Machinery Lubrication March April 2019 PDF

March - April 2019
THIS ISSUE SPONSORED BY:
www.sdtultrasound.com
ML
March-April 2019
TABLE OF CONTENTS
OIL ANALYSIS 14 AS I SEE IT

How the IIoT Is Changing Condition Monitoring
Intelligent Decimation: Closing the Gaps While the industrial internet of things (IIoT) will not make all other forms of
Between Vibration and Oil Analyses condition monitoring obsolete, it is a powerful enabler.
2
HYDRAULICS 22
What You Should Know About
Hydraulic Flow Dividers
LUBE-TIPS 34
IN THE TRENCHES 38
Understanding Your Bearings COVER STORY
Prior to Lubrication Creating a Culture of Lubrication Excellence and
Reliability-Centered Maintenance
Follow the journey of the Ingredion plant in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, as it
develops a culture of lubrication excellence and reliability-centered maintenance.
8
PERSPECTIVE 42
Modern Methods for Monitoring
Water Contamination
TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION 48

Certification Helps City of Chandler
Achieve Longer Asset Life
BACK PAGE BASICS 52

Particle Counts: What They Mean and
How to Use Them
EDITORIAL FEATURES DEPARTMENTS 46 Test Your Knowledge

32 Get to Know 30 Product News 47 Bookstore
37 Now on MachineryLubrication.com 36 Product Supermarket
Jim Fitch | Noria Corporation
AS I SEE IT Maintenance and Reliability
How the IIoT Is Changing

Condition Monitoring
“The IIoT The industrial internet

of things (IIoT) and
does not and Industry 4.0 are
already unleashing
cannot make enormous value in plants around the
all other forms world. It seems that today’s younger,
digital workforce is the energy that
of condition propels this change. Past efforts had
been sluggish to say the least.
monitoring Modern consumer products
have put connected devices in our
obsolete, but it pocket, on our wrist, in our ears, in
is a powerful our car and throughout our home.
IoT is projected to deliver between
enabler.” $1.9 and $4.7 trillion of economic
value by 2025. The IIoT for asset
monitoring is expected to produce
$200-$500 billion in economic value
by 2025. Condition-based mainte- Condition Control Is make agile course corrections to this
data. Data analytics is the buzz term
nance (CBM), involving real-time the New Game related to converting data into smart,
sensing and predictive maintenance, Condition monitoring describes
actionable information. When used
is viewed as the “easy win” among all the data collection function needed
to foretell a future event, it often is
IIoT applications. Many new online to sustain machine reliability. Intel-
referred to as predictive analytics.
sensors are being introduced each ligent machines and smart factories
Either way, it takes condition moni-
year (see Figure 1). require the ability to respond and
toring one step further — a very
important step. This could be called
condition analysis.
However, we’re not done, as we
need the response piece. This is the
function of doing something action-
able (real-time course corrections)
with this information. This is called
Figure 1. The plethora of new sensors in the condition monitoring space is impressive. condition response. But we’re still
This emerging trend is bound to change the field of condition monitoring forever. not done. We now need to return
2 | March - April 2019 | www.machinerylubrication.com

ML
PUBLISHER
Mike Ramsey - mramsey@noria.com
GROUP PUBLISHER
Ryan Kiker - rkiker@noria.com
Condition
of our machines and processes. Figure 2 shows
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Monitoring a simple illustration of the circular condition
Jason Sowards - jsowards@noria.com
control process. It’s time to morph condition
SENIOR EDITOR
monitoring into condition control. Jim Fitch - jfitch@noria.com
Real-time Sensing TECHNICAL WRITERS

Wes Cash - wcash@noria.com
and Edge Computing Alejandro Meza - ameza@noria.com
Today, more and more machines are fitted Bennett Fitch - bfitch@noria.com
Condition Michael Brown - mbrown@noria.com
Control with onboard “edge computing” or distributed
Matthew Adams - madams@noria.com
intelligence. Data is still fed to the cloud or a Devin Jarrett - djarrett@noria.com
Condition
Response centralized location, but decisions can be made
GRAPHIC ARTISTS
locally. There’s also artificial intelligence (AI),
Patrick Clark - pclark@noria.com
which involves computers powered by sophis- Josh Couch - jcouch@noria.com
ticated, self-learning software using algorithms
ADVERTISING SALES
Condition that mimic human intelligence. AI is more
Analysis Tim Davidson - tdavidson@noria.com
common in consumer products but is still in 800-597-5460, ext. 224
its infancy in industrial product applications, Teresa Dallis - tdallis@noria.com
especially condition monitoring. 800-597-5460, ext. 256
Figure 2. Condition monitoring is only the
data acquisition stage of condition control More practical and effective is augmented CORRESPONDENCE
(sustained reliability). Condition analysis intelligence. With augmented intelligence, the You may address articles, case studies,
converts this data into meaningful infor- human’s super-computer (brain) teams with special requests and other correspondence to:
mation about the state of the machine. man-made computers to collect and convert Editor-in-Chief
Condition response puts this information MACHINERY LUBRICATION
to work by converting it into actionable data to actionable information. For instance, Noria Corporation
course corrections, executed either by visual operator inspection data that is scanned or 1328 E. 43rd Court • Tulsa, Oklahoma 74105
Phone: 918-749-1400 Fax: 918-746-0925
humans or autonomously by the machine. keyed into a handheld device can be augmented Email address: editor@noria.com
by pairing it with data generated from online
to condition monitoring to confirm that we condition monitoring sensors. See Figure 3 for
have positive feedback to these actions. Did a simple visual on augmented intelligence.
MACHINERY LUBRICATION Volume 19 - Issue 2 March-April
2019 (USPS 021-695) is published bimonthly by Noria Corpo-
the course correction really work to remedy a In real time, this data can dictate machine ration, 1328 E. 43rd Court, Tulsa, OK 74105-4124. Periodicals
postage paid at Tulsa, OK and additional mailing offices. POST-
problem or improve overall machine perfor- control and movement to optimize and sustain MASTER: Send address changes and form 3579 to MACHINERY
mance? Perhaps another course correction must machine health and operating conditions.
LUBRICATION, P.O. BOX 47702, Plymouth, MN 55447-0401.
Canada Post International Publications Mail Product (Canadian
be tested? These are like guidance systems that respond Distribution) Publications Mail Agreement #40612608. Send
returns (Canada) to BleuChip International, P.O. Box 25542,
The IIoT is a critical enabler that some say is to current conditions, providing adaptive London, Ontario, N6C 6B2.
long overdue. It implants sensors that are “tuned control in response to instant changes. The SUBSCRIBER SERVICES: The publisher reserves the right to accept
in” to the real-time dynamics of our machines. state of the machine is constantly monitored or reject any subscription. Send subscription orders, change of
address and all subscription-related correspondence to: Noria
After all, the failure development period (P-F and recalibrated. Corporation, P.O. Box 47702, Plymouth, MN 55447. 800-869-
6882 or Fax: 866-658-6156.
interval) can vary from milliseconds to years. Real-time sensing can be shared between
The IIoT provides the continuous vigilance the system controller (like a PLC) and the Copyright © 2019 Noria Corporation. Noria, Machinery Lubrica-
tion and associated logos are trademarks of Noria Corporation.
to the onset of anything that is changing and condition monitoring controller. This provides a All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part in any form
or medium without express written permission of Noria Corpo-
might compromise reliability and sustainability functional interface enabled by an IIoT platform ration is prohibited. Machinery Lubrication is an independently
produced publication of Noria Corporation. Noria Corporation
reserves the right, with respect to submissions, to revise, republish
Human Augmented Artificial and authorize its readers to use the tips and articles submitted for
personal and commercial use. The opinions of those interviewed
Intelligence Intelligence Intelligence and those who write articles for this magazine are not necessarily
shared by Noria Corporation.
REAL WORLD CONTENT NOTICE: The recommendations and information

provided in Machinery Lubrication and its related information
properties do not purport to address all of the safety concerns
that may exist. It is the responsibility of the user to follow appro-
priate safety and health practices. Further, Noria does not make
any representations, warranties, express or implied, regarding
the accuracy, completeness or suitability of the information or
COMPUTER-GENERATED recommendations provided herewith. Noria shall not be liable for
any injuries, loss of profits, business, goodwill, data, interruption
of business, nor for incidental or consequential merchantability or
fitness of purpose, or damages related to the use of information
Figure 3. When human intelligence is augmented by artificial intelligence, the optimum or recommendations provided.
result can be achieved.
AS I SEE IT
for mutual benefit related to machine performance and

SYSTEM (PLC) CONTROLLER reliability. Machines with autonomous control features
(current or potential) might include hydraulic systems,
Feedback & Control Action compressors, paper machines, turbines and many
Parameter Algorithm Response
Monitoring sophisticated process machine trains. The concept of
coupling condition control with system control is illus-
trated in Figure 4.
Sensors & Self-Referencing Machine Control
Transducers Knowledge & Actions/Condition
Shared Edge Computing
Shared Responses Machine- and Human-
Executed Responses
Condition Condition Condition Of course, not everything must be done in real time.
Monitoring Analysis Response Because of the complexity of some machines and the
technology limitations of many condition and oper-
ational control functions, both human and machine
CONDITION CONTROLLER responses are needed. The IIoT and online sensors can
supply the data, while data analytics can translate the
Figure 4. The Intelligent Controller-Controller Interface (ICCI) System shares data into prescriptive responses. However, the manner
PLC functions/sensing with machine condition functions/sensing. and time element of the corrective responses may vary.
This hybrid model probably makes the most sense,
MODES OF IIoT DATA-DRIVEN CONDITION RESPONSES as it is the easiest to deploy. But this is a dynamic field
that will continue to evolve as technologies advance and
Data-to-Operator Data-to-Machine machines become smarter and more agile. Examples
Avoidance Avoidance
of how humans and machines can work together are
Root Cause shown in Figure 5.
Operating Limit Settings, Avoidance Changes to: Speed, Load,
Duty Cycle, Acceleration, Temperature, Lubricant
Loads, Application, Supply, Auxiliary Filtration
Operator Handling
The Internet of Tribology
Oil is like a flight data recorder. It is exposed to the
Human Machine intimate innerworkings of the machine, seeing both the
Executed RESPONSE Executed
MODE good and bad. It’s the common medium that records
data from these exposures which might reveal health
or aberrant conditions that can induce future failure.
Human-Executed Machine-Executed Decades of research in tribology and millions of oil
Remedy Problem Remedy analysis samples have taught us that there’s gold in our
Remediation
Filter Change. Component
oil. The data that can prescribe needed actions is this
Additive Discharge, Leak Isolation,
Replacement, Fluid Change,
Alignment/Balance Correction
Derate Load gold. It is detectable and quantifiable.
The means of data acquisition should not only be
limited but also multimodal. It can be extracted from
Figure 5. This chart shows how the IIoT provides connectivity for both samples and analyzed in the laboratory, monitored
machine and human executive condition control responses. in real time with online sensors, interrogated using

RELIABLE PLANT 2019 TO FEATURE SPECIAL IIOT FOCUS
The upcoming Reliable Plant Conference & Exhibition, which is scheduled for April 16-18, 2019, in Cleveland, Ohio, will feature a special focus on
all things related to the industrial internet of things (IIoT). Attendees will have the opportunity to learn more about the IIoT in workshops, learning
sessions, roundtables and panel discussions, as well as see the latest technologies and solutions on display in the exhibit hall.
Don’t Miss These IIoT Presentations
>> Achieving a New Standard of Reliability — Matt Spurlock, Allied Reliability and Challenges in the Journey to Plant
with the IoT >> The Role of Big Data in Plant Reliability — Digitalization — Paul Muir, Mobideo
— Jeremy Drury, IoT Diagnostics, and Jon Noah Bethel, PdMA Corporation >> IIoT: The Platform for a Smart
Prescott, Scante >> Strategies for Digital Asset Management Maintenance Ecosystem — James
>> Maintenance Digitalization: Improving — James Kovacevic, Eruditio Grogan, i3 Product Development
Workforce Productivity and Compliance >> Understanding Digitalization and How >> Reliability in the Cloud: How to Deploy
— Paul Muir, Mobideo It Can Optimize Maintenance and Cloud-based Maintenance Solutions —
>> IoT Fundamentals for Non-IT Reliability Reliability — Paul Muir, Mobideo Eric Whitley, Leading2Lean
Professionals >> The Industry 4.0 Evolution: Taking >> Strategies for Integrating the Connected
— Jeff Rockwood, On Now Digital Advantage of Connected Reliability — Worker, the Connected Manager and the
>> Using the IIoT to Advance Oil Analysis Gregory Perry, Fluke Corporation Connected Machine
Effectiveness >> Panel Discussion: Common Questions — Paul Muir, Mobideo
Be Sure to Check out These Exhibiting IIoT Companies

>>Atten2 - Booth #341 >>GTI Predictive Technology Inc. - Booth #224 >>Nikola Labs - Booth #613
>>Augury - Booth #541 >>IJssel Predictive Maintenance - Booth #520 >>On Now Digital - Booth #624
>>Cohesive Solutions - Booth #344 >>IMI Sensors, a PCB Piezotronics Division - >>Pall Corporation - Booth #308
>>Dynapar - Booth #618 Booth #524 >>PsiKick - Booth #610
>>General Electric Digital - Booth #614 >>IoT Diagnostics - Booth #528 >>VIZIYA Corporation - Booth #105
>>Gill Sensors & Controls Ltd - Booth #240 >>Mobideo - Booth #131 >>VTRUS - Booth #539
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AS I SEE IT
ML
Tribology Data Other Condition

Monitoring Data portable data collectors, or examined by
• Lube Data IIoT skillful and investigative inspectors. Other
Condition • Vibration non-lubricant-related tests and inspections
• Online Monitoring • Acoustics
Sensors at the machine help complete the picture
• Thermography and establish greater confidence in what’s
• Portable Data
Collectors • Motor Current happening now (or not happening).
• Inspection • Etc. The IIoT does not and cannot make all
Data
other forms of condition monitoring obsolete,
Condition but it is a powerful enabler. Data and infor-
Control mation can reach the internet in a variety of
different ways that don’t involve imbedded
Condition sensors. This data can pass through modems or
Response
industrial gateways for analysis and storage. As
mentioned previously, the response to this data
can be autonomous (i.e., machine executed)
Condition
and human executed. See Figure 6.
Analysis
The Dawn of IIoT-enabled
Condition Control
The foundational pieces of IIoT-enabled
Figure 6. The expanded condition control model shows the IIoT as the primary condition monitoring have been advancing
source of data.
rapidly for years. Recently, enough of the pieces
have fallen into place that working systems are
beginning to show solid results. Many compa-
Condition Control Means • • Operator handling nies are waiting as others are taking the lead.
Machine Agility • • Exposures (heat, ingression, moisture, etc.) The full potential of IIoT-enabled condi-
Agility is fundamentally important. The • • Oil level, leakage tion control will evolve over the ensuing
ground is always shifting (figuratively), and decades. While it is in its infancy when
• • Grease charge
the machine must be agile and shift in viewed in contrast to this full potential, some
• Looseness
• readers are young enough to see this poten-
response. It’s like climate control. When it’s
hot outside, the air conditioner responds. tial transition to reality. Promising careers
What’s Adjusting to Change will exploit this potential, as will new and
When it’s cold outside, the heater responds.
• • Bleed-in-feed rate of new emerging companies. The field of machine
Sustained machine reliability depends on agile oil introduction
responses to operating conditions and reliability has an exciting, technology-rich
• • Oil flow rate future. It should be a great ride. ML
exposures to all things that present risk and
impair reliability. • • Sump make-up rate
About the Author
Each machine is unique from the stand- • • Grease dosage rate and frequency
Jim Fitch has a wealth of “in the trenches”
point of what might be changing and how • • Filter use (flow, performance, auxiliary
experience in lubrication, oil analysis,
agility (human or machine induced) must filter, etc.)
tribology and machinery failure investiga-
respond. Below are some basic examples: • • Oil temperature control tions. Over the past two decades, he has
What’s Changing • • Viscosity correction presented hundreds of courses on these
• • Machine age (changing vibration, heat, • • Additive replenishment subjects. Jim has also published more than
acoustic emissions, displacement, 200 technical articles, papers and publica-
• • Base oil replenishment
alignment, balance, etc.) tions. He serves as a U.S. delegate to the ISO
• • Machine operation (derating, speed,
• • Oil age tribology and oil analysis working group.
load, cycle rate, pressure, flow, tempera-
• • Filter age ture, etc.) Since 2002, he has been the director and a
board member of the International Council
• • Climate, weather, seasons • • Maintenance requisitions
for Machinery Lubrication. He is the CEO
• • Duty cycle (load, pressure, speed, flow, etc.) • • Inspection requisitions and a co-founder of Noria Corporation.
Contact Jim at jfitch@noria.com.

