You are on page 1of 21

Republic

 of  the  Philippines  


Department  of  Agriculture  
Bureau  of  Soils  and  Water  Management  
SRDC  Bldg.,  Elliptical  Road  Cor.  Visayas  Ave.,  Diliman,  Q.C.  

Organic  Farming  Technologies  


 
Presented  by:  Gavino  Isagani  P.  Urriza,  Ph.D.  
                       Agricultural  Centre  Chief  IV  
Bureau  of  Soils  and  Water  Management  
 
 

Presented  during  the  12th    Na>onal  Organic  Agriculture  Congress  held  at  
SMX  Conven>on  Center,  SM  Bacolod  City  from  25  November  to  27,  
2015.  
“The environment must be seen as God’s gift to all
people, and the use we make of it entails a shared
responsibility for all humanity, especially the poor
and future generations.”
(Pope  Benedict  XVI)    
References  
•  Zamora,  O.B.,  Munsayac,  Y.  R.,  M.J.D.R.  Landicho  and  R.D.C.  Resuello  
2006.  Principles  and  Prac>ces  of  Sustainable  Agriculture.  CBCP-­‐NASSA  and  
UPLB-­‐College  of  Agriculture,  GA  Prin>ng  Press,  Maka>  City  160  pages.  
•  ASEAN  Standard  for  Organic  Agriculture  
•  BSWM-­‐OAP  Vermitea  Brewing  Presenta>on  
•  Organic  Agriculture  Act  of  2010  
•  L.  Seasi,  2015.  Livelihood  Op>ons  and  Opportuni>es:  Vermicompos>ng;  
Powerpoint  Presenta>on,  NSWRRDC  for  Hillyland  PEZ,  Tanay,  Rizal  
•  H.  Mar>n,  2009.  Introduc>on  to  Organic  Farming.  Queen's  Printer  .    
Ontario.  10  pages  
•  Chaoui,  H.I.  and  C.G.  Sørensen  2008.  Review  of  Technological  Advances  
and  Technological  Needs  in  Ecological  Agriculture  (Organic  Farming).  
presenta>on  at  the  2008  ASABE  Annual  Interna>onal  Mee>ng.  Rhode  
Island  Conven>on  Center  ,  Providence,  Rhode  Island  
•  Yoshiro  Wakui  ,  2009.  ORGANIC  FARMING  TECHNOLOGY  IN  JAPAN.  Pilot  
Project  for  Beeer  Farm  Income:  Organic-­‐Based  Vegetable  Produc>on.  34  
pages.  
•  R.K.  Dubey  and  N.  Shukla,  2014.    Organic  Farming:  An  Eco-­‐Friendly  
Technology  and  Its  Importance  And  Opportuni>es  in  the  Sustainable  
Development.  Interna>onal  Journal  of  Innova>ve  Research  in  Science,  
Engineering  and  Technology.  Vol.3  ,  Issue  3  
•  O.  Flaten,    G.  Lien  and  M.  Koesling,  2008.  Factors  influencing  the  
conversion  to  organic  farming  in  Norway.  Int.  J.  Agricultural  Resources,  
Governance  and  Ecology,  Vol.  7,  Nos.  ½.  
•  Md.  A.  Sarker  and  Y.  Itohara,  2008.  Factors  Influencing  the  Extent  of  
Prac>ce  of  Organic  Farming  Technologies:  A  Case  Study  of  Tangail  District  
in  Bangladesh.  American  Journal  of  Agricultural  and  Biological  Sciences  3  
(3):  584-­‐590.  
A  .  Outline  of  Presenta>on  
 
1.  Philippine  Agricultural  Situa>oner  
2.  Introduc>on  to  Organic  Agriculture  
3.  Organic  Farming  Technologies  at  the  BSWM  Centre  
–  Soil  Nutrient  Management    
–  Ecosystem  Management  and  Diversity  in  crop  produc>on    
–  Resource  Recycling  and  Cost  Reduc>on  in  Farming  
–  Controlling  Pest  and  Diseases  
Philippine  Agricultural  Situa>oner  
•  47%  (13  M  hectares)  devoted  to  various  agricultural  ac>vi>es  
–  80%  of  the  13  M  ha  is  planted  to  the  three  major  crops  (rice,  corn  and  
coconut)  
•  Generally  small  scale  and  dependent  on  manual  labor  
–  Rice  farming  as  in  most  food  crops  is  dominated  by  subsistence  and  
semi-­‐commercial  farmers    cul>va>ng  an  average  of  1.5  has  farm  
•  Farmers  are  heterogeneous  (commercial,  semi-­‐commercial,  subsistence  
and  landless  farm  workers  
•  Agriculture  R  and  D  has  been  badly  neglected  
–  Only  0.03  percent  of  agricultural  GVA  (lowest  in  East  Asia)  
–  But  with  highest  average  rate  of  return  of  40%  much  higher  than  other  
agricultural  investment  like  infrastructure  which  is  15%  
Situa>oner  con>nued…  

•  Agriculture  is  the  main  driver  of  economic  growth    


–  Contributes  22%  to  the  country's  GNP  
–  Almost  half  of  total  labor  force  
–  1/3  source  of  income  of  the  country  
–  Ironically,  66%  of  the  poor  people  are  in  agriculture,  
forestry  and  fishery  sector.  
Trade-­‐offs  in  agriculture  and  food  produc>on  
(Driver  of  Economic  Growth)  

Water  use/  
Soil  erosion   pollu>on  

Climate  
Change  
Climate  change  

Biodiversity  loss   Food  insecurity  


Aeempts  to  Modernize  Philippine  Agriculture  
–  Government  subsidized  inputs  (agrochemicals,  modern  
seed  varie>es,  small  farm  machineries,  other)  
•  Farmers  prac>cing  double  rice  cropping  increased  from  19%  -­‐  50%  
•  Farmers  plan>ng  HYVs  rice  increase  from  0  –  87%  
•  Synthe>c  inorganic  fer>lizer  usage  incread  from  20  –  80kg  /ha  
•  Farmers  using  pes>cides  increased  from  31  –  94%  
•  Farmers  using  power  >llers  increased  from  0  –  46%  
–  Mean  rice  yield  increase  from  1.9  –  3.5  T/ha  
–  But  expenses  increased  by  358%  (purchased  of  external  
inputs)  and  yield  decrease  by  52%  
Shiq  to  Organic  Agriculture  
Organic  agriculture    
•  Promote  the  ecologically  sound,  socially  acceptable,  
economically  viable  and  technically  feasible  produc>on  of  
foods  
•  Reduces  external  inputs  by  refraining  from  the  use  of  
chemical  fer>lizers,  pes>cides  and  pharmaceu>cals.    
•  It  covers  areas  such  as  soil  fer>lity  management,  varietal  
breeding  and  selec>on  under  chemical  and  pes>cide-­‐free  
condi>ons.  
•  Enhance  produc>vity  without  destroying  the  soil  and  harming  
farmers,  consumers  and  the  environment`  
Characteris>cs  of  an  Organic  Agriculture  that  
Sustain  
•  Flexible  –  not  prescrip>ve  
(loca>on  specificity)  
•  Experien>al  –  farmers  are  
allowed  to  learn  and  change  
•  Par>cipatory  –  farmers  are  
ac>ve  par>cipants  (process  
of  planning,  implementa>on,  
monitoring,  evalua>on)  
•  Pro-­‐ac>ve  –  dynamic  and  
innova>ve  
Benefits  from  Organic  Agriculture  
1.  Farm  Friendly     2.  Export  -­‐Friendly  
       
Soils  has  beeer  physical,  chemical   The  produce  has  beeer  
and  biological  proper>es   nutri>ve  values  and  taste    
   

3.  Eco-­‐friendly   4.  Sustainable  


   
Since  most  of  the  prepara>ons  are   Cycling  of  nutrient  in  adequate  amount  
produced  from  plant  parts  and   makes  organic  farming  system  as  
most  of  the  applica>on  are   sustainable.  
   
based  on  ecological  principles.  
5.  Adoptable   6.  Slows  down  Climate  change  
   
The  available  poten>al  of  1015mg  g-­‐1  soil–C  
Most  of  the  prepara>ons  are  quite  
sink  could  balance  net  emission  from  fossil  
easy  to  prepare  and  based  on  the   fuel  combus>on.  
local  resources.      
Mo>va>ons  to  convert  to  organic  produc>on  
 Husbandry  and  technical    Personal  health  
reasons    
  own  and  family  health  problems  
soil  fer>lity  problems   ergonomic  reasons  
erosion  problems      
 animal  health  problem  
 
Financial  mo>ves   General  concerns  
   
solve  exis>ng  financial  problems   stewardship  
secure  future  of  the  farm   food  quality  
cost  saving   conserva>on  
premium  marke>ng   environmental  
rural  development  
Steps  in  Going  Organic  Farming    
 

Evalua>on   Details  
Step  
1.  Visualize   Envision  what  you  want  your  farm  (grow,  change,  
look)  
2.  Inventory   Available  resources  (physical,  biological,  human  
resources,  prac>ces,  etc.,)  

3.    Educate  
Should  learn  the  basic  of  organic  farming  
(characteris>cs,  dimensions,  principles  and  
prac>ces)  
4.    Plan   Have  a  roadmap  (include  farm  components,  
schedules,  other)  
5.  Implement   Start  with  the  first  step  (firm  up  your  decision)  
Approaches  to  Conversion  to  Organic  
Agriculture  
•  Ver>cal  conversion  –  gradual  shiq  from  the  usual  prac>ce  
and  slowly  increasing  the  use  of  locally  available  resources  
(compost,  manure,  etc.,),  minimized  abrupt  changes  in  the  
system  
 
•  Horizontal  conversion  –  complete  conversion  of  the  farm  
star>ng  from  a  small  percentage  (10%),  conversion  of  the  hall  
farm  is  gradual.  
–  Carefully  prepare  a  plan  for  conversion.    
Essen>al  Ecosystem  Process  for  OA  to  be  Successful  

•  Energy  flow  –path  of   •  Hydrological  (water)  


solar  energy  into,  and   cycle  –  maximizing  the  
through  any  biological   stored  soil  water  for  plant  
system   use  
       

•  Biogeochemical  (nutrient   •  Ecosystem  dynamic  (bio-­‐


cycle)  –  ensure  movement  of   diversity)  –  target  for  high  
nutrients  from  the  soil  through   diversity  of  plants,  animal,  
the  crops  and  animals  and   other  life  forms  both  above  
back  to  the  soil   and  below  the  ground  
       
What  we  want  “The  Good  Soil”  
•  Deep  (top  soil  should  be  about  30   •  Biologically  ac>ve  and  supports  
cm)   high  popula>on  of  soil  organisms  
•  Feels  soq  and  crumbles  easily   •  High  organic  maeer  content  
•  Drains  well   •  Has  sufficient  and  balance  
•  Does  not  crust   nutrient  content  
•  Deep  with  no  hardpan   •  Does  not  require  high  levels  of  
•  Resist  erosion  and  nutrient  loss   inputs  for  high  yields;  and  
•  Produces  healthy,  high  quality  
•  Soaks  up  heavy  rains  with  liele  
runoff   crops  
•  Stores  moisture  for  drought  
periods  
•  Has  few  clods  
Ecological  Principles  To  Follow    in  the  Farm  

•  Keep  the  soil  covered  (all  the  >me)  


–   5  tons  of  top  soil  removed  contain  about  50  kgN,  30  kgP,  22.5  kgK,  1  
kgCa,  5.2  kgMg,  4  kgS  
•  S>r,  not  invert  the  soil  
–  More  than  80%  of  the  root  system  of  the  annual  crops,  most  of  the  
OM  is  found  in  the  15  –  30  cm  layer,  when  the  soil  is  inverted,  infer>le  
subsoil  is  brought  to  the  surface  and  fer>le  top  soil  ia  buried  beyond  
the  reach  of  the  crop  root  system  
•  Recycle  and  u>lize  available  local  resources  
•  Promote  diversity  
Part  2  of  my  Presenta>on  
Late  Mr.  Ernie  Baron:  

Knowledge  is  
Power  
Salamat  Po!  
Thank  you!  
Gracias!  (Spanish)  
Arigato!  (Japan)  
xie-­‐xie!  (Chinese)  
Merci  !  (French)  
Danke!  (German)  
spacibo!  (Russian)  
terima  kasih  (Indonesian)  
kop  khun  kha  (Thai)  
cám  ơn  (Vietnam)  

God Bless Us All!

You might also like