oil surface. What is the unit weight of the object in
A. 16,325 B. 14,785 C. 19,995 D. 15,215
kN/m3?
A. 6.89 B. 7.86 C. 7.22 D. 8.52

32. Determine the submerged depth of a cube of steel 0.30 m on each side
Situation 9 – A small cylindrical drum 32 cm in diameter and 52 cm high,
floating in mercury. The specific gravities of steel and mercury are 7.8
weighing 27.0 N, contains perfume (s.g. = 0.83) to a depth of 22 cm.
and 13.6, respectively.
45. When placed in water, what will be the depth y to the bottom of the
A. 0.352 m B. 0.114 m C. 0.172 m D. 0.852 m
drum?
Situation 5 – A 2-ft-thick block constructed of wood (SG = 0.6) is
A. 2.53 cm B. 21.7 cm C. 0.217 cm D. 25.3 cm
submerged in oil (SG = 0.8) and has a 2-ft-thick aluminum (specific
46. How much perfume can the drum hold and still float?
weight = 168 lb/ft3) plate attached to the bottom as indicated in the
A. 0.585 cm B. 45.3 cm C. 58.5 cm D. 0.453 cm
figure.
33. Determine completely the force required to hold the block in the
Situation 10 – Two spheres, each 1.3 m in diameter, weigh 5 kN and 13
position shown.
kN, respectively. They are connected with a short rope and placed in
A. 681 lb B. 741 lb C. 663 lb D. 412 lb
water.
34. Locate the force with respect to point A.
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GERTC – November 2019 Review Supplementary Problems – 3
47. What is the tension (T) in the rope?
A. 1.74 kN B. 6.74 kN C. 13 kN D. 5 kN
48. What portion of the lighter sphere protrudes from the water?
A. 45.3% B. 47.6% C. 44.9% D. 40.1%

49. With how many pounds of concrete (γ = 25 kN/m3) must a beam of


volume of 0.2 m3 and s.g. = 0.67 be coated to insure that is sinks in
water?
A. 239 lb B. 1062 lb C. 1.062 lb D. 0.239 lb
Situation 11 – A rectangular scow 9.15 m wide, 15.25 m long, and 3.66 m
high, has a draft in sea water of 2.44 m. Its center of gravity of sea
water is 10.05 kN/m3.
50. What is the initial metacentric height?
A. 1.24 m B. 1.14 m C. 1.34 m D. 1.44 m
51. If the scow tilts until one side is just on the point of submergence,
what is the new metacentric height?
A. 1.32 m B. 1.44 m C. 1.22 m D. 1.54 m
52. If the scow tilts until one side is just on the point of submergence,
what is the righting or overturning moment couple?
A. 1082 kN-m (righting) C. 1082 kN-m (overturning)
B. 1270 kN-m (righting) D. 1270 kN-m (overturning)

Situation 12 – A barge floating in fresh water has the form of a


parallelepiped having dimensions 10 m x 30 x by 3 m. It weighs 4,500
kN when loaded with center of gravity along its vertical axis 4 m from
the bottom.
53. Find the metacentric height about its longest centerline.
A. 2.215 m B. 2.350 m C. 2.961 m D. 2.413 m
54. Find the metacentric height about its shortest centerline.
A. 45.785 m B. 31.253 m C. 47.634 m D. 50.331 m

55. A solid wood cylinder of specific gravity 0.60 is 600 mm in diameter


and 1200 mm high. If placed vertically in oil (sp. gr. = 0.85), would it
be stable?

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