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A v oVmp!':Sel Kovei£ OlOV e8voyeveuKo pu80 lOU q:rOAOD IWV Iovorv, 80 olUIIlGtwoel on 01 rexvnec (01 onplOVPYOl) nnopuzoov p iuv ana lI£

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«Ilavuov xpnpauov av8pwrrov ueioov eivai ... »: n EDPUWW vvootn uutn orroeovon IOU ooquotn Ilporovopc (nep. 481-411 n.X.),

nco pab nopoBiBuOl oe rrepioootepo xopio orro to tpyo roo ITAcuwva, eVtUOOSlOl, xotu In yvwpn pOb, ornv ioin ODVo.cpno. To xpnpaia eBw Bev eivrn unAw£ ovnxeiuevc toxaic, OAAO BnplOupyJipom tou av8pwnou, 0 onoioc aVaBE:1KVUElUI elm w£ eve BnplOupYIK6 ov, rrou nOpepBo.AAEIOl EVEPya OlOV xoopo nou tov nep1fiO:AA81.

o o.v8pwnob w£ 5nplODpyo£, lOOO OlOV toueo IOU UAlKOU MAo. KGl IOU nVE:VpUUKOU noamopoo, orrotesei eva zntnpo nOD nopnpevei oro emxevtpo tou ev51Otp£pOVIO£ KOla lOV 50 n.X. OlWVO. oJ)Olv6pE:VO IOWPlKO nOD OVTQVUKACUGl KQ1 otnv noinon tnc cnoxnc, onwb, viu nap6.onypo, oro nporo orO:OlPOV In£ «Avuyovn£» tou :EOrpOKA1'l: «IIOAAa dVQ1 [Q 8avpaora, ua rirro[€: IIlO 8avpaoro atto roy avbptono. Avro!;' ttepva xa: ttspa atto roy rpIKVplOPE:VO aoupo ttovto pe fir; tpooptouvo; rov vonci ... KQl rnv »neotatn 8ea, en Tn, rnv Qlp8apm Kl axoioaotn aurar; xatcutovei oPywvov[Q!;' xpovo ro xoovo pe aAE:rpw ... KQl [WV daIPP6pvaAwv lIOUAlWV rn yevl(l ue Bpoxia rrafl&r.i£llwl xouatna ayplplwV xcu W 8aAaOOlQ 8pE:PPQW ow rrE:Aayor;, OAa 0

rroA VpilXQVO{;, Qv8pwrror; [Q tnavei pE: 8ixrva otto lIAexrQ osoivia ... » (<<Avuy6vrr)), Of. 331 K.e., peunppoon I', MapKaVrWVo.lOD, Adnvn 1985, o. 111).

E va£ UPVO. c otnv ov8pwmvn onplODpyia, nOD KUIOAilYEl WaTOGO pe tnv ernonpovon on lOOO to nVeDpaUK<1 epyo 600 KOl rn onpIODpyJipma Ill~ texvosovioc 8a nperrei va eprrveovtcu orro mv aio8non too K08JiKovw£ orrevovu ow KOlVWVIKO ouvozo, B16n, OlOrpOPE:tlKa, eivni 6.pEOO~ 0 KivBDvo\; vn cnonoov OAa aDU} W emreovuorc El£ fl6.po£ tnc uvdporrotntnc, Ernonpnvon enixcipn -onuepu 600 note UAAOte ...

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. _ y8VOU~ IOU Hqxriotou, [IIaAUlln onpnivsi 8ffi5e1;I6Tnm xepioo, npoxtncn YVWUIl, texvoopo]

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«To ayuApara IOU &m5ci.Aou A.x. 8VtCtOOOVtOl 08 pio Kmnyopia tpywv, IWV onoiov n A8nvu KUl 0 H\pUlOIO~ eivui 01 5npIODpyOi. I'vopizoope IOU~ {pifI008<'; nou ana p6VOl tOu~ -ooroporoi- npooepxovrm om ouvtAeuon tov 8ewv xcn n~ xpuoe!'; unnptlp18~ nOD Bon8ouv IOV HqJUlOIO va Klvn8ei ... 0 Hqxnotoc \p}}.ot8xvei uxopn KUl IU OKaAICt an6 xpooo KUl Ctpyupo nou CPPODPOUV to naAon too AAKivoou. Eiv01 errionc 0 5nplOupy6!'; IOU opeixnsxrvou TCtAw (eva\: poprrot), fIOU lOY XUplOE otov Mivwa vio mv rrpootooin m~ Kpllm~, tnc onoinc tRave to yupo eve IOKIo. XPOVIKCt OluolI':tpara ... H A8nvu €nAaOf:: orro xouo tnv IIovowpa K.O.K ... » (<1ipavoouoz NnK:poo, 0 Llaioa.1o(;" OAK6~, o. 112).

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H OluvOlsn m~ un6Y81a~ oilpuyya~-u5puywyeioD A.X. om Eapo ana TOV Eorro.srvo , npobrrodetei In xonon 5DOKOAWV pe860wv tPIYWVIOpOD. To ifno n xurcoxeon orro TOV Apxixc lOY 40 01. (<r1eplOrepa(;, [vAivn(;' ITewptvnp> K01 1000 o..AAa

uvnxeipevo, nou npoKaAoDv mv KarQrrAn1;n K01 IO 8aupaopo, unonocv yvwoel<.; Mnxovixnc, r€Wp8rpia~, Tplywvop8tpia~ K.An.

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5

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4. H 1i5t0 EVOe; II&TOUIKOIl "POIIIIOT» KOTOypliQlETOI 011]11 opxoio EAAI]IIIK~ IIu80Aoyio ps TO yiyOVTO ToAw. 5. 0 omlltTpoU IIEpillOU 20 IItTpwlI 86ADe; TOU ,,81]00upo(i TOU ATptWe;». ao IIEPIIO(iOOIl 15 OIWVEe; IIEX"! 0 oIl8pWIIOe; va IIIIOP&O&IIIO KOTOOK&UOOtl IIOPOIIOID &pyo

tov oupovo am yn. Aomov: ,

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B) 01 EAAnvq; eixov ouvoio8non lOU sine qua non POAOU tnc lexvoAoyia!; ylQ lOY ov8.owno. Thov npopneeixo pu80 (IIMIWVO!;, Ilpotayopcu; § 321 c) uvcyvopizetui n ev IIpoKelpevw nnotuxia me np<:iJ(o!; onplOupyiof;, KOl npoopepetcn W!; olop8wnxn ITpa~n n ITpO~ tOV 6.vBpwno owpeo tnc «EYrexvou oO\pio!;»!

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8

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vapn» (IAld~, ~ 417-420) ylU va lOY unoBootazouv! Onw!; MAwore Kl 0 .AoiOaAoG sixe KOlOOKeUUOE:I «tnv Klvoupevnv ~uAlvnv AlppoBimv, eyxf;QV(' upyupov xotov» (5nAUOn u5papyopov) [APlOtOtEAOU!;, fIE:pi lJfvxiJ.f;, 604 b, 18-20J.

A no to DAn8or; tWV apxuiwv llUSlKWV cotoprnrov KUl popnor, or; KAeiooope uun'lv tnv ovooopu, urrev8upizov[or; KOl to popnotyiyavw T6Aw: evov CUf!w[Q prrpoovtzrvo \ppoopo, nou opaoxulZ8 rnv Kpntn KI tpixve Bpoxou!; om stye nsoio DOU WApO\lOaV va ni\nOlCtool)v (AnoM. Poo., Apyov., 1638·1639)_

cJ)aiVetOl Aomov IIW!; exoope to 5lKOiwpo va auprrepcvoope on, iJ.on orr' Hr; anopxtr; too, tvO!; AaO!; pe tE:lOle!; pu808pnOKE:UtlKE:!; nenOlBoOElf;, 61tBete 05n jnn texvoxovio nvnrrrovpevn KUl (to KUpiotepo) piov uqmAn aslaKiJ. oVliAnqro. ylU mv texvoAoyia.

To OUllTIepaollO aura emBeBOlwvElUl Kl cno to oIIo1)50ia TExvoAoYlKU emreovporo too }.luKnva'iKOU IIOAltlOp00. 9D\w 5nAoch'l va rro on iUQV [000 onprrvnxn n Bl':on mr; lEXvoAoyia!:; unS pUKl1vai-

Kt!; nOMI!;, oore 1l0VOV 11m (cxopn noAmO(tpn) T£XVlKO((nAIO uno to BaSn rrov OlWVWV 8u prropoooe vn tn OlKUlOAOYll0£l:

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Av8pu1nlcnU{l'l otnon

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VEl; 80 eixov npooeero xivntpo vu ovomusouv exeivec tI£ rexvoxoviec, 01 onoiec 80 Eu05wvov tnv £IIi I'nc OV8PWIIlVil unopsn -Kl OXl onAw\: tnv Embioon.

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9

TAAITIA

7.0 noAuau{IlTIlIJCVOC; KOI nnvre IJUalr]plwlir]C; "lJllxaVIaIJOC; TWV AVTIKUO~pWV".

8. Apxoio tAAIJVIK~ Atipo ono VOIJIaIJO Tile; AAIKopvoooati TOU 20u OIWVO n.X.

9.H lJaOlJlJOTIKOnoillOIl Tile; IJOUaIKrjc; OITO TOV nuOayopo at

ovoytVVIJOIaK~ ~uAoypaqlia

znv nepi rrxsiotov rromteov a.hAo m EU ZIlV», Kpirev, 48 b).

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10

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12

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EHMEIOEEIE

1. B.I> Knauss J., "SpaethelladisciJe Wasserbauten», DZA Verlag Kultur und Wissenschaft, 2002.

2. BA. A.x. lJ..A. Ilormonpoo, «Ta tXlpat>.~JJ((l epva napa COlf: Apxaiou», TEXv. EmjJe.\mnplo tn, E.\M6o~, A8twa, 1975.

3. SA. /I..x. 8111\.u;'\ncl e.n. T<iOlDU, «YEipwoll tov AOnvwv>J, neplOOIKO 7·HllePCf:, J(a8npcpJVil, 24.03.2002.

4. BA. K,»: (Q opovopo onpetopo 8.11. TaOlO\! orov Kmu.\o\,o Ul!; EK8£On, «Apxaia EAAnvllni Tcxvo.-Ioyia», 'J'exv6noA\!::,2002.

5. 8,1. IIpm{[}KO lou 6Jcavo~y,· uuvc6piol) «Apxa fa EAM,V1Kri Texvosovto», ElVIAET/fM8/IIo1I.. Texv. IEip. ETBA, 8eoooAovilm. 1997.

6. no rreoiooocepo 8i1.. KaKuJ3o\,Javvn~ E., «Mw veo onown I/W r:n AClwvpyia cc.w IIAvvmpiwv pcraAAevpaw[ t1l[ I1CH.lpeW[jKIi~·, lW10 rolJ~ j{AaaJ1w~'!;' spovoix», A" oupn. ApxOIOlIEIPiCl~. AOilVO 1992.

7. BA. T.P. Tasslos, «Countertertillsstion of Science and Technology in Ancien t Greece". Int. Congress on Ancient Structures, Olympia, 2001.

