ANNISSA RISKY AMALIA

1814907

26.14 Calculate the adiabatic flame temperature of CH 4 (g) at 1 atm when burned with 10% excess air. Menghitung nilai
The air enters at 25 oC and the CH4 at 300K. The reaction is. Tref =
CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) --> CO2(g) + 2 H2O(g) R=

Jawab: Menggunakan Cp
Komp
CH4(g) CO2
Reactor/Furnace H2O T? CH4
T = 300K O2 O2
P = 1 atm 79% N2 N2 N2
21% O2 Total
Out
10% excess air CO2
T = 25 C= 298.15 K
o
H2O
O2
Basis : 1 gmol feed CH4 N2
Total
Perhitungan
O2 teoritis = 2 gmol O2 x gmol CH4 = 2 gmol O2
1
1 gmol CH4 Menghitung nilai
Tref =
O2 masuk = 1.1 x O2 teoritis = 1.1 x 2 = 2.2 gmol O2 R=
O2 keluar = O2 masuk - O2 teoritis = 2.2 - 2 = 0.2 gmol Rumus Cp = a +b
memasukkan T se
79 gmol N2 2.2 gmol O2 = 8.276 gmol N2 Komp
N2 masuk = x
21 O2
CH4
1 gmol CO2 1 gmol CH4 = 1 gmol CO2 O2
CO2 keluar = x
1 gmol CH4 N2
Total
2 gmol H2O 1 gmol CH4 = 2 gmol H2O Out
H2O keluar = x
1 gmol CH4 CO2
H2O
N2 masuk di B= N2 keluar di C = 8.27619048 gmol N2 O2
N2
Total

Menghitung nilai
Tref =
R=
Rumus Cp = a +bT
ANNISSA RISKY AMALIA
1814907

memasukkan T se
Komp

CH4
O2
N2
Total
Out
CO2
H2O
O2
N2
Total

Menghitung nil
Tref =
R=
Rumus ĥ= a(T-Tre
memasukkan T se
Komp

CH4
O2
N2
Total
Out
CO2
H2O
O2
N2
Total

Sehingga didaptk
 ANNISSA RISKY AMALIA
1814907

Menghitung nilai Cp
25 oC = 298.15 K
8.314 kJ/mol.K x 1 ΔC/1 ΔK = 8.314 kJ/mol.C

enggunakan Cp/R = AT + 1/2BT^2 + 1/3 CT^3 + 1/4^DT^4

gmol T, pers A B C D T (oC) T (K) Cp/R Cp Cp dT Hf dH (J)
In
1 K 19.87 0.05021 1.27E-05 -1E-08 26.85 300 66.09397 549.5052 1016.5847 -74840 -73823.4
2.2 o
C 29.1 0.01158 -6.1E-06 1E-09 25 298.15 0 0 0 0 0
8.276 o
C 29 0.0022 5.72E-06 -3E-09 25 298.15 0 0 0 0 0
66.09397 549.5052 1016.5847 -73823.4

1 o
C 36.11 0.04233 -2.9E-05 7E-09 467.8039 3889.322 48642.13 -393150 -344508
2 o
C 33.46 0.00688 7.6E-06 -4E-09 421.2522 3502.291 43801.694 -241000 -394397
37.50658 310.6566
0.2 o
C 29.1 0.01158 -6.1E-06 1E-09 368.3932 3062.821 38305.428 0 7661.086
8.276 o
C 29 0.0022 5.72E-06 -3E-09 363.6202 3023.138 37809.13 0 312915.6
1621.069 13477.57 168558.38 -73820

Menghitung nilai Cp
25 oC = 298.15 K
8.314 kJ/mol.K x 1
umus Cp = a +bT + cT^2 + dT^3 (sesuai yg ada di Himmel blau, pada appendix dan persamaan 23.11
emasukkan T sesuai dengan C atau K
gmol T, pers A B C D T (oC) T (K) Cp CpdT Hf dH (J) dH (kJ)
In
1 K 19.87 0.05021 1.27E-05 -1E-08 26.85 300 21.22707 39.27007 -74840 -74800.7 -74.8007
2.2 o
C 29.1 0.01158 -6.1E-06 1E-09 25 298.15 29.42045 0 0 0 0
8.276 o
C 29 0.0022 5.72E-06 -3E-09 25 298.15 28.98246 0 0 0 0
79.62998 -74.8007

1 o
C 36.11 0.04233 -2.9E-05 7E-09 97.42637 279705.3 -393150 -113445 -113.445
2 o
C 33.46 0.00688 7.6E-06 -4E-09 29.89261 85819.9 -241000 -310360 -310.36
2895.94 3169.09
0.2 o
C 29.1 0.01158 -6.1E-06 1E-09 43.51868 124939.5 0 24987.91 24.98791
8.276 o
C 29 0.0022 5.72E-06 -3E-09 13.63677 39150.36 0 324015.9 324.0159
11.48 184.4744 -74.8011

Menghitung nilai Cp
25 oC = 298.15 K
8.314 kJ/mol.K x 1
umus Cp = a +bT + cT^2 + dT^3
 ANNISSA RISKY AMALIA
1814907

emasukkan T sesuai dengan K

gmol T, pers A B C D T (oC) T (K) Cp CpdT Hf dH (J) dH (kJ)
In
1 K 19.87 0.05021 1.27E-05 -1E-08 26.85 300 21.22707 39.27007 -74840 -74800.7 -74.8007
2.2 o
C 29.1 0.01158 -6.1E-06 1E-09 25 298.15 29.42045 0 0 0 0
8.276 o
C 29 0.0022 5.72E-06 -3E-09 25 298.15 28.98246 0 0 0 0
79.62998 -74.8007

1 o
C 36.11 0.04233 -2.9E-05 7E-09 87.29126 211037.1 -393150 -182113 -182.113
2 o
C 33.46 0.00688 7.6E-06 -4E-09 36.25963 87662.01 -241000 -306676 -306.676
2442.62 2715.77
0.2 o
C 29.1 0.01158 -6.1E-06 1E-09 41.99485 101527.6 0 20305.52 20.30552
8.276 o
C 29 0.0022 5.72E-06 -3E-09 19.67557 47568.04 0 393682.2 393.6822
185.2213 -74.8012

Menghitung nilai Δĥ sesuai dengan persmaan di himmel blau 23.12

25 oC = 298.15 K
8.314 kJ/mol.K x 1
umus ĥ= a(T-Tref) +1/2b(T^2-Tref^2) + 1/3c(T^3-Tref^3) + 1/4d(T^4-Tref^4)
emasukkan T sesuai dengan K
gmol T, pers A B C D T (oC) T (K) ĥ=CpdT Hf (J/gmol) dH (J) dH (kJ)
In
1 K 19.87 0.05021 1.27E-05 -1E-08 26.85 300 66.09397 -74840 -74773.9 -74.7739
2.2 o
C 29.1 0.01158 -6.1E-06 1E-09 25 298.15 0 0 0 0
8.276 o
C 29 0.0022 5.72E-06 -3E-09 25 298.15 0 0 0 0
11.48 -74.7739

1 o
C 36.11 0.04233 -2.9E-05 7E-09 106803 -393150 -286347 -286.347
2 o
C 33.46 0.00688 7.6E-06 -4E-09 83213.96 -241000 -315572 -315.572
1870.95 2144.1
0.2 o
C 29.1 0.01158 -6.1E-06 1E-09 66834.5 0 13366.9 13.3669
8.276 o
C 29 0.0022 5.72E-06 -3E-09 62079.08 0 513778.3 513.7783
11.48 -74.7739

ehingga didaptkan nilai Flame Temperatur sebesar 2144.09989 K

ANNISSA RISKY AMALIA
1814907

dH (kJ)

-73.8234
0
0
-73.8234

-344.508
-394.397
7.661086
312.9156
-73.82
ANNISSA RISKY AMALIA
1814907

26.15 A gas is burned with 300% excess air with the gas and air entering the combustion chamber at 25 oC. Menghitung n
What is the theoretical adiabatic flame temperature achieved in oC? Tref =
R=

Jawab: Rumus ĥ= a(T

memasukkan
T = 25 oC C CO2 Komp
A Reactor/Furnace H2O T? In
(%) CH4(g) 40 O2 A
CO (g) 40 79% N2 N2 CH4
H2(g) 20 21% O2 CO
B H2
300% excess air B
T = 25oC= 298.15 K O2
N2
Basis : 1 gmol A Total
Reaksi yang terjadi : Out, C
Asumsi konversi 100% dan pembakaran sempurna CO2
1 CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) --> CO2(g) + 2 H2O(g) H2O
O2
2 CO(g) + 1/2 O2(g) --> CO2 (g) N2
Total
3 H2(g) + 1/2 O2(g) --> H2O(g)
Sehingga dida
Perhitungan
Reaksi 1
CH4 = 40 % x A = 0.4 x 1 = 0.4 gmol CH4
O2 teoritis = 2 gmol O2 x 0.4 gmol CH4 = 0.8 gmol O2
1 gmol CH4
CO2 = 1 gmol CO2 x 0.4 gmol CH4 = 0.4 gmol CO2
1 gmol CH4
H2O = 2 gmol H2O x 0.4 gmol CH4 = 0.8 gmol H2O
1 gmol CH4

Reaksi 2
CO = 40 % x A = 0.4 x 1 = 0.4 gmol CO
O2 teoritis = 0.5 gmol O2 x 0.4 gmol CO = 0.2 gmol O2
1 gmol CO
CO2 = 1 gmol CO2 x 0.4 gmol CO = 0.4 gmol CO2
1 gmol CO
H2O = 0 gmol H2O x 0.4 gmol CO = 0 gmol H2O
1 gmol CO
ANNISSA RISKY AMALIA
1814907

Reaksi 3
H2 = 20 % x A = 0.2 x 1 = 0.2 gmol H2
O2 teoritis = 0.5 gmol O2 x 0.2 gmol H2 = 0.1 gmol O2
1 gmol H2
CO2 = 0 gmol O2 x 0.2 gmol H2 = 0 gmol CO2
1 gmol H2
H2O = 1 gmol O2 x 0.2 gmol H2 = 0.2 gmol H2O
1 gmol H2

Total Keb O2 = O2 (R.1 + R.2 + R.3)

= 1.1 gmol
O2 masuk di B = 4 x O2 teoritis
= 4 x 1.1 = 4.4 gmol O2

79 gmol N2 4.4 gmol O2 = 16.55 gmol N2

N2 di B = x
21 O2

Produk di C (Total Keluar)

CO2 di C = CO2 (R1 + R2 + R3)
= 0.8 gmol
H2O di C = H2O (R1 + R2 + R3)
= 1 gmol
O2 sisa di C = O2 masuk - O2 teoritis
= 3.3 gmol
N2 di C = 16.552381 gmol
 ANNISSA RISKY AMALIA
1814907

nghitung nilai Cp
25 oC = 298.15 K
8.314 kJ/mol.K x 1 ΔC/1 ΔK = 8.314 kJ/mol.C

mus ĥ= a(T-Tref) +1/2b(T^2-Tref^2) + 1/3c(T^3-Tref^3) + 1/4d(T^4-Tref^4)

masukkan T sesuai dengan K
gmol T, pers A B C D T (oC) T (K) ĥ=CpdT Hf (J/gmol) dH (J) dH (kJ)

0.4 o
C 19.87 0.05021 1.27E-05 -1E-08 25 298.15 0 -74840 -29936 -29.936
0.4 o
C 28.95 0.00411 3.55E-06 -2E-09 25 298.15 0 -110520 -44208 -44.208
0.2 o
C 28.84 7.5E-05 3.29E-06 -9E-10 25 298.15 0 0 0 0

4.4 o
C 29.1 0.01158 -6.1E-06 1E-09 25 298.15 0 0 0 0
16.55 o
C 29 0.0022 5.72E-06 -3E-09 25 298.15 0 0 0 0
-74144 -74.144

0.8 o
C 36.11 0.04233 -2.9E-05 7E-09 36244.006 -412920 -301341 -301.341
1 o
C 33.46 0.00688 7.6E-06 -4E-09 27524.619 -241826 -214301 -214.301
711.7179 984.8679
3.3 o
C 29.1 0.01158 -6.1E-06 1E-09 23509.565 77581.57 77.58157
16.55 o
C 29 0.0022 5.72E-06 -3E-09 21985.756 363916.6 363.9166
-74144 -74.144

hingga didapatkan nilai Flame temperature pada aliran C adalah 711.718oC

26.23 Formaldehyde can be made by the oxidation of methanol (CH 3OH). If stoichiometric amounts of
CH3OH(g) and O2(g) enter the reactor at 100 oC, the reaction is complete, and the products leave
the reactor at 200 oC, calculate the heat that is added or removed from the reactor per mole
of CH3OH(g) fed to the reactor. The reaction is CH3OH(g)+ 1/2 O2(g) --> H2CO(g)+ H2O(g)
Jawab:

T = 100 oC C H2CO
A Reactor/Furnace H2O T = 200oC
CH3OH(g)

O2(g)
B
T = 100 C= 373.15 K
o

Basis : 1 grmol CH3OH(g)

Reaksi yang terjadi :
Asumsi konversi 100%
O2 = 0.5 gmol O2 x 1 gmol CH3OH = 0.5 gmol O2
1 gmol CH3OH
H2CO = 1 gmol CO2 x 1 gmol CH4 = 1 gmol CO2
1 gmol CH4
H2O = 1 gmol H2O x 1 gmol CH4 = 1 gmol H2O
1 gmol CH4
Menghitung nilai Cp
Tref = 25 oC = 298.15 K
R= 8.314 kJ/mol.K x 1 ΔC/1 ΔK = 8.314 kJ/mol.C

Rumus ĥ= a(T-Tref) +1/2b(T^2-Tref^2) + 1/3c(T^3-Tref^3) + 1/4d(T^4-Tref^4)

memasukkan T sesuai dengan K
Komp gmol T, pers A B C D T (oC) T (K) ĥ=CpdT
In
CH3OH 1 o
C 42.93 0.08301 -1.9E-05 -8E-09 100 373.15 5127.7005
O2 0.5 o
C 29.1 0.01158 -6.1E-06 1E-09 100 373.15 2426.2234
Out, C
H2CO 1 o
C 34.28 0.04268 0 -9E-09 8787.663
200 473.15
H2O 1 o
C 33.46 0.00688 7.6E-06 -4E-09 6483.2076
Total

Q = ΔH
Q = dH prod - dHreak
= -147.54 kJ/gmol CH3OH
Hf (J/gmol) dH (J) dH (kJ)

-201250 -196122 -196.122

0 1213.112 1.213112
-194.909
-115890 -107102 -107.102
-241826 -235343 -235.343
-342445 -342.445
Menghitung nilai Cp
Tref = 25 oC = 77 F = 298.15 K
R= 8.314 kJ/mol.K x 1 ΔC/1 ΔK = 8.314 kJ/mol.C

Rumus ĥ= a(T-Tref) +1/2b(T^2-Tref^2) + 1/3c(T^3-Tref^3) + 1/4d(T^4-Tref^4)

memasukkan T sesuai dengan K
Komp lbmol gmol T, pers A B C D T(C) T(K)
In
CH4 0.0625 28.34938 K 19.87 0.05021 -1.27E-05 -0.000000011 260.1833 533.3333
N2 0.940476 426.5906 o
C 29 0.002199 5.72E-06 -2.871E-09 260.1833 533.3333
O2 0.25 113.3975 o
C 29.1 0.01158 -6.08E-06 1.311E-09 260.1833 533.3333
Total 1.252976 568.3375
Out
CO2 0.0625 28.34938 o
C 36.11 0.04233 -2.89E-05 7.4464E-09
O2 0.125 56.69875 o
C 29.1 0.01158 -6.08E-06 1.311E-09
1093.517 1366.667
N2 0.940476 426.5906 o
C 29 0.002199 5.72E-06 -2.871E-09
H2O 0.125 56.69875 o
C 33.46 0.00688 7.6E-06 -3.593E-09
Total 1.252976 568.3375

Q = ΔH
Q = dH prod - dHreak
= 5,806.93 btu/lbmethane (di KUNCI 6100 btu/lb methane yg dibakar)

Methane 1 lb = 0.0625 lbmol

 1 lbmol = 453.59 gmol
1 kJ = 0.948 btu

T (oF) T (R) ĥ=CpdT Hf (J/gmol) dH (J) dH (kJ) dH(btu)

500 960 8852.454 -74840 (1,870,705.69) (1,870.71) (1,773.43)

500 960 7221.765 3,080,736.88 3,080.74 2,920.54
500 960 7746.431 878,425.95 878.43 832.75
2,088.46 1,979.86

58404.13 -412920 (10,050,303.43) (10,050.30) (9,527.69)

37418.12 2,121,560.91 2,121.56 2,011.24
2000 2460
35263.61 15,043,122.94 15,043.12 14,260.88
45148.29 -241826 (11,151,380.54) (11,151.38) (10,571.51)
(4,037,000.12) (4,037.00) (3,827.08)

ethane yg dibakar)