Ken Oliver O.

Bellen

S-1

Design of the monolithic reinforcement concrete slab. The slab will be used for school classroom. Use
the following design criteria.

f’c = 21MPa

fy = 276MP

 Type of Occupancy
(school classroom)
Computations
Live Load = 1.9 KPa
Test if one way or two way
 Assumptions:
𝑙 4.5
Thickness of Slab = 150 mm 𝑚= ;𝑚 = = 1.29 < 2
𝑠 3.5
Beam Size = 350mm x 350mm
Girder Size = 400 x 500mm Therefore, this is a two way slab
Column Size = 500mm x 500mm

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 Ken Oliver O. Bellen

Computation for Inertia in section.  For slab with a 3500 mm width:

For section a-a 1716.458 𝑥 106

𝛼𝑓1 = = 1.74
3500(150)3
Centroid (X) 12
(350 𝑥 350)(175) + (350 𝑥 150)(75)
=
(350 𝑥 350) + (350 𝑥 150)  For slab with a 3500 mm width:

𝒙 = 𝟏𝟒𝟓𝒎𝒎 5692.628𝑥 106

𝛼𝑓1 = = 8.26
3500(150)3
For section b-b 12

Centroid (X)
(400 𝑥 150)(75) + (400 𝑥 500)(250) Solve for ∝𝒇𝒎 :
= ∝𝑓1 +∝𝑓2 +∝𝑓3 +∝𝑓4
(400 𝑥 150) + (400 𝑥 500) ∝𝑓𝑚 =
4
𝒙 = 𝟐𝟎𝟗. 𝟔𝟏𝟓𝒎𝒎 3.54 + 4.5 + 1.74 + 8.26
∝𝑓𝑚 =
4
For section a-a Inertia (l) ∝𝒇𝒎 = 𝟒. 𝟓𝟏 > 2.0

(350)(350)3
𝐼 =⌊ + (350)(350)(175 − 145)2 ⌋ + According to NSCP 2015 Table 408.3.1.2
12
(350)(150)3 Minimum Thickness of Non-Prestressed Two-
⌊ + (350)(150)(145 − 75)2 ⌋
12 way Slabs with Beams Spanning between
supports on all sides
𝑰 = 𝟏𝟕𝟏𝟔. 𝟒𝟓𝟖 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟒
∝𝑓𝑚 > 2.0
For section b-b Inertia (l)

(400)(500)3 Use,
=⌊ + (400)(500)(250 − 209.615)2 ⌋ + 𝑓𝑦
12
𝐿𝑛(0.8 + )
(400)(150)3
ℎ= 1400
[ + (400)(150)(209.615 − 75)2 ]
12 36 + 9𝛽

Where,

𝑰 = 𝟓𝟔𝟗𝟐. 𝟔𝟐𝟖 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟒 𝐿𝑛 = 4500 − 400 = 4100 𝑚𝑚

Solve for 𝜶𝒇 4500 − 400

𝛽= = 0.13
4000 − 350

276
 For slab with a 1925 mm width: 4100(0.8 + )
ℎ= 1400
36 + 9(0.13)
1716.458 𝑥 106
𝛼𝑓 = = 3.54
1925(150)3 ℎ = 𝟏𝟎𝟗. 𝟗𝟖𝟗𝒎𝒎 < 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎
12
Therefore, use h = 150 mm (ok)

 For slab with a 4500 mm width:

5692.628 𝑥 106
𝛼𝑓 = = 4.5
4500(150)3 Uniform Factored Load
12
𝑊𝑢 = 1.2 𝐷𝐿 + 1.6 𝐿𝐿

Dead Load:
Consider 1m strip

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 Ken Oliver O. Bellen

 Weight of Slab 𝑉𝑢 = (1)(1.451)(9.1504) = 13.28 𝐾𝑁

= (23.6)(1)(0.15) =2.832 KN/m 𝐴𝑛𝑑
 Weight of Concrete Finishes 1
𝑉𝑐 = ⋏ √𝑓′𝑐𝑏𝑑
= (1.58)(1) = 1.58 KN/m 6
 Weight of Ceiling Use ⋏ = 1.0 for normal weight concrete
(NSCP 2015)
= (0.48)(1) = 0.48 KN/m
1
 Weight of Mechanical Duct Allowance 𝑉𝑐 = (1)√21(1000)(124) = 94.71 𝐾𝑁
6
= (0.20)(1) = 0.20 KN/m
ϕ𝑉𝑐 = 0.75(94.71) = 71.0325 𝐾𝑁
Total Dead Load = 5.092 KN/m
Strength Reduction Factor for Shear ϕ
𝑊𝑢 = 1.2 𝐷𝐿 + 1.6 𝐿𝐿 = 0.75

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2 (5.092) + 1.6 (1.9) 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒,

𝑾𝒖 = 𝟗. 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟒 KN/m ϕ𝑉𝑐 ≥ 𝑉𝑢 ok!

𝐍𝐨 𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐫𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭

Check for Depth Shear

Solving for Moments

Moment Along short span

(exterior girder )

 Solving for Effective Depth:

Thickness of Slab = 150mm

Concrete cover = 20mm
½ Main Bar = ½ (12) = 6mm
d = 150 – 20 – 6 = 124mm 4.5 0.35
𝑙2 = − = 2.05𝑚
2 2
 Solving for y: 𝑙𝑛 = 3.5 − 0.2 = 3.7𝑚

y = 1.75 − 0.35/2 = 1.451 𝑚 Total Static moment

Taking b=1 (one meter strip) (𝑊𝑢 𝐿2 )(𝐿𝑛 )2

𝑀𝑂 =
8
ϕ𝑉𝑐 ≥ 𝑉𝑢
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑊𝑢 × 𝐴𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 (9.1504 𝑥 2.05)(3.7)2
𝑀𝑂 = = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟐𝟔𝟔 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
8

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 Ken Oliver O. Bellen

Distribution of Total Factored Static Moment 6.31 𝑥 109

∴ 𝛽𝑡 =
Use table 408.10.4.2 (NSCP 2015) for the 4300𝑥1503
2( 12 )
distribution coefficients for end spans – Slabs with
beams B/w all supports. 𝛽𝑡 = 𝟐. 𝟔

𝛽𝑡 = 2.6 > 2.5

𝐿2 2.25
Interior Negative factored moment = ∝𝟒 = 8.26 ( )
0.7( 23.266) = 16.286 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚 𝐿1 3.5
𝐿2
Positive factored moment = ∝𝟒 = 5.31 > 1
𝐿1
0.57(23.266 ) = 13.262 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

Exterior Negative factored moment = 𝐿2 2.25

= = 0.6
0.16(23.266 ) = 3.723 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚 𝐿1 3.5

From the table 408.10.5.2 (Portion of Exterior

Distributing these moments to girder, slab and
column strips:
For this case, the table from sec. 413.7.4.2 (NSCP
2015) will be used for distribution of negative
moments
Negative Moment in Column Strip)
By interpolation:
Percentage = 87%
 Exterior Negative Moment
Column Strip = 0.87(3.723) = 3.239KN-m
Girder= 0.85(3.239) = 2.753KN-m
Slab = 0.15(3.239) = 0.486KN-m
Middle Strip =3.723 - 3.239 = 0.484KN-m

 Interior Negative Moment

By interpolation:

𝐸 𝐶
Percentage = 86%
𝛽𝑡 = 2𝐸𝑐𝑏 𝐼 ; 𝐸𝑐𝑏 = 𝐸𝑐𝑠 = 𝐸𝑐
𝑐𝑠 𝑠

𝑥 𝑥3𝑦 Column Strip = 0.86(16.286) = 14.005 KN-m

𝐶 = ∑(1 − 0.63 )
𝑦 3 Beam = 0.85(14.005) =11.904 KN-m
Slab = 0.15(14.005) = 2.101 KN-m

400 (400)3 (650) Middle Strip =16.286 - 14.005= 2.117KN-m

𝐶 = (1 − 0.63 )
650 3
400 (400)3 (150)
+ (1 − 0.63 )  Positive Moment
150 3

𝐶 = 𝟔. 𝟑𝟏 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟗 𝒎𝒎𝟒
By interpolation:

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 Ken Oliver O. Bellen

Percentage = 86% 𝐸
𝛽𝑡 = 2𝐸𝑐𝑏 𝐼
𝐶
; 𝐸𝑐𝑏 = 𝐸𝑐𝑠 = 𝐸𝑐
𝑐𝑠 𝑠

Column Strip = 0.86(13.262) = 11.405 KN-m 𝑥 𝑥3𝑦

𝐶 = ∑(1 − 0.63 )
𝑦 3
Beam = 0.85(11.405) =9.694 KN-m
Slab = 0.15(11.405) =1.711 KN-m
Middle Strip =13.262 - 11.405 = 1.857 KN-m

Moment Along short Span

(interior girder)

400 (400)3 (650)

𝐶 = (1 − 0.63 )
650 3
400 (400)3 (150)
+ (1 − 0.63 )
150 3

𝐶 = 𝟔. 𝟑𝟏 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟗 𝒎𝒎𝟒

𝛽𝑡 = 𝟐. 𝟓
𝐿2 = 4.5 𝑚
𝛽𝑡 = 2.5 ≥ 2.5
𝑙𝑛 = 3.5 − 0.35 = 3.15𝑚
(𝑊𝑢 𝐿2 )(𝐿𝑛 )2 (9.1504)(4.5)(3.15)2
𝐿2 4.5
𝑀𝑂 = = ∝𝟏 = 4.5 ( )
8 8 𝐿1 3.5
𝐿2
𝑴𝑶 = 𝟓𝟏. 𝟎𝟕𝟐 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎 ∝𝟏 = 5.786 > 1
𝐿1

𝐿2 4.5
= = 1.29
Distribution of Total Factored Static Moment 𝐿1 3.5

Use table 408.10.4.2 (NSCP 2015) for the

From the table 408.10.5.2 (Portion of Exterior
distribution coefficients for end spans – Slabs with
Negative Moment in Column Strip)
beams B/w all supports.

Interior Negative factored moment = By interpolation:

0.7(51.072 ) = 𝟑𝟓. 𝟕𝟓 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
Positive factored moment =
0.57( 51.072) = 𝟐𝟗. 𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
Exterior Negative factored moment =
0.16(51.072 ) = 𝟖. 𝟏𝟕𝟐 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
Distributing these moments to girder, slab
and column strips:
Percentage = 66%
 Exterior Negative Moment
Column Strip = 0.66(8.172) = 5.394 KN-m
Girder= 0.85(5.394) = 4.585 KN-m
Slab = 0.15(5.394) = 0.810 KN-m
Middle Strip =8.172 - 5.394= 2.778 KN-m

For this case, the table from sec. 413.7.4.2 (NSCP  Interior Negative Moment
2015) will be used for distribution of negative By interpolation:
moments Percentage = 66%

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 Ken Oliver O. Bellen

Column Strips = 0.66(35.750) = 23.595 KN-m

Beam = 0.85(23.595) =20.056 KN-m Moment Along Short Span
Slab = 0.15(23.595) =3.539 KN-m (exterior beam)
Middle Strip =35.750– 23.595= 12.155 KN-m

 Positive Moment

Column Strips = 0.66(29.111) = 19.213 KN-m

Beam = 0.85(19.213) = 16.331 KN-m
Slab = 0.15(19.213) = 2.882 KN-m
Middle Strip =29.111 - 19.213 = 9.898 KN-m

3.5 . 35
𝑙2 = + = 1.925𝑚
2 2
𝑙𝑛 = 4.5 − 0.4 = 4.1𝑚

MOMENTS ALONG SHORT SPAN Total Static moment

(𝑊𝑢 𝐿2 )(𝐿𝑛 )2
𝑀𝑂 =
8
(9.1504 𝑥 1.925)(4.1)2
𝑀𝑂 = = 𝟑𝟕. 𝟎𝟏𝟑 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
8

Distribution of Total Factored Static Moment

Use table 408.10.4.2 (NSCP 2015) for the

distribution coefficients for end spans – Slabs with
beams B/w all supports.

Interior Negative factored moment =

0.7(37.013) = 𝟐𝟓. 𝟗𝟎𝟗 𝐊𝐍 − 𝐦

Positive factored moment =

0.57(37.013 ) = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟎𝟗𝟕 𝐊𝐍 − 𝐦

Exterior Negative factored moment =

0.16(37.013 ) = 𝟓. 𝟗𝟐𝟐 𝐊𝐍 − 𝐦

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 Ken Oliver O. Bellen

For this case, the table from sec. 413.7.4.2 (NSCP Beam = 0.85(4.979) = 4.232 KN-m
2015) will be used for distribution of negative
Slab = 0.15(4.979) = 0.746 KN-m
moments
Middle Strip =5.9222 - 4.979= 0.943 KN-m
𝐸𝑐𝑏 𝐶
𝛽𝑡 = 2𝐸 ; 𝐸𝑐𝑏 = 𝐸𝑐𝑠 = 𝐸𝑐
𝑐𝑠 𝐼𝑠

𝑥 𝑥3𝑦
𝐶 = ∑(1 − 0.63 )  Interior Negative Moment
𝑦 3
By interpolation:
Percentage =0.79
Column Strip = 0.79(25.909) = 20.468 KN-m
Beam = 0.859(20.468) = 17.398 KN-m
Slab = 0.15(20.468) = 3.070 KN-m
Middle Strip =25.909 - 20.468 = 5.441 KN-m

 Positive Moment
By interpolation:
Percentage =0.79
Column Strip = 0.79(21.097) = 16.667 KN-m
350 (350)3 (500) Beam = 0.859(16.667) = 14.167 KN-m
𝐶 = (1 − 0.63 )
500 3
350 (350)3 (150) Slab = 0.15(16.667) = 2.5 KN-m
+ (1 − 0.63 )
150 3 Middle Strip = 21.097–16.667= 4.43 KN-m
𝐶 = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟗 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟗 𝒎𝒎𝟒
a. Moment Along long Span (interior
2.99𝑥109
∴ 𝛽𝑡 = beam)
1925 𝑥 1503
2( 12
)

𝛽𝑡 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟔

𝛽𝑡 = 2.76 > 2.5

𝐿2 1.925
∝𝟏 = 3.54 ( )
𝐿1 4.5
𝐿2
∝𝟏 = 1.51 > 1
𝐿1

𝐿2 1.925
= = 0.43
𝐿1 4.5

From the table 408.10.5.2 (Portion of Exterior

Negative Moment in Column Strip)

By interpolation: 𝐿2 = 3.5 𝑚
Percentage =0.81
𝐿𝑛 = 4.5 − 0.4 = 4.1 𝑚
 Exterior Negative Moment
Column Strip = 0.81(5.922) = 4.797 KN-m

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 Ken Oliver O. Bellen

(𝑊𝑢 𝐿2 )(𝐿𝑛 )2 (9.1504)(3.5)(4.1)2 2.99𝑥109

𝑀𝑂 = = ∴ 𝛽𝑡 =
8 8 3500 𝑥 1503
2( 12
)
𝑴𝑶 = 𝟓𝟕. 𝟒𝟒𝟕 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
𝛽𝑡 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟏

𝛽𝑡 = 1.51
Distribution of Total Factored Static Moment
𝐿2 3.5
Use table 408.10.4.2 (NSCP 2015) for the ∝𝟑 = 1.74 ( )
𝐿1 4.5
distribution coefficients for end spans – Slabs with 𝐿2
∝𝟑 = 1.35 > 1
beams B/w all supports 𝐿1

Interior Negative factored moment = 𝐿2 3.5

= = 0.78
0.7(57.447 ) = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟐𝟏𝟑 𝐊𝐍 − 𝐦 𝐿1 4.5
Positive factored moment =
0.57(57.447 ) = 𝟑𝟐. 𝟕𝟒𝟓 𝐊𝐍 − 𝐦 Distributing these moments to beam, slab and
Exterior Negative factored moment = column strips
0.16(57.447 ) = 𝟗. 𝟏𝟗𝟐 𝐊𝐍 − 𝐦
From the table 408.10.5.2 (Portion of Exterior
Negative Moment in Column Strip)
For this case, the table from sec. 413.7.4.2 (NSCP
By interpolation:
2015) will be used for distribution of negative
moments Percentage =0.90

 Exterior Negative Moment

𝐸 𝐶 Column Strip = 0.90(9.192) = 8.273 KN-m
𝛽𝑡 = 2𝐸𝑐𝑏 𝐼 ; 𝐸𝑐𝑏 = 𝐸𝑐𝑠 = 𝐸𝑐
𝑐𝑠 𝑠
Beam = 0.85(8.273) = 7.032 KN-m
Slab = 0.15(8.273) =1.241 KN-m
Middle Strip =9.192 - 8.273 = 0.919 KN-m

By interpolation:
Percentage of negative moment = 0.82
Percentage of positive moment = 0.82

 Interior Negative Moment

𝑥 𝑥3𝑦 Column Strips = 0.82(40.213) = 32.975 KN-m

𝐶 = ∑(1 − 0.63 ) Beam = 0.85(32.975) = 28.029 KN-m
𝑦 3
350 (350)3 (500) Slab = 0.15(32.975) = 4.946 KN-m
𝐶 = (1 − 0.63 )
500 3 Middle Strip =40.213 - 32.975 = 7.238 KN-m
350 (350)3 (150)
+ (1 − 0.63 )
150 3
 Positive Moment
𝐶 = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟗 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟗 𝒎𝒎𝟒
Column Strips =0.82(32.745) = 26.854KN-m

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 Ken Oliver O. Bellen

Beam = 0.85(26.854) = 22.823 KN-m

Slab = 0.15(26.854) = 4.028KN-m
Middle Strip =32.745 - 26.854= 5.894 KN-m

MOMENTS ALONG SHORT SPAN

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 Ken Oliver O. Bellen

COMBINATION OF MOMENTS ALONG SHORT AND LONG SPAN

Temperature and Shrinkage Reinforcement

𝐴𝑠 = 0.002𝑏ℎ
𝐴𝑠 = .002(1000)(120)
𝐴𝑠 = 240 𝑚𝑚2
Using 10 mm diameter temperature bar
Ab(1000)
S=
𝐴𝑠
π
(4)(10)2 (1000)
S=
240

S = 327.25 mm say 320 mm o.c

Spacing of 12mm Ø main bar (Tabulated Form)

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 Ken Oliver O. Bellen

The values in the table are calculated using the following formulas:
 𝑀𝑢 = ∅𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 2 𝑤(1 − 0.59𝑤)
𝑤𝑓′𝑐
 𝜌= 𝑓𝑦
(Reinforcement Ratio)
1.4
 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓𝑦

 A𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 (Steel Area Requirement)

𝜋
( )(12)2 (𝑏)
𝑆= 4
𝐴𝑆
(Spacing of Steel Bars)

Row A Row B

Across D Across E Across F Across D Across E Across F

Mu 0.746 1.403 0.621 2.5 7.377 2.014

b 925 925 925 2250 2250 2250

d 124 124 124 124 124 124

w 0.00279 0.00526 0.00233 0.00383 0.01136 0.00309

p 0.00021 0.00040 0.00018 0.00029 0.00086 0.00024

Use p 0.00307 0.00307 0.00307 0.00307 0.00307 0.00307

𝐴𝑠 352.129 352.129 352.129 856.53 856.53 856.53

N 3.1 3.1 3.1 7.57 7.57 7.57

Use N 4 4 4 8 8 8

s 231.25 231.25 231.25 281.25 281.25 281.25

Use s 230 230 230 280 280 280

Position Top Bottom Top Top Bottom Top

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 Ken Oliver O. Bellen

Row C Row D

Across D Across E Across F Across A Across B Across C

Mu 3.070 9.06 2.473 0.486 1.873 0.405

b 925 925 925 700 700 700

d 124 124 124 124 124 124

w 0.01063 0.03177 0.00855 0.00167 0.00647 0.00139

p 0.00081 0.00242 0.00065 0.00013 0.00049 0.00011

Use p 0.00307 0.00307 0.00307 0.00307 0.00307 0.00307

𝐴𝑠 352.129 352.129 352.129 266.476 266.476 266.476

N 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.37 2.37 2.37

Use N 4 4 4 3 3 3

s 231.25 231.25 231.25 233.33 233.33 233.33

Use s 230 230 230 230 230 230

Position Top Bottom Top Top Bottom Top

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 Ken Oliver O. Bellen

Row E Row F

Across A Across B Across C Across A Across B Across C

Mu 1.711 6.806 1.441 2.101 7.739 1.637

b 1750 1750 1750 700 700 700

d 124 124 124 124 124 124

w 0.00591 0.00112 0.00024 0.00034 0.00127 0.00027

p 0.00045 0.00009 0.00002 0.00003 0.00010 0.00002

Use p 0.00307 0.00307 0.00307 0.00307 0.00307 0.00307

𝐴𝑠 666.19 666.19 666.19 266.476 266.476 266.476

N 5.89 5.89 5.89 2.36 2.36 2.36

Use N 6 6 6 3 3 3

s 291.67 291.67 291.67 233.34 233.34 233.34

Use s 290 290 290 230 230 230

Position Top Bottom Top Top Bottom Top

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 A THREE-STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Ken Oliver O. Bellen

IX. Cross Sections of the Slab

 Along Long Span

 Along Short Span

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 A THREE-STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Ken Oliver O. Bellen

S-2

FF

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 A THREE-STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Ken Oliver O. Bellen

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Ken Oliver O. Bellen

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