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hearmore@sdtultrasound.com
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COVER STORY
Creating a Culture of
Lubrication Excellence
and Reliability-Centered
Maintenance
An in-depth look at Ingredion Winston-Salem,
winner of the 2017 John R. Battle Award
By Natalie Blythe, Noria Corporation
As the recipient of the International in 1981 and produces starch and syrups from The Road to
Council for Machinery Lubrication’s corn. The plant employs approximately 100
Lubrication Excellence
2017 John R. Battle Award, Ingredion full-time Ingredion employees and contractors.
The Winston-Salem facility’s journey began
(Winston-Salem) underwent a complete trans- A unique feature of the facility is its use of in January 2009 with a lubrication program
formation in its lubricant storage and handling self-directed work groups, which empowers the assessment by Noria. After the findings of
practices, resulting in the company creating a employees to do what is necessary to make the the initial assessment, Ingredion learned a
world-class lubrication program. Following is plant run. great deal about how to make lubrication
the story of the Winston-Salem facility and “There’s a lot of ownership at this facility process improvements.
its journey to creating a culture of lubrication and in everything we do,” said Jeff Mohn, “I was on the mechanical side and went
excellence and reliability-centered maintenance. maintenance manager. “We have contractors on the tour with Noria in 2009,” said George
with us for 30-plus years, and you don’t stay Warwick, senior maintenance instrument lead.
History a contractor that long unless you really love “You’re thinking that you’re doing it right, but
Nestled in the hills of North Carolina, the where you are and what you are doing. Ingre- you’re not. When Noria gave us their final
Ingredion facility in Winston-Salem was built dion is a great place to work.” report, it was like a helping hand reaching out.”

Utilizing the Winston-Salem facility’s these neat gadgets and realize we have an
unique usage of self-directed work groups, opportunity to improve. I wanted a lubri-
Warwick, a 28-year veteran of Ingredion and cation building and was told, ‘You have
champion of the facility’s transformation, one – kind of.’ So, two years ago, I worked
decided to lead the charge for change and with the engineer manager. He asked me if
actively sought out opportunities to help facil- there were any special projects I needed. I
itate and improve reliability at the plant. He made the strategic recommendation for the
started attending the Reliable Plant Confer- lubrication building, and it was approved.”
ence & Exhibition, obtaining information and The facility took information from
ideas for implementation at Winston-Salem. the initial assessment and findings and
“If I go to a conference or training, I don’t began building and upgrading its lubri-
look at it as a conference but as an educational cants storage room with a bulk filtration
experience,” Warwick said. “I started going system. The plant also bought a thermal
to conferences to get these ideas. You see all camera and ultrasonic grease guns.
COVER STORY
you look at the foundations for RCM, one of those foundations

is a lubrication program.”
With corporate backing, the Winston-Salem facility
had Noria conduct another assessment in 2016. According
to Mohn, the plant, including Ingredion employees and
contractors, underwent an effort to change the culture
through outside training, standardizing processes, knowl-
edge-sharing and hands-on applications to promote
reliability excellence.
Working with Noria, the facility implemented a
rigorous training program for both employees and
contractors, resulting in five certifications in planning
and scheduling; two employees becoming certified in
vibration and infrared analysis; inception of a Certified
Maintenance and Reliability Professional (CMRP)
program; the creation of a reliability engineer posi-
tion; redefining and hiring a new planner/scheduling
position; and promoting Matt King, mechanical
maintenance lead, into a leadership role to continue
driving lubrication excellence.
“My new role is being a guide for the
“Back in the day, I wanted things lubricated, but it really
mechanics,” King said. “If they need help or
wasn’t a concern,” Warwick said. “So, time went by, and when
assistance, I help them through that.”
the opportunity came for me to be a supervisor, it was time
The facility ported the engineering to special
to change.”
software for effective route management and key
Prior to the shift, when there was a problem with a
performance indicator (KPI) tracking. Noria’s
machine, it was relayed over the radios, but the maintenance
engineering also identified machines that
department was not always the first responders on the scene
needed modification and associated hardware.
to investigate the issue.
“The lubricator we had would get there before we did,” When the Winston-Salem facility had
Warwick said. “We’d arrive and see it was a bearing failure. a scheduled outage in November 2017, it
We’d break the machine apart and find fresh grease. We were contracted Noria to send a team to help
lubricating just to say we were lubricating. We had no defined manage 14 pipefitters for three weeks.
routes; it was just this guy taught this guy – this is where you Utilizing Noria’s training, the plant trained
walk, this is what you do and that’s how we lived. For me, that its team on how to commission the lube
created a problem because I didn’t know where he was walking room and make machine hardware
and what he was doing.” modifications, which the Winston-Salem
A few years after the facility’s initial assessment, Ingredion crew undertook by outfitting dozens of
had several international plants adopt lubrication best practices machines themselves.
with exceptional results. These initial successes, in addition to “Training has been extremely valu-
influence from other Ingredion plants and reliability champions, able, as you can’t do the job correctly
led to corporate leadership setting a strategy for lubrication and without the knowledge, and that
improved asset management at nine North American plants. knowledge inspires good work,”
“It wasn’t just this plant that made the decision,” Mohn said. Mohn said. “We know the filtration
“Ingredion made the decision to move this way. Then we started will pay dividends in extended
bringing in people to assess what our needs were and help make lubricant and machine life, and
the lubrication program better. From there, we were able to we are measuring those impacts.
grow and start making changes in our lubrication program at Having an oil analysis program
that time.” that is configured correctly to
Mohn, who has been with Ingredion for almost two years, make actionable predictive and
believes his arrival at the facility came at the perfect time. proactive decisions, coupled
“It couldn’t have been a better time,” he said. “The reality with having in-house capabili-
is, when I came in, the company itself had made the decision ties to get immediate results, is
to focus on reliability-centered maintenance (RCM), and when extremely powerful.”

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COVER STORY
In regard to operator awareness.

t ra i n i ng , Wa r w ick “Awareness has been the biggest improvement,” King
completely agrees. said. “Everyone can see what the oil levels are. Everyone
“The training, as far who has their hands in maintenance sees the benefit of
as our group, has had the it. Operations is coming around. I know they’re noticing
biggest impact,” he noted. because we get work orders.”
“There were only a few The machine modifications have also led to increased
people who really under- awareness from operators.
stood lubrication, and the “With the visible sight glasses, we’ve gotten a ton of
ones who didn’t who actually feedback when it’s low,” Warwick said. “I’d like to get to
got the training, they realized the point where the operator could come and top it off.”
what they weren’t seeing. It’s Mohn believes one of the main factors in the
like, I know what you do, but increased awareness was the company-wide communi-
until I actually see what you’re cation during the lubrication program’s transformation
doing, I don’t understand.” and Noria’s involvement, particularly onsite. In addition
With all of these changes in to using a town-hall format as a way to communicate the
place, the Winston-Salem facility objectives to accomplish, Mohn also went to individual
has begun seeing differences in shifts and began talking to people on that level.
many aspects of the plant. The “We communicated why we were doing it and the
facility is now in a transitional phase, impact,” Mohn said. “We also talked about it from a
moving from reactive to more predic- corporate standpoint. We are working with Noria to
tive and planned work. develop an operator communications/training program
For Warwick, his daily work life so we can help our workforce better understand why we
has become more structured. are doing what we’re doing, and what our expectations
“It’s what I wanted it to be,” he are as well.”
said. “We had started seeing fewer fail- Next year the facility will be moving to more of a lean
ures, but now we see the professional mentality, which should couple well with what is being
side of it. (The lubrication technician) required of operators in terms of reliability.
has his cart, he has his lubes, and he’s “Operator care marries up with what my tasks are
making his equipment checks – I like it.” from a lubrication standpoint,” Mohn said. “You can
The facility is also starting to see a time look at a breather, sight glasses and all those things. As
savings as well. a company, we are working toward that. As a smaller
“If you have a bad lubrication program, facility, we have an advantage because things are commu-
it’s a leading indicator, but if you’re doing nicated organically. We still have a lot of training to do,
OK, it’s a lagging indicator,” Warwick said. and that’s where we are heading.”
“It’s hard to justify. It’s hard to measure
something so important that people take for Winning the Battle Award
granted. There’s still some fine-tuning, as we’re While the day-to-day changes at the plant became
not quite there yet.” visible to everyone at the facility, the importance – and
In addition to focusing on lubrication excitement – behind the transformation became more
excellence, a bonus of the journey has been the palpable after receiving notification that Ingredion
awareness sparked in the facility. Winston-Salem had won the 2017 John R. Battle Award
“In the beginning, when the lube building was for excellence in the application of machinery lubrication.
going up, everyone was curious,” Warwick said. “That trophy changed things almost immediately,
“People would ask, ‘What are you doing?’ We’d say, adding validity to and recognizing the changes we imple-
‘Building a lubrication building.’ ‘Well, what do you mented,” Mohn said. “I’m really glad we went after that
need that for?’ ‘Because we’ve got a goal to achieve.’” award. It really made a difference.”
A 24-hour surveillance system was installed
in the lube room due to its contents. Surveillance The Noria Difference
footage showed that a lot of people were going into the The Winston-Salem facility’s relationship with Noria
lube room just to see it. From that point, the curiosity has evolved since 2009, and the team realizes that a vital
grew into more awareness of the lubrication program key to the plant’s success stems from working with Noria.
and its importance for the facility. In fact, the team has “Without Noria, to get where we are now, it would take
noticed an increase in the work orders stemming from us years,” King said. “We implemented so much so fast, and

ML
ML
the continued support has helped us stay on track. We’ve On the Horizon
really been moving forward, and everyone from Noria has As the Winston-Salem facility continues its pursuit
been a really big support. It wouldn’t have been possible of lubrication excellence and reliability-centered mainte-
for us to get through it as quickly or as efficiently without nance, the team is focused on what the future holds. For
Noria. We just didn’t have the bandwidth. Even if you went King, his goals include additional training and sampling.
to the class and tried to apply all of that, you’re going to “We still have critical pieces of equipment that
miss parts. That’s why you need the support from someone need to be sampled that we’re not sampling,” he said.
outside who deals with that every day.” “We’ve got 50 samples we’re sending out quarterly,
Warwick, who has the longest relationship with Noria, but there’s always opportunity for more. As we get
echoes King’s sentiments. more efficient, we can do more. For my department,
“With our work environment, if we stopped all our we need more training as far as getting people certi-
work, it would probably take us a year to modify all the fied in vibration. I’ve been around lubrication as
machines, but that means we wouldn’t get anything else long as I remember, and there’s so much I know
done,” Warwick said. “With Noria’s help, we made some now that I didn’t know before.”
modifications online before shutdown, and then during For Mohn, all of the current changes will lead
shutdown, we made the rest of them in only one week.” to the Winston-Salem facility having a more
Mohn agrees that working with Noria made a self-sustaining existence.
significant difference, particularly when it comes to “In two years from now, the goal is to have
relationship-building. self-sustaining sections within the organization,”
“It’s the personal relationships that have been devel- he said. “The infrastructure is designed to – at
oped from a support standpoint,” he said. “I know I can some point – operate on its own. That would
call up any of the guys who’ve been here and say, ‘I have mean we need to be great – not good, but
this problem, I have this need, what do I do?’ and I know great – at root cause analysis, because that
that I will get that support. That’s probably the biggest will take what we find in our inspections,
thing for me, knowing I can do that. I know I can call up failures, etc., and put that all together and
Noria to help me and support me in that decision.” generate the right type of standard of work,
Mohn also cites the level of customer service he right type of procedures and right type of
has received from Noria as a benefit to creating that bill of materials so we have what we need
lasting relationship. when we need it.”
“I would highly recommend Noria,” he said. “If I have Mohn also would like to take the
a problem or if I have a need, the customer service has been successful elements from the lube room
incredible. We talk about the customer experience here and move them into the plant’s mainte-
all the time and developing those relationships that keep nance infrastructure.
customers coming back over and over again. I don’t have “It’s really good linkage to how it’s
anyone else I deal with that has embodied that concept all supposed to work with the right
as much as Noria. It’s that personal relationship and things in the right place, and moving
commitment. I feel like they are invested in my success, that deeper into the maintenance
and I need that.” organization,” he added. ML
Ray Garvey | I-care
OIL ANALYSIS
Intelligent Decimation:
Closing the Gaps Between
Vibration and Oil Analyses
Vibration analysis is often into an oversampled digital data or fluids at the relative speed of sound,
“Intelligent
used by reliability special- stream. Digital data is normally carrying information about the events
decimation can ists to monitor the dynamic sampled at high ultrasonic rates. that created the stress waves. The sonic
extend the range motions of machine This high-frequency digital data range waveform (DNA500) exposes
of faults detected components. Likewise, oil analysis is is decimated to a much lower forceful acceleration events including
and expand performed to examine the composi- maximum frequency based on the rolling, compression and severe sliding,
tion of fluid constituents. However, running speed of a mechanical while the ultrasonic range waveform
the types of component. Traditional decimation (DNA12) reveals friction-related
neither technique checks the actual
machines lubrication of tribological systems in is effective for extracting sinusoidal events such as slipping, polishing and
monitored.” operation. This article will explain motion, rotation, displacement and rubbing. The maximum DNA500
how sonic and ultrasonic stress wave resonance of machine components. and DNA12 values, along with the
analysis can extend vibration from Intelligent decimation operates ratios of DNA12 and DNA500, can
mechanical to tribo-mechanical on the original high sampling rate reveal tribological characteristics from
condition monitoring, thereby data before arbitrary decimation mechanical systems in relative motion.
processes destroy the high-fre-
covering important gaps between
vibration and oil analyses.
quency content. This stress wave Lubrication Regimes
analysis technique quantif ies The life of machine components
time-domain events such as impact, is largely dependent on effective
Intelligent Decimation lubrication. Besides dry contact
bearing and gear defects, slipping,
Modern vibration analyzers
rubbing, severe sliding, mechanical between components, there are
convert analog vibration signals
friction, and electrical arcing. It can four different lubrication regimes:
supplement traditional vibration boundary, mixed mode, elasto-
analysis for rotating machinery and hydrodynamic and hydrostatic
be a primary technique for other hydrodynamic. Based on the load,
equipment types, such as slow- speed, lubricant and other factors,
moving, reciprocating, articulating equipment designers may select
and high-voltage equipment. 100-micron-thick, fluid-film hydro-
The intelligent decimation static and hydrodynamic planar
numerical algorithm (I-DNA) creates bearings or 1-micron-thick, fluid-
sonic and ultrasonic maximum peak film elastohydrodynamic roller
detection stress waveforms for anal- bearings. The duty cycle for machine
ysis. Event stress waves originate operation may occasionally fall into
from a point of contact or compres- a mixed mode or boundary lubrica-
I-DNA installations are easy to set up, configure and use. sion and propagate through metals tion regime, such as when the speed

OIL ANALYSIS
SONIC STRESS WAVES ULTRASONIC STRESS WAVES

Sonic DNA500 reveals forceful events including compression, Ultrasonic DNA12 compared with sonic DNA500 distinguishes hard-surface
impact and severe sliding in time domain: slip intervals in time domain:
• Rolling • Slipping
• Compression • Polishing
• Impacting • Rubbing
• Severe Sliding
N
Nominal contact area
True
contact
area
Sonic stress waves detect forceful events, while ultrasonic stress waves identify slip events.
is very slow, the temperature is high, or the

load is extreme. Since mixed and boundary
lubrication provide only partial separation
between moving parts, extreme-pressure (EP)
and anti-wear (AW) additives may be required
for optimum component performance in
these conditions.
Slip friction under dry contact is essentially
the coefficient of sliding friction. Dry slip,
boundary slip and mixed-mode slip lubrication
regimes are preferable to the alternatives where
much higher stick-friction forces lead to severe
sliding, galling and adhesion, which can cause
extreme heating and plastic deformation of
metal surfaces. These slip-friction events can be
revealed by an ultrasonic DNA12 value that is
greater than 25 percent of the sonic DNA500
value. Alternatively, plastic deformation events
typically do not slip, so the DNA12 value is
less than 25 percent of the DNA500 value.
Ultrasonic stress waves originate when
asperities and grain boundaries slide across one
another during slip motion. This occurs under
A modified Stribeck diagram showing the lubrication regimes plus dry contact for
boundary and mixed-mode lubrication regimes rolling, sliding, slipping and impacting
where the solid surfaces are so close together
that appreciable contact between the opposing
asperities is possible. Compression and Shear race or from the shaft to the journal. This
at Load-bearing Interfaces is how most work gets done in rotating
According to W.E. Campbell, “Friction
and wear in boundary lubrication are deter- Compression is the normal function under- machinery tribosystems. The forceful compres-
mined primarily by interaction between the taken by most rotating machinery components. sion is transferred from one solid element to
solids. Bulk flow properties of the liquid play Whether dynamic or static, compression another through the lubricant film by a hydro-
little part in friction and wear behavior.” loading transfers forces from the roller to the static, hydrodynamic or elastohydrodynamic

OIL ANALYSIS
lubrication regime. When operating within Cold oil is difficult to pump and may not drip happen, and when they do, the lubrication
the design conditions, compression loading is while viscosities are elevated. Grease mixing regime changes from hydrodynamic or elas-
passed from one member to the next while the is a significant problem when the resulting tohydrodynamic to boundary and mixed
fluid film separates the load-bearing surfaces, substance does not lubricate well. Foam will modes. This temporary condition may work
thereby avoiding wear and minimizing friction not transfer heat, and air does not lubricate. for a while, but eventually it will lead to
and shear. The remaining hot oil also degrades, varnishes surface damage. Extreme-pressure additives
At times, the interfacial shear load transfer and provides poor lubrication. function well on hardened steel surfaces
is normal. However, in other systems, the Low viscosity can lead to inadequate to minimize shear and avoid the onset of
shear load transfer can be a serious problem lubrication as well. It is often caused by galling and severe sliding wear.
leading to shortened component life. This misapplication (wrong oil), dilution or an Compression loads are supported by the
is especially true for reciprocating pistons, elevated temperature. A viscosity change lubricant film strength. This film strength
slides, glides, thrust bearings and journal may indicate the use of an incorrect or is powered by the fluid and machine speed.
bearings. Again, hydrodynamic and hydro- potentially ineffective lubricant. Dilution of While a high load with a high speed can
static lubrication regimes enable long life the lubricating oil by low-viscosity substances be acceptable for a certain amount of time,
through a component separation boundary such as fuel or entrained gas may result in as can a high load with a high viscosity,
enabled by fluid film strength. the viscosity dropping below what is needed galling can result from a high load with a
Articulating and reciprocating machines to support hydrodynamic or elastohydro slow speed. Likewise, a high load with a low
are difficult to monitor using traditional vibra- dynamic lubrication. viscosity can lead to severe sliding. In tribo-
tion analysis due to the perpetual direction, A temperature change will exponentially systems, there are many causes of excessive
speed and timing changes of the duty cycles. affect lubricant viscosity. For every 10 degrees loading, such as the equipment’s design,
For many of these tribosystems, oil analysis C that a machine operates above normal, one operation, twist, torque, misalignment,
must be used alone without the benefit of step in the viscosity grade (VG) is needed to component damage, etc.
vibration analysis. sustain adequate lubrication. Inadequate lubrication of machine
Bearings and gears are designed to Slow speeds may be unavoidable. Some components in relative motion can generate
transfer compression through the fluid film. hydrodynamic-lubricated machines use slip friction, rubbing wear, galling,
Shear must be effectively eliminated by hydrostatic jacking oil to lift the shaft while it impacting and severe sliding wear. Slip
the fluid film to avoid failure progression. is getting up to speed. Other machines must friction and rubbing wear typically produce
Inadequate lubrication, beginning with simply get up and go, and sometimes they broadband ultrasonic stress wave energy.
slip friction, is the primary interfacial shear must later slow down and stop. It is similar to Galling, impacting and severe sliding wear
culprit for these tribosystems. starting or stopping a speed boat with a skier are forceful events which produce strong
Using hardened steel on at least one side in tow. When the boat is not moving, the sonic stress waves that appear overwhelming
of an interface is a common practice for skier doesn’t stand on the water. Slow speeds in comparison to the ultrasonic activity.
achieving low friction and low shear, as well
as tolerance for occasional interfacial shear. 100,000
The addition of extreme-pressure or anti- 14,616
wear additives to load-bearing surfaces can
10,000
also greatly improve component life, reduce
friction and lower shear. 449
5...
VISCOSITY, CST
1,000
Inadequate Lubrication
Inadequate lubrication is a widespread 47
problem with many root causes. It generally 100 30 VG460
means the film strength has broken down,
enabling metal-to-metal contact. Common VG46
7
root problems that lead to inadequate lubri- 10
cation include insufficient lubricant, low
viscosity, slow speed or excess load.
Insufficient lubricant may involve no lubri-
1
cant, low oil, cold temperatures, incompatible 0 25 50 75 100
substances or foaming. An empty oil compart-
ment has obvious consequences. Improperly TEMPERATURE, C
filled or leaking sumps can starve a slinger
Viscosity changes with temperature
ring, pickup tube or splash-lubrication system.

Graph showing a slip event in undecimated DNA12 and DNA500 waveforms
Slip friction can be a telltale sign of inade-

quate lubrication. Rolling-element bearings are
multi-element tribosystems with many rollers,
two races and one cage. For elastohydrodynamic
lubrication between the rollers and races, the
required fluid film thickness is approximately 1
micron. For hydrodynamic lubrication between
the rollers and cage, the necessary fluid film
thickness is approximately 100 microns. There-
fore, inadequate lubrication shows up first in
the cage. Since the loading between the roller
and cage is very light, ultrasonic stress waves
may reveal slip friction before the onset of
physical damage.
Slip Contact, Sliding Contact,

Impact, Cavitation and
Turbulence
Properly lubricated tribosystems are buoyed
by lubricant film strength. Static and dynamic
compression loads are transferred between
adjacent components. Interfacial shear forces
are rendered insignificant by a strong lubricant
film. Under these conditions, the DNA500
waveform reports a strong acceleration score
corresponding to machine dynamics, while the
DNA12 acceleration score remains well below
25 percent of the DNA500 acceleration score.

OIL ANALYSIS
Slip happens when two Monitoring More Faults,

surfaces contact each other
at different speeds without a
Covering More Equipment
Intelligent decimation can extend the range of faults detected and
fully developed lubricant film.
expand the types of machines monitored. Traditional vibration analysis
Essentially, it means no metal-
reveals problems associated with belt drives, bent shafts, cavitation, gear
to-metal galling or adhesion
defects, looseness, misalignment, resonance, soft foot and imbalance.
is taking place during engage-
ment. As a result, the coefficient Oil analysis identifies problems related to lubricant chemistry, system
of sliding friction is low (less contamination and component wear. With intelligent decimation,
than 0.1), surface damage is rubbing, severe sliding and slip friction faults can be detected while
very slight and at least one of monitoring articulating, reciprocating and low-speed machines.
the surfaces is normally hard- Intelligent decimation can also be easy to implement. With simple
ened steel. Therefore, there computation, low power and narrow bandwidth requirements, it is
is negligible galling or severe suitable for long-life, battery-operated wireless sensors. These sensors
sliding, although mild rubbing can be easily mounted and automatically cloud-connected and config-
and polishing may occur. Under ured. This allows any internet-connected computer or mobile device
these conditions, the DNA12 to become a monitoring and analysis interface for reliability specialists
score intermittently exceeds 25 at any time or place.
percent of the DNA500 acceler- The I-DNA installation shown on the left detected the following
ation score. operating conditions: intermediate shaft vibration peaks and sidebands;
An I-DNA installation on a Sliding and impact contact is possible cage faults for intermediate shaft bearings; and intermittent,
gearbox a damaging condition resulting strongly modulated vibration. As shown in this example, intelligent
from inadequate lubrication under decimation is able to monitor low-speed machines by detecting occur-
compression. Surfaces are gouged and striated. Extremely high tempera- rence frequencies for high-frequency, metal-to-metal contacts. ML
tures may smear, melt, and discolor wear debris and surface materials.
Under these conditions, the DNA500 score is very high with impacts
lasting several milliseconds. During these intervals, the DNA12 scores
remain well below 25 percent of the DNA500 acceleration score.
Cavitation, fluid turbulence and electrical arcing are occasional
sources of ultrasonic vibration in industry. Cavitation results from
bubbles imploding on impellers, setting off ultrasonic shockwaves. The
fluid-structure interaction from leaking pressurized fluids can also stim-
ulate ultrasonic stress waves. Electrical arcing, corona and discharges
are another possible instigator of ultrasonic vibrations. Naturally, these
uncommon sources of ultrasonic vibration will contribute to DNA12
far more than DNA500.
The graph on page 19 includes an undecimated vibration waveform,
a DNA500 waveform and a DNA12 waveform. In this example, prop-
erly lubricated loading is evident, except from 49.7 to 50.5 milliseconds,
when a slip occurred. During this interval, the DNA12 score exceeded
25 percent of the DNA500 score. This is when a brief speed adjustment
took place. Negligible damage, if any, happened during this interval
because it was a slip and not an impact or severe sliding event. This slip
event was likely a rotation of a chain link.
Measuring Forceful Events

As mentioned previously, DNA500 is a peak-to-peak acceleration
measurement waveform. It tracks forceful acceleration resulting from
normal operation and process material movement from defect impacts
and severe sliding contact. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis
and correlation analysis of the DNA500 waveform can be useful for
differentiating periodic and non-periodic events as well as for matching
frequencies of occurrences with mechanical system movements.

Training Matters.
Don’t Starve
Your Equipment
It’s important to maintain precise oil levels for all types of equipment. When your
equipment runs low on fluids, it leads to friction, causing wear, damage and ultimately,
Visit us at Booth #320 failure. Don’t let your equipment become starved for oil when it needs it most. Learn
how to stave off oil starvation with Noria training.
MACHINERY LUBRICATION I MACHINERY LUBRICATION II

Houston, TX May 14 – 16, 2019 Houston, TX May 14 – 16, 2019
Myrtle Beach, SC June 18 – 20, 2019 Tulsa, OK September 17 – 19, 2019
Salt Lake City, Utah July 9 – 11, 2019 Phoenix, AZ November 19 – 21, 2019
Milwaukee, WI August 6 – 8, 2019 Online Always Available
Portland, Oregon September 17 – 19, 2019
Online Always Available
Training Matters. | ONLINE • ONSITE • PUBLIC COURSES | Noria.com/train

Jack Weeks | GPM Hydraulic Consulting
HYDRAULICS
What You Should

Know About Hydraulic
Flow Dividers
“The problem Flow dividers are common

components in hydraulic Crossport Relief
with flow systems. They are used Valves
dividers is whenever it is important
that even to deliver equal flow to two or more
actuators or sets of actuators in a
new actuators series. There are two types of flow
will bypass dividers: the motor type and the
different orifice type. This article will focus on
Flow Divider Outlets
the motor type, as shown on the right.
amounts of (Inlet on Opposite Side)
flow.” Motor Type
The motor type is comprised An example of a flow divider
of two or more motors (usually of each motor. However, this type of of equal displacement so the input flow
gear motors) sharing a shaft. There flow divider can be configured with is divided equally between each outlet
is a single input shared by the as many motors as needed, and the to the actuators. If the actuators are
motors and an output for each. The displacement of each motor can be also of equal displacement, this will
hydraulic symbol can be seen in the different. For example, if one motor ensure they all move at the same speed.
illustration below. has a displacement that is three times The problem with flow dividers is
If a flow divider has two motors, that of the second motor, it would that even new actuators will bypass
each of the same displacement, it be called a 75-25 flow divider. Any different amounts of flow. Regardless
is called a 50-50 flow divider, as it combination may be designed, but the of how minuscule this difference in
delivers half the flow that is input out most common are those with motors bypassing may be, the actuators can
A flow divider schematic symbol
A flow divider schematic symbol A flow divider symbol with crossport relief valves

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HYDRAULICS
be significantly out of synch after only a small indeed absorb shock, their primary purpose is
number of machine cycles due to the extreme to allow some slippage to keep the actuators
tightness of the flow divider. This is where moving in synch. When the actuator that is
adjustments come into play. bypassing the least amount reaches its stroke
limit, the actuator that is bypassing somewhat
Crossport Relief Valves more will not be quite at its limit. With the
Adjustments are made via crossport relief crossport relief valves in place, pressure can
valves. Many people assume the purpose of build in the line of the actuator that has
these valves is to absorb shock. While they will reached the end of its stroke until the crossport
The ferry ramp cylinder/flow divider
configuration
ROTALIGN® touch rocks!
O�en Copied, Never Matched!
Crossports added to the original ferry
ramp installation
Save �me, eﬀort, and cost with the most accurate
laser alignment system on the market: the ROTALIGN® touch opens. Flow can then continue to the slower
actuator and enable it to reach its limit.
A lot of flow dividers come with crossport
relief valves built in, but some do not. If the
actuators are mechanically connected, it
usually is advisable to either purchase a flow
Single-laser sensALIGN
technology
divider with built-in crossport relief valves or
add a set of crossports to the assembly.
In-situ cardan shaft While speaking at a conference a few years
alignment ago, I met a woman from the Department
Real-time simultaneous
of Transportation. After I had spoken, she
multicoupling introduced herself and said she had attended
measurement the conference in hopes of finding someone
who could offer some advice on a ferry ramp
intelliSWEEP, vertiSWEEP
that had recently been installed. Since my
and Live Trend analysis
topic included hydraulic troubleshooting, she
thought I might be able to assist.
The ferry ramp was a relatively simple
hydraulic system but of a rather unique and
expensive design. Two enormous cylinders
were mounted on the ocean floor to lift and
www.rotalign-touch.rocks lower the ramp. Since the cylinders had to be
installed by divers, each one cost more than
PRUFTECHNIK Inc. | Philadelphia | Montreal | 1-877-778-3832 | info.na@pru�echnik.com
$1 million.
After installation, the ferry ramp worked
very well. The ramp would lift, the ferry would
move under it, and then the ramp would lower
Machinery Lubrication.indd 1 06.02.2019 08:21:55

ML
onto the ferry so vehicles could be driven sure to one side. Typically, when the flow About the Author
aboard. Once the ferry had been loaded, the divider and crossports are part of the original Jack Weeks is a hydraulic instructor and
ramp was lifted, and the ferry proceeded to design, their recommended setting will be consultant for GPM Hydraulic Consulting.
the island. provided. In the absence of designer specifi- Since 1997 he has trained thousands of
After only a couple of months, signifi- electricians and mechanics in hydraulic
cations, I recommend the crossports be set
cant vibration was observed. Before long, troubleshooting methods. Jack has also taught
approximately 200-400 pounds per square
the ramp had to be shut down for fear radio-wave propagation for the U.S. Air Force
the mechanical infrastructure would be inch higher than the pressure required to and telecommunications equipment opera-
damaged because it was twisting toward move the heaviest load at each output of the tion and repair for the Central Intelligence
one side. Plans were made to replace one of flow divider. ML Agency at American embassies overseas.
the million-dollar cylinders after only a few
months of operation.
The representative from the Depart-
ment of Transportation was now asking me
whether I had an idea of anything else that
could be causing the vibration? I agreed to
help and asked if she could provide some
schematics of the system. She emailed me
a file with the schematic. The design was
about what I expected. Downstream of
the power supply and four-way directional
valve, a flow divider and two cylinders were
shown, similar to the illustration at the top
of page 24.
What I did not see on the schematic
was a set of crossport relief valves at the
flow divider. Often, crossport relief valves,
while in place, may not be drawn on the
schematic, so I asked her to verify their
presence. It turned out the crossports had
u s at
been omitted from the system, and the Find 19
a 20
baum A3,
small difference in cylinder bypass had
Gear-up for efficiency. H a ll 2 4 4

rendered them out of synch.
h
B oo t
I recommended a set of crossports be
installed so when the first cylinder reached
the end of its stroke, its associated crossport
would open and allow the second cylinder to
complete its stroke before stopping the move-
ment of the ramp, as illustrated on page 24.
Once the crossport relief valves were added, Industrial gear oils are transformed with Evonik’s NUFLUX™
technology. Geared for higher performance with lower
the cylinders synched up and all vibration formulation cost, Evonik additive technology provides a
ceased. A million-dollar cylinder replace- premium solution backed up by OEM approvals, industry
ment was avoided by installing a $200 set standards and performance tests. With NUFLUX™ technology,
you’ll find a broad range of viscosity grades suitable for a
of crossports.
variety of demanding industrial gear applications.
Cautions and The Oil Additives specialists at Evonik―Let it flow.

Recommendations www.evonik.com/oil-additives
If crossports are built into the flow

divider, they likely will come facto-
ry-adjusted. This will work fine for most
applications, but they may not be as respon-
sive as you would like. Actuator damage is
also possible at high pressures because flow
dividers have a tendency to amplify pres-

2
0
1
9
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Who Attends?
Machinery Lubrication 2019 is a magnet for drawing
industry professionals at every level. Whether you
are entry-level or a seasoned professional, Machinery
Lubrication is the place for you. Join decision-making
oil analysis, lubrication and reliability professionals
from industries such as automotive, petro-chemical,
power generation, pulp and paper, manufacturing, fleet
and off-highway. Attendees will also include reliability
engineers, reliability professionals, lubrication profes-
sionals, lubricant analysts and more.
Just Brought Our Own Oil Lab In-House,

And This Was A Perfect Reason To Attend.
- ALVIN TORO METRA COMMUTER RAIL
Top 5 Reasons to Attend
Machinery Lubrication covers every facet of
machinery lubrication and oil analysis in one four-
day event.
1. Discover solutions that you can implement

immediately: Get up close and personal
with innovative technologies and services
designed to improve your facility.
Why Machinery Lubrication 2019?
2. Put your facility on the path to lubrication For more than 20 years, Noria has established itself as
excellence: Learn about lubrication best the global, trusted authority in machinery lubrication.
practices to sustain your facility’s lubrica- Our decades of lubrication training experience, cou-
tion and oil analysis program. pled with more than 18 years of publishing Machinery
Lubrication magazine, has created a greater need for a
3. Expand your network: Grow powerful con- conference solely dedicated to the machinery lubrica-
nections that allow you to share ideas and tion and oil analysis industry. That’s where Machinery
best practices. Lubrication 2019 comes in.
4. Encounter new vendors and services: Industry professionals, like you, are seeking solutions
Keep our industry thriving by staying for lubricants and lubrication systems, contamination
current with the latest technologies and control products, oil analysis services and instruments,
information. condition monitoring tools and more. Find all the
answers to your industry problems and expand your
5. Become more valuable to your company: network at Machinery Lubrication 2019.
Learn processes to reduce downtime and
increase return on investment.
Chance To Win a Sea-Doo

Highlights
50+ Learning Sessions
Oil Analysis Focus
Pre- and Post-conference Workshops
Two Networking Receptions
45+ Exhibiting Companies
Sea-Doo Show Prize Giveaway
More Information
Machinery Lubrication 2019 will be held at the Houston Marriott Westchase November 4-7, 2019. For more infor-
mation, including registration, please visit Conference.MachineryLubrication.com or call 1-800-597-5460.
Interested in
Exhibiting?
As the first U.S.-based con-
ference solely dedicated to
lubrication and oil analysis,
Machinery Lubrication 2019 is a
magnet for lubrication, lubricant
and maintenance and reliability
professionals. These industry
professionals seek products
and services that only you can
provide. Contact us at 1-800-
597-5460 to learn more.
New Pre- and Post-conference Workshops