8. B'\. npoxeipwf, OWV KmMoyo tn, EK8i:o£w, «Apxaia EAAnv. Texvo,loyiwl (Tcxv6110Al~, 2(02), tnv EtaaywYl1 Kat ro En]leiw~1Q 8.n. Tcmou yta 10 Melpmmo Opyavo.

9. BII. s. KMAlyeponov.\o,: «.4vWJ1a[QIIOm[JKli, Hpwvo[ rov AAcgav{5Plvov», A8itva, 1996.

10. YOlepa orto 1.800 )(P6VlCI, 01 OUIOITlK£i: noxneiec WU Campanella KOI too Bacon 00 otnprxfloov ornv TEXvo.\oyia YI[J tnv CIVQK01Jqllon roo av8pwnou uno to 1l6x8o KCIJ m

otepnon.

•

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ApxtC; 40u al. n.X.

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308·246 n.X.

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H npoknopia tev amop6.tUlv

AvapqnoBil.tma to uoropnm orrotesoov mv texvo.i\oyio Ulxpil~ K6.ae erroxnc.

To {pia peyo..i\a o..i\paw nou npovpruorroinoe n texvncn OK€W1l omv iotopnm m!; eE:€.i\ISn aq>opoov: IIpWIOV, tnv eq>e0peon lWV epya.i\dwv, "(.(iJV texvnrov KUl a:qroxwVOVtlK8lp€vWV; nou errexteiVOUV m 6uvap.n, H!"; IKQvOmIe!"; KUl mv ep.B€.i\Elo IOU av8pwnou, 6nw!": 10 ponaao, 10 aK6vtIO Kffi to BpeITo.vl. ll.eUrepov, tnv ernvonon IWV pnxavwv, noo orrotesoov oupn.i\eypmo em1,l.€pou!"; pnxcviopov; lKavWV va pemBiBouv xivnonn va evioxooov qmOlKCt peye8n, KGI nou .i\euoupyo0v oSlOnOlwvIO!": jnov esWteplKil. 8VepY810, n.x, mv ev€pyt:1Q IOU av- 8pwITou, evO!"; zoou, IOU V8pOU n IOU avepou, 6miJ!; 10 r6so, n apaso Kal 10 nsoio, Km tpitov, 10 coto-

IUI-lq>oova I-IE -rOV nouO'ovia, ° KflEO'i-roe; Eq>nupE KOI KO-rOO'KEUOO'E roue I-InxovIO'I-I0Ue; rnc aq>E-rnpioe; O'TOV Inn66pol-lo rnc Oflul-lnioe;

16

II

para, tI!; uotoxivntec tKeive!; pnxnve; nou KIVOUVIal pe evepyela EOWIEPIKil., IT.i\nOlo.zOVtar; nepioootepo In .i\elIOupyia lU1V zovmvov ovtov,

To mnopato 6pw!": uotc expuv IlOVOpxale~ piZC!;.

To pu8Jxa. omo],lQta .

01 ITpwte!"; cnnoxivntec pnxovec eivm n0l6w m!"; noinnxnc q>ovraoio!;. Anotesow Bnllloupyilpma pIa!"; PU81Kll!"; evopoonc, PIO!"; texvo.i\oYlKil~ np6ileone, pIa!"; texvianc em8upio!";. Bpnepiexovtm Olav apxaio e.i\.i\nVIKO ]1080 Kal orrotesoov €Kq>poon me ov8pwnopopq>lKil.!"; IOU avti.i'.nqm!":.

H .i\€sn «ootopotov» eivm .i\tsn opnpisn. «Auroponn 5e n0.i\m pUKOV oopcvou/rnnopnru, an6 PM!"; IOU!;, UVOlSav 01 nu.i\e!; IOU oupavOU» ypuq>el

o Opn.PO!: otnv /Aui.{}a too (E 749, .B.i\. ox. 4).

Km 0 Hq>UlOIO!";, 0 t8XV01l.6yo~, 0l5epO!"; KID autopnronoio; 8e6!; MV E.i\.i\l'l.vwv, {(tp:iJrro5a~ eizooi eteoxev, xpuoen 5e oq>' uno KUKM €KaOlW nu8poo 8ilK:8V, oq>pa 01 OUt6p0101 8eiov Buaaim' oywvo' 8aiJpa IBto80l,/elKoOi tpin06er; OUVO.i\IKCt pootopece sm uppoze p6Be~ xpUoe!; Kurw an' tn Boon KO.8EvO!;, YIO va prropoov uoropnru, omoKlvoupEVOl, ]l€!; OtWV 8ewv m ouvaSn va prraivouv. Km nmv aslO8niJpaOlOl, eva 80upo va tou~ B.i\€nel KQveic» (E 376).

Ki OK6pn €x81 0 O.i\Dpmo!; 18XVOUpyOr; «600 xpoot!; 8epanaIVi6e~, oKMBe!; ]l€w.i\.i\lKe!;, pe .i\oyiK6, q>Wvil. xm 5ilvolln, q>uayptve~ elBurn. YIn va prropoov tov xootoonoecpo 8e6 VO errobootczoov» (~ 417) ..

~IO ci.i\.i\o tno!; tOU rromm, to tnos nou oq>opO. mv

1I2XVn til!; 8CtAuoou£, mv 05UOOf:lU, 0 BUOlAICt!; nov illUlCtKWV AAKivoo!; ovopeperrn «OW rrxoio IOD to KmaOKE:DUOPEVU pe oK8vn, om nsolc pe mv sotoOKf:DUOpEVn OKEwn. PE: mv rexvntn tocc vonpccovn (UWOKOPf:VUl !ppmi vneg), nsoio nOD 5cv EXODV OUIC KDBcpviuE:£ octe rrn60Am oav c' CtAAU xopofnu, uAAo pe cj;OlpeIlKn rnxomm 6mvDoDv u£ 8aAUOOlVE!; unootcoeic, cxopn Kl Olav exci OKOtCtal KUl ODVVCqna, xci nOTE 5ev DrraPX81 tpoBo!; va lIa80Dv BAaBn n va xaBOD\'» (8 556).

A mu tu puthKO IEXVIKa opoputu otnpizoVIUl iow\; oe avatpopE\; oxopn upxmotepov noropotov Ka(QOK8UWV. orrw£ TO rnxopntn oucrnpota v6p8uon£ IWV BaBuAwviwv n tn uoropotn rrAOlupm xui tn ootoxivnrc vetoocrmotc ayoJqlma lWV AWDnIiwv, nOD UVWPEPEl 0 Hp6Bow£. Ennpenzouv oP(o)£ pe tn oeipo IOu£ tooo tou£ opxnioo; IEXVlKOD!; 600 xoi lOU£ rrpotooc tpUOlKOU£ (jJlAoooqJoD£.

Tn uutopnra omv uuolKil ernotnpn xm u:xvoAoyia

01 qnxnxoi, npoooxpunxoi !pIAOOOtpOl, ElOUyODV nporonopc tnv CITlompOVIKn OKEwn. £TIlX81POUV m !pUOlKll eppnveic IOD KOOPOU Kat arro6i6oDv tn 5nplODpyia tou Of: UAlKO otoixeic ouv m yn, IO VCpo, IOV aEpa xci tn !pwnu. Evvooov PUA10W W UAlKa aD'((1 O"COlXeiU OXl UWDxa, aAAU Ep1,fIDXa, PE 1,fIUXll, rrvon, eVEpYEla, lKaVQ va Klvn80uv xrn va KIVllOODV.

H ovnxmpn ootn, vin IOV EPIlJUXO UAlKO KOOpO,

II

vivetrn om OUVEXEla nvnsmpn I8XVIKll, Ern5iwj;n tWV upxaiwv rexvmov VU rrpooSEOOUV eocotepncn evEpyua am KUWOK£DaOPQIn IOU£ Kat va 5nplOUpynooov pnXUVE£ lKO:VE£ va KIVODVlUl uno 116VE£ lOD£. T£WIOD d50u£ eooteoncn 8VEPYElU uvnzntnoav am recoepo npotnpxnsn !pUOIKa OWIXE:la. H yn rrpoKaAouo£ 5UVUPIKll EVEPY8lUMyw Tn£ BapDlnra£, EV£fJY£lU rrou l1IIOPOVOE va aSlOnom8ei PE mv nroon cv6£ pOAvBoIVOU Bupou£. H pon IOU VEpou peAEu'lBnKE: lomiu:pu om uopauAlKu oootnpotu. 01 l016rllTe£ IOU KEVOD xni LOU nepo pEAElnSnKav ow VEO KAnoo IWV «Ilveoprnucov». Km II !pwna l1IIOpODoe vu npOKUA£Of:l xivnon eire pe m petorporrn IOU vepou 08 orpo eue pe In omOIOAn IOU SE:ppmVOpEVOD uepn, ~til OUVEXEla uvutpE:poupe PCPIKO XUpaKmPIOUKa IIupaoeiypma opappoyn£ lWV lOlOIl1.lWV aVlWV otnv KumOKCUll mxountorv xoto TO KAuomu KUl EAAnVlOllKU Xp6VlU.

To uuroporo nepiotepr IOU APxUIU

Ilpotn 10IOPIKU ovoqiopo evo£ lCXVlKU upuou cotouotou pnxoviopou BpioKoupe one nePlYpa!pE£ IOU Pwpaiou AUAOU I'tAAlOu (YDPW 010 143 p.X.) KUl IOU ODYXPOVOu IOD EAAllva qnAoo6tpou q)aBwpivou, Km' UUIOU£ 0 !piAo£ lOD IIAarwvu ApxUra~, ~

4. 01 DUT6I1an:e; miAce; TaU oupcveu,

5. H O'(jlaipa TaU AI6Aou ac aUYXPovlJ YP(](PIKq TTapClJTaOI]

o Hpwv, nepinou TO I 00 n.X., jJefieTO

TIC; 1610TnTec; TWV uypoov KCI TWV cepiwv KCI emvoei TOV np66poIJO Inc; oruounxcvnc

17

TAAYTOMATA

9. AAAIlIJIII mJYXPovlj KDTO(JK&U~ Till) (Jtpoipol) TOU Hpoovo. 10. !UVXPOVIl OVOKOTO(JK&u~ Till) IJIlXOV~1) TaU Hpoovo nou nopdx& v£p6 11£ Til pilJlll &v61) VOlJi(JIJOTO~

OCPl£ Ol\JAOU£ mb .BU011£. Kai 01 KDKAIKO tonoaempEve£ BOKXe\; yupizouv xopeuovtag yupw orr' to }.llKPO vuo. Ken nxo£ QlmuY£lOlwpnovwv KUl KUpBUACcJV ... » (Hpov, Aotouoionomoxn, 4, 2).

OAu auto to «ncpepvo» IOU ooroporco I:ko(pou arrotexoov, 6nw£ KOl W oootnpc OAOl{AnpO, ernpepou; 0U10PQlO oootnpnto c.i\tyxou.

E1;OlP£UKO OUV8ClO runopurn oDoB1PUW, 6uoKol\.u omv sorooxeon raub, pe e,\CYKtE£ OlUCPOpWV elowv, 6rrw£ U6pOUl\.lKE\; fiave\;, pnxnvucouc OIQKOrrtec, rpOXOD\;, Bal\.fii6c\;, pe 6uvm6mm npoypup- 110110POD tov KIVitO£WV PEOW l\.emwv IT€pluij;8wv (WV vnuctuv, 6pUl£ am oUAAnq.rn IOU\; arIAO., «UVOIXtO» onUl£ AEYOVWl, ooornpntn eM:yxou, ODompctc o 6ily n011£ , ouotnucto nOD OKol\.OD8oUv pta npovpuppnnopcvn e£,UllePlKn evtoxn.

Hpcov: «H TEXVn me KOTOcrKEUne; TOOV OUTOIJOTOOV crUlJnUKvwVel orin rnv emcmuovucn KOI TeXVIKn vveoon tOOV IJnXaVIKOOV»

20

H rrpoiotopin ill!; Qv6.6paon£

Ynnpxei 6pw£ PEOQ otnv iotopio m£ apxaio\; cA· Al1vIKnb t8XVlKl1£ oK811m£ KQl 11 Iota ."WV BuvapIKWV KA£lOlWV ODompUIUlV eAtyxou, ootorv 6nl\.ooit nOD eKIO\; ana 111 CIlU61Kooia lOU ei\EYXOU 01U8trouv tn tho6lKaoia ill£ ov0.6paon£, tnc 6lUPKOU£ nopuKOAou8n0I1£ lOU em61Wl<OpeVOD onO(eAtopaw£ KUl tnc oUYKplOn£ lOU pe mv ern8upmn eioooo uvo<popa\;; Ynopxei yevlKolepa 11 8VVOlO IOD «noroeMyxou», 611Aaoit too norooovopou eAtyxou ev6£ oootnuoroc, IOU 8i\eyxou nOD oev opxenui jlOVO oe play orrxn Ej;wreplKll evtoan, uAM rroo ej;aocpaAizel ow ouompn pia oovexn tuaw8n em8ujlmn ACltGupyia, OUV080V1O£ OXIPOVO tnv umo pe to anotsseouo aAAO l{Ql cvootpooc, 1180a oe evov atvao £OUltepIKO KDKAO, W onotexeopo p8 tnv rutin nOD to rrpoKai\we;

01 evvoicc IOD KUl{Aou, tou KAelOIOD Bpoxou, tn; ova6paon!; KUl tnc outccvuipeonc cpqJUViZOV1Ul apXIKO otnv upxniu ei\AnvlKit oloheKuKit (plAOGOqllKll OK8q.r11.

Kata LOV Hp6Kheuo:

«illaqlCpoj.l£VOV eoutro, {;UPqlEPElQl - nuAivlOvO£;

uppovin/ uoro noo ovtniderui ue lOY £QUIO IOU ouprpwv£i pe IOV 80UIO IOU - unupxei jno ovuoenKD. uppovio» (B51)

KOla tOY EwKpcim:

«Ev oiBa on OUOEV oion/

Eva yvwpizUl, on &v yvwpizw tinoto, Eva eivm 0- Au8e!;, OUIO rrou OeXEIQl U1V opvnon tOU 8OUIoU IOU».

o ffia.1WV rreplYPorp81 opiototexvixo OlOU!; 010- Myou!; tou III coxpuuxn pOleUUKD. pe8000, KOHl. tnv orroio 0 iBIO!; 0 EWKpUln!; «iliYX81» W OUVOpJXnm IOU, IOV «oonyd» ow emdopnto oounepuopa, K080piz0V10!; KOBI2 <popa mv cpotnon tou pe Boon tnv npoBAerrop_£vn unevmcn.

H omolKooio OUID. nepiexe; tnv evVOIO m!; uvaopoon!; KOl IOU KAelOlOD coompotoc eAEyXOU. 0 l1MIWV eioovei OKOpn IOV opo «KuBepvnuKll» (fopyio!; 51ld), W!; tnv texvn IOU KuBepVllm vo KuB£pvo., va eAeYX£l tva nxoio il pia nosueio.

To nop0.5£lYPO IOU KuBepvl'lIll £VO!; rrAoiou, W!; eAeYKIll Ill!; rropeio\,; ton, nnooxosei 10mirEpa KOl tov Apiototesn, 0 orroio; j;Exwpiz£l 10 Blo.rpOpO 1'<mpepou£ otoixeio eAeyXOU coton IOU KAelOlOD BpoXOU oe alJluxo KOl eplJluxo (ax. 7).

« ... EE opiopevec texvec, I£XVlKf:£ l'lerroyytAp01o (IEXVOl) eivcn OVOYKaiO va onopxoov IO Kmo.AAnAo £pyai\£ia, P~XavD.pOIO n auoK£ue!,; (opyavo) ym va prropeoei va o}.oKAnpw8£i 10 texvixo EPYO ... Ano 10 epyaAeio. mxn aAAo pev eivm OIJlUXO KOl OAAO eplJluxo. Orrw!; KOl yio IOV KuB£pvnm too nxoioc IO nnBOJuo eivm £pyoAeio ClIJIUXO, £vw 0 rrpwpea\,;, 0 vuornc onAooil nou rpUM£l tnv rrAwpn, nnpctnpei tn BliAoaoo Kl evnpepovei IOV KOrr8I<l.VIO, eivci eplJIUxo. Tmti 0 texvirnc, 0 £pyfiIll\,; nou P8!8XE:l OIl£ 18XVIKE£ epyooie!,;, unotesei eva £iBo£ epyoAeiou, opycivou, 8t,o.prilpaIO£ pmb pnxovil£» (AplorortAn£, Ilo/utuca A2, 4).

O tAeyxo£, AomOv, mb rropeio£ evoc nsoioo

• eivui eve KAelmo ooompa eAtyxou, 000- reAODpevo [000 uno eplJluxa 000 KUl orro 6.IJIUXO ClIOIX£io. 0 KuBepvnm£ AelWVPyei Ul£ eAeYKln\,;, X8lPlZOpeVO£ TO mpoxo opyavo IOU rrnBalI.iou. 0 opwpeo£ Aelloupyei w\,; 0- vClopoan, evtorrizei rnv rropeiu IOU nxoioo KOl III oVYKpiv£l pe UlV em8upmil. 0 APIOTOIEAn\,;, pOAlam, j;8Xwpiz£l 010 iB10 epyo IOU IO ODO BOOlKO eion IWV OUOIllPUIWV eAeyxou: 10 ovoixto orro 10 KAel010 oootnpmo, exeivn Ill£ o5ilynon!,; orro £KEiva IOU OUWeAtYXOD, ra 5ex6pevo {{KeAeDOpO» uno 10 5108erov1O «npouiofmmv».

«I'irm av KCl8e epyaAeio prropouoe va KOV£l III 50UAelU IOD ette smornv ej;wU:plKl'l£ evroM£, sn- 18u8uvopevo ej;wleplKu (K£Aeuo8ev), eire 5m8EwVlO\,; 8OUl{£PIKO npoypopprmopo, 8xovro£ eoonepixn Aowupyio eAEYXOD (npooioaovopevov), tore 80

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AellOUPYOUO£ ocroporn oov IO YAuIIIa IOU AoiOoADU n oov rou£ lpirrooe£ tou Hqmiotoo KGl 101£ au- 10pO(O 80 D<pOlV£ n corm tou OpyaAe1OD Kl octopaIO 8a rraizov poooixn IO rrAnKrpo rns Kl8apo£ ... » (AplOlOL, Ilasituca A4).

H evaox6Anon [WV apxoiwv E}.AnvUlv <PIAOOOrpwv KOl pnXOVlK6:JV OXl povo 8£UlpnuKCl, Moo KOl npoxusn pe tn peAtrn KOl tnv KOIOOKeun IEIOlOU £loouS KMlOr6:JV ouotnpoucv uotopntou eAEyxou, pnxnvcv ovej;apIlllwv, uoroxivnrov KOl OUlOeAeYxopevov, 6p01UlV otn Aelloupyio IOU£ pe 10 zovtovo ovro, OAOKAilpwo£ non orro 10 £AAnVIOllM XPOVlO 10 rexvoxovixo ClAP.O nou nepinoo 5uo XlAlelie£ OPyOI£PO £rrEIP8lJf£ tnv rrAaua xpnon rov pnxovov OU1WV am fnopnxovin KOl rnv EvapSn Ill!,; BlOp.nxavlKn£ eT1QVOOIOOn£ otnv Eupwrrn. •

11. To OUTOIIDTO OVOIVIID TWV

Oupwv TOu VDOU nou cfXt KDTDoK£U{iO&1

o HpwVQ~, ono

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OKOJ,ln cpxciotepcov aUToJ,lOTWV KOTCO'KEUOOV

21

«A YTOEAErxoz»

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TIEl nelp<Ild, p€'A'0wg toe "tE. m~ Etalpria\i M'tMrn!; Apxafas: 8W1V1!Kt1!; 1i"E:X,V0X:0yia-;

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H~.PG

illproto 6pyavo ]li:tPJilOOS tou xpo:VOl!l, BnAat:in. e- 60p.0iCilOns tn!:: 5uvapJ.KiLs oupneplqJopCtS ev6!; qJalvopevoo, mav n K.h.e:lpiJ6QO.

H KAe1pUBpQ avaqlEpetQl nprotu aile lOY Epu:e§0KMl Kal t0V Ava&tlyo{!G,. Elival tva tioxOO pe Aerrte 'I!'lMo i\mpo KQl !punes etev rru6peva. Kpatci>vta!: Kavei!:: ,Ki\eloto to rnlvOO ot0PlO pe tov cvnxeipn KQl .Bu8izovto!:: to 5oxeio ow vepo 60. prropoooe Vet Gl.ll.{K.PatnoSl jl!l10 Iil000Ul[(!" v:ep0u x6ilp.is va yiV€l IlLVtlAnmO~, aa ~n<!l.POooe 1iiru..Q"6n Vet «Ki\elpEl U&UP». 0 ~ tn~ pon~ too vepou ywomv pe tOY avtixelpa (0X. 4).

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«Emi Be ~p(ll auAro681!:: €xoU0Ci11 eKKj)O~, €IS a~ to \l6cup eyxtOUCJl, npo!; 0 8& i\tyelv KCtta. ta!:: 6iKa!;lOl KM1.IIoope!; €ivm Boxeia rrou 6m8ttOllV i\eIIttsowi\nv{j)te~ eKPOES. Em 80l(€ia auOO. pixvouv vepo, pe to onoio petpeov to xp6vo op:W.a~ otl~ 6n1l00l€!: BiKe!::» (AJ.)lototum, A8nvaiwv II041- teia 67,2).

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o iliyxo!; me pon!; YlVorav miAlp.eow Ev6!; av- 8_pv)nou. «0 E!p' OOwp» mnv 0 BOUAO!; noo 5excnav tnv evtosn: «EIIiAa.Be to U&iJp! otcuorc tn pon IOU vepou amy Kl\elpoopQ.». H povipn !PPayU m!; KAeWOOpo~ Ylvomv p£ KWVlKO ~uAOKaf>!po: «nAiOKO!;;

€IIl.Kj)OUelV tnv KMqnXlpav». .

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TeAo!;;, evBla!ptpouoa ntov n xpnon In!; KAeqIlJ' Bpa!; Yla mpOtIwtlKOU!; oxonooc zni lfuai'cEpa yIa m petpnon too xpovoo nou !pUAayav tn VUKW 01 \pUAaKe~.

H VUKW x<Dplz6wv oe teooepic ion!; BIOPKEIa~ OKOme!;, mra tp81C:; VUKt8pwte:; wpe!;. AvtiOtolXU XWPIZOWV Km n np.8pa oe BWBeKa ioe!; np.epnOle!;; wPE!;. H Bm!popctum 516pKem «ev np.epwv Kat tWV VUKtWv KaID tI!; Bla.!popee:; enox€!; too t1OUe:; eixe ouverreio ill BIOqlopetlKn BlopKelO npepnoiorv Km vuKteplvwv wpwv xm ononoeoe OXCtlKn npoooppovn 1WV wpoAoyiwv. Etci n orpcnrotncn voxtepivn KAewoopa KatoOKeuazOtav om p.tYlOm fiuvmn mc:; fila.maon, nou OvtlO1OlXOUOe om p.tylOm voxrn. H npooQ{)p.oyil YlVOtaV ue n;po08nKn n a<paipcon otpwp.ato!; xepiou ow eOWt8pIK6 m~ KiIf;qFOOpac:;, avo. 10 np.8p8e:;, ava.Aoya cno to av enperre vo ],1£IW' 8ci n VO ~n8Ei 0 XPOVO!; Aeuoupyiac:; me:; (AI viae:; TOKtlK6c:;, 22, 24).

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23

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24

~ vepo nOAD xapnAil!; POll!; peon 010 pixpotepo 00- xeio BB rrou nepiexei 0SOVIKO oupevio h.

H O1a8pn LOU V.EPOD ow ooxeio B ovefxnvsi apya pexpi va lp8aOEl lO uvotoro UWO!; 10U onpovioo, peon 010 eVQ opiouevo xpoV]J{O BlaOTnpa n.x. 6 ropov, Otnv nAnpw- 8d 1O OHPWVlO, TO ooxdo BE OBE:IClZEl Gnotopo 10 VEPO IoU peow IOU (]wAilVQ IT 0'£0 UOOKEi11E:VO OIEYOVO BOXEio rr. Tote 0 eYKAwBlOptvo!; 010 Boxeio uuto aEpa!; ouprnrzeroi KU! BlUlpEuyel Qno tn ouplyya P, 1110 OWAnVOE:IOn OlpUpiXTPO nOD nopovei OSl) nxo.

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25

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O AO!; auto!; 0 ouv8ew£ pnXOVlOllO!; IOU wpOAoyiou Bev So pnopouoe vn Aeuoupynoei pe oKpiBelO, ov Bev eixe esao!paAiOE:I tnv upxncn «omSepn pon» IOU vepou aITO to, xpuoo xctn tov Bnpoofno, expo!pumo fl. Aotn 11 mo8epn pon prropoooe va emleux8ei peoco too iliYXOD O1USPI1!; IOU vepoo ow OPXIKO ooxeio nopoxnc B.

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26

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27

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28

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TeAO!;, 0 Hpov 0 AJ...ej;av5p£D!;, meovov to 100 n.X., m:plypocpel oro epyo IOU ITveupuuKo B", 8ewpnpa 31, evov ClV1iOlOlXO pnxnviopo eMyxol) 01u8- pn!; uypou, peow evo!,; pnxUVlKOU KUl OXl UBpOUAIxorrveoponxoo onw!,; OIOV O>iAwva eAeYKrn (ox. 8).

«Ayydou oivov exovtoc xni KPOUVOV KUll)nOKeIuevou Kpun'l.po!,;, 600v ov II!,; IOU Kpmnpo!,; mpeAKIm, toOODIOV El!,; UUlOV ernppeerv oivov eK too KPO"llVOU .. ./ Ana 10 OTOPIO EVO!; ayyeiou yepiz£l Kpaai tva notnpi nou BpioKEIOl KO(W IOU. Km 000 KpGai Kl uv rmpei Kovei!:; uno 10 notnpi rooo nOM 8a pecoet oe OUl6 uno to OlOPlO lOU ayyeiou».

Eoto AB 10 ayyeio pe to xpuot Kal r Ii 1:0 010PI0 IOU. Eorw 0 P1Kpo!,; 5ioKO!;lwpnOVlOv EZ KOJ 01 poB50l/KUVOVe!; He, KA, KO, AM. Ecte KOIW ono 10 otojno to nompio II. Km tOTW Eva!,; IIAwni.pO!:;! AeBnraplOv P,. OUVOeJ,l.EVOO; J,l.e In p6650 KO KUl BuEllopevo; ow oyyeio ~T. 0 oWAnvo!,; YO> OUYKOlvwvd pe to oyyeio ET KOl IT.

Otov W oyyeia IT KUl ET eivm KEVO, 0 nAWlnpU!; P aKouprr6 otov nu8peva IOU ayye:iou ET KOl TO 010plO r Li pevei ovoixro.

To Kpooi rote peer orr OUIO KOl am 5"00 50xeio TE KOl Il, onote avu\IJ6>VerOl 0 nAwu'lpu!,; KOl KAeivel to mOJ,l.IO, J,l.tXPl!; OWU KUl rrUM mpmpeooup£ xpnoi uno LO rrornpi, KOl lOUIO oupBuivel Ka.8e cpo· po nou cqxnpoopc xpooi.

Krn e:5cil txol.Jpe tva K?J..elmo OUOInJ,l.O eAeyxou, pe avu5poon nOD usonoicltoi pcoro too nAW[npO KOl lOU pnXOVlKOU ocompotoc ZUYOD KOI BnABi5o!,;.

To cucpun aura. napaBeiypOIo KAelOIwv oootn-

8. EA.&YXOI; aTl18111J1; uypou KOTll TOV HpCilVO

Ito c)J'PloBntou)Jevo an6 lJepIKOU~ «Qpofl6Ylov tOU Apxl)Jn6ou~» uncpxe n neplvpacpn

evoc noflunfioKou u6paufliKou IJnxavlolJou

paMV eAeyxou tilb oH18J..ln!; uypwv 5eixvouv nw!; 01 evvoiec me nv6.5poono:;, IOU «auweMyxou) ODVUlllKellV ouotnpntov KUl reo KAelOwD Bpoxou OXIllOvo peAern8nKOV 8£wpnuKa., OAAO KUl uAorrorn8nxov npOKuKO, KOTQOKeoa.ornKO:V pe npoooxn uno IOU!; OPXOiOD!,; EA,\nVE!; J,l.nxUVlKOU!; xai evtoocoVIOl OtoV KOIOAOYO tev upxniov eAAnvIKwv [£XVIKWV ernvonoeov. •

29

TIromTIA

HCPOlotO{;

o 8e6c;· me; cpwnac; kal "I'm;

.. craUouPviae;. HTCIV VIOe; TOU 410 Kal TnC; Hpae;. HTOV lI~nl-loc; oTnV tlJ<PlIYllm .K(li "OUTOOe;, VlaTl "lInon: 0 .6:Ioe;, BUlJldlJl::voe; noAIi, TOV ntTa~ emo TOY OAupnoont rn. 0 HIpOIOTCM; tn&ae OTO "nol me; AnlJYou Kal TO"KIO& TO n061 'l'OU. EKti tCPTIO~ tva tPvoOTnPlo TOU, aUe. TO onoul5au>n::po TO KOTOo"cliaoc OTn 11"eJ,io,lJli:oa OTO nlpa'iOT&I.o Tnc; AiTvaC;. 01' opl!oiOI cpon(ll;oVTCIv nldC; QI Konvo.i nou t.Dyalvuv Kal 01 &Kpn~le; nTOV' TO ano'l'tAtal-lQTO TIdV &pyaollilv TOU HlpaIOTOU. OTav avtDalvc OTOV OAul-lno, 01 (sv8pldnOI Hcyav "WC; toDnve TO Ka,lJivlO 'l'OU, \'I' aQToKol TO nlpalOT&lo 'l'nv cno.l!n &Keivn I::ptvav O'DnOTa. 4il5a~t OTOUe; av8pwnouC; nwe; va xpnollJonololiv Ta lJt:raMo "01 va 1p1:l1Uv0UV epyaAtlo' "ol£Pva 'l'txvne;. 01 opxaiollpov:rfll;oV'l'av TOV HCPOIOTO 0011' tva~ aOl!npo,lJe.Aol!plvo Kal TPIXld'l'0'8eo. EnlKtV'l'pO Tm; AaTp&ioe; TOU ilTOV n 1\I'I.IIVOe;. 01 T£A.CTte; nou elxov Ol!I::crn·II' OU'I'OV, oav KuphlPl!O OTOluio TOUe; neplA(IIIBavav m IpIdTI(i KOI VI' aUTO olAollnal5n1lpolllee; i'lTav TO KUpl.OT&pO aVlilvl0l-la. Eil!£ Via lepo TOU l;liIo TO Alana PI, evtiJ a:ra ay6A:lJoTD TaU xpaToliot alp up!' Kal -r,ov6Ala. CIIopolioc oKoucpi, evw lIaKpue; l!ITcllvoe; KaAunTe TO otiipo TOU. 01 no.nTte; KOI 01 KoAAl'l'txvEe; TOV lillvnoav Qav eUEpy"n TOU ov8pwnlvou vevoue; KOI a:rnv Ath\va. TOU eiXovolplepwotl '1'0 HcpalOTeiov.

30

El)naAivo~ (6of: Q1. II.X.)

Inoul5aloc; EAAnvaC;lInXQVlKOe; KGI apxlTi:KTovae; Tne; GPXou~m'l'ac;, KO'l'(Jvopevoe; anD TO Mtyapa. El;not n&pi Ta .lItoo TOU 60u CUWVCl n.X. 0 Hp01l0"l'oe; ovocptp& •. nlde; I(O"l'aOKtIlOOCTO .,EunaA.ivelo OPUVIIO}> om :Eopo -lIoMov neplTo 550 n.X. HTOV 1110 Qi'lpoyya jle pi'lKoe; neplnou tva l!IAlolAeTpo 1(01 6'laTOlAn 1,80 X 1,80 II. KCI1·tJ IInI(OC;Tne; onpayyae; l(aTOI1K&OOOt avldv6 Via TnlA&TaIpOpa:

TOU VtpOU OTnv no,\n.To tpyo oUT6 8&1dPEiTOI we; tva ana TO Onpav:FIKOTepa Tel!V.ll(a tpvo Tne; apxaiae; EAAtJliae;. To u1Ipa·Vldveio nou "aTCfCJK.:;uaOt o EunaAivoe; Dpli8nl(& ana TOUe; KOTOiKOU~:rn~ UIAOU TO 1882, K08apla:rnKE ana TIC; npOOl!WOEIC;, tnIO.K£una:rnKE Kal &'UTtlix8nKC 1(01 noAl n pon TouliliQToe; IA£OW ClUTOU.· To tpvo 'TOU EunaAiyou £ivai nptJYf,.!aTl a1i1080U1A00T0, "a8We;, onlde; unoa:rnpil;ouv 01 apxoloAovol,n liloTpnon TOU KOOTpOU ano TO onolo lil£pl!Onal n onpayyo KOI 0 aywyoe; aPXIOC TOUTOXp6vlde; Kal anD Tie; l5lio nAtupte; Kal tJllTtlix8nKcn ouvavrnon neptnou GTO IAtoov T(,IV liuo liIOTpi'lOCIdV. 0 aYIdYoc; &ix& Oo8oe; nepinou 4 lAc 8 lA.tTpa. To OUVOAIK6 tpyo ul5pcuone; El!EllinKOe;3 xlA10f.lupa 1(01 ClnoT£Aei"Tal ano TOV aYIdYO nou ouvliUI Tnv nnvn TaU

vepoD lAC Tn BO,pEla BouvonAoYln, Tn onpoyya nou l510nepva TO Bouvo KOI TOY aYldyonou p.tTucptpel TO YEp6 OTnv noAn.

KtnoiB10~ (30r; Q1. II.X.)

EMnvae; IAnxav.IKoe; nouKaTayoTov ano Tnv AAtliovlipcI(I. E~not ncplnou tltTOliu TOU 308 KO' TOU 246!l.X. OTnv tnoxl'! TOU nToAClAaiou S' TaU ClllAokA!poU. KOT(lYOTOV on.o cpT"ldxn . oll(oytvtla -flTOV YIOe; Koupt~ CIlla tVlve tV(le; ono TOUe; onll·aVTIKOTtpOUe; IInlJ.aVIKOiie; OTn.v IOTopia. H Kiipla epyaoio TOU acpopouQe Tie; u'l5pauAlKtc; IoInxavte; Kaine; pnxOV£e;nenleo.lAtvou otpa.AtV:£T01 OTlnTOv 0 ecp£uptTne; Tne; avTAiae;, TOU U6pClUMKOU opytlvou nov OVOlAo(eTol "'ul5pauAlc;», 'l'ldY ul5pauAlKwv poAO¥lwV Kal nOAClJlKWV IInxovwv. EmVOnQE tvo pOllTtAome; IlAtIPulipoe;. TnvulipouAil5a,nou XpnOlIAOnOln8nKt &UPUTOTO. :ETOV KaT'" 8tJAoli0 unnpxl: tvae; nA.Id'l'npae;, a ono.ioe; ovuIPldvoTav ;Ka8we; ovtBalvt n OTtl8pn TaU VtpoU. 0 nAIdTi'lpoC; QUVliCOTOV IJc tvov OOOVTldTo a!iOvo nou, l(a8We; I(IVOUvtOV npoe; TO enavld, ntpltOTpecpt tva VpOVtJ~l. AUTO .lAt Tn oelpo TOU yiipl~ tvo 1ItlKm nou tliCIl!VE opl811001; ono '1"0 1IAtl!PI TO 12. 01 KAtIPul5pee; jJ£Tpouoav TO l!j)Ovo apKtTCIl(aAo WatE V(I xpnOllionOlouv:rol VIa TOV Ka80plopO TOU XpOVIKOU 1IlaatnllaTOC; nou Iill(alOIivTav .KanOIOe; va IIIA/lotl OTO IiIKOOTilplo n aClAla ouvtA£uon, oAAo nTov unoTunwliele; CJVOKEute; IItTpnQne; TOUXpOYOU. norooo 0 .KT.noiBIDc; tcpTaO& np<llToe; atov TOno 'l'OU poAoy!ou, Ka81i1e;tloilVtl TOUe; 6ciKTi«; a:rnlJtTpnon TaU l!pOvou. 01 onJltlwOtle; TaU K:rn.oIBiou pilUov xpnoiflonoln8nKov ano TOV CIIi,w,vOTOV Bul',;avTlo 1((11 TOV Hpw\!a"

H_()(i)V 0 AAe~av6pe1X; (lor; as. II.X.)

ApXlpD.6nt:; (287~212 II.X.)

MtyGAO~ EAAnvae; \.Ia6n .... aTlKOC;, q.UO.KOe; Ka. Xnp'KOC;. rCvvn6nKt 1n.C; XUpaKOUO&e;. AVaKaAulj.le T'~ TpoxaAit<; Kell TOUe; poxAoue;. 4.aTUnwOt TOUC; VopOUC; mc; avilKAaonc; Ko. me; Iilli6Aoonc; TOU epwroC;.H apxn me; Ulip0lnOT.Kiu; avwon~ nnpE TO ovopa TOU= av Eva OT£ptO owpa .oopponno£. 1n0 uypo, Iitx&TaI p.a liuva .. n nou AtYETar avwon KO. &ivai ion .... e TO 6apoc; TOU UVpou nou £KTOnil;EI. Atve nwe; Tnv avaKaAUlj.ln OUTn mv EKav£ OTO flRavlo KO. ano Tn xapo TOU 6VnKC, OTOU~ lipopoue; YUIIVoe; epwval;oVTO~ «EUpnKa». OnlY o. PlII .... aio' noA.opKnoav TIC; :EupaKOUO&e;, 0 ApXJpnlinC; Bon6noE TOUe; oupncnplWTEC; TOU va a .... uv60uv. :EUYKEVTPWV& Tie; OKTiv&C; TOU HAlou OE KolAa KOTorrrpo, nou avoKAwpcvEC; tntepTov Ina plll .... aiKo nAoio Ka. Ta EKa.yov. ME .... cyoAouC; yovrl;oue; tmav& TO nAoio, Ta ai'KlIIvt Ij.InAa Ka. TO aepnv& va nooouv KOflpaTlol;oVTac; TO. o nAOUTapXOe; avaeptpt. nwc; TOV 6&wpouoav 6aUJ.laTOnoI0. Orav 01

Pw .... aio. 1C0TtAaBav Tnv noAn, unnpx£ £VToAn va J.lnv TOV nE.pal;£. KavEie;. 0 Apx.pnline;, anoppoepnptvoe; ano TOV &mOTI'I .... n TOU, OX&liial;E OTO xWfla VClIIpCTp.KO 01<I'I .. aTo, oTav tvcu; PWJ.laioe; InpaTII,lTnc; pnnKE enrn TOU. EvoxAnp&voc; anD Tnv nopouoia TOU, 0 Apx.pn6nc; TOU l;nTno£ va TOV aqll'io£1

. nauxo, AEyoVTa~ TOU TO m:plcpnllo «Mn .... ou TOUe; KuKAOUC; TopaTT&», TOTE 0 Pw .... oioe; TOV OKOYWOE, lilvovrac; ciliol;o TtAoc; GT'n l;wn TOU. :EW6nKav apKETa tpya TOU: "ncpi oepoipac; Ka. l'luAivllpou», ~ncpi cAiKlIIV», ",MtTpno.c; TOU KUKAOU~, «Ioopponicc; EDlntliwv".

cD:iA(J)v 0 BUZUVIlOt:; (llE:OG rov 30D Ql. II.X.)

EAAnvac; JoInXa'YIKOC; nou tl;no£ n£pi TO 250 n.X., ihalioxoc; TOU KTnolBiou InnY 'OTopio Tne; .... nxov.Kn~, TOU onoiou TO tpyo YVWp'l;E KOI .... tAtTnoc. E!;no£ 0Tn PoliO Kal Tnv AA£l;ovllpEla Ka. typo'll£ npoYJoIaTticc; Yla' 'I':nv KaTooK£un A.pt:VlllV, eppoupiwv Kal noA.opKI):TIKWV pnxavwv. :ETO tpyo TaU 60oiOTnK£ YIO TIe; pEAtTC<; TOU 0 Hpwv 0 AAel;avlipcue;. 0 CIIiAlIIv typalj.lc TO Eyxt'pllilO "MnxaYllu'I :EUvTaI;,c;», Tllnpa TOU O,..O;OU, TO 50 B.6Aio pE TiTAo "nVEUpCITIKG», ow6nK£ ono TOUe; ApaBte; KOI "&roeppcilnnK& ono TO opaBIKO OTO YOMIKO ano TO raMo oOpOYO Kapo VT£ Bo TO 1902 OTO napio •• :ETO tpyo ClUTO TOU CIIiAlIIYO n£pltxETol n OUOK&Un £.wyxou ar06pne; uypou. npOK£.TCI. VIa pia auoKEun nou anoT£A£,iTOI ono ,.110 l;uAlvn o6on pc KoiAwpo, tva ~iJAJvo KuAIVlip.KO InnplYlla, tva lioxtio Kpoai KOI olllAnvo IilappoilC;, IInAalin Via &vo KA£.aro oUGTnpa EAtyxou Tne; OTo9pnc;. H ovo6poon uAono'EiTo, fltaw TIIJV aUYKOlvWVOUVTWV i50xEiwv KO. me; ulipauAIKnc; 6aAOiliali; nou CnlTptnEI Ii OXI Tn liioi5o TOU otpo.

EAAnvoe; fl06npaTIKoe; Kel! ",nxavIKOe;. KOTOyOTOV KI aUTo~, 6nwc; 0 KmaiB.oc;, ano q>Twxn OIKOytvE.O ...,nTOY OPXIKO TClOYMapne;. EpyaCITnK.E OTnv AA£l;ilvlip&IO n6vw arle; pnxoVlKn, ulipouAIKn, y&wpnpio KO. OnTiKn.

o HplIJv KClTOaK&Uaa£ fila KolAn oepaipa anD mv onoia npo&l;tixc!V auo

owAlivc.c; K£KOpptvO' npoc; oVTi6£TEC; Kan:u6uvoCIe;. OTOV tBpol;& vcpo ptoa Inn oepaipo, 0 OTPOC; i5ltq.£uy& ono TOUe; owAilY£~ Kal E~OITiCle; TOU VOfiOU mc; lipaotllle; KOI aVTllipao&wc;, onl.llC; Tnv ovopfll;oupc onptpo, n oqloipo apXJ(E va n£pIOTptq>tTOI pc "cYGAn ToxuTnTo. H on .... EplVn Atyopcvn TcxynTn 6poxn Y'O TO nOTlopo TOU YKol;oy AClTouPyti ,PE TOV ililo aKplBwe; Tpono, .. ovo nou xpnOll'onolEi Tn liuvopn TOU VEPOU ClVTi v,a TOV cnpo. 0 Hpwv ElXt KOTaaKcuoo£1 oua.oOT.Ko pia oTpopnxavn, CKOTOvroli&C; xpov.o nplv ono Tn yVWGTn avoKaAUljln Tnc;. nOTOOO n oVOKciAulj.ln TOO. lieY CiXE KO'VWYIKtC; &mnTwoc.c;, KaeWe; 01 IOTOPIKt~ OUVenK&~ licv EnhpCIjlOv Tny EKP&ToM£uon Tn~. Elval WlnOOO

OKOpn tva liciypo TI.IIV IiUVOTOTlUlIIV Tnc; EAAnvIKnc; EmOTnpne;, n anoia

opWC; ncp.opiarnKE ono m pWllaiKn KOTO:KTnon KOI TIC; ovvtn£.tc; Tm;. MCp.KO ono TO tpvo TOU Hpwvo £iva.: «rCC<lI'&TpOUpcva», "EloOYlllyoi TWV arEptop&Tpauptvwv". "ns.pl is.Ol1Tpoe;,, • "MnxovIKo" KOI (,METpIKn" •

31

To MEfAAO EPfO

1. To uopoywytfo nou KIITIIIJKEUOOC a I.II1XavIKd<; EUllo}.fvo., OlIJ Iallo IJE tva ond TO EUpUTEPO (JIIlJtllI rll<; lilooPOIlI]<; TaU. 2. ITO npWTO I.ItTPO, PETI1'TfJV Ka8olio ond TIJV ntTp'VI) IJKoAo, TO

OPUYIJO ElVOI OlEVd KOI OlaoloKo lilEUPUVETOI (3)

32

Tou HERMANN J. KIENAST

apXU1oA6you, reppavtK6 ApXcnOAOYIl<6 lVOTIT06to

vnooc 'EUpo~ .BpioK8tal ow avaWAlKO Aryuio KOvtc Otl~ aK{e~ m~ M. Aoio~. Mnzi pe n~ nOM:l~ MiAmo Kal Erp£Oo onotesoev toy rropnvo m~ Iovias, neploxnS nepiqmpn~ yla toy nOAluop6 m~ xoro tnv opxrnotmo. 0 erronocpoc ms vnoou ooYK8Vlpcil8nx.e am NA, onou yup<v.ano evov \pUOlKO i\lpeva avamUX8nK8 n nporeoouoo. Xnpn om ye<vyporplKil 8ton KUl OlOUS lKOVOUS vauilKoD~ tns n EOpOb enQl~e nvenzo POAO KQ1 erp800e am arroyno lllb oKpilS tub Kara lOY 60 Olwva n.X. I'm va EVvonooeue mv KE<pMolwBn onpaoia ln~, eivm upK81il jnc avO<popu otov Hpoooto, rrou llepIYPClIpel pe peyoAo 8aupaopo nw~ OllliplOl cixov Kowp8ci>on va KmaOK8UaOODV tn tpio peyoAuu:PQ tpya 0- AoKAnpnb mb EAM6a~: jnn oilpayyo. (opuypa) Ylo. mv oopeuon illS n6I\n~, pm npoBAilm ym rnv npooruoio tou }uptvOb)'{Ol [Q vuo m~ Hpas, Orpl€p<vpevov amy KDplolepn aeomec ms vnoou

o Hpoootog ovoq>epel Kala npetov tn onpayya, mv nq)lYParpEl ev ocvtopic O\JlmAnpciJvovrab tnv ova\p0PQ pe to ovopn tou KatCloKeooou'l, IOU npxitexrovc-pnxovurou ElluaAivou, YlOU IOU Naump6qxl'l) tou Meyapecus. Xwpi!; til OUYKEK,Plp8vn avorpopa -lIOU npuypau eivoi n POV05lKil nne mv npxaicrnto- to opuypa oiyoupa 80 rrapepeve 0.vvooro. To eE,WlePIKa ixvn anaAeirp8nx.ov Aiyo opyon::pa oqJ' 6IOU otopctnoe n Aen:oupyia IOU, KOl n ovozntnon IOU xcm IOU!; ve6tepOUb Xp6VOD~ 0- <peiAEtOl QKpIBw~ a' aotn tnv avarpopo IOU Hp056- roo. To 6puypa evromotmsc £eAlKWb to 190 cnevo KOl 01 npoouo8eles Yla enaVOl\elloupyio ton, to 1882, en8qlepav rnv anoKciAmvn too KQl tnv npci>m emompovum EKtipnon. To ElmaAivno D5pay<vyeio -lOloutpWS to KaEl' omo 6puypa- ypnyopa evrve YVUlotO Kill 06ilynoe otn 61mun<von onoeeoewv OXeUKa pe 1:0 oxe61aopo lOU onwb KUl o.i\6KAl1- Pil\; fib EYKmamOOnb·

Om6oo, 6AEI; 01 npoon6.8u£\; epllnveios nnoroyxavav, 600 Bev ntsv l3uvoui. n ef,tmon IDS onpayyos at: 6AO 10 llilKOS ms. Htuv np<VlOBouXio too GllAq> I'iavtoev, tote 6u;u8uvl:11 lOU repllovlKOU ApxQ10AoYlKou Ivoutoctou A8nvciJv, 0 onoioc ovoyvciJploe tn onpooin 10u pvnpeioo K01 rpp6vnoE Yla mv anoKo.AuljJ:ll IOU. Me npwLOrpavou!: mXDmW\; PU8PODS epyoolwV n €YKmamaon anoKMD<p8nKe KQ(O to em 1971-73 Iml xoteotn npoonn otnv epsovn, H texjmpioon KOl onoronoon roo pvnpeiou BU1pKeoe pexpi tn 6€KOnia tau '80, evw n at;lO-

MynOl1 too xpemotnxe oxopn plO 5E:KQ£tia -pexp; n 8Ktipnon LOU ouv0AlKOU epyou va 0)\oKAnp<v8ci KOl va Kmoorei 5uvatiJ n 5npooieuOIl InS.

Orrec KUl oe UAAeS n6An!: Kma lOY 60 movn n.X., elm KQ1 n u5po56Inon m~ I:apou xoreorn xonoic cnvun overropK~ Y10. us avaYK£~ too QDf,av6pevou rrAn8uopou. Op<v!:, n povaBlKn rrnyn -6uVaj,llKOu rrepirtoo 400 'Ku8. vepou ova npeponOD 80 prropocoe Vfl emAuoel to np6BAnpa BPIOK6!QV 6X1 uovov Ef,W orro !Q oXupUlpauKu reixn, MAo. Kill moo an6 tn poxn too BOl)vou, nco DlVciJ· verm om B6pC1O me n6Ans. To vepo iuav l3uvmov va <p8aoEl otnv u6An uovovxotc auo wonoDS: pe

eYKnrQmUoeJ.~ nOD tin: ao napeKoprrrov to fiODVO eire -KOLU IOV [pono 110U emreoxenxe- 5lQm::pvwvl:a~ to. To cpyo wpEUon~ UOU KmaOKS1)OotnK£ exei pilKo\: rreotnoo 3 xJ\p. Kal XoopiZEIal oe tpin lllil.pma; lOY Cf'{_(i)yo, QIIO mv nnyil. llEXPl U1 SapelO fiODVOTI)..UYIO, tn QiJ.puyya nOD 6mTI8pVU to Boovo, xoi tOY oYWYo nou pnQ(IlEpCl 1:0 vepo otnv no;\n, om vonc rrAaylO rou Bowoil.

H nnyil. OVafi'\ilZ81 KOVl:U 010 OTIPEP1VO XWPIO A YI05E~. 0 D5clLlVO~ OyKOb oDi\Aeyomv OE l.l1U yepo xnopevn oeE;up£vD. Kl cno exei 51OXeteuOmv otov oyooyo. H Y.P0llJlD. xapatl1~ too uywyou OKOAouaei ym 800 p. n~ l)lJfOPEtPlKt!; Kap_nUAe\;. I'm

to onoxomo 150 p. ptXPI m BOl)VOrrAaYlu xpeioomxe va KUIaoKEuooIei DrrayelO~ ayCJ)yo~ KUrw crro Eva .\mpiOKO. rIa to oxono nuto chavoix8mm.v TtO· oepu !ppeOllu -to peyai\.in:epo BCt801)~ 19 p.- La onoia Ol)vEit8nKov pewsu lOD~ onoyclws oro emfrounto EIIirre60.

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33

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34

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36

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I'ic rnv opxusatovixn IOU ITuPYOD 5ev exei Bpe- 8ei oe oAoKAnpn rnv eAAnvmn iotopio xouio nepirrtoon npo\; oUYKplOn. BEfiaiw!;, n ernxovn evoc OKWYWVOl.J npoxemevoo vn ovnnopootofioov Ol 0- Krw KUlw8uvOel!; lOU uvepou -(0 oxnpo EVO!; rrpi- 01lUW!;- 8DpizE1 otnv ouornpotnrn In!; pQ}.Aov ll!; uivurmoxec IIupapioE!;, OPW!; otnv EAMl3a eivci )lOvUI31KO. KOl npOKUm€l (Q epwm)la, u oxeptotov omv npxn lWV epyacllwv IOu 0 OPXlIEKtWV: to 16aVlKO ousooopnpc n tn AelIOupYlKomm nOD enpsne va exei n xorooxeun, onAa6n mv nopouoinon lWV OKtcil uve)l(tlV )le 000 to 5uVOTOV evromcoioxotepo tpono; Koru t' aAAa 0 II0pyo!; oev qJaiverUl va nAnp000c xovevov Oll.AO oxono napa sxeivov evo!; srnonpou wpoAoyiou, tva uvnpeio xuopevo npoc Iepqflv tov o!p8oll.pwv lWV nOAHWV KUl npoc evn)lepu)011 toll!; ym to emteovpmc l:WV qnxnxev EIIlotnpov KUl-YlUIi OXl- YIU va touc Ka810ta unepnqJavOU!; W!:; noAircs lWV A8nvcilv.

To znmpn, sov eva nnpopoio olK05011npu UVE-

13. KOTOi.IJlJ TaU 8oAou OTTO TOUt; ililOut;. 14. TOIlr] TOU IIVIJIIElOU

/lev yvoopil;ouJ,JE OV J,JE to J,JnxavIO'J,Jo KUIOJ,JEtPIOUVTOV 01 cilPE<; rnc nuepcc. KaTC rnv opxoio ncpcooon. J.lE OIOCPOPETIKrt OlapKEIO

yep8nKl:: uno to onuo, eivci uno up(plOBnmon' paAAov npenei va un08eoou)l€ mv unapSn KUIIOlOU xopnvou, rou onoiou to ovapa nopouevei vexp1 ol1ypn!; ayvWOto. E' uotnv mv rrepirrtoon npenei va urr08eooupe xoi tnv unupSn KOllOla!; ava8npnUKl1!; emypo<pns nOD pciAi\.ov 80 ntov tOII08Empevn om OlpoyyuAn €IIEKWOn IOU ITupyou, a!pou exei 5ev 8a 51mopuooe tn oopperpio u}.Au KUl eneion n vonu nAeUpa -otpoppevn npo!; tov llEPlqJEPElUK6 tnc AKpOnoAew!; 5UKtuAlO- onocexoooe KUl tnv Kupm nAeupo lOD llupyou. To OlKO/36jll1)lU -oop!pwvu pe tnv uvu<popo roo Bnpoomoo Ka.l Kupiw!; too Buppwvo!;- npenei va xuomxe UPlV uno to 37 Il.X. 0 KAu50!; IWV E16lKWV exei 01lYKAiVCl pexpl uopu oe jnc xpovoAoyia noi\.u xovnvn otnv QVWTE;po, Wn08E:lcilvtQS tnv QVeyepcm IOU Ilepvoo om peoo lOU lou QIWVa rr.X. OOtoOO mfmvotspo qJaivetci 0 ITupyoS vc uv£yep8nKe KUla 1:0 20 OlWVU n.X, erroxn noM IIlO rrpoooopn ym nopopoin teXV!KO <<IIE:1.papOW» orr' o.u 01 apxt!; m~ PWl1QIKn!; AUIOK.pOIopiab·

Me(('l!ppoon: O'\yo. KOA10mOll •

43

ANAKATALKEYEL

4 .. Muoycvton:PIl OnC1KoviOll TIl~ KOTOorpO<P~~ TaU oroAou allli TO K(IT omp a TO U ApXII'~lill.

5. rKpopolipo ano CI KOVOYP D.<p 11 01] PIPAiou TaU Kircher "H I'cyaAI) TtXVI] TOU <PWT(j~KaJ TI]~ oKui~». 1:.j P<P eve 11& Tllv On&IKDVIOI), o ApXIII~61l~ 6It8&T& nopOpOAIKD.

K nrnnr po nou corfo~ov TI~ IlA 10 Kt~ a KTf v&~ novworo PWl'o'iKll nAoio

tmmoe tn zon IOU ps neipopmn KOl aVOKmOOKeut!; opyQvwv [00 peynAoD pnxovixou To anon:Mopntn lWV epeuvwv KUl aVaKaWOK€UWv tou I. EaKa ant6Elf,av OU oAa 000. eixov ypacpEi yLU U!; jmxovIKt!; KmaOKEut!; too Apxipnon, noo eixov anoxtnoei pia l1u8lKn XPOlO:, muv anOlEA£ol1ma nELpopnncv rroo oonvnoav otnv uAonoinan xrn xpnon IOU!;. Kupiw\; OE (pia orro aura eonootnse n epeuvo roo I. EOlm: oro arpornAeB6Ao, ow v6pav.A1K6 POA.61 Kal ow epnpnauxn xatontpa.

To oq:LomAcB6AO

rLU to al]loInAeBoAO (n mponupoBOAO) OJ povcBIKt\; lOwPlKt\; paplllpiq; nOD tXODllE nooepxovtm ana 10V IWAO nomtn ilIpoYKiOKO IIerj)lipxn (1304- 1374), noo pIAU YI' aUID ora epvo lOU De remediis utriusque tortunee KOl lOY nspiqmpo pnxnvixo KOl zwypa(_lJO Aeovapvto vtu Bivtci (1452-1519) nOD eixe mfxrvotrnn am BrBAlo8nKn IOU GXeUKO xeipovpuqio tou Apxipnon. 0 Ntn Bivtoi npoxwpnoe ow Oxe5LUOpo WU opyuvoo, aAAo. OXI otnv xorcoxeon IOU UlpomAe86Aou, to onoto ovopnoe «ooxnpovrto» npo\; tipnv IOU ApxlpnBll. Mo\; nopt6woe tpel\; orreixovioeic IOIJ opyovou nove OU\; orroicc otnpixfmxe 0 1. EaKo\; ylU tnv ovoxcrnoxeon 1OU. To mpomAe8oAo too I. L:OKo. ntov poVIEAO oe avaAoyia 1/5 KUl mI\; 12 Mciou 1981 tYIvs 5npoolU enioert,n KOru tnv anoia nonvputorrotndnsov BOA€!; nOD Ecpwoav DE: pnKO\; rn 50 psrpo, To m:ipopa auBe xopn OE OKaAumn rreproxn ora Avw BplAnoCHa Tn!; AUIKn\; napouoia nOAAoov u-

H BIBfhovpo<pia VIC tOV ApXII.nion eivCl anepOVtn KOI maOVO'tOtO n J,JEyarhhepn nou UnapXEI VIC eVOKOI J,JOVO erucrnuovc

46

vnnoooonov rou eA.AllV1.KOU xni stvou TDTIOD. Eva\; ono aurau\;, 0 I1et~ MQKpn~, OE Keipev6 ton otnv Eqmpepiou «EAeu8epotunia)), tn~ 15n\; Moioo 1981, PEraSD o.AAWv tyypal,[lE: KUl to. esn\;:

«H noi\q.llKrl pnxcrvn IOU EOKQ eivoi zcto nevte <[lope\; jnxpoteon orro exetvn too Apxipnon KUl eival KO!OOKeuaop.tvn pe to i610 I)AIKo. nOD xpnotporromoe 0 peyaMrepo\; pnxavixoc tnc apxuia\; EAAu6o\; KOl iow\; IOU K6D1l0D, psxpr onpepu. t.nAoon onotsssnm nrro £,ui\rvn KQVVn, MBma vepOD, XQAKIVO KDAIv6po KGl OI,[lUlPIKO BAnpma ... 0 EAAnVa\; pnXaVlKO\; ovorpe qJwnu PE j=,epoKi\aBa Kurw cno 10 M:Bma IOU mAeBoAou. MaO. orro tva yepo zeotouc IOU xozovioe yeplOe ono epnp6~ tnv xovvn IOU InAeBOAOU pe toiuevnvn oqxnpnsn pnoAa, ow peye8o\; pno.Ao\; IOU l8Vl\;. I'io vn onplODp,

yn8ei nieon OpKE:rWV alpoo\polPWV --Q\.111\pwva nd.· VlOIE pe 10 oxeoio IOU Apxlpn5n- 0 K. EOKa\; E> prr6510E tnv ef,050 ll1£ orpaipa~ PE PLKPO j=,DAlVO 50KUpl. MOAI!; n ernqxrvem IOU MBmo. 8eppav8nxe OtoU!; 400 Bo8pou\; KeAoiou, 0 K_ L:aK6~ tplse 0' EVo ],lLKPO oWAnvo. IOU mAeB6AoU povo 6 ypappnpm vepoo nOD 8Y1\18 ora 10 6EutepOAEIIta orpoc, 0 orroioc pe xeipoxivnrn BaABi5a 51OxereD8nKe otnv KOvvn. H meon notn IOU atPOD ntov opxstn yLU va onccei 10 50KOPl non tcppoze tnv tf,050 W\; KOvVn\; Kill va nelusEl mv pno.Aa oe orrootcon 50 p.etpwV)). To uBPOUAlKO pOAOl

I'm 10 uBpaDAlKo POAOllOU ApxlpilBn Po.\; rrxnpoipopoov rpelS opxoiec nnYES: 0 BnpouBIQb (1os n.X. 01.), 0 IIannal; 0' AAef,aV5pIVO\; (30\; p.X. 0.1.) KUl eva upufmco OxOAIO rroAD petnyevcotepo, BeuIEpEUOUOn!; onpuoinc, L:m veotepn enoxn rrpww\; 0 Bapovo[; Kaj)li vte Bo (Carra de Vatu) to 1981 avtcpEpe on ormpxe tva Opa.i3lKO xelp6ypaq>o pc rreplypal,[lil evo\; U5paUAlKOU POAOYIO-U nco ano5i5e" TOl OlOV ApxlI.u'l5n. Ilpoxenrn ylO 'CO xelpoypal,[lo «Kitab Arshimidas ft' amal al binkarnat» (<<To B1.6J..io IOU ApXlpnBn yla tnv xotooxeon nov D-- 6PUUA1KQV pOAOYIGlV))). Eta 1918 01 E. Bivteuuv

(E. Wiedemann) Kal cD. Xnoozep (F. Hauser) onpooieeoov jno veppovixn peIQr,ppaon too epyou 0.no to. opa.BlKa, xpnrnponoiovtoc OUO xeJp6ypaqla, ana to Ilcpioi KUl to Aovoivo, ouv eva nrroormopn uno tnv Osr,p6pon. Tn veppovncn petorppuon xpnoiponoinoe 0 EuOyy. Eropotn\: KUl pelelpPOOe to Keipevo lOU Apxlpnon ow eAAnVIKa, evooporovovta!; LO oro.Azrovm rou APXlpiJ.f5n. Tovizovrcc tn lleyoAn asia LOU EPYOlJ norou onpeicvei:

«Ala npotnv 1p0POV n£pIAap.BaVeIOl n npoypateic cotn £1£ eKBoOlv tpywv IOU APXlPiJ.oOU\::. EK ru\: onouoI1\: IOU veppovuco» KE:1PEVOU TIE18011E:8a ou n llE:IUlppaOlf: IWV Apo.Bwv oev eivor n OKpilin£ OnOOOOlf: IOU Apxijmoeiou KE:IllEVOU oUln£. !I18avov KOl 01 Apa.BE:f: lleralppaomi va naptAa.Bov 10 xeiuevov me eAlutVlKn!; npaYllmeiof: E:I!: tnv yAwa· oav IOU BUZOVliou tn!; erroxnc exeivnc, To wpoA6- YIOV IOU Apxipnooix oev E:iVOl tunoc KAE:lIrOOpa!;, OAAa pnxoviopoc wpoAoyiou, onoo ani IOU onpePIVOD e;\mnpiou xpnoruonoieitci pon ooaw!;. Aev E:iVOl vvootov av ormpxev opxoiotecov ouvaq>E\: ootopotov pnxovnpn zui 8£UJpoup£v noM mdovov on to norcpcto pnxovnputn IOU HfXJ)vO!; (lOf: p.X, OlWVa!;) KOl IQ uotopcto pnxrrvnpnm tov OVOKt6-

pWV LOU Buzcvtioo exoov InV npxnv IWV el\: (Q nOPOUAlKOV UJPOMylOV IOU Apxrpnooo;».

MtoUJ ODIn!; In!: OUYKAovlOuKn\: epyaoio!:; yvwpizoupe onpepo on 0 peyuAO!; EUPOKODOIO!; eixe ypa.W£l npcvpnteic YIO xorroio UOPOUAIKO POAOl, In!; onoinc yvwpizoupe povo lOV opa.BlK6 rirAo, «QpoA6YIOV». !Ip6K£UOl, OVO),lqllO.BnInta, YIO povoBma VlOKOU),lEVto, noo ep.rrAomizE:l tnv eAAnVl~ icn 8lBJuoYPoqlia QXeUKa 11£ II!; Buvm6tnt£f: mb uBpouAlKn!:; pnXaVlKnf: tnv erroxn exeivn. H npnvporeio ovaq>Epcrol atl\: apa.Bu<E\: Bl.BAlOypor,pie\; 0- no lOY Ip.nv Ioxnx aA Nnvtip (Ibn Ishaq al Nadirn) (neS. 995) pe lOY drAO ccI;uYYPoqln nepi IOU opyavoD !IJ.)V wpwv, IO onoiov pirrtei orpo1pi51W) KOl otnv Iotopia [Wv i\.oyiwv (Ta' rich al Huqarna), ana tov Ip.nv aA Kiqm (Ibn al- Qifti) (rieS. 1248) 1-'8 toy IilAO «I;uyypoq>n nepi tov wpwv IUJV opyavwv 10 onoio pimouv oq>mpiolQ». Emnpoodetu, 0 Al!.. AKcp6.Vl (AI-Akfani) (nte. 1348), ow tpyo IOU «Opon Kote08uvOl!:; {CU E:mOlWKOVtD!:; rrpo~ W Dwn lWV E:TIlOIWKO),leVWv», OiV£1 ejnpuon omv oj;ia m!:; yvwonf: tau Apxl)lnon YIO to. poMYIO, AeyoVIo!:; on: ((H ouyypoq>n lOU Apxlpnoou!:; IlOPExE:lIO urro8a8pov 510. mv YVWOlv aU!wV>i. AKO- .,

T pw; rpaOtl!; OTTO TO TTd po 110 TTUPTTOAI]OIJ!; PUJIl°'iKOU OKDrpOUIi (OlloiwIlO)

IlC TO CIlTTplJOTIKD KDTOTTTPO: 01 tKTTOIlitull£VOI VUllTt!; &TOIIlD~OUV TO KDTOTTTPO (6). EOTIOOIIO!; TWV I]AIOKWV OKTfvwv TTDvw 010 OIiOIWIIO, 0& OTTOOTaOI') 55 II. (7). AVDrpAC~1J KOI KOUOI\ TOU OIlOIWIlIlTO!; at Tpio A&TTTQ (8)

47

ANAKATALKEYEI

9. H q:ujlll) TOU APXIIltiol) Wt; or POTI WTI K tit; IOlOqlliiat; tivOi OPUAIKIj.OI oUYXPOVOI tAcyov OTI 0 APXllltjol)t; cmvol)oc ycpovout; nou «OtjKWVOV» TO CXBPIKO nAoio ono

TO vcpo, OTI O){coiooc 1000Upout; KOTontATtt; KOI on XPI)OIJlonoil)oc KliTompo ylO va nupnoAtjoclTO PWIIOIKO (JloAo IlC TO I)AIOKO CPWt;

pn nperrei vn npooteeei on 1000 0 All. I'KazaPl (Al-Gazari), onwl_; crrionc xrn 0 PiVT.6uv (Ridwan) -onox 5nAwvouv xrn 01 iOlOl- yvopizov to tpyo auto IOU ApXIJlilon KQl to xpnciporroinoov omv KU[QOKeUn IWV OlKWV touc POAOYIWV.

AlleOwl_; uem III onJlooieuon IOU epyou am eAlnvlKo 0 I. EaKo!; 0PXlOC va lleAeIO ernotopevoc £0 unxoviopo, va KOV£16Io<popa oxeoio KOl rreipnpo- 1l0JlOUI_;, novtn « ... ue to rrveupn KOl tI£ yV(~oel\: ton Apxipnon», onw!: 6illwoc oe oxenxo xeipevo lOU, KOl lOUW erreicn -KOHl tnv onolJ/il 101)-- 01 UpaBIKe!: nnYE:1_; Bev tOlVOV ooqrn otoixein ym to opyovo,

Te'\u<'Q, erreito ana apKElU XpOVlU pei\tm!: KOl neipoponopov, 0 I. EaKOI_; ovnxoivcoe OlOV Torro tnv KUWOKeUll IOU POAOYIOU KOl to yeyovo\: eYIV£ euPUlUW YVWCHO. J.:e oxenxo OAlYOOtAIOO tVt1)IlO rrou poipuoc oVO(jmplKu ue Tn onllooievon too epyov IOV, ro EcmellBpIo IOU 1991, onpeuovei on «1O POAOI KOlOoK£lJOoa 11£ UAIKU npoxeipu KOl naAOlu.

To rno nonuuu(nTnJ.lEVO eniTEuYIJO TOU ApxlJ.lnon EivOI TO nnlOKci KciTOnTpO, j.lE TO onoio KOTEKOUUE TO nnoio TWV PWJ.loiwv

11. To OTIIOTI)A&poAo TOU ApXllltji'i1) at OVOKOTOOKtUti TaU I. lOKO. AnM UAIKO KOI cucputjC; ouAAlllJll]

48

aAAO (Q KOlaoKeooopu pou E:XEl rnoovotntu va o- 110lUZEl A£noupY1KW!: pe exeivo too APXIpiloou!:, crmon o<p' evo£ lTepl8KOIpa TIl_; Kmu tn yvwJln pou Bon8mlKE:£ A£uoupyi£ I_; , EKEivE:!: rroo 80 npooere- 8noav xoro mv £navoAmpil IOU, oro nepoopo IWV OlWVWV, cno IOUI_; Bozovuvooc, toul_; IItpoe!; KOl IOU!: ApaBE£, Q(fl' ctepoo OlOpop!pUloa 010 IeIOlO !POno (Q cvotperropavo ooxeio IWV Bon8nnK(~V '\nWUPYIWV, 11£ tn BonBelO tnc BeUlpia\; IOU KE:VlPOU Bopou!: KOI IWV l10XAWV tou APXI11.n6ou!; KOl aA· AnAoouVE:O£oa II!; Bon8nnKE:£ A£llOupyie!; E:tO! W· OIC va E:j;ao!paA108ei 0 WUIOXPOVI0110!: IUlV xui vn BCAowBd n o,\n ,\cuovpyio too PO'\OYIOU».

To eprrpnonsn KutOrnpa tou ApXlpilon

Avap(jli8oAa to 010 nOAuOvZntnl1evo ernteoypo IOU Apxiunon, noro rroo nepcoe om xwpa IOU p6- Bou KUI t,uvuYlVe rrpovpouxorntc 11£ TO neipcpato IOU Ioovvn EQKu, eivoi n xorooxeon tov nluoKwv xntornpov, pe to ortoio oUYKevlpwvoVlO£ KOI eOIlUZOVW£ Il£ nAlOKe!: oxtivsc KUIEKOVOC rn nAoia IWV Popnuov nou nOA!OpKOuoav Il£ ~vpaKo60e!;, E:£ ou KOl n ovopcoio tau!: «e11IIpnOLlKu xotorrtpn». rIO 10 Bepa noto exw a<plepwoel reoospn Kf:<pOAOla ow tpyo uou vio LOV Apxipnon, OAAO c5w eVleAW!: oovormxd £IIlXUpW pm evnpepeon too avaYVWOIn ow lOWPlKO omoo IoU KawpBwpow!;.

To lompiRa rll!,,' urra8Eaflf; wvcizecm Km erroreAei ptpO!; In!; srnotnunc lIOU O! cpxaioi EAAnve£

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Avu11wa OE cote oVMeI IO OIIOAeoBtv ouyypa11' po IOU Apxipnfsn KawmpIKCI, lIOU ovorpepoov 01 OAllpIllOOw.()O!:;, Well~, 9f:ulv KOl Arr(mAiu~, 01 onoioi ncprvprupcov tnv rrcpnoxnon IWV pwpolKwv nxouov ana lOY Apxipnon. AKOPl1 {PEI£ upxoioi 1- otopixoi nepiyprupoov pe A£mopepele!; tnv noxiopxin IWV Eupo.KOUOWV KOlU to 212 n.X .. ana IOU!: PUlpoioix, KOl to leXVlKQ ernvonpnro lOD ApXlpn6n nOD Boti.Bnoov om opaoUKn opuva In£ nmpi6a£ IOU. IIPOK£IWI Yla touc IToAuBIO (Iotopiat), IL\.ODlOpXO (Bioi IIapaAAnAol, MdpKEAAor;) KO) AiBlO Tito (Iotopia ano xtioeox; ttu; P6Jpl1r;). ITpo!puvw!: om oiopxem ami'l!: In!: nOAlOpKia!; EIIlV6noE: 0 APXI' pilBn!; 10 aqlOtnAeBoAo KOl IOU\; tepoonoo; xatcnUre!: rrou lOY XPEWVOUV, anw\: oxoun IOD!: tepcouOD!; yepavou£ noo netoooov peyuAe!: nE:lpC!; OIl£ OOl1BUK£!: IWV PwpaiUlv KOl HI; BouAIozav n U!; opnuye!: IOU, nou Ol:Il{UlVaV TO pwpalliu nxoic OWV atpa KOJ W Ol€i\uov OlO Bpoxm. KOl ernnpoooeto OE oAa QUlU xpnoiponoinoe to epnpnonso xororrtpu,

Ano 10 212 rt.X.; nou 11£ 00'\0 xcroxtndnxov 01 hUPOKOUO£(; KOt oKOIw8nKC 0 ApXlpilon\:, E:w!: 10 1973 rrot} 0 I. EaKdr;: lOlIaveA.aBc ro rrcipap.a ffiS- Kavon!: IOU proprnxou mOAoU, 10 yeyovo£ eixe AuBEl

l.m8oAOYIKI1 XpOlU KOi tvor; 11E:YUAOr; opl8por; ernornpovov KOl lOIOPIKWV sixe oIXoorti em OlWVe!; rmipvovrcg 8Eon 8tUKn n opvnnxn. Eta 1200 n.X. a Iwllvvnr; ZUlvap(:t~ ovtq>epe on 0 npoK.\O!:; LuaBoxO!:; TOV 50 p.X. niovo, xpnOlpOIIOlWVWr; m iBm pt8000 KOlEKOUOE: W 016AO lWV Bop.Bnpwv nOD nolu6pKnoav tnv KWVotClVtlVOt)IlOAn. eetlKiJ. orroipn cnevovn ow yeyovor; eixe '\li.Bel KOl 0 POyD..P<x.; BGKwv (Roger Bakon) ora 1250 KQl 0 Mnot.XpOv (Buffon) 010 1747.

I to 01.0 Bepa e~nnZetal orro to ~96. 6. 0 L EoKOI; pE: to npoxc epyootnpicxc nerpopcto

tou QVaq>0pIKu J..lE lOUr; 51CHpOpODr; qlOKour; nou eixe mduvororo xpnoiponomoei 0 ApXlpnOn!;. Asizel va onpelw8ei all 0 1. EaKnr; nOTE DEV Opq>tBoAAE: ym tnv O)I.I18el0 IOU YE:yovowr; Illr; KO\)Oe«)£ TWV PWpOl.KWV nxoiov. EE jnn npotn onpooieuoil too ow 8ep.o onpeiover «0 ApxlpiJ.onr; n5uvaw va KCltaKOUOn to nxoio IOU OlOAOU HO)V PWllaiwv, ocvxevtpov mv nxioxnv aKllvoBoi\iav en' concv P80W KUAlVOPlKWV eire emneowv KGIOIItpWV. Kuru nooc meovotmo, opwr;, expnoiponoinoev errineou xmompo, ypapp.lKwv 510oHloewv rrepi to uetpov U xoto 11 peyoAulcPWV uotou, 81£ ooomprnu OUYKEvtp<i:>oewr; es 100 KOl nxcov xntorrtpov. EKOOIQV ccompc noovoro va xpnoiponomen elr; onaoar; tar; orrootooeic ana (Or;

nxnoiov pexpi TWV 100 p. an' auroup>.

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49

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Lvv'to~a ... o170~ T6!lO~ ore XEQta aa~

ITl1v A8riva ano 11 MapTiou Kal O'Tl1v Enapxia aDO 17 MapTiou