Exercise # 2

2
8x 3
 2x 2  3 
Q.1 Lim  2 
x  2x  5
 

2
8x 3
 2x 2  3 
Sol. Lim  2
x  2x  5
 (1)
 

 2
Lim  2x  3  2x  5 
e x  2  .(8x 2  3) = e– 8
 2x  5 

x
Q.2  xc
Lim    4 then find c
x   x  c 

 x  c  x  c  
lim   .x
x   x  c  
Sol. e = e2c – 4
2c = n4  c = n2

1/ x
 (1  x)1/ x 
Q.3 Lim  
x 0
 e 
1/ x
 (1  x)1/ x 
Sol. Lim   (1)
x 0
 e 

Lim (1  x)1/ x  e 1
L  e x0 .
e x

 n(1 x)
e[e x 1  1]   n(1  x)  x 
Lim
Act.: x0 e( n(1  x)  x) .  
x2
x

t  e t  1/ t 2 1
Lim t 
t0 (e  1) 2 / t 2 2
(taking commone)

Ans. e 1/ 2

Bansal Classes Limits, continuity & Differentiability of Functions [43]

 2
2 n  n 1
 n2  n 1 
Q.4 Lim  
n   n 
 

 n 2  n 1 n 
Lim  (2 n 2  n 1)
n  n 

Sol. e

[(n 2  n ) (1 n) 2 ] ( 2 n 2  n 1)

Lim
e
x 
n  n n (1n )
2

(  n 1)(2 n 2  n 1)
Lim [taking n2 as common]
e
n 
n  
n 2  n  (1 n )

 1  1 1
1   2 1  2  n 2
 n n n 
Lim e 1
2 1 1 
n 
e n  1  1
 n n 

 
Q.5 Lim x 2 sin  n cos 
x 
 x
 
Sol. Lim x 2 sin  n cos  (. 0)
x 
 x

 
x 2 sin  n cos 
 x 
Lim  n cos 
x  
  x
  n cos (  1)
 x 

 x2  
Lim x 2 .n cos Lim
= x n  cos 
x x 2  x

   
n 1   cos  1 
2
x   x   
)  2sin 2 
 Lim
x  2     2x 
 cos x  1

 

2 2sin 2  2
x  2x    
 Lim 2 . 
x  2
   2x 
 
2x
2
=–
4
Bansal Classes Limits, continuity & Differentiability of Functions [44]
 2
x
   x a  
Lim cos  2   a  R
Q.6 x     1  x   
  
x
Sol. Put = y  y  1 as x 
1 x

1 1 1 y
1– y 1+x= x= 1  x =
1 x 1 y 1 y 1 y
2
 y   y2 
Lim cos 2 ya 1 Lim( 2sin 2 ya )
y1  1 y  = y1

 (1 y) 2 
e e
 sin 2  (1 ya ) 2 (1 ya )2 2 
Lim  2 2 a 2
. .y 
y1
  (1 y ) (1 y)2 
e

2
 1 ya  2 2 2a 2  xn 1 
e
2   
 1 y 
 .y  e  Lx
im
1 x 1
 n
 
Alt.: Let limit = eL
x
Let = t
1 x

 cos(2  2t a )  1  t 2 4 2 (1  t a ) 2
Lim
L = t1  a 2  (1  t) 2
 (2(1  t ))  a2

  1 2 2 L 2  2a 2
=   4 (a ) e  e
2

x
tan
 x  2
Q.7 Lim  tan 
x 1  4 
x
tan
 x  2
Sol. Lim  tan 
x 1  4 
 x  x
Lim tan 1 tan
x1  4  2
e

 x  
sin   
 4 4 x
Lim .tan
x1  x 2
e cos .cos
4 4


sin ( x 1)
4 x 
Lim .tan . ( x 1)
x 1    2 4
e 4
(x 1)cos cos x
4 4

   

e
Lim ( x 1) cos t   
x1 2  2 2x  = e–1 = (e–1 )

Bansal Classes Limits, continuity & Differentiability of Functions [45]

 1
 x  1  cos x  x
Q.8 Lim  
x0  x 

1
 x  1  cos x  x
Sol. Lim  
x0  x 

1/ x
 x2 x4 
 x  1  1    ..... 
Lim  2! 4!
x 0 x 
 
 

1/ x  x x2 1
 .........  e1/ 2
 x x3  lim 
x0 2 4! x
Lim  1   ......... e
x 0  2 4! 

 x 1cos x  x  1 1/ 2
Lim 
x 0 
  e
x x
Alt: e

x
2sin 2
Lim 2  e1/ 2
x0 4x 2
e 4

nx
 1 1 1 1

 a1  a 2  a 3  .....  a nx 
x x x
Q.9 Lim where a1,a2,a3,......an > 0
x   n 
 

nx
  1   1
 
 1
 
 1 
 
 x
 a1  a 2  a 3  .....  a n x 
x x
Sol. Lim  
x  n
 

Lim a1/1 x  1 a1/2 x  1 a1/n x  1

e x
  .... 
1/ x 1/ x 1/ x

n(a .a ......a )
e( na1 )( n a 2 )...( n a n ) = e 1 2 n
= a1.a2.......an.

Bansal Classes Limits, continuity & Differentiability of Functions [46]

 sin 1 (1  {x}).cos 1 (1  {x})
Q.10 Let f(x) = then find Lim f (x) , and Lim f (x) where {x} denotes
2{x}.(1  {x}) x 0 
x 0 

the fractional part function.

sin 1 (1  {x}) cos1 1  {x}

Sol. Lim {x}  0 for x  0+
x 0 2{x}.(1  {x})

0 1

sin 1 (1  {x}) sin 1 1  (1  {x}) 2

Lim [1 – 1 – {x}2 + 2{x}}
x 0 2{x}(1  {x})

sin 1 (1  {x})sin 1 {x}(2  {x}) 

Lim 
x 0 2{x}(1  {x}) 2

sin 1 (1  {x})(cos 1 (1  {x}))

Lim [{x}  1]
x 0 2{x}(1  {x})


=
2 2

ae x  bcos x  ce  x
Q.11 Find the values of a, b & c so that Lim 2
x 0 x.sin x
ae x  bcos x  ce  x
Sol. Lim 2
x 0 x sin x
 x x2   x2 x    x x2 
a 1    .....  b 1    .....  c 1    .....
1! 2!  2! 4!   1! 2!
Lim   
x 0  sin x 
x2 
 x 
(i) a – b + c = 0 = constant
coeff. of x = (ii) a – c = 0  a = c

a b c
coeff. of x2 = (iii)   2  a+b+c= 4
2 2 2

2(a + c) = 4  a – c = 2
a 1 c
b2
Bansal Classes Limits, continuity & Differentiability of Functions [47]
 1  a2  x2  a   x  
Q.12 Lim 2   2sin   sin    where a is an odd integer
x a (a  x 2 ) 2
 ax  2   2 

1  a2  x2   
Sol. Lim 2 2 2 
 cos (a  x)  cos  (a  x) 
x a (a  x )  ax 2 2 

1  (a  x) 2  2ax  
Lim 2 2 2 
 cos (a  x)  (1  1)  cos (a  x) 
x a (a  x )  ax 2 ax 2 

  
cos (a  x)  ax
1 2
Lim  2   2ax
x a (a  x) 2 ax 2 2
(a  x ) ax

 
1 2cos2 (a  x) 2sin 2 (a  x)
Lim  4  4
x a (a  x) 2 ax (a 2  x 2 )2 (a 2  x 2 ) 2


4sin 2 (a  x) 
1 4  a    a  (a  x)   
 L im  cos   x   sin     
4a  x a 2 2
(a  x ) 2
  4 4   2  4   

 2
4sin 2(a  x)
4 16
+ Lim 2 2
x a (a  x) 
(a  x)2
16

1 2 a 2 2  4
=  
4a 4 16a 2 16a 

tan 2 x  x 2
Q.13 Lim
x 0 x 2 tan 2 x

(tan x  x) (tan x  x)
Sol. Lim
x 0 x 2 tan x
 x 3 2x 5 
 x   .......x (tan x  x) / x
3 15 
Lim
x 0 x.x tan x / x 
2 2

 1 2
=   (1  1) 
 3 3

Bansal Classes Limits, continuity & Differentiability of Functions [48]

 (1  x)(1  x 2 )(1  x 3 )......(1  x 2n )
Q.14 If L = Lim then show that L can be equal to
x 1 [(1  x)(1  x 2 )(1  x 3 ).....(1  x n )]2

n n
nr 1
(a) r 1
r (b) n!  (4r  2)
r 1

(c) The sum of the coefficients of two middle terms in the expansion of (1 + x)2n–1.
(d) The coefficient of xn in the expansion of (1 + x)2n.

(1  x) (1  x 2 ) (1  x 3 )....(1  x 2n )
Sol. L  Lim
x1 [(1  x) (1  x 2 ) (1  x 3 ).....(1  x n )]2

1  x n 1 1  x n  2 1  x n3 (1  x 2n )
. .  .......
1  x 1 x2 1  x3 (1  x n )

divide by (1 – x) in Nr and Dr both

(n  1) (n  2).......2n 2n! 2n
  Cn
1.2.3....n n!n!

2.6.10.....(4n  2) 2n [1.3.5.....(2n  1)]

(a) (b) 
n! n!

2n [1.3.5.....2n  1] [2.4.6......2n] 2n!

= 
n!.2n.n! n!n!
(c) 2n–1Cn + 2n–1Cn+1
(d) 2nC
n

Q.15 Lim [1.x]  [2.x]  [3.x]

2
 ....  [n.x]
, Where [·] denotes the greatest integer function.
n  n

x  2x  3x  ...  nx
Sol. n [1.x]  [2.x]  ...  [n.x] x  2x  3x  ...nx
2
 
n n2 n2

g1(x) n(x) g2(x)

lim g1 (x)  Lim(h(x))  Lim g 2 (x)

n  n n 
equal

n(n  1)
.x x
Lim 2 
n n2 2

Bansal Classes Limits, continuity & Differentiability of Functions [49]

 1  x  nx
Q.16 Evaluate, Lim
x 1 1  cos x

1  x  nx h  n(1  h) /  2 h 2

Sol. Lim Lim
x 1 1  cos x h 0 1  cos h
 2 h 2
put x = 1 – h

h   n (1  h)
Lim
h 0 1  cos (1  h)

h  h(1  h)
Lim
h 0  h
2sin 2
2

expanding log (1 h) 

h2 2
 h2 h3  
h    h   ...... 2 2
Lim  2 3  = Lim
h 0 
2
 h 
h 0 2   h 
.2sin 2  
2sin  2  2
 2 

1
=–
2

  ay   by  
 exp  x ln (1  )   exp  x ln(1  )  
 x   x 
Q.17 Lim  Limit 
y0  x  y 
 

   ay     by   
 exp. xn  1     exp. xn  1    
  x    x  
Sol. Lim  Lim
y0  x y 
 
 

x x
  ay   by  
  1   1  
x   x  
Lim  Lim
y0  x  y 
 
 
ay by (a  b)y
e e [e  1] by
Lim  Lim .e
y0 y y0 y
=a–b

Bansal Classes Limits, continuity & Differentiability of Functions [50]

 
Q.18 Let x0 = 2 cos and xn = 2  x n 1 , n = 1, 2, 3,........, find Lim 2(n 1) 2  x n
6 n 

  
Sol. x1 = 2  2cos  2cos if  
6 2 6

 
x2 = 2 cos .......... xn = 2 cos n
4 2

 
Lim 2(n1) 2  2cos Lim 2 n 12sin n 1
n = n
n 2 2

  
2  sin n  1 
 2 
Lim
= n 
2n1

 
= 2 = 2× 
6 3

 n(1  x)1 x 1 
Q.19 Lim   
x0
 x2 x

n(1  x)1 x 1
Sol. Lim 
x 0 x2 x

(1  x)  x x  x  
Lim    ......  1
x 0 x 1 2 3 
x

 x x2   x x 2 x3   x 
(1  x) 1   .....  1     .....  x  1  .....
 2 3   2 3 4   2 
Lim 
x 0 x x

1 1
= – 1 
2 2

Bansal Classes Limits, continuity & Differentiability of Functions [51]

   
 4   n3 1  (1  n 1) 
Q.20 Let L = n 3
1  2  ; M =
 n  n 2
 3  and N =
 n 1 
 n 1
,
1  2n 1 then find the value of

L –1 + M–1 + N–1.

 4  4  4
Sol. L =  1  2  1  2   1  2  ............
3 4 5

 2  2  2  2  2   2   2
 1    1   1   1    1    1     1  
3 4 5 6 3 4 5

1  3 4  5  6   7
   .........      
3 4 5 6 3 4 5

1 2  1
=   
3 4  6

2  1 33  1 43  1
M = 3 . 3 . 3 ........
2 1 3 1 4 1

(n  1)(n 2  n  1)  2  1 3  1 4  1 5  1 
 . . . .....
(n  1) (n 2  n  1)  2  1 3  1 4  1 5  1 

 2 2  2  1 32  3  1
 22  2  1 . 32  3  1 .....

102 n 2  n  1 2
 (n  1) . 
n 3 3


Q.21 A circular arc of radius 1 subtends an angle of x radians, 0 < x < as shown in the figure. The
2
point C is the intersection of the two tangent lines at A & B. Let T(x) be the area of triangle ABC
& let S(x) be the area of the shaded region. Compute: B
T(x) C
(a) T(x) (b) S(x) & (c) the limit of as x  0. 1
S(x)
Sol. x
O 1 A

B

C
–
x

x 
D A
O r

Bansal Classes Limits, continuity & Differentiability of Functions [52]

 1 2
Act: ar (ABC) =  sin(   x)
2

1 2 1
ar (ABC) = r x  r  sin x
2 2

x
 = r tan
2

1 2x
T(x) 2 tan 2 sin x

S(x) 1
(x  sin x)
2

1 1 x  x x
(a) ar(ABC) = T(x) = .AB.CD  .2r sin .  r sec  r cos 
2 2 2 2 2

x x
x sin  sin 3
= r2 sin 2  r2 2
2 cos x cos
x
2 2

1 x
= tan 2 sin x ( r = 1)
2 2
1 1 1
(b) S(x) = x  sin x  (x  sin x)
2 2 2
1 1
(area of ar c = r2| area of   b C sin A)
2 2

1 x x
tan 2 .sin x tan 2 .sin x
(c) Lim 2 2 Lim 2
x 0 1 x 0  x3 
(x  sin x) x   x   ......
2  3! 
x
tan 2 sin x 6 3
 Lim 2.  
x 0 x2 1 4 2
4 x
4 3!

1 x
tan 2 .sin x
2 2
x2 1
4 x
4 3
4
Alt:- 1 x  sin x 1 2
2 x3 6

Bansal Classes Limits, continuity & Differentiability of Functions [53]

 n
x
Q.22 Let f(x) = Lim
n  3
n 1
n 1
sin 3
3n and g(x) = x – 4 f(x). Evaluate Lim(1  g(x))
x0
cot x
.

3sin x  4sin 3 x
Sol. sin3x = sin 3x = 3sin x – 4 sin3 x
4
1 n  x   x x  x x
  3sin  sin x   3  3sin   sin 3 2   32  3sin 3  sin 3 3 
4 n 1  3   3 3   3 3 

1 n n1 x

4 n 1
3 sin. n1  sin x
3

  x 
 x sin  n  
1 3 
 L im  sin x 
4  n x 
 3n 

1
[x  sin x]
4
1 
= g(x) = x – 4  (x  sin x) 
4 
g(x) = sin x

n
 2  
Q.23 If f(n, ) =  r 1
 1  tan r
 2
, then compute Lim
 n 
f (n, )

n
   2 tan  
Sol. f (n,0)    1  tan 2 r   use tan 2  1  tan 2  
r 1  2 

     
f(n, ) =  1  tan 2  1  tan 2 2  ...... 1  tan 2 n 
 2   2   2 

  
2 tan 2 tan 2 2 tan 3
= 2. 2 . 2 ........
tan  tan  tan 
2 2

2n tan
2n
f(n, ) =
tan 

 tan
Lim 2n  

tan  n tan 
n

Bansal Classes Limits, continuity & Differentiability of Functions [54]

 cos 2x  (1  3x)1/ 3 3 4cos3 x  n(1  x)4

2 4
Q.24 L = Lim
x 0 x

If L = a/b where 'a' and 'b' are relatively primes find (a + b).

cos 2x  (1  3x)1/ 3 3 4cos3 x  n(1  x)4


Sol. Lim 2 4
x 0 x

x 2

 cosh( / x)  et  e t
Q.25 Lim   where cosh t =
x   cos(  / x)  2

t2 t3
Sol. et  1  t   .......
2! 3!

 t t2 3
put  t e  1  t    ......
x 2! 3!

2 / t 2
 e t  e t 
Lim 
t 0  2cos t  

 e t  e  t  2 2  2cos t    2 
Lim  2 
t 0  2cos t  t 
e

 2 t4 
 2 2t / 2! 2 ...... 2cos t   2 
Lim  4!  2 
t 0  2cost  t 
e  

2 2 4sin 2 t / 2 2
L im ...... .
t 0 2! 4 t2 / 4 2cos t
e

 2  2 2
e
2
e

 e t  e  t 2 2(1cos t)   2
Lim  2
t 0  2cos t t
(II) Alt: e
2 e t  e  t  2 4sin 2 t / 2
Lim 
2 t 0 t2 t2
e
2 2
e / 2(11)
 e

Bansal Classes Limits, continuity & Differentiability of Functions [55]

 f (x) x(1  a cos x)  bsin x
Q.26 f(x) is the function such that Lim  1 . If Lim = 1, then find the value
x 0 x x  0 (f (x))3

of a and b.

f (x) x(1  a cos x)  b sin x

Sol. Lim 1 Lim 1
x 0 x x 0 x3
sin x
x(1  a cos x)  bsin x 1  a cos x  b
Lim 1 Lim x
x 0 (f (x))3 x 0 x2
b tan x
1  a cos x 
Lim x
3
x 0 (f (x)) 1 + a – b = 0 b = 1 +a
x2
x3

 x 2 x4 x6  b  x3 x 5 
1  a 1    ....  x   .....
 2! 4! 6!  x  3! 5!  1  a cos x  (1  a)
sin x
Lim x
x 0 (f (x))3 Lim
x2 x 0 x 2
x3

sin x  sin x 
1  a  cos x  
constant = 1 + a – b = 0 ...(1) x  x 
Lim
x 0 x2

a b
coeff. of x2 =  1 ...(2)
2 6

– 3a + b = 6 ...(2)
–2a + 1 = 6  a = – 5/2 | b = – 3/2
Q.27 Through a point A on a circle, a chord AP is drawn & on the tangent at A a point T is taken such
that AT = AP. If TP produced meet the diameter through A at Q, prove that the limiting value of AQ
when P moves upto A is double the diameter of the circle.

when P  A AQ 
Sol. 
TA sin(   )  
sin   
  2  0 2 
 sin 
AQ  ...(1)
cos 

 
AP =  = 2r cos  2   = 2r sin 2 when P  A
 2
2r sin 2.sin  
AQ = = 4r sin2 
cos  2
Bansal Classes Limits, continuity & Differentiability of Functions [56]
 Alt :- gemetrically:-

AQ = AS + SQ

0
in TAQ  Q =
2

in PSQ 
Q
Q = P =
2
SQ = PS
as P  A  SP = SA = 2r = SQ  AQ = AS + SQ = 2r + 2r = 4r
Q.28 Using Sandwich theorem, evaluate

 1 1 1 1 
(a) Lim  2    .......  
n 
 n n2  1 n2  2 n 2  2n 

1 2 n
(b) Lim 2
 2
 ..... 
n  1  n 2n n  n2

1 1 1
Sol. 2
 

1 n 1 n 1 n2

2 2 2
2
 

nn 2 n 1 n2

3 3 3
2
 

nn nn 1 n2

n(n  1) n(n  1)
2
 Sn 
2(n  n ) 2(1  n 2 )

1 1 1
(a)  
2 
n  2n n n2

1 1 1
 
2 
n  2n n 1 n2

2n 2n
 Sn 
n 2  2n n2

t =2

Bansal Classes Limits, continuity & Differentiability of Functions [57]

  x2 1 
Q.29 Find a & b if : (i) Lim   ax  b   0 (ii) Lim  x 2  x  1  ax  b   0
x 
 x 1  x  
 

 x2 1 
Sol. Lim   ax  b   0 D(Dr) > D(Nr)
x 
 x 1 

x 2 (1  a)  (b  a)x  (1  b)
(a) Lim
x x 1

1–a=0 ...(1)  (a = 1)
– (b + a) =0 (2) – b – 1 = 0 (b = – 1)

(b) Lim  x 2  x  1  ax  b   0
x  

x=–h

Lim h 2  h  1  ah  b (a < 0)  – 
h

(h 2  h  1)  (a 2h 2  b 2  2abh)
Lim
h
h 2  h  1  (ah  b)

(1  a 2 )h 2  h(1  2ab)  1  b 2
Lim
h
h 2  h  1  (ah  b)

1 – a2 = 0 ....(1) a = ± 1  a = – 1 (a  1)

1  2ab
 0 ...(2) 1 – 2b = 0  b = 1/2
1 a

1
Alt:- Put x = –
y

1 1 a
Lim 2  1   b
y0 y y y

y 2  y  1  a  by
Lim = y2 + y + 1 – (a – by)2
y 0 y

Bansal Classes Limits, continuity & Differentiability of Functions [58]

  1 1  L  153
Q.30 If L = Lim    then find the value of .
x 0  n(1  x) 2  L
 n(x  1  x ) 

 1 1 
Sol. L  Lim   
 n(1  x) n(x  1  x ) 
x 0 2

put x = – x ( x  0, we can put x = – x)

 1 1 
L  Lim   
 n(1  x) n( 1  x  x ) 
x 0 2

Adding both:

1 1 1 1
2L  L im   
x 0 n(1  x) n(1  x) n(x  1  x 2 ) n( (1  x 2  x) )

n(1  x 2 )  n(1  x 2  x 2 ) 
2L  L im  
x 0 n(1  x)n(1  x)  n(x  1  x 2 )n( 1  x 2  x) 

= 0 ( Nr is absolute zero)

n(1  x 2 ) n(1  x) n(1  x)

 L im .  1
x 0 x2 x ( x)

1
L=+
2

1
  153 306  1
2   307
1 1

2

Bansal Classes Limits, continuity & Differentiability of Functions [59]