Machinery Lubrication 2019 features pre-conference workshops to be held
on Monday, November 4, and post-conference workshops to be held on
Thursday, November 7. Be sure to visit Conference.MachineryLubrication.
com regularly for updates on the workshops, including titles and presenters.
What’s Included?
REGISTER NOW & SAVE $300 (UNTIL AUG. 7) Full-conference Registration
Includes:
Individual Group (3-9) Group (10+)
Admission to all
$795 $695 $595

conference sessions
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REGULARLY $1,095 $400 OFF INDIVIDUAL RATE $500 OFF INDIVIDUAL RATE
Opening general session and
Add a Workshop $245 REGULARLY $295 Additional with paid full registration keynote address
Exhibition hall access
Daily breakfasts,
HOW TO REGISTER refreshments and lunches
Online: Find the most up-to-date Phone: Call us Monday – Friday,
Meet & Greet Reception/Ex-
information by visiting us at 8:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. (CDT)
Conference.MachineryLubrication.com
hibit Hall Preview and Net-
918-392-5038 or 800-597-5460 working Reception
Houston, TX Nov. 4-7, 2019 0

1
2
Conference.MachineryLubrication.com 9
PRODUCT NEWS
SYNTHETIC TRANS- BIO-BASED SPRAY GREASE CARTRIDGES ROLL COATING
3
MISSION FLUID LUBRICANT Fluoramics’ new 3- LUBRICATION SYSTEM
1 2 4
ExxonMobil’s new Mobil The EcoAir Bio-based and 14-ounce grease The new Spra-Rite roll
Delvac 1 Transmission CLP from Cortec is a cartridges are intended coating system from
Fluid 40 is formulated new bio-based lubricant to enable cleaner and faster Industrial Innovations
for year-round lubrication in an air-powered spray that is application of the company’s is engineered to provide precise
of manual transmissions in designed to dispense lubri- High Temperature Spindle and uniform lubricant coverage
light- to severe-duty, on- and cating fluid without the use of Grease and Lightning Grease. on parts prior to stamping. The
off-highway equipment flammable or ozone-depleting The cartridges, which can fit both system includes a solid roll in 12-
operating in a wide range of propellants. It is formulated to mini and standard grease guns, to 80-inch sizes, which enables
environments. Designed to meet provide penetrating, lubricating are engineered to make it easier the roller to be changed within
the most demanding extended and rust-preventing action for to lubricate high-pressure roller minutes. The external roller lubri-
drain and original equipment industrial, shop and home use. bearings where Zerk fittings are cant application feature also helps
manufacturer warranty Unlike most clean, lubricate utilized. The Lightning Grease to ease maintenance. Each roll
requirements, the transmission and protect (CLP) products, is designed for lubricating coater is designed to offer simple
fluid offers high-temperature which are made of mineral oils gears, bearings, steppers and coil-feed installation with coil or
performance, oxidation stability, and other petroleum-based robotic systems, while the High power feed capability, automatic
wear protection and corrosion solvents, the EcoAir Bio-based Temperature Spindle Grease press control communication and
control. The lubricant also meets CLP features a canola oil base. is used to lubricate high-speed 200-part recipe capability.
or exceeds the requirements Typical applications include rotating machinery, drills, appli-
of the American Petroleum in-plant machining, bar and ance motors and brake calipers.
Institute (API) MT-1 classifi- chain oiling, flange lubrication,
cation and is recommended for lock and hinge maintenance, Industrial Innovations
use in transmissions and gear and mold release. Fluoramics www.industrialinnovations.com
cases where API Service GL-1 www.Fluoramics.com 616-249-1525
through GL-4 (non-EP) gear 800-922-0075
protection is required. Cortec
www.cortecvci.com
800-426-7832
ExxonMobil 4
www.mobil.com
800-662-4525
1 3

ML
PUMP CONDITION CORDLESS SYNTHETIC MOTOR OIL METALWORKING
7
MONITORING DEVICE GREASE GUN RelaDyne’s new FLUIDS
5 6 8
Allweiler’s new IN-1000 The new Lumax DuraMAX Full Synthetic The new Metworx line of
condition monitoring RoboLuber (LX-1182) XLT is formulated to meet metalworking fluids from
device is designed to is a heavy-duty, cord- the performance requirements of Petro-Canada is intended
monitor pumps in operationally less grease gun with a patented gasoline direct injection (GDI) and to help reduce friction over a
critical and environmentally configuration to speed up turbocharged gasoline direct injec- wide range of operations. The
sensitive applications. It incor- lubrication tasks. It has a tion (TGDI) engines. Featuring fluids are available in a variety
porates one master and up to 10 maximum operating pressure extreme engine temperature of options for both general-pur-
satellite modules per network of 10,000 pounds per square performance and wear protection, pose and specific applications
to enable operators to check inch with a high flow rate the premium motor oil is specially such as milling, turning,
as many as 11 pumps at once. of up to 7 ounces at normal designed to surpass today’s engine drilling, tapping and grinding.
Built-in features include a pressures and 2.8 ounces at requirements and provide addi- The Neatcut HD 32 CF is a
two-level warning and alarm high pressures. The 20-volt tional protection for engines when medium-viscosity, neat cutting
system, logging of sensor data, lithium-ion battery can deliver the original equipment manu- fluid, while the Solcut HD
and remote monitoring with a more than six cartridges of facturer (OEM) drain interval 2500 CF is a soluble cutting
smartphone app. Operators can grease. The grease gun also is exceeded. The motor oil also oil for rapid heat removal.
assess expected performance comes with a two-speed incorporates advanced additives to The Syncut 300 HD XL and
versus actual performance on key switch for high-pressure or help prevent deposits and sludge 150 LD XL are low-foam,
indicators such as leak detection, high-volume delivery and an and keep engines clean. bio-stable, semi-synthetic
bearing temperature, vibration, integrated LED light to help fluids. Rounding out the line
suction and discharge pressure. locate hidden grease points. is the Syncut 99 FS, which is a
RelaDyne light-duty, low-foam, bio-stable
www.RelaDyne.com synthetic fluid.
Allweiler 888-830-3156
Lumax
www.circorpt.com www.lumax.com
877-853-7867 844-660-6876 Petro-Canada
lubricants.petro-canada.com
866-335-3369
7
8

GET TO KNOW
Boykin Helps
Maintain Clean Oil
at Georgia-Pacific
In 2001, Paul Boykin joined the Georgia-Pacific (GP) team and began a career in machinery
lubrication. Through the years, he has worked as a relief operator, lubrication technician, electrical
millwright and in maintenance at the GP lumber mill in Bay Springs, Mississippi. Currently
serving as the site’s only reliability-centered maintenance technician, Boykin is responsible for
the entire facility, which includes managing tasks related to hydraulics, reliability and preventive
maintenance. He has grown to love the science behind proactive and predictive maintenance,
and has learned the importance of keeping hydraulic power units (HPUs) clean, cool and dry.
Q: What types of training like for you? Q: What have been some of
have you taken to reach your the biggest project successes
current position? A: A normal day for me includes in which you’ve played a part?
conducting safety meetings with
Name: Paul Boykin
A: To reach my current posi- the reliability crew, as safety A: One of my biggest project
Age: 44 tion, I have had training in is a priority. I also check the successes was getting the oil
Job Title: Reliability-Centered the fields of welding, ultra- hydraulic hose crimping room in the hydraulic units for all
Maintenance (RCM) Technician sound, infrared thermography, and the lube oil sheds for issues 22 facilities up to the ISO
industrial hydraulics, power from the previous production cleanliness code standard and
Company: Georgia-Pacific
transmissions, laser alignment, shift. I review the production consistently maintaining it.
Location: Bay Springs, Mississippi
proactive maintenance and downtime report for potential
Length of Service: 18 years machinery lubrication. Q: How does your company
reliability issues and investigate,
view machinery lubrication
if necessary, to prevent recur-
Q: What professional certifica- in terms of importance and
ring events. In addition, I check
tions have you attained? overall business strategy?
the hydraulic units, review the
infrared and ultrasound work A: I’m extremely grateful
Be Featured in the A: My professional certifica-
tions include Level I Machine order routes, order replacement that Georgia-Pacific and the
Next ‘Get to Know’ parts, assist vendors, take oil
Lubrication Technician site management have been
Section analysis samples, and perform supportive of the reliability and
(MLT), ultrasound and
infrared thermography. root cause analysis. lubrication strategies here in
Would you like to be featured in Bay Springs.
the next “Get to Know” section Q: Are you planning to obtain Q: On what lubrication-related
or know someone who should be additional training or achieve projects are you currently Q: What do you see as some
profiled in an upcoming issue of higher certifications? working? of the more important trends
Machinery Lubrication magazine? taking place in the lubrication
A: I plan to obtain certifications A: I am currently working and oil analysis field?
Nominate yourself or fellow lubri-
in vibration analysis, hydraulics on a project to create an ISO
cation professionals by emailing a
and oil analysis. cleanliness code for oil to A: Reliability will come if
photo and contact information to keep the facility within the filtration and the logic behind
editor@noria.com. Q: What’s a normal work day standard guidelines. it are understood. ML

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LUBE-TIPS
The “Lube-Tips” section of Machinery Lubrication magazine features innovative ideas submitted by our readers.
Paper Thermometer Can Reveal Temperature Spikes

In time-critical situations where real-time infrared thermography is impractical and thermocouple/recording
equipment cannot be installed, consider temperature-sensitive tapes. These tapes are manufactured in a variety of
sensing ranges and will clearly record the peak temperature that a machine area reached since the tape was first
applied. A quick visual check is all it takes to read the "paper thermometer."
Quit Replacing Oil Seals

If you are constantly changing gearbox oil seals, check
the gearbox breather for plugging. When breathers become
clogged, internal gearbox pressure can build and find its way
out through oil seals, creating a false impression that the
seal has failed. This can become more problematic during
summer months.
Try Oil Mist for Better

Contamination Control
In bearing applications where high contamination
Did You Know? levels are a concern, consider converting grease lubrica-
Additional tips can be tion systems to oil mist lubrication. Oil mist systems are
found in our Lube-Tips slightly pressurized, helping to exclude contaminants.
email newsletter. To receive Use a pure mist system for rolling-element bearings and
the Lube-Tips newsletter,
subscribe now at purge mist for gearboxes and journal bearings.
MachineryLubrication.com.
Why Dispersancy Is Crucial for Engine Oils

Have Some Tips? Coolant contamination, overextended oil drains, water contamination, high
If you have a tip to share, blow-by, long idling, high elevation and exhaust gas recirculation can all result in
email it to the loss of dispersancy in motor oils. This loss can cause engine deposits, sludge,
editor@noria.com. impaired lubrication and oil flow. ML

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Translucent new oil is visually assumed to be clean, Trident QW3100 is a real-time sensor for moni-
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NOW ON MACHINERYLUBRICATION.COM
Find more great articles and content from Machinery Lubrication magazine online. From web exclusives and industry
news to videos, white papers, buyer’s guides and more, everything that relates to machinery lubrication is available
now on www.MachineryLubrication.com.
FEATURED How Lubricants Can Drive Savings and Productivity

WHITE PAPERS Machine failures create a ripple effect of costs and productivity loss. Some of these issues
can be mitigated by choosing a high-performance lubricant — one that can withstand time
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com is the place to turn of high-performance lubricants can be recovered through reduced breakdowns, downtime
for white papers on and maintenance costs.
a host of lubrication-
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white papers that are
Access this 1-minute, 22-second video to better understand the
currently available for
download: different industry myths and misconceptions when it comes to mounted
bearing installation and maintenance. One common lubrication myth is
• Detection of that any grease will do. This is false because not all types of grease are the
Abnormal Wear
same. Some greases are incompatible because of the different thickeners or
Particles in Hydraulic
Fluids via Electro- soaps used.
magnetic Sensor and
Particle Imaging
Technologies Understanding Lubricant Churning
• How Can a Remote Lubricant churning is one of the more common factors
Monitoring Platform that affects both bearings and gears. It occurs when the
Revamp Your PdM bearing or gear must churn through the lubricant as it
Process? performs its regular task. Check out this article on the
• Gas Turbine Align- ML site to find out how choosing the right lubricant and
ment in Less Than ensuring the appropriate lubricant level can give your
an Hour with the equipment the best chance for error-free operation.
ROTALIGN Touch
• 3 Steps to an Effec-
tive Contamination
Control Program Questions to Ask When Sourcing
Check out the full list of an Automatic Greaser
white papers by visiting Access this 3-minute, 37-second video to hear some of
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com and clicking on the an automatic greasing system. Questions include what type
“White Papers” link. of operating system best suits your needs, does the system
have high-pressure grease fittings on each individual point,
does the reservoir have a revolving paddle or a follower plate
BY THE NUMBERS
50
on top of the grease, does the system include guarding and
%
steel tubing, etc.
How to Manage Lubrication Information

Information management is a key factor in the success
of a maintenance and reliability program. It is also one of
of lubrication professionals
the most challenging aspects due to its complexity. Discover
believe their plant is not
doing an adequate job with what a proper management system should include as well as
lubrication, according to a why good information management must start with a robust
recent survey at Machinery database and detailed work procedures by reading this article
Lubrication.com on the ML site. ML

Wes Cash | Noria Corporation
IN THE TRENCHES Bearing Lubrication
Understanding Your
Bearings Prior to
Lubrication
“
The type of bearing lubricated bearings seem to be a a new bearing or determine proper
selected for operation bigger challenge than oil-lubricated relubrication activities.
in a machine deter- bearings, as the configuration tends A more recent trend is for an
mines how it should to have a greater impact on grease original equipment manufacturer
be maintained for maximum than it does oil. This also leads (OEM) to provide a generic part
A bearing number equipment life. Of course, if you to blindly applying grease to any number or claim the bearing is
Zerk fitting that may be apparent. proprietary. This requires the end
contains all installed the bearing, you should
know its type and configuration as However, just because a grease user to order spare parts from the
the pertinent well as its lubrication requirements fitting exists on a machine does not OEM or call a technical center to
prior to operation. Unfortunately, mean it should be greased or have obtain the necessary information.
information you often do not have the luxury lubricant applied. In fact, greasing In addition to maintenance
of knowing which bearings are components can actually result in a manuals, there is often a vast
needed to devise installed, especially with new or shorter life for the equipment and amount of information on the
a best-practice rebuilt equipment. This is when induce a failure mode. machine. The bearing type and
operational data may be listed on
reading the bearing number and
maintenance realizing what it is telling you will What You metal plates commonly referred to
become important. Should Know as “tags.” Although these are more
strategy for the Understanding which bearing To properly lubricate a bearing, readily found on equipment like
you must first know some key pillow-block bearings and electric
equipment.” type is installed and about to be
lubricated is one of the main issues information about it. This would motors, some pumps, gearboxes and
facing lubrication programs today. include the bearing type, whether compressors may also have them.
Frequently, this is overlooked or it has additional design features, if A shorthand code usually indicates
not given a second thought. Grease- it should be lubricated, its size and which bearing is being identified
speed, as well as if it is the original on the tag. This typically is listed
bearing or has been replaced. as drive end (DE), non-drive end
The first place most people (NDE) or opposite drive end (ODE).
look to find this information is in You may also see inboard and
a maintenance manual or on an outboard bearing or input and
equipment tag. Many manuals output. This refers to a bearing
offer all the details you need with supporting a shaft through the piece
exploded views or parts lists. Bear- of equipment. The motor’s drive end
ings generally are listed by a set of is the side that the shaft is coupled
standard numbers that identify all to the component. The back or fan
Examples of equipment tags the specifics, allowing you to order side is denoted as the non-drive end.

ML
ML
Thus, the side closest to the motor or coupling 000 AAA OO AAAA 0
is the drive or inboard side, while the other is
the non-drive or outboard side. Internal
Bore Type Width & OD Cage Shields or Seals & Modifications
Fit Up
Decoding Code Space No. Common Symbols Description
Bearing Numbers Inside diameter of bearing in milli
After the equipment tag has been located Bore 1, 2, 3 17 or 105
meters; refer to bearing catalog
and the bearing numbers uncovered, you will
Ball bearing, single row, radial,
see a series of numbers and letters. This code Type 1, 2, 3 BC
non-filling slot
is the key to unlocking which type of bearing
Ball bearing, single row, radial, filling
is in use within the machine. Depending on BL
slot
the manufacturer, the machine’s age and the
country in which it was made, the code may Ball bearing, double row, radial,
BD
non-filling slot
be displayed in different formats.
Perhaps the most widely used system Ball bearing, double row, radial,
BF
is employed by SKF bearings. It utilizes a filling slot
numeric code for the bearing’s basic desig- Width & OD 1, 2 00 6000 series bearing
nation. This will contain many of the details
02 6200 series bearing
you are most concerned about, including the
roller type, size and configuration. A series of 03 6300 series bearing
letters or numbers will also designate unique 04 6400 series bearing
features, such as the use of shields or seals and
Cage Shields or Manufacturer a standard bearing
if there are special clearances for this particular 1, 2, 3 X
Seals Modification cage
component. All of this information can be a
goldmine when developing a reliability initia- P Metal shield permanently fastened
tive, as each bearing will behave differently and S Contact seal permanently fastened
may require different maintenance activities.
Snap ring groove on OD with snap
An example of a bearing number in this G
ring
format would be 6203ZZ. This designation
Internal clearance greater than
indicates that the bearing is a single-row, deep- Internal Fit Up 1 3
standard
groove ball bearing that is for light duty with a
17-millimeter bore and shielded on both sides. AFBMA Code System for Bearings
The next designation is known as the
Anti-Friction Bearing Manufacturers Associ- repaired and you want to replace a bearing and there is no indication of it now being a
ation (AFBMA) code system. It has similar with the same style or type. maintenance-free bearing, someone may apply
components in that it utilizes an alphanumeric grease to the housing and pressurize the cavity,
system to indicate the bearing’s dimensions Guidelines for Rebuilds forcing grease into places where it shouldn’t be.
and configurations. The code starts with and Repairs Over time, the grease can build up and cause a
the bearing’s bore, which is followed by Depending on the type of equipment, you failure or contribute to a failure mechanism due
the type, width, outside diameter and any may choose to perform rebuilds in-house. This to increased heat or drag. Therefore, whenever
modifications, such as seals or shields. In this can offer better control over which replacement the replaced bearings are not the same as those
nomenclature, the bearing from the previous parts are selected and installed prior to the that were installed initially, every effort should
example would be denoted as 17BC02PP. machine being placed back into service, which is be made to document this in the computerized
Both of these systems, along with a host especially critical when replacing bearings. While maintenance management system (CMMS) or
of others, can be cross-referenced against each the same size bearing normally is put back into on the equipment.
other. Published tables are available to assist service, the bearing’s configuration may change. When repairs are made by an outside
you in looking up the details for each system. Using a bearing that is different from the type company, such as a rebuild shop, documenta-
Your spare-parts vendor can help you check listed on the equipment tag can result in a main- tion should be provided detailing which bearing
this information as well. It generally will be tenance-induced failure. was replaced and what is now in the machine.
most important to identify these numbers An example of this would be switching Many shops can also make new equipment tags
when you are performing calculations for from a bearing that must be periodically so the information on the tag can be kept up
greasing or vibration data. They also can regreased to one that is sealed and should not to date and accurate. Otherwise, an additional
be useful when your equipment needs to be be greased. If this sealed bearing is installed tag must be added to the machine stating it has

IN THE TRENCHES
been rebuilt and offering a shorthand account only will this reduce the risk of someone
of what was done or where to find information applying grease where it isn’t needed, but it can
regarding the rebuild. Working with the shop also be used by both in-house and contracted
to create an efficient process for performing teams alike.
and documenting each rebuild will be key to With some attention and effort, you won’t
knowing which replacement parts have been have to play a guessing game to know which
installed in your equipment. bearings are inside your equipment and what
When I serviced compressors, the work that means to your organization. By doing a
usually was completed after an equipment break- little homework, you can unlock a wide array of
down. The goal was to get it operating again as information to improve your lubrication program
quickly as possible. This frequently led to corners as well as your overall reliability. ML
being cut and broken parts being replaced with
ones that weren’t quite the same as the originals. About the Author
When the machine would break down again, Wes Cash is the director of technical services
another technician might replace the part with for Noria Corporation. He serves as a senior
something slightly different. This often resulted technical consultant for Lubrication Program
in a significant deviation from what the manu- Development projects and as a senior instructor
facturer intended or what was required for the for Noria’s Oil Analysis II and Machinery
machine to run at its peak efficiency. The same Lubrication I and II training courses. Wes holds SKF Bearing Numbers
thing can happen when bearings are replaced. a Machine Lubrication Technician (MLT) Level
Although changing certain bearings or their II certification and a Machine Lubricant Analyst (ICML). Contact Wes at wcash@noria.com to
configurations may produce some improvements, (MLA) Level III certification through the Inter- learn how Noria can help you determine the best
if it is done in a silo with no information dissemi- national Council for Machinery Lubrication way to lubricate the bearings in your machines.
nated to the rest of the organization, it can cause
problems in the machine.
Replacement parts should be documented on
a work order and recorded in the CMMS. While
you likely won’t want to update a bill of mate-
rials for a piece of equipment if you can’t use the
original parts, there should at least be some notes
regarding whether a part has changed and why.
This will require diligence by all parties involved.
These documents have largely been converted to
electronic forms, so it is much easier to get the
information into the hands of the people who
need it.
Finally, if you replace a bearing with one
that doesn’t require periodic relubrication, you
can ensure greasing will not create an issue by
replacing the grease fittings. This can be achieved
during a rebuild and will involve pulling the
current fitting and replacing it with a plug. Not
55%
of lubrication professionals
can read a bearing number
and understand what infor-
mation it indicates, based on
a recent survey at Machinery
Lubrication.com

Want to Become the Lubrication
Expert In Your Plant?
• Fourth edition – completely

rewritten and reorganized
to be more reader friendly
• Restructured chapters and
new sections providing more
detailed information on
specific topics
• Updated to include recent
changes in industry practices
• Improved graphics and illustrations
to make the content easier
to understand
Now Available!
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1-800-597-5460
About the Authors

Robert “Bob” Scott has more than 30 years of technical Jim Fitch, the founder of Noria Corporation has been Lloyd “Tex” Leugner, President of Maintenance Technology
experience with lubricants, lubrication and related awarded a number of patents on oil analysis instruments International, Inc., has 38 years of experience in the field of
machinery. With extensive laboratory and field experience and has published over 200 books, journal papers and industrial and mobile machinery maintenance, lubrication
in the development of lubricants, Bob has been certified technical articles. As a senior technical consultant, Jim and oil analysis, and has written over 300 articles and
as a Lubrication Specialist (CLS), Oil Monitoring Analyst has advised hundreds of companies on developing their technical papers. An international expert in preventative/
(OMA), and is also ICML MLT Level II and MLA Level III lubrication and oil analysis program. He has served as predictive maintenance and lubrication engineering, he has
certified.For the past nine years, Bob has worked for Noria U.S. delegate to ISO for oil analysis standards and is also completed audits and presented seminars for many of
Corporation as an instructor of Machinery Lubrication and active with ASTM D02 related to in-service oil analysis Canada’s major oil and gas producers, drilling companies,
Oil Analysis courses throughout the U.S. and Canada. test standards. mines, pulp and paper producers and transportation fleets.
Alejandro Meza | Noria Corporation
PERSPECTIVE Water in Oil
Modern Methods for

Monitoring Water
Contamination
Water is an important
resource in many
production plants
as well as a natural
element in the environment.
However, it is also an undesirable
contaminant when present in lubri-
“
cating oil or grease. In fact, water is
the second most common lubricant
contaminant and can cause a signifi-
cant reduction in the life of machines
and components. Therefore, it is crit-
ical to monitor water contamination
an external laboratory to perform and consistency. ASTM D6304 is
Water is the to ensure machine reliability.
an agreed-upon test slate. This currently the recommended method.
A number of different approaches
second most can be used for monitoring mois-
may also include an occasional or
exceptional sample of new or used
Results are reported in parts per
million (ppm) or percentage of
ture contamination, depending on
common the machine’s criticality, the risk of
oil being sent to the lab for a specific water. For high-viscosity lubricants or
purpose, such as quality control of formulas containing sulfur and other
lubricant failure and the available resources. the incoming lubricant or when compounds, the test results will be
These methods include laboratory oil an issue is suspected. While this
contaminant analysis, portable field instruments approach is useful, the time from
more precise if a vaporizer is used to
and tests, visual field inspections, remove water from the sample. Water
and can cause and online sensors.
when the sample is taken until the
report is read can be a limitation,
may also be dissolved in toluene.
This additional step is known as
a significant Laboratory especially if an abnormal condition is
co-d istillation. Errors due to the
present. Among the technologies that
reduction Oil Analysis laboratories employ to monitor mois-
presence of certain additives without
Although laboratory oil anal- ture include Karl Fischer titration, vaporization may be 50-100 ppm.
in the life of ysis remains the most frequently Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) Of course, no laboratory test
method is perfect, so some vari-
machines and used method of monitoring water
contamination, it doesn’t neces-
spectroscopy, relative humidity
sensors and distillation. ability in the results can be expected.
components.” sarily represent the most effective ASTM methods typically report the
approach in terms of early failure Karl Fischer Titration variability of each test in terms of
detection. With this method, oil Karl Fischer titration is the repeatability and reproducibility.
samples are taken and shipped to preferred test due to its accuracy Karl Fischer titration is no exception.

ML
LABORATORY PORTABLE FIELD UNATTENDED ONLINE

VISUAL FIELD INSPECTIONS
ANALYSIS INSTRUMENTS AND TESTS SENSORS
Portable instruments such Typically completed daily by Sensors are permanent and
Samples are sent to examining sight glasses, oil
as FTIR, calcium hydride and dedicated to a single machine
commercial lab for analysis samples, etc.
crackle test or group of machines
FULL TEST SLATE ROUTINE FIELD LAB ROUTINE DAILY REAL TIME
The results of this method generally are more

precise and consistent for moisture concentra-
tions greater than 100-200 ppm.
It is important to note that ASTM 1744
(Standard Test for Determination of Water
in Liquid Petroleum Products by Karl
Fischer Reagent) has been discontinued as
an approved test method since 2016. While
this test was somewhat easier to manage, it This spectrometer from Spectro Scientific
was not as accurate. Still, some laboratories uses FTIR spectroscopy to monitor
continue to utilize it. in-service oil.
FTIR Relative humidity sensors, such as this

Relative Humidity Sensors moisture analyzer from Arizona Instrument,
This technology has been employed to FTIR is a well-known and frequently offer an alternative to Karl Fischer titration.
used resource for lubricants. It can detect the
measure the moisture content of material
presence of contaminants such as water, fuel by heating the oil sample, which previously has
in numerous industries for years. Recently,
and soot, as well as certain additives and oil been mixed with a solvent. The water is evap-
it was introduced to the lubrication field
degradation. While there are several ASTM orated and collected in a trap. The minimum
to monitor contaminants in lubricating
methods related to FTIR and petroleum prod- amount of water that can be measured is
oils and greases. It is supported by ASTM
ucts, two are most relevant: ASTM E2412 and approximately 0.05-0.1 percent. The procedure
D7546 (Standard Test Method for Determi-
D7414. This quick, low-cost test can measure
nation of Moisture in New and In-Service should follow ASTM D95. This method does
different parameters in oil or grease samples.
Lubricating Oils and Additives by Relative not require complex test equipment, but it is
One drawback is the lower detection limit,
Humidity Sensor). Generally, an instrument labor intensive, which makes it impractical for
which is approximately 1,000 ppm. The results
heats a sample of test material and volatilizes routine oil analysis.
are reported in absorbance units for certain
the moisture, which is carried by a dry-air infrared-light wavenumbers. The laboratory
system through a sensor block containing the may also provide the moisture concentration
Portable Field Instruments
relative humidity (RH) sensor. Reagents are by percentage or in ppm. and Tests
not used. The results are reported in ppm or Field lab analysis involves the use of
percentage/micrograms of water. Studies on Distillation portable instruments in a workshop or produc-
the method’s repeatability and reproducibility In the distillation process, water is tion facility. The technology is the same as
have not yet been completed. extracted from the oil or petroleum product that utilized in the laboratory but with a more

PERSPECTIVE
Moisture Saturation Sensors

These sensors detect the dewpoint and
percentage of saturation of dissolved water
in oil. A water-permeable polymer is sand-
wiched between two flat electrodes to form
a capacitor. Water penetrates the polymer
to change the capacitance, which is used
to measure the water-in-oil concentration.
Refer to ASTM D7546 when utilizing this
technology. These are the most commonly
used sensors for moisture monitoring.
Multiple options are available for onsite infrared spectroscopy. There are also online water sensors that
measure the total water content by percentage
water bowl or oil sample.
or in ppm. They are capable of assessing
Keep in mind that only dissolved, emulsified and free water in the
emulsified and free water oil. These sensors provide similar information
can be seen, so if it is to known lab test results for water content.
visible, the concentration However, the resolution of the sensors that
is quite high. Establishing monitor total water content may not be as
inspection routines and fine or precise as the ones used to monitor
protocols as part of your water saturation.
monitoring program will
be critical. Dielectric Constant Sensors
Portable field test kits enable onsite oil analysis. This type of sensor measures an oil
Online Sensors property that changes with oxidation,
compact device. Usually only a drop of oil Online sensors can be installed contamination or wear debris. Called
is required, and results can be reported in in circulation lines or reservoirs. They monitor dielectric constant or relative permittivity,
minutes. Other oil parameters besides mois- water concentration directly by a saturation this property is related to an oil’s capability
ture content may be detected as well. Cost is detector or through an indirect parameter to store an electric field. These sensors can
the main downside with this approach. such as the oil’s dielectric constant. This detect changes in the oil’s condition due
The calcium hydride kit is a common strategy may offer the best alternative in terms to degradation or contamination. They
field test device. This test uses a reagent and of early detection of contamination. Online must be set up for the specific fluid condi-
a solvent (kerosene or toluene) to produce a or unattended sensors may also replace some tions in which they will work. Impedance
reaction that generates gas from the existing routine oil analysis. For these reasons, there is spectroscopy and other technologies are
water in the sample. It primarily measures an industry trend toward using this type of often employed with certain styles of
emulsified and free water. Although low monitoring strategy. these sensors.
concentrations of water can be detected, this The purpose of an online sensor is to
Multi-function Sensors
technology seems more reliable for concen- emit electrical signals that are responsive
Multi-function sensors contain more
trations greater than 150-200 ppm. to changes in the physical or chemical
than one measuring element to monitor
The crackle test is another example of properties of the fluid being monitored.
up to three or four oil parameters, such as
a popular field test. It utilizes two drops of Most sensors contain small electrodes that dielectric constant, saturation, temperature
oil on the surface of a hot plate to evaluate are immersed in the fluid. These electrodes and conductivity. They may provide more
the presence of emulsified and free water. generate electrical voltages and detect the oil’s comprehensive data about the fluid they are
The minimum concentrations that can be response in terms of capacitance, resistance, monitoring. Some even come with connec-
detected are approximately 500-1,000 ppm. dielectric constant or current. The measure- tivity to report results wirelessly to a remote
With this test, it is important to pay attention ments are correlated with known changes in device or cellphone.
to any small bubbles or crackling noise. the oil’s properties, such as water contami- While the use of online sensors is prom-
nation, oxidation, cross-contamination with ising for the early detection of abnormal
Visual Field other fluids and wear debris. Some sensors conditions and a reduction of labor, some
Inspections have multiple measuring components, which challenges must still be overcome. It will
Field inspections for water contamination allows monitoring of more than one property. be important for users to determine which
are mainly visual. Moisture can be detected Following are a few examples of these types oil properties or conditions they wish to
through a sight glass, bottom sediment and of sensors currently available on the market. monitor and to be somewhat familiar with

ML
the different options for monitoring

these properties.
Generally, sensors do not
measure and report results like an
oil analysis lab test. Most must be
specified to the fluid they are moni-
toring. This requires comparing the
sensor readings with the normal or
abnormal conditions to be moni-
tored in the oil. Laboratory support
may be needed to correlate the
sensor’s electric signal with specific Some sensors can measure water
An online water-in-oil sensor
oil parameters. Finally, remember that saturation as well as total moisture content.
all sensors do not have the same reso-
lution and accuracy, so get to know able to find a strategy that best fits assurance, training, consulting and
your sensor’s capabilities, applications your budget and reliability goals. ML development in the United States,
and connectivity possibilities. Brazil, Mexico and the Amer-
By using online sensors, field tests, About the Author
icas region. Contact Alejandro at
inspections and routine oil analysis, Alejandro Meza is a senior
you can detect water contamination technical consultant with Noria ameza@noria.com to learn how
and take corrective action earlier with Corporation. He has more than 20 Noria can help you identify the best
relatively low monitoring costs. While years of experience in the lubricant ways to monitor water contamina-
the options are vast, you should be industry, technical services, quality tion in your lubricants.

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
This month, Machinery Lubrication continues its “Test Your Knowledge” section in which we focus on a group of questions from Noria’s
Practice Exam for Level I Machine Lubrication Technician and Machine Lubricant Analyst. The answers are located at the bottom of this
page. The complete 126-question practice test with expanded answers is available at store.noria.com.
1. What percentage by volume of SAE 10W-30 is SAE 30?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%
2. Magnetic plug inspections:

A) Crudely indicate presence of iron wear
B) Indicate water contamination
C) Indicate copper wear rates
D) Indicate oil circulation rates
E) Indicate corrosion is occurring
3. A filter’s differential pressure slowly increases over

time. What’s wrong?
A) The filter has burst
B) The filter bypass valve is open
C) ISO particle counts should be taken
D) Filter differential pressure does not increase
E) Nothing, it’s removing dirt
filter is not functioning (perhaps in bypass).

is contaminated and the differential pressure is continuously low, this indicates the
This is an indication that the filter is functioning properly. On the other hand, if the oil
3. E
The magnetic plug will hold ferrous wear particles but not other particles.
Magnetic plug inspections can indicate the presence of ferrous wear (iron and steel).
2. A
SAE 30 at high temperatures.

range of temperatures. SAE 10W-30 oil works as SAE 10 at cold temperatures and as
which a viscosity-index improver has been added so the oil can be utilized over a wide
SAE 10W-30 and SAE 30 are totally different oils. SAE 10W-30 is a multigrade oil in
1. A
ANSWERS

BOOKSTORE
Welcome to Machinery Lubrication’s Bookstore, designed to spotlight lubrication-
related books. For a complete listing of books of interest to lubrication professionals, check out the Bookstore at store.noria.com.
Compressors: Lubrication and

How to Achieve Maintenance of
High Reliability Industrial Machinery
& Availability Author: STLE
This book can be used by
Authors: Heinz P. Bloch and
everyone in the production
Fred K. Geitner
process, from supervi-
Written by experts with more
sors to floor personnel. It
than 100 combined years
explains the key role
of industry experience in
of effective equipment
machinery failure avoidance,
lubrication practices in a
this book offers proven solu-
proactive reliability-based maintenance program.
Use the Correct Oil tions to a pervasive and expensive problem in modern
Learn the best practices for achieving the cost
industry – compressor failures. This on-the-job guide
Poster addresses elusive causes of compressor failure and
reduction and the inherent resultant increase in
operational reliability.
clearly maps out remedies you can put to use right away.
The Practical Machinery Failure

Handbook of Analysis and
Machinery Lubrication Troubleshooting
– Fourth Edition — Fourth Edition
Authors: Robert Scott, Jim Authors: Heinz P. Bloch
Fitch, Lloyd Leugner and Fred K. Geitner
The completely rewritten This classic, comprehen-
fourth edition addresses sive guide to analysis and
specific new topics such as oil troubleshooting may help
properties and testing, oil analysis, grease applications, you solve the machinery failure problems costing
journal bearings, compressors, contamination control, you time and money. Covering both the engi-
neering detail and management theory, Machinery
Home Sweet Home storage and handling, wear and failure mechanisms,
Failure Analysis and Troubleshooting provides a
Poster and troubleshooting. It retains the easy-reading nature
robust go-to reference and training resource for all
of the original book with restructured chapters to
heighten the focus on reliability and provide further engineers and managers working in manufacturing
detail on recent changes in industry practices. and process plants.
Machinery Lubrication I Study Pack

• • Flash Card Pack
• • 125-question Practice Exam
• • How to Take a Multiple-Choice Exam
• • Machinery Lubrication Reference Guide
•• Oil Analysis Basics
• • The Practical Handbook of
Machinery Lubrication
Keep Our
Machines Clean See page 55 for the next scheduled training class.
Poster

Paul Hiller | ICML
TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION

Lubrication Programs
Certification Helps City

of Chandler Achieve
Longer Asset Life
While certification In a dry-locked metroplex
is not required for like Phoenix, Arizona,
everyone in the the sanitary processing
division, education of municipal water is a
has helped the perpetual struggle of man
decision-makers to versus nature that directly impacts
work together toward the region’s ability to grow and thrive.
lubrication excellence. Accordingly, with aging machinery
assets at four water-treatment facili-
ties and dozens of potable water wells,
recharge wells and pumping stations,
the Phoenix suburb of Chandler The City of Chandler’s Joe Maestas uses a hand vacuum pump to
proactively hired a lubrication and collect an oil sample, while Richard Hunt greases a motor bearing with
oil analysis expert certified by the ultrasound guidance.
International Council for Machinery “Most manufacturers realized “So, I came onboard in 2015. I was
Lubrication (ICML) to develop that there isn’t any single tech- the first and only predictive mainte-
predictive maintenance programs nology that’s best,” explained Hunt. nance tech in the city at the time.”
that would extend the reliability and “During training, Chandler manage-
service life of these assets. ment absorbed the message about Low-hanging Fruit
When Richard Hunt joined the
City of Chandler, he recognized that
complementary technology tools and a Wall of Dust
and decided the maintenance team As a certified Machinery Lubri-
overall predictive maintenance (PdM) could be doing more to implement cation Technician (MLT) and
was an area of great interest to the additional programs. They just didn’t
reliability management team, even Machine Lubricant Analyst (MLA),
know how.”
beyond lubrication enhancement. Hunt was already familiar with the
The utilities group soon decided
“It all started as a training current science and best practices
the best option for a comprehensive
thing,” recalled Hunt, who solution was to hire a PdM-oriented for lubrication and oil analysis. His
currently serves as Chandler’s senior person from the private sector who responsibilities would now include
utilities PdM technician. could hit the ground running. the health of machinery assets such
Various monitoring technolo- “I came from an industrial back- as pumps, fans, blowers, mixers,
gies had long ago become accessible ground, where I already had training gear reducers and belt presses. Hunt
to a broader spectrum of factory and certification in vibration, ultra- initially directed his attention to
personnel, so training had become sound and infrared, as well as oil the Pecos Surface Water Treatment
more commonplace. analysis and lubrication,” Hunt said. Plant (PSWTP) where he was based.

ML
“One of the things I looked at — basically to combat the dust more aggressively. Having and rapped it up against his truck to knock
the low-hanging fruit where we could get the switched from a calendar- to condition-based the dirt from it. I said, ‘Nah, I’ll stick with my
best bang for our buck — was lubrication,” he schedule, Hunt now samples asset fluids for disposable.’”
noted. “I just saw a ton of things that we could testing by a third-party lab. He believes the As new PdM practices are adopted, Hunt has
easily fix with relatively few dollars.” benefits of this new practice outweigh the cost. discovered that it becomes easier to get manage-
For instance, Hunt found there was no “External testing has greater benefits ment and other staff to follow the decisions being
consistency in the selection of lubricant types or than just lowering oil and labor costs,” Hunt made regarding oil changes.
brands across all machinery. Fluid sampling was explained. “We can now understand our “Our position with them is, ‘We’ve gone
nonexistent, so oil changes were based on the machine health. We believe we can get at least to the training, and we’re certified in doing it.
calendar rather than the condition, leading to 25 percent more useful life out of the assets by This is what will get you the longest asset life,’”
inefficient usage and labor costs. Furthermore, paying attention to lubrication needs.” he said.
most of the oil inventory was stored outdoors
— a less than ideal situation, given the Arizona Addressing the Culture More Certifications
heat and dust storms. Covered cages offered little Just because Hunt initiated these improve- Equal Easier Expansion
more than shade. ments at PSWTP did not mean his budding Fortunately, the City of Chandler does
“Everything was outside or tucked into lubrication program would persist. He under- support training.
various corners of the maintenance shop,” stood that sustained success would constantly “I realized the importance of good training
Hunt added. face shifting priorities of municipal funding as
years ago, and the need to continue learning and
Even the sealed oil drums were no match for well as the status-quo mindset among longtime
applying best practices is non-stop,” Hunt added.
regional dust storms. colleagues and suppliers. These culture issues can
“Everyone who touches lubricants needs to be
“When a sandstorm or haboob comes make it challenging to move forward, even with
trained and certified.”
through, it’s just a wall of dust, and you can’t a lubrication champion like Hunt.
In 2017, lubrication technicians from all
see 10 feet in front of you,” Hunt said. “All One might expect a program that prolongs
four of Chandler’s water facilities attended
those OEM breathers were not much more machinery life without sacrificing operational
Noria Corporation’s independent training
than insect screens because they only go down efficacy would be an easy sell when seeking
course covering content from ICML’s MLT I
to 40 microns, the size of a hair. But we’ve got funding and adherence, but Hunt frequently
body of knowledge and then sat for the certi-
contaminants going down to below 4 microns, finds himself trying to bring his fellow workers
fication exam. In addition, one of Chandler’s
and it’s mainly all silica from the sandstorms.” and managers up to speed.
Hunt applied his expertise to conduct an "There are a lot of factors involved in trying certified senior mechanics based at the Ocotillo
audit of conditions at all four plants and mapped to get them to understand why we need to test Brine Reduction Facility has accepted a role as
out some recommendations. He even touched the oil, why we need to put the breathers on, why a PdM technician to work with Hunt across all
base with the local representative from a reli- we should have sample ports or why we should the treatment plants. With these newly certified
ability equipment vendor to conduct a courtesy even sample the oil,” he said. personnel now involved with the program, Hunt
assessment, and that vendor’s findings corrob- While certification is not required for anticipates smoother acceptance as he coordi-
orated his own. This was when he noticed his everyone in the division, education has nates expansion of his PSWTP enhancements
ICML certification bolstered his position. helped the decision-makers to work together to Chandler’s other water plants.
“The training and certification provide a toward lubrication excellence and made it “The cost of certification is best seen as
means to be an authority on the subject,” Hunt easier for Hunt’s recommendations to be an investment, because ICML is a recognized
noted. “And with the reliability vendor matching funded and implemented. authority in lubrication,” he explained.
up to what I was saying almost word for word, “The programs only work if managers under- Hunt also recognizes that the economic
everything just clicked. Between the two of us, stand what we’re trying to do,” Hunt said. “So, impact could be substantial as his certified team
we were able to get the ball rolling.” we’re trying to secure best-practice training on all expands these practices throughout all the plants,
lubrication, where everybody in maintenance has water wells and pumping stations.
Clean, Dry and to attend. Sometimes getting the same informa- “The city has adopted a 50-year asset plan,
Contaminant-free tion from a complete stranger in a training class while most of the machinery has an expected
Since then, Hunt has established a clean and is better than getting it from your own team.” life of around 20 years,” Hunt said. “If our
organized lubrication storage room at PSWTP, It’s not just managers who can benefit from lubrication program can extend the asset equip-
bringing all drums and containers indoors. training but also the hands-on personnel inter- ment five years, then we’re only replacing it all
This room includes color-coded asset lubricant acting directly with lubricants. once instead of twice in that 50-year time. If we
requirements, containers and, perhaps most “One time I was pouring oil into an asset can gain those five years just by doing better
importantly, climate control. He also has identi- with a transfer container using a single-use, oil practices ... well, how much is a treatment
fied and documented bearing grease frequencies disposable funnel,” Hunt recalled. “The well tech plant worth, $150 million? We all know that
and volumes, and has been replacing the orig- watching me said, ‘Here, use this funnel. It’ll lubrication is the most controllable thing you
inal desiccant breathers with 2-micron filters work better.’ And he took a large, open funnel can influence.” ML

CERTIFICATION NEWS
Recent Recipients of ICML Certifications

The International Council for Machinery Lubrication (ICML) continues to provide skill certification testing
for professionals in the areas of oil analysis and machinery lubrication. The organization offers three
certifications: Machine Lubricant Analyst (MLA), Machine Lubrication Technician (MLT) and Laboratory
Lubricant Analyst (LLA). ICML congratulates the following individuals who recently achieved certified
status in one of the three certification areas.
Elizabeth Nessim, MLT I BPPT Andrew Cameron, MLA II

K. Kiran Dev, MLA II Barman Tambunan, MLA I George Tallon, MLT II
Luiz Tolosa Canton, MLT I
Victor Reyes Alvarado, MLA I Braskem DuPont
Mariana Espinheira, MLT I Haja Randrianasolo, MLA II
ADA Carbon Solutions James Whitlow III, MLA II
Frank Welling, MLT I Braskem America Joshua Monday, MLA II
Nicholas Ryder, MLA I Matthew Peltz, MLA II
Advanced Technology Services Stephen Janak, MLA I Nathan Malone, MLA II
Adam Feeney, MLT I Scott Simmons, MLA II
Tim Gunzenhauser, MLA I Bristol Meyers Taylor Atkinson, MLA II
Yahya Khan, MLA I Brian O’Rourke, MLA I
John Farrell, MLA I Empresa Siderurgica del Peru
AIMIL Noel Slattery, MLA I Antonio Hinostroza, MLT I
Abhishek Naresh Shinde, MLA III
Kosuri Venugopal, MLA II Canopus Engineering Services Entergy
Sagar Mukesh Nangaria, MLA II Thamarana Sreenu, MLA II Mary Cox, MLT I
Need to take Al Jomaih and Shell Lubricating Oil Co. Cargill Faw Group Commercial Vehicle
Development Institute
an exam? Danish Saleem Khan, MLA I Anna Krimmel, MLT I
Christoph Schulze, MLT I Hanwen Chi, MLT I
Albemarle Corp. Daniel Straeten, MLT I
ICML regularly holds Joseph Moss, MLT I Lars Kuhnen, MLT I Ferreyros
exam sessions throughout Lucas Hundt, MLT I Diego Eduardo Gonzales Rosas, MLA I
ALS
the United States and the Michael Holloway, MLA III
Markus Kluge, MLT I Freeport McMoran
Michael Beser, MLT I
world. Upcoming dates Oliver Lacroix, MLT I
Dustin Young, MLT I
ALS Global Gabriel Delgado, MLA II
and locations for ICML Salah Mohamed Attia, MLA II Carpenter Technology James Bell, MLT I
exams can be found at Jose Villafane, MLT I Jeffrey Smyer, MLA I
Anglo American
www.lubecouncil.org. Paulo Cesar Santana da Silva, MLT I
John Cope, MLT I
Cemex Quincy Boswell, MLT I
AngloGold Ashanti Sebastian Forsbach, MLA II
Gehl Foods
Michael Amekudzi, MLA II Cerradinho Bio Robert Pinch, MLT I
Anniston Army Depot Gilson Elias Sampaio de Meneses, MLT I
Georgia-Pacific
Jacqulyn Aderholt, MLA II China Institute of Atomic Energy Jason Pilgreen, MLT I
ICML Certifications Appvion Jiurui Li, MLT I
Kunliang Cui, MLT I
Timothy Hall, MLT II
Tony Lett, MLT I
Curtis Tracey, MLT I
LLA I Nicholas Hicks, MLT I CIRCOR Reliability Services/
COT-Puritech & LSC
Goldcorp
Jose Angel Roman Guevara Barrios,
L aboratory Lubricant APSCO - Mobil
Philip Hauger, MLA II MLA II
A nalyst Level I Mohammed Ali Abdul Razak, MLA II & MLT I
Julio Cesar Berumen Duarte, MLA II
Arizona Public Service Clearwater Paper
Brad Ailor, MLT I Guangdong University of
MLA I Russell Cloer, MLA II
Lee Etheridge, MLT I Petrochemical Technology
M achine Lubricant Aswartha Condition Monitoring Scott Luna, MLT I Xianbao Zhao, MLT I
A nalyst Level I Engineers Thomas French, MLT I Zhiwei Sun, MLT I
S. Ravi Kiran, MLA III CNOOC Guangxi Investment Group Laibin
MLA II ATI Metals Haixia Liu, MLT I Power Generation Co.
M achine Lubricant Lucas Lindstrom, MLA II Yi Li, MLT I
Colbun
A nalyst Level II Atlas Manufacturing Process Ivan Medrano Casahuaman, MLT I Guangzhou Mechanical Engineering
Equipment Co. Research Institute
Compañia Minera Volcan
MLA III Xudong Yang, MLT I
Diego Eloy Rosales Samillan, MLT I
Ce Cui, MLT I
Chi Zhang, MLT I
M achine Lubricant Bharat Petroleum Confipetrol Andinas Chudong Qin, MLT I
A nalyst Level III Nikhil Kumar, MLA II
Rosa Margarita Diestra Pinedo, MLA II Peng Chang, MLT I
Tao Gu, MLT I
BMS Constellium Weichu He, MLT I
MLT I Anthony Whitty, MLA I Robert Long, MLT I
M achine Lubrication Joseph Byrne, MLA I Gulf Oil
Shane Callaghan, MLA I Dalian Hengshun Wantong Industrial Chao Sun, MLT I
Technician Level I Equipment Co.
Boise Cascade Hu Wang, MLT I
Gulf Oil Middle East
MLT II Skylar Christiansen, MLT I
Domtar
Srinu Moturi, LLA II
M achine Lubrication
Technician Level II
ML
I-care Deutschland Minerai Fer Quebec Ross Salmon, MLA I SKF

Christoph Burghardt, MLT I Frederic Benoit Dupont, MLA II Stephen McIntyre, MLA I César Antonio Villarreal Núñez, MLA II
Tom Hadfield, MLA I
IIT Dhanbad Mississippi Lime Co. Soltrak
Ashwani Kumar, MLA II Lance Hunsley, MLT I Sabic Luis Alexander Ochoa Ramos, MLT I
Uday Ranjan, MLA II Abdulazeez Albanyan, MLA I
MJL Abdulrahman Albilali, MLA I Southern Peru Copper Corp.
Indian Institute for Production Mohammad Akramul Hoque, MLA III Abdulrahman Mohammed Alahmari, David Quispe Ccahuana, MLA II
Management MLA I
Maheswar Khatua, MLA II
Mosaic Co. Speichao Technology Co.
Ahmed Basager, MLA I
Rose Mala Bilung, MLA II Austin Tish, MLT I
Ali Ahmed Omran-Al, MLA I Yongsheng Li, MLT I
Cody Barras, MLT I
Anas Al-Maidni, MLA I
Indonesia Power Corey Stinson, MLT I SRP
Haidar Albardawil, MLA I
Kanda Anugrah, MLA II Coy Walden, MLT I Reyes Gutierrez, MLA I
Khalid Hassan Al-Qahtani, MLA I
Grady Gieger Jr., MLT I
International Paper Matin Bawani, MLA I
Jacob Campesi, MLT I Tamko Building Products
James Rosene, MLT I Mohamed Salama, MLA I
James Belcher III, MLT I Kyle Fong, MLT I
Justin Winstead, MLT I Mohammed Alghamdi, MLA I
Lucas Cobb, MLT I
Nicholas Mundy, MLT I Muhammad Rafique, MLA I Tata Steel
J.R. Simplot Co. Omar Alhussain, MLA I Vibhor, MLA III
Mark Hurley, MLT II Orient Cement Othman Al-Buainain, MLA I
Tony Chandler, MLT I Vivek Rathi, MLA II Raed Mufarreh, MLA I Tokai Carbon
Don Thornock, MLT I Vishal Saxena, MLA I Slatercade Williams, MLT I
Michael White, MLT I Paccar
Jonathan Alexander, MLA I Sadara Chemical Co. Total Specialties
James Hardie Building Products Hamsatun Bin Abdul Ghani, MLT II Brian Brownlee, MLT I
Brian Quina, MLT I Packaging Corp. of America
David Fowler, MLA I Holden Rice, MLA I Safety-Kleen Tribologik
Michael Rozema, MLA I Jack Schreiber, MLA I Andrew Salcedo, MLT I
Benjamin Kornacki, MLA I
Walker Musnicki, MLA I Michael Lepka, MLA I David Perez, MLT I
Comlan Fandohan, MLA I
Stephen Webster, MLA I Heath McWilliams, MLT I
Kangaroo Technology Co. Frederick Moore, MLA II
Marcos Robles, MLT I
Guofang Wang, MLT I Pall Timothy Kensler, MLT I Logan Poracky, MLA I
Shaomin Wang, MLT I Gonal Lakshmikanth, MLA III Todd Ruppelli, MLT I Trico Corp.
Petrolab Services William Sea, MLT I Joshua Kunz, MLT I
Kazminerals
Abdilda Nurdilda, MLA II Asbari Asbari, MLA II Salalah Methanol Co. Victoria Bunchek, MLT I
Alexey Zhuk, MLA II Endriastuti, MLA II Mohammed Jaidoon Al Aamri, MLA I
Gilar Herliana Putra, MLA II TSR Contract Maintenance
Bauyrzhan Ramazanov, MLA II
Egor Denissenko, MLA II Reko Sayogo, MLA II Samarco Mineração Michael O’Neil, MLT II
Nazym Alimanov, MLA II Danilo Mota Campos, MLT I
Petronet LNG Julio Cesar de Oliveira, MLT I
Unified Lubricants Co.
Nurzhan Tazhiyev, MLA II Viren Gabani, MLT I Bahaeldin Bashire, MLA II
Sergey Shelukhin, MLA II Saudi Aramco
Vladimir Lobchuk, MLA II Philippine Gold Processing and Ahmad Fahad Al Bataish, MLA I U.S. Lubricants
Refining Corp. Andrew Mayes, MLA I Jonathan Clevenger, MLA I
LafargeHolcim Nikko Camu, MLT I
Gabrielle Solo, MLT II Joung Youn Song, MLA I
VAS Tribology Solutions
Michael Frisone, MLA I PT Medco E&P Indonesia Kinjalkumar Gohel, MLA I
Marvin Valle Jaco, MLA I Md Aatif, MLA III
Thomas Ensey, MLT I Muhamad Rifqiyanto, MLA II
Mohamed Sadath Thaivalappil Savad, Vebes O&M Co.
Laurentide Controls PT Tiara Vibrasindo Pratama MLA I Jerry Fer Tumamao Damian, MLT I
Christian Daoust, MLA II Adisukma Wijaya, MLA II Muhammad Haq, MLA I
Jean-Francois Ricard, MLA II Niaz Ali, MLA I Veolia Energy Gulf
Qatar Petroleum Wesam Alharbi, MLA I
Lott Oil Co. Nibusalam Puthenveettil Abdulsalam,
Purushotham Nagireddy, MLA II WooTaek Hwang, MLA I MLT I
Michael Laborde, MLT I
Quebec Iron Ore Saudi Technology Lube Oil Plant
Maaden Aluminum Alexandre Berman, MLA II Veolia Water Qatar
Omar Albashir, MLA II Jho Pet Belen Sawali, MLT I
Mohammed Aftab Alam, MLT II
Raizen Schreiber Foods
Mainstream Lubrication Italo Bratti, MLA I Verso
Joshua Beutler, MLA I
Technology Nanjing Leonardo Pereira da Silva Filho, MLA I Gary Cass, MLT II
Dong Zhou, MLT I Marcia Bortolazzo, MLA I SGS William Rae Jr., MLT II
Suelen Silva, MLA I Carlos Eduardo Ramirez Perez, MLA III
Marco Peruana Tamires Tocaia, MLA I Vestas Wind Systems
Miguel Antonio Hernandez Rubiano,
Carlos Eduardo Quesada, MLA I MLA II Kiran Kumar Shantharaj, MLA II
Christian Harold Sandoval Quintana, Robinson Nevada Mining
MLT II Robert Zadow, MLA I SGS Colombia Wanhua Chemical Thermoelectric Co.
Diego Salvador Morin Burneo, MLA I Andrea Paola Gonzalez Padilla, MLA II Fei Gao, MLT I
Royal Canadian Mint
Gilmer Williams Caceres Benavente, Erika Karina Carriazo Guevara, MLA II WearCheck Ghana
Benedict Wong, MLA I
MLA I Jennyfer Gonzalez Sobrino, MLA II
Ebenezer Arhin, LLA II
Martin Federal RWE Generation Jose Julian David Jurado, MLA II
Cody Allison, LLA I
Brett Quirk, MLA I Shell WestRock
David Hollingsworth, MLA I Devry Langlois, MLT I
Stephen McCrummen, LLA II Gary Roberts, MLT I
Jack Hadfield, MLA I Thomas Skelton, MLT I
Terri Hudson, LLA I Keith Hendricks, MLT I
James Thornton, MLA I
Tiffani Anderson, LLA II Wenguan Huang, MLT I Yanbu Cement Co.
John Booth, MLA I
Maruti Suzuki India Jonathan Haynes, MLA I Sindus Andritz Torki Mohamed Ahmed Ibrahim, MLT II
Shashi Singh, MLA II Jordan Gillies, MLA I Jocemar Silva, MLT I
Matthew McGrady, MLA I Zhuhai Xinshida Measurement &
Masyarakat Pelumas Indonesia Michael Owen, MLA I Sinopec Lubrication Oil Control Technology Co.
Handoko Kusumo, MLA II Richard Powell, MLA I Dawei Gao, MLT I Zhihui Li, MLT I

Devin Jarrett | Noria Corporation
BACK PAGE BASICS Particle Counting
Particle Counts:
What They Mean
and How to Use Them
“By better
understanding
the ISO
cleanliness
code, setting
appropriate
targets
and closely When my wife and I Much like the multiplication order to the chaos of particle counts
monitoring started getting serious factor for how quickly our home in aircraft hydraulic fluids. The result
about the future requires a deep cleaning based on was the creation of NAS 1638.
your particle during our love-struck the number of children we have, how The first version of this standard
dating days, we began talking about clean or dirty your oil is can be deter- utilized an optical microscope to size
counts, you can what kind of family we envisioned. mined by multiplying the number solid particles. All the particles within
determine how We both wanted a large family and
for our kids to be close in age in
of particles in the fluid, according
to the cleanliness code developed by
1 milliliter of oil would be categorized
into five size ranges: 5-15 microns,
dirty or clean hopes they would have a closer bond the International Organization for 15-25 microns, 25-50 microns,
when they became adults. Standardization (ISO). 50-100 microns and greater than 100
your oil is.” Fast forward a few years, and we microns. A chart was used to classify
had our first four children within Understanding the the oil’s cleanliness with a range
five years. Little did we know that ISO Cleanliness Code of 00 to 12, based on the number
the impact of each additional child To fully understand the ISO of particles in each size range. The
would be more of a multiplication 4406 solid contaminant standard, lower the number, the cleaner the oil.
factor than simple addition. When you need to go back to the begin- Prior to this time, a coding system to
our youngest turned 5, we decided ning. Surprisingly, this standard did quantify oil cleanliness had not been
we wanted one more and chose to not originate with ISO but rather established. This method worked well
adopt a fifth child, knowing full the National Aerospace Standards and was largely accepted by industry
well that life would double for us (NAS) organization. During the through the 1970s and ’80s.
once again. 1960s, the NAS attempted to bring With improved particle filters,

ML
particles, which made the larger size ranges less time, it was discovered that the current method
PARTICLES NAS 1638 representative of the particle distribution in the for calibrating automatic particle counters
ISO CODE PER MILLILITER > & SAE oil. With this change in the natural distribu- (APCs) did not meet the requirements of the
10 µm AS4059F tion of particles, ISO decided it was no longer ISO 9000 standard. Previously, all APCs were
necessary to report the concentration of these calibrated according to ISO 4402 using Air
26/23 140,000 larger particle ranges. Cleaner Fine Test Dust (ACFTD). During the
25/23 85,000 process of becoming ISO 9000 compliant, it
ISO 4406:87 was determined that this calibration material
23/20 14,000 Recognizing the importance of hydraulic was untraceable. The exact quantity and size
21/18 4,500 12 oil cleanliness, the shortcomings of NAS 1638 of the particles in the ACFTD were unknown,
and the deficiencies of other standards organi- resulting in inaccurate calibrations. The
20/18 2,400 zations, ISO aspired to create a standard that company that produced the ACFTD calibra-
20/17 2,300 11 would more accurately reflect the concentration fluid also announced that it would no
tion of particles. The organization also sought longer be manufacturing the fluid. This led to
20/16 1,400
to make its classification or code easier to ISO 11171, which utilizes ISO Medium Test
19/16 1,200 10 understand while expanding the standard to Dust (ISO MTD) from the National Institute
18/15 580 9
all lubricating fluids so there would be one of Standards and Technology (NIST). NIST
accepted standard across all industries. employs a scanning electron microscope
17/14 280 8 The process began by reducing the number (SEM) to accurately measure the number and
16/13 140 7 of categories from five to two with an optional
size of particles down to 1 micron.
third. It was also decided to use a scale that
15/12 70 6 In addition to the lack of control over the
would count particles of specific sizes and
calibration material, it was also discovered that
14/12 40 larger, moving away from the range approach.
the particle sizes being reported were not the
The representative particle sizes chosen were
14/11 35 5 same. Depending on the type of APC used
2, 5 and 15 microns with the 2-micron cate-
13/10 14 4
by the laboratory, there were inconsistencies
gory being optional. Unlike NAS 1638, which
when measuring the same size particles.
12/9 9 3 categorized all particle counts for the various
What was a 5-micron particle in an optical
classifications with a single number, ISO 4406
11/8 5 2 APC (calibrated to ISO 4402) was a 6-micron
represented each size individually. An ISO
4406 code is always shown with the micron particle using an SEM. This led to the need for
10/8 3
sizes listed from smallest to largest. a new calibration medium and standard, thus
10/7 2.3 1
The second major modification involved the creation of ISO 11171 for calibration and
10/6 1.4 changing the scale altogether. What would ISO 4406:99 for reporting. ISO was presented
later become known as the Renard series table with a major decision to make: Should there be
9/6 1.2 0 two standards based on the type of APC and
was born. The classifications spanned from 0.9
8/5 0.6 00 to 30, with each doubling from the lowest to method of calibration, or should the current
the highest acceptable value. This approach standard be adjusted so it would be compat-
7/5 0.3
was intended to make each step more mean- ible with both calibration methods and APC
6/3 0.14 ingful and impactful. It also allowed for a types? It was decided that two standards would
5/2 0.04 simple method of expressing very small and create confusion, so the alterative of developing
large particle counts with a single value. a compatible standard was accepted.
2/0.8 0.01 With subsequent accuracy improvements
For example, a cleanliness code might be
Cleanliness Level Correlation Table something like 18/14. This would indicate in microscope technologies, ISO realized
that there were somewhere between 1,301 and that the reporting of particles smaller than 5
the invention of automatic particle counters 2,500 particles larger than 5 microns and 81 to microns was becoming more reliable. Thus, a
and the push for ISO 9000 during the ’80s 160 particles larger than 15 microns. ISO later third micron size was added as an option to the
and ’90s, several other attempts were made dropped the 0.9 code and started the chart at cleanliness code.
to create industry standards for cleanliness 1 when it was determined that obtaining this
levels by the Society of Automotive Engineers cleanliness level was highly unlikely and thus What It All Means
(SAE), the Aerospace Industries Association of unreasonable to include it in the chart. ISO concluded that the concentration of
America (AIA) and others. smaller particles was of greater concern than
The improvements in particle filters tipped ISO 4406:99 the larger ones. The organization determined
the scales of natural distribution. Filters In the 1990s, there was a push for industry that 4-, 6- and 14-micron particles provided
became more efficient at removing larger to become ISO 9000 compliant. During this the best representation of the particles closest

BACK PAGE BASICS
SAE AS4059 Rev. E (Cleanliness Classes for Cumulative Counts – Particles per 100 mL)
NUMBER OF PARTICLES PER mL
(1) >1 μm >5 μm >15 μm >25 μm >50 μm >100 μm
Up to and Range
More than (2) >4 μm >6 μm >14 μm >21 μm >38 μm >70 μm
Including Number
5,000,000 10,000,000 30 Size Code
A B C D E F
Classes
2,500,000 5,000,000 29
000 195 76 14 3 1 0
1,300,000 2,500,000 28
00 390 152 27 5 1 0
640,000 1,300,000 27
0 780 304 54 10 2 0
320,000 640,000 26
1 1560 609 109 20 4 1
160,000 320,000 25
2 3120 1217 217 39 7 1
80,000 160,000 24
3 6250 2432 432 76 13 2
40,000 80,000 23
4 12500 4864 864 152 26 4
20,000 40,000 22
5 25000 9731 1731 306 53 8
10,000 20,000 21
6 50000 19462 3462 612 106 16
5,000 10,000 20
7 100000 38924 6924 1224 212 32
2,500 5,000 19
8 200000 77849 13849 2449 424 64
1,300 2,500 18
9 400000 155698 27698 4898 848 128
640 1,300 17
10 800000 311396 55396 9796 1696 256
320 640 16
11 1600000 622792 110792 19592 3392 512
160 320 15
12 3200000 1245584 221584 39184 6784 1024
80 160 14
(1) Size range, optical microscope, based on longest dimension as measured per
40 80 13
ARP598 or APC calibrated per ISO 4402:1991
20 40 12 (2) Size range, APC calibrated per ISO 11171 or electron microscope, based on project-
10 20 11 ed area equivalent diameter
(3) Classes and contamination limits identical to NAS 1638
5 10 10
2.5 5 9
1.3 2.5 8
This rarely will be presented in any oil analysis ability to report on the specified cumulative
report, so you will need to contact your lab or particle size count instead of a single code
0.64 1.3 7 equipment manufacturer to find out which ISO that represents the cleanliness of the oil. You
0.32 0.64 6 calibration standard was employed. Again, the will be able to identify if the code is specific
most current calibration standard is ISO 11171. to a cumulative particle size count by a suffix
0.16 0.32 5
letter after the class. The letter will be between
0.08 0.16 4 SAE AS4059F A-E and will tell you what cumulative particle
0.04 0.08 3 While ISO 4406:87 and 4406:99 have size count category the code represents. For
been widely accepted, there is still a signifi- example, a Class 6B would indicate how many
0.02 0.04 2
cant portion of industries and countries that particles are greater than 5 microns (optical
0.01 0.02 1 use SAE AS4059. Several revisions have been microscope) or 6 microns (most APCs).
made to this standard over time. The most Be careful, though, as the revision of
An ISO 4406 Chart
current revision of this standard occurred AS4059 may result in different cleanliness
to a lubricant’s film thickness. These particle in September 2013, which is SAE AS4059F. classes from those obtained with previous
sizes cause the most damage to moving surfaces The reporting of this standard utilizes the versions whenever the class was specified
and thus should be closely monitored. same table as the NAS 1638 standard shown. without any letter size suffix and in some
The method used to calibrate the automatic The most current revision has added cases when the class was specified with a
particle counter should also be considered. optional reporting methods to include the suffix. Cleanliness classes with no suffix from

Let Noria help you solve tough lubrication
problems and discover the root cause of
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Global Training Calendar

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Montreal, Canada • April 16 – 18, 2019 Point Lisas, Trinidad • April 23 – 25, 2019
MACHINERY LUBRICATION II
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BACK PAGE BASICS
previous versions of AS4059 are based on particles. For this reason, it is recommended Most original equipment manufacturers
particles greater than 6 microns, whereas to set cleanliness targets and track particle (OEMs) provide general lubricant cleanliness
classes from this revision are based on the counts or ISO codes relative to those targets. levels for their machines to meet the warranty
number of particles in each of the size ranges Both cautionary and critical alarm limits expectations. While these OEM targets make
except the smallest, 4 microns. should be established. Ideally, the cautionary for a great starting point, they often do not
AS4059 now permits contamination limit will be your target or one code above. take into consideration your specific environ-
limits to be identified in a variety of ways: The alarm limit might be two or three codes
ment or plant reliability goals.
• Identical to NAS 1638 — For example, above your target. These limits will help
If your facility has a centralized lube
AS4059 Class 8 is the same as NAS 1638 make your decision-making process easier if
Class 8. The size of particles counted varies room, set an overall cleanliness target for each
you should consider cleaning your oil with
depending upon whether an optical micro- a filter cart or performing a full drain, flush oil type. When establishing these targets,
scope or light blockage APC is used. and fill. begin with the most sensitive machine
• Cumulative count above a specified Setting cleanliness targets for each component using each oil and work through
size — Examples: AS4059 Class 8A, AS4059 lubricant offers many benefits. The main the same process for each machine.
Class 8B advantage is the extension of overall machine Once you have set your cleanliness
• Differential counts for various sizes life, which can lower maintenance costs and targets, take a stepped approach to cleaning
— Examples: AS4059 Class 8B-D or Class increase production cycles. Case studies your oils. Starting with a high-efficiency filter
8A-D have shown particle contamination to be the at a small micron level would be expensive.
• Different classes for cumulative counts leading cause of machine failures. Therefore, Instead, slowly progress to smaller micron
of particles greater than a particular size it only makes sense to monitor the concen- filters over time. When you reach your goal,
range — An example would be 7B/6C/5D tration of these particles. you can then maintain this cleanliness level
or 7B/4C. Other benefits of setting cleanliness
There isn’t a right or wrong cleanliness with higher efficiency filters.
targets include increasing the awareness and
standard to use when setting up a lubrication By better understanding the cleanliness
visibility of the efforts being made through
program. The important thing is that you code, setting appropriate targets and closely
various lubrication activities. Establishing
follow a standard and use it correctly. a moderately aggressive target for your monitoring your particle counts, you can
lubricants will require everyone to follow determine how dirty or clean your oil is,
Setting Cleanliness Targets lubrication best practices. It can also create which should then help you achieve your
Unlike most of the information in an oil a common goal among maintenance and overall reliability goals.
analysis report, particle counts should not operations personnel for plants in which the
use the same trending methods of iron, silica, lubrication duties are spread across multiple References
copper, etc. You will want to watch which departments or divisions. Fitch, E.C. (1976). “The New ISO Clean-
direction your particle counts are moving, Since not all machines are treated equally, liness Code – Let’s Use It.” Fluid Power
but this alone should not be used as a failure it will be important that cleanliness targets Research Conference.
indicator. There are just too many variables be set appropriately for each machine. For Day, M. “What Happened to NAS
in play. The difference between codes can be example, hydraulic and turbine systems are 1638?” Practicing Oil Analysis, December
one particle or several hundred or thousand far more sensitive to solid contaminants than 2002.
a gearbox or process pump. The oil’s viscosity International Standard 4406:87. Inter-
will also play a significant role. The higher
START YOUR the viscosity, the more difficult it will be to
national Organization for Standardization.
FREE SUBSCRIPTION remove particles.
International Standard 4406:99. Inter-
national Organization for Standardization.
The machine’s environment can impact
www.machinerylubrication.com
your cleanliness targets as well. A hydraulic About the Author
system in a controlled environment, such as
Devin Jarrett is an account manager
a pharmaceutical production area, may have
at Noria Corporation. He holds a Level II
a different target than the same hydraulic
Machine Lubrication Technician (MLT)
system inside a cement plant. More potential
contaminants in the air can increase the need certification and a Level III Machine Lubri-
to maintain cleaner oils, which will require cant Analyst (MLA) certification through the
a more aggressive standard. A high-con- International Council for Machinery Lubri-
taminant area may also demand a larger cation (ICML). Contact Devin at djarrett@
investment to help maintain the appropriate noria.com to learn how Noria can help you
oil cleanliness levels. establish cleanliness targets for your lubricants.

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TRAINING GUIDE
Industrial Lubrication Fundamentals | Machinery Lubrication | Oil Analysis
TRAINING MATTERS
Find Your Perfect Fit. Get the Skills You Need with Noria’s
Diverse Training Opportunities
WHY CHOOSE NORIA?
The Difference is in the Details
It’s been said that the only constant thing is change. At Noria, we realize change is vital for a
company to thrive and sustain for the future. Positive change is impacted through a variety of
means, but one important vehicle for change is education.
We are the Source. We Have Been Down

Noria is the global authority in machinery This Road Before.
lubrication and oil analysis. Each year, we train
Noria’s team of experts combines a wide
thousands of professionals worldwide – and in
variety of industry experience in reliability,
more than 10 different languages – on innovative
engineering and lubrication excellence to
plant reliability measures through excellence in
provide world-class training and expertise.
machine lubrication. Our training encompasses
all types of mechanized industries. Whether you need industry education,
technical consulting, failure investigation or
program/analysis development, our experts
We Share Your Passion. can help you.
Noria continues to pursue a mission of inspiring
Along with extensive experience, Noria’s
change through education by providing
customers with the tools, resources and team relies on a large network of industry
expertise to achieve the tremendous, untapped leaders to stay current with
potential that lubrication excellence has to offer. industry technologies, trends
and client needs. Our team
works hard to bring the best
services and highest level of
expertise to each client.
2
TABLE OF
We Work Together with You.
CONTENTS
Time is money, and your time is valuable. To
accommodate our customers, Noria offers a
variety of training options that includes online Your Learning Path 4
and private training. We can also customize
course curriculum and training to achieve your Industrial Lubrication Fundamentals 6
desired results.
Food Processing
We Implement Change Equipment Lubrication 8
that Endures.
The difference is in the details. Noria’s courses Machinery Lubrication I 10
are designed to align with the needs of adult
learners, as determined by expert staff that
includes an adult-learning specialist, an
Machinery Lubrication II 12
instructional designer and multiple graphic
artists and video/multimedia developers. Oil Analysis Report
Training sessions are goal-oriented, relevant Interpretation Workshop 14
and practical. Interactive opportunities are
incorporated when possible to maximize
knowledge retention and understanding. Oil Analysis II 16
Oil Analysis III 18

We Want You to Succeed.
All course material – from beginner to Noria Services 20
advanced – is task-based and immediately
applicable in the workplace. Students receive
preventive maintenance tips and learn why Online Learning 22
every strategy is important. Knowledge is
powerful and when our workforce becomes Onsite Training 23
empowered with excellent lubrication
methods, the results are a safer, more efficient
and more reliable industry.
We Guarantee Satisfaction.
Noria proudly stands behind our training
courses. If you’re not satisfied with the
information and insights you gain at these
events, we will refund 100% of your paid
registration fee.
For dates, complete course description or to enroll, visit Noria.com/train or call 1-800-597-5460 3
FIND YOUR PERFECT FIT
Something For Everyone
Noria’s course plan is versatile. From beginners to experienced technicians and engineers, we can
help you no matter what stage you are currently. Follow the entire course track, progressing from
beginner to the expert level, or pick and choose according to your specific needs and interests.
The course progression shown is recommended but not

required. To determine the best course for you, contact
us at 918-392-5460 or email training@noria.com.
4 800.597.5460 | Noria.com
Basic to Most Advanced
Noria’s courses are built from the same foundational concepts, layering more detailed explorations
or specialized topics in higher level coursework. The chart below gives a glimpse into which topics
are emphasized in each course as well as how technically detailed the information is. Topic areas
are classified from the most basic (♦) to the most advanced (♦ ♦ ♦ ♦).
Industrial Machinery Machinery

Topic Area Lubrication
Fundamentals Lubrication I Lubrication II
Oil Analysis II Oil Analysis III
Maintenance Strategies ♦ ♦♦♦♦ ♦ ♦ ♦
Lubrication Concepts ♦♦ ♦♦♦♦ ♦ ♦ ♦♦♦♦
Fundamentals of
♦ ♦♦ ♦♦ ♦ ♦♦♦♦
Machine Wear
Lubricant Selection ♦ ♦♦ ♦♦♦♦ ♦ ♦
Reception and Storage ♦♦♦ ♦♦ ♦♦♦♦ N/A N/A
Handling and Application ♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦ ♦♦♦ ♦ ♦
Contamination Control ♦♦ ♦♦ ♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦ ♦
Lubricant Analysis ♦ ♦ ♦♦ ♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦
Wear Debris Analysis N/A N/A N/A ♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦
Oil Analysis Program N/A N/A N/A ♦♦ ♦♦♦♦
Environmental Disposal ♦♦♦♦ ♦♦ ♦ N/A N/A
MLT I and
Certification Preparation N/A MLT II MLA II MLA III
MLA I
Private Public, Private Public, Private Public, Private Public, Private
Availability
Classroom Classroom & Online Classroom Classroom Classroom
Topic Area Scale From 1-4 ♦
For dates, complete course description

description, or
or to
to enroll,
enroll visit Noria.com/train or call 1-800-597-5460 5
Bridging The Gap Training Options
INDUSTRIAL
• ONSITE
LUBRICATION FUNDAMENTALS
Course Topics
Lay the Groundwork for Future
Contributions • Receiving and Inspecting
Every job has a specialized skillset rooted in its New Lubricants
foundation. Industrial Lubrication Fundamentals
• Maintaining Lubricant
is the starting point for individuals with all levels
of mechanical or maintenance experience. This Containers, Machines and
essential course provides strong techniques Lubricant Storage Areas
and perspective for those with some lubrication • Maintaining Lube
knowledge, while presenting sound practical
Room Inventory
material and instructions for those starting their
journey in the field. • Removing Contaminants from
Based on extensive collaboration between Noria and New Oils with Filter Carts or
plant reliability professionals, the skillset for basic Installed Systems
lubrication excellence provides students with the most • Protecting Lubricant Integrity
useful, up-to-date information. This course presents
through Contamination Control
materials in a task-based context, so students receive
a well-rounded experience by engaging in interactive • Transporting and
exercises, discussing case studies and gaining Applying Lubricants
confidence through hands-on examples.
• Conducting Field Inspections
on Machines
Who Should Attend?
As an entry-level course, Industrial Lubrication • Excluding and Removing
Fundamentals is designed for individuals with little Contaminants from Lubricated
to no technical background, who are responsible for Machines
lubrication tasks. Attendee job titles may include
• Sampling Lubricants
lubrication technicians, maintenance technicians,
millwrights, mechanics, oilers, machine operators, • Importance of Safety, Leak and
multicraft technicians, etc. Spill Response, and Disposal of
Hazardous Materials
• Modifying Machinery for
Contamination Control, Safety
and Reliability Improvement
Want to learn more about
this course? Download • Understanding the Communication
our brochure or visit and Administrative Tasks
Noria.com/train. Necessary for Your Role
6 800.597.5460 | Noria.com
Take This Course If You Are Responsible For:
• Electric Motors • Gas/Steam Turbines • Paper Machines
• Compressors • Gearboxes • Process Pumps
• Diesel Engines • Hydraulic Systems • Rolling Mills
• Final Drives • Hydrostatic Transmissions • Blowers/Fans
Training That Benefits Topics Include:

Your Entire Facility • Conducting inspections
Training is an ongoing process; not just a one-time
event. We realize the need for constant training • Oil changes
and made this course easy to take back with you. • Electric motor bearing regreasing
Upon taking this course, you will receive 90-day
access to Noria’s video-based procedures used • Installation of external oil level indicators,
in the course. Each video procedure comes with valves, quick connectors and more
a printable job aid to ensure you can take the • Oil sampling
training with you as you head out to the plant floor.
With access to our world-class procedures, you • Using top-up containers
can refresh and review the content learned in the
course anytime and anywhere. • Oil filtration using a dedicated filter cart
Noria produced instantly usable knowledge,

which will definitely result in changes in the way
we handle lubricants and lubrication systems.
– Joe Kelly, Maintenance Engineer, Akzo Nobel
For dates, complete course description, or to enroll visit Noria.com/train or call 1-800-597-5460 7
Online Training
FOOD PROCESSING
EQUIPMENT LUBRICATION
Bridging the Gap Between Regulation and Reliability
Training Options
Course Description
When it comes to food processing, effective • Online
lubrication is fundamental to reliable and
efficient manufacturing. When the Food Safety
Modernization Act (FSMA) was enacted 2011,
manufacturers contributing to the creation of
food, pharmaceuticals and dietary supplements
were mandated to implement systems and
Course Topics
controls that specifically address the hazards
which impact the safety of the food supply. • How to develop a plan for
This new law puts the burden on the individual assessing current food-grade
company’s CEO and board of directors to lubricant use
ensure that the food produced is safe. The
• How to conduct a Hazard
implementation of the Hazard Analysis and Critical
Control Points (HACCP) and the Hazard Analysis
Analysis and Critical Control
and Risk-Based Preventive Controls (HARPC) Points (HACCP) review of
emerged as primary guiding principles, shifting your lubrication program
the focus on responding to contamination in the • How to develop compliant
U.S. food supply to prevention.
standard operating
procedures
Where Does Your • How the various food-
Lubrication Program Fit In? grade lubricant requirements
When it comes to the lubrication and lubricant and consequences of non-
contributions to FSMA, facilities need to compliance contribute to
implement, follow and maintain several procedures the biological, chemical and
to ensure compliance. These steps range from
physical risks outlined
creating a dedicated maintenance team and
documented procedures to using the right in FSMA
lubricants and properly applying them. Facilities • How to prepare for an FDA
also need to understand the various contamination inspection and know what
types (biological, physical and chemical threats),
you will need for an FDA
along with ensuring their lubrication program
uses a lubricant identification system and proper inspection
lubricant storage and handling. At the end of
the day, you need to ensure that your lubrication
program can be held accountable for meeting the
FSMA legislation.
8 800.597.5460 | Noria.com
Who Should Attend?
• Maintenance Managers
• Operations Managers
• Plant Managers
• Lubrication Program Managers
Gauge Your Confidence

When determining your confidence level, ask yourself
these questions:
• How confident are you that your maintenance plan will meet all the
requirements of HARPC?
• Can you produce that plan to FDA inspectors?
• Who is your qualified FSMA team?
• Do you have the right lubricants – are they food grade and
the right type?
• Eliminate all the guesswork with this course
Technical Knowledge Starts with a Solid Foundation
Training Options
MACHINERY • Public
LUBRICATION I
• Online
• Onsite
Course Topics
Learn the Crucial Elements of
Maintenance, Lubricant Selection • How Lubrication Affects
and Filtration Machine Reliability
Early on, Noria's experts and instructional designers • Lubrication Fundamentals
recognized an industry-wide need to establish
• Additives, Base Oils and
an effective blueprint for a best-practice-based
lubrication program. Machinery Lubrication I (ML I) Grease Thickeners
provides the essentials of proper lubricant application • Lubricant Performance Properties
while instilling proven industry methods for selecting,
storing, filtering and testing lubricants for improved • Additive Functions
machine reliability. Through ML I, you will move beyond • Food-grade and Environmentally
the dated methods of vague, non-specific lubrication friendly Lubricants
procedures to understand what to do and why there is
a right way to do it. • Grease and Oil Lubrication
By completing the course, you will leave ML I with a Methods
solid understanding of the crucial relationship between • Lubricants and Fluids for Journal/
lubricant health and machine reliability, as well as Rolling-Element Bearings, Gears,
understand how doing simple tasks or inspections Automotive, Compressors, Steam/
right will significantly extend machine life and cut
Gas Turbines, Hydraulics
costs. You will also gain better understanding of oil
analysis, allowing you to align your efforts with those • Contamination Control
of maintenance professionals or oil analysis experts.
• Oil Drains, Flushing and Reservoir
Management
• Storing/Handling Lubricants
Get Certified
Machinery Lubrication I prepares
students for ICML Level I MLT
certification. Certification testing
is available the Friday following
the training. Register for your
Want to learn more exam at Icmlonline.com.
about this course?
Download our brochure
or visit Noria.com/train.
10 800.597.5460 | Noria.com
Through our Machinery Lubrication training,
IKEC initiated a lubrication program that saves
them $2 million each year in annual losses.
noria.com/serv/customers

• Lubrication procurement • Procedure/quality-control implementation
• Equipment maintenance • Identifying cost-saving methods
• Ensuring equipment readiness and uptime • Operations planning
• Efficiency initiatives/design • Equipment reliability
Don't Forget Your Study Packet

Designed for both ICML Level I MLT and Level I MLA certification,
the Level I MLT/MLA Study Packet includes:
Flash Card Pack - 385 flash cards designed in preparation for
ICML Level I MLT certification.
125-Question Practice Exam - A great assessment tool, this
multiple-choice practice test is preparation for ICML Level I
MLT certification. It is licensed for use by one person.
How to Take a Multiple-Choice Exam - This booklet contains
advice from professionals who have passed ICML certification
exams as well as helpful hints to prepare the night before the exam, steps to take before
entering the exam room; techniques for time management during the exam, and advice for
handling diverse types of questions.
Machinery Lubrication Reference Guide - Packed with useful checklists, look-up tables,
charts and illustrations, this reference guide is designed to make information easily
accessible where you need it. Also doubles as a handy, on-the-job reference tool!
Oil Analysis Basics - With 90+ illustrations, figures and look-up tables, this book presents
the fundamentals of oil analysis for machinery condition monitoring in an easy-to-
understand format. The book covers everything from how to take a proper oil sample to
how to select a test slate for your applications.
The Practical Handbook of Machinery Lubrication - Noria’s all-time bestseller, this book
contains useful, actionable information that is ready for immediate use. The book contains
understandable explanations of how lubricants work, what they’re made of and how they break
down. Covering topics ranging from engine lubricants to industrial oils and hydraulic fluids, The
Practical Handbook of Machinery Lubrication is page-turner that will stay on the shelf.
Add the Study Packet to your course registration, or visit us at store.noria.com.
Advanced Training in Lubrication Excellence
Training Options
MACHINERY • Public
LUBRICATION II
• Online
• Onsite
Course Topics
Take Charge of Your
Lubrication Program • Lubrication Preventive
Maintenance Optimization
Machinery Lubrication II (ML II) covers advanced
and Design
lubrication topics like lubricant selection,
troubleshooting, predictive maintenance and more. • Troubleshooting Lubrication
Designed for maintenance professionals with a Problems
solid understanding of the benefits and potential
in excellent lubrication practices, this course builds • Lubrication and Oil
upon their knowledge and provides an in-depth Analysis Metrics
look into the world of lubrication. • Oil Drains, Flushing and
Built as a continuation of ML I, the ML II course Reservoir Management
prompts you to analyze machines for wear
symptoms and select lubricants and additives to • Accessorizing New Equipment
counteract or prevent damage. for Lubrication Excellence
Through ML II, you will be able to distinguish the • Lubricating Grease and Oil
appropriate lubricants and additives for every Application
application in your facility, guide staff in conducting
basic maintenance and analyze machine/fluid
• Advanced Lubrication Techniques
indicators for potential problems. These tools will • Base Oils
enable you to make comprehensive improvements
in the workplace, resulting in key savings of time, • Viscosity and Viscosity Index
money, storage space and training resources. • Oxidation and
Thermal Stability
• Air Release and Foam Control
• Lubricant Degradation
• Lubricant Selection
and Consolidation
Want to learn more Get Certified

about this course?
Machinery Lubrication II prepares
students for ICML Level II MLT
the training. Register for your
exam at Icmlonline.com.
12 800.597.5460 | Noria.com
• Lubrication procurement • Troubleshooting equipment
• Equipment maintenance design/process/material
• Systems operation/management • Equipment reliability
• Checking meters/recording instruments • Production management
• Mechanical inspections • