TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

PURWANCHAL CAMPUS, DHARAN

PROJECT PROPOSAL ON

DESIGN, FABRICATION AND TESTING OF POWER GENERATING

SYSTEM THROUGH BUSY ROAD

BY
Aashish Giri (072-BME-01)

Ankit Bhattarai (072-BME04)

Babin Dangal (072-BME-09)

Shusam Bhujel (072-BME-35)

Subash Pradhan (072-BME-39)

FOR
PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
DEGREE OF BACHELOR IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED TO
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Purwanchal Campus, Dharan

JANUARY, 2019
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly, we are highly greatful to Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of

Engineering for providing us the opportunity to conduct this project, which we have
anticipated will guide us to have a career in this field.

We also want to convay our deepest gratitude to Associate Professor Er. Anu Shrestha (HOD,
Department of Mechanical Engineering) and to Associate Professor Er.Bharosh
Yadav(Deputy HOD, Department of Mechanical Engineering) for their continuous
encouragement and guidance.

We are highly obliged to Er. Manoj Guragain, Er. Sujan Dahal, Er. Keshab Acharya , Er.Lal
Babu Prasad, Er.Aditya Bimal, for giving us eminent ideas for the project and helping to
accomplish our proposal.

We would also like to acknowledge all our seniors and friends who helped us directly or
indirectly in writing our proposal.
ABSTRACT
The project proposal entitled “Design, Fabrication and Testing of Power Generating System
through Busy Road” is all about harnessing electric power from the kinetic energy of the
moving vehicles which is being wasted on the roads. The energy, which is being converted to
useless heat by the obstructing friction at the speed breakers and bumps, can be used to turn a
generator beneath the road surface to generate electric power.

Generating electricity from moving vehicles along a road, by installing a system of

mechanical and electronic components beneath the road level with a parabolic metal sheet a
top of the system, converting the linear reciprocating motion of the tie rod to rotational
motion of high gear enabling rotation of generator shaft in both the directions. A low gear is
used to increase the speed of rotation and thereby increase the rotations of generator ensuring
a relatively stable energy generation.

This proposal explains clearly, the working principle of the designed system, its construction,
implementation, advantages, cost and drawbacks. Design of each component has been carried
out using standard procedures, and a similar prototype of the system has been modeled using
CATIA software.
 TABLE OF CONTENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...................................................................................................I

ABSTRCT...........................................................................................................................II

LIST OF ABBREVATIONS.............................................................................................III

LIST OF TABLES..............................................................................................................IV

LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................................V

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................1

1.1. BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................... 1

1.2.SCOPE OF PROJECT .............................................................................................. 1

1.3. OBJECTIVE ............................................................................................................ 2

1.3.1. General objectives ............................................................................................. 2

1.3.2. Specific objectives ............................................................................................ 2

1.4.ADVANTAGES ....................................................................................................... 2

1.5. DISADVANTAGES ................................................................................................ 2

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.............................................................................3

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY.......................................................................................4

3.1.STEPS FALLOWED ............................................................................................... 4

3.1.1 General Study .................................................................................................. 4

3.1.2 Design ............................................................................................................. 4

3.1.3 Fabrication……………………………………………………….....................5

3.1.4 Prototype Testing……………………………………………….......................5

3.2 FLOWCHART……………………………………………………….......................6

3.3 WORKING PRINCIPLE…………………………………………….......................7

3.4 COST ESTIMATIO...................................................................................................7

3.5 TIME EVLUATION.................................................................................................8

CHAPTER 4: EXPECTED OUTCOMES..... …................................................................. 9

CHAPTER 5: REFERENCE…………………………....................................................10
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AADT :- Annual Average Daily Traffic

DOR:SSRN :- Department of Road: Statistics of Strategic Road network

DC :- Direct Current

HOD :- Head of Department

IIT :- Indian Institute of Technology

PCU :- Passenger Car Unit

PMDC :- Permanent Magnet Direct Current

SAE :- Society of Automated Engineers

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1: Component and Material Suggested.................................................................. 4

Table 3.4: Cost Estimation..................................................................................................... 7

 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3.1: Prototype..................................................................................................................5

Figure 3.2: Workfolw Sequence................................................................................................6

Figure 3.5: Gantt Chart...............................................................................................................8

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. BACKGROUND
This project attempts to show how energy can be tapped, derived and utilized by the use of
moving vehicles through busy roads. Moving vehicles possesses huge amount of kinetic
energy but of no use. These wasted kinetic energy of the moving vehicles of a busy road can
be converted into electrical energy and further used to power its own streetlights, traffic
lights and for many other applications. The number of vehicles and roads are increasing day
by day. Every time a vehicle passes over it the great possibility of tapping this energy and
generating power by making the system as power generation unit.

In this model we use the concept of conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Here, power is produced by converting potential energy generated by vehicle going on
bumper into rotational energy.

Electricity can be generated with the help of bumpers by making gear arrangement and using
electronic gadgets, thus good amount of electricity can be generated which is environmental
friendly and can turn to be cheaper, effective and aa better option of alternative energy
money. We can develop electricity from this phenomenon by using 3 Mechanisms basically
they are as follows:

1) Roller mechanism

2) Crank-shaft mechanism

3) Rack-pinion mechanism

Since Rack-pinion mechanism is convenient to produce ample amount of energy with high
efficiency [1], we have chosen this method for our project with a very simple and effective
design for generating electricity using a generator.

1.2. SCOPE OF PROJECT:

Utilization of energy is induction to the growth of nation. Entire world in search of
alternating energy source. Nepal on the other hand is facing energy crisis in the form of load
scheding. The busiest road in the world i.e. Pan American Highway (16 lane) hosts the
average vehicle run of 500,000 per day [2]. In context of Nepal, as per DOR:SSRN, AADT
of Rinagroad (Sinamangal) in PCUs is 42,600[3].This clearly shows that huge amount of
KWhrs of energy is being wasted which can be converted efficiently and effectively for
electricity generation and can prove to be a cheaper and reliable alternative source of energy
beside solar energy , which are complex to manufacture and import-oriented.

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1.3 OBJECTIVE:

1.3.1 Specific objective:

 The main objective is convert the wasted energy of moving vehicles of the roads into
the electrical energy to power its own streetlights, traffic lights etc.
 Design, fabrication and testing of the system for efficient and effective power
generation

1.3.2 General objectives:

 To propose an integration of mechanical and electronic systems which can produce
energy from the vehicles moving on roads with certain velocity.
 To fabricate the complete designed system using cost effective and latest techniques.
 To test the current, voltage and power generation with variation in load.

1.4 ADVANTAGES:

 Simple Construction
 Can be manufactured and installed easily. It can be manufactured at our own country
unlike solar panels, which are to be imported from other nation’s solar panels.
 Can be used as AADAT (Annual Average Daily Traffic) counter, if equipped with
electronic sensors and arrangements which can be enormously helpful for collecting
various traffic data
 Pollution free power generation.
 Energy is available all year around.
 No fuel storage is required.
 Maximum utilization of energy.
 Uninterrupted power generation.
 It will work with light and heavy weight vehicles.
 Usage of wasted energy, thus saving energy, a good example of alternative energy
and energy recycling.

1.5 DISADVANTAGES:

 Light traffic results in low power production.

 It requires regular inspection.

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 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
The energy crisis led to the idea of generating power using speed breaker. First to make use
were South African people [4], their electrical crisis has made them to implement this method
to light up small villages of the highway. The idea of basic physics to convert the kinetic
energy into electrical energy that goes waste when the vehicle runs over the speed-break was
used. Since then a lot has been done in this field. The idea caught our working team and we
have decided to develop such a project that will produce more power and store it for use at
night time as it proves to be a boon to the economy of the country.

The Burger King on U.S. Highway, Customers pull in and out all day, and at least 100,000
cars visit the drive-thru each year [5]. And a newly installed, mechanized speed bump will
both help them slow down and harvest some of that coasting energy. The weight of a car is
used to throw a lever, explains Gerard Lynch, the engineer behind the Motion Power system
developed for New Energy Technologies, a Maryland-based company [6]. The instantaneous
power is 2,000 watts at five miles-per-hour, but its instantaneous which means some form of
storage will be required.

IIT Guwahati has evaluated the machine and recommended it to the Assam ministry of
power for large scale funding. IIT design department says “it is a very viable proposition to
harness thousands of megawatts of electricity untapped across the country every day” [7].

A survey has been conducted about electricity consumption from Tamil Nadu electricity
board website. It says that: The amount of electricity consumed in a single night by all the
street lights around Chennai city is equal to consumption of electricity in a remote village for
almost 45 days. Similar surveys inspired us a lot and made us to think about saving this
wasted energy which made us introduce this new technique. [8]

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CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

3.1. STEPS FOLLOWED:

 General Study
 Material selection and components design
 Fabrication
 Prototype Testing

3.1.1 General Study

Literature Review
For literature collection, various internet websites will be searched, online journals
and magazines will be referred, and leaflets of various related organization and books
will be reviewed.

3.1.2 Design

In order to carry out the project, we will collect various materials, equipment, tools:

COMPONENTS MATERIAL SUGGESTED

BUMPER PLATE Cast Iron(can easily sustain vibrations)
FRAME Cast Iron(can easily sustain vibrations)
SPRINGS Mild steel ((0.04 % to 0.3 % C ) ( Higher
shear strength / less Stiffness/compressive
strength is good).
RACK AND PINION Mild Steel (oil quenched) SAE 3220. (High
capacity to handle heavy load and high
stress.)
BEARING Roller bearing
FLYWHEEL Cast Iron
GEARS Oil Quench Steel
BATTERY 12 V DC
MOTOR PMDC , 12-24 V (high starting and
accelerating torque, compact size and energy
efficient)
Table 3.1: Components and Material Suggested

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The prototype will be designed using CATIA and the layout is shown below:

Fig 3.1. Prototype

3.1.3 Fabrication:

Following steps were carried during fabrication at mechanical laboratory

 Formation of frame
 Bumper plate arrangement
 Rack and Pinion arrangement
 Mounting flywheel on shaft
 Connecting shaft to dynamo
 Battery connection
 Connecting DC lightning to dynamo

3.2.4 Prototype Testing

A pit is dug in the land and the system is put into the ground upon which a vehicle is made to
pass on. The sustainability of the system is ensured by checking whether the system is
capable of bearing the load of the moving vehicles on the road. Then, required instrument is
used to measure voltage, current and power as a whole.

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3.2 FLOWCHART

Literature review

Design of Speed breaker

proposed model arrangement

Rack,pinion and
gearArrangement

Mounting
Flywheel on shaft

Connecting shaft
to dynamo

Battery
arrangement

Connection of DC Testing
Lightning

Fig 3.2: Workflow sequence

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3.3 WORKING :
The project is concerned with the generation of electricity from moving of vehicles in the
road. The load acted upon the bumper plate setup is thereby transmitted to rack and pinion
arrangements. Here the reciprocating motion of bumper is converted into rotary motion using
the rack and pinion arrangement. The axis of is coupled with sprocket arrangement. The
sprocket arrangement is made of two sprockets. One larger size and the other of smaller size
(freewheel). Both the sprockets are connected by means of a chain which serves in
transmitting power from the larger sprocket to smaller sprocket. As the power is transmitted
from a larger sprocket to smaller sprocket, the speed that is available at the larger sprocket
relatively multiplied at the rotation of smaller sprocket. The axis of the smaller sprocket is
coupled to a flywheel. The flywheel is coupled to the shaft at the axis of the smaller sprocket.
Hence speed that has been multiplied at the smaller sprocket wheel is passed on to this
flywheel of larger dimension. The smaller sprocket is coupled to the larger flywheel. So as
the wheel rotates at the multiplied speed of smaller sprocket, sprocket following the larger
sprocket still multiplies the speed to more intensity. Hence, although due rotary motion
achieved at the larger sprocket wheel is less, as power is transmitted to the flywheel, finally
the speed is multiplied to a higher speed. This speed is sufficient to rotate a shaft connected to
a generator. The rotor (shaft) provide sufficient energy to rotate the generator, thereby
produces the DC current. This current is now sent to the storage battery where it is stored .
This current is then utilized for lighting purposes on either side of the road to a considerable
distance. It is an Electro-Mechanical unit. It utilizes both mechanical technologies and
electrical techniques for the power generation and its storage.

3.4. COST ESTIMATION

Some material will be provided from campus but other must be purchase. This table gives

the rough estimation of our budget.

COMPONENTS QUANTITY PRICE (Rs)

Rack and pinion 2 4000
Chain sprocket 2 2500
Spring 6 4800
Shaft 3 6000
PMDC motor 1 8500
Bearing 6 3000
Flywheel 1 4000
Frame - 2000
Instillation and testing - 3000
Extra - 3000
Total 40,800

Table 3.4: cost estimation

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3.5 ESTIMATED TIME:

Gantt Chart
4-Jan 23-Feb 14-Apr 3-Jun 23-Jul

Group Selection

Topic Selection

Discussion

Literature Review
Start Date
Proposal Writing
Days to complete
Design and Calculation

Material Collection

Fabrication

Installation and Testing

Report Writing

Fig 3.5: Gantt Chart

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 CHAPTER 4: EXPECTED OUTCOME
This project will be highly useful in the sector of energy since no such attempt is done all
around Nepal. In this project we discover technology to produce electricity from busy roads,
where the system produced is trustworthy and which can become an effective, quite efficient
and independent means of power generation for the streets providing a better option of
alternative energy and consequently saving the considerable amount of energy and money.
Alternative energy is one of the major concern of today’s world. So, this project can help
significantly for providing and contrasting a good alternative source for electrical energy.

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 CHAPTER 5: REFERENCES

[1] Ankita, Meenu Bala, Power Generation From Speed Breakers, “International Journal Of Advance
Research In Science and Engineering”, 2013.
[2] https://www.chron.com/neighborhood/katy/news/article/Bragging-rights-or-embarrassment-Katy-
Freeway-at-6261429.php
[3] http://ssrn.aviyaan.com/traffic_controller/get_summary
[4] A. Mishra, P. Kale, International Journal of Engineering and Science, Vol. II, March 2013
[5] G.R.Prabu, G.Ethiraj, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,Electroncs and
Instrumental engineering, Innovation in Engineering and Technology (IJIET) Vol.2 Issue 2, March
2013
[6] R.Gupta, S.Sharma, "A Revolutionary Technique of Power Generation from speed breaker,
International Journal of Engineering Research and technology, 2013
[7] Amol Sheshrao Fawad, Air Compression and Electricity Generation by Using Speed Breaker with
Rack And Pinion Mechanism, International Of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol.5 Issue 1,
January 2015
[8] AkhildevPillai, Swapnil Hirole, Vandana Patil, and Swapnil S.Kulkarni, “Using Motion Simulation in
CAD in the Concept Design Phase for Harnessing Energy from Road Traffic”, in International Journal
for Scientific Research & Development Vol. 4, Issue 10, 2016

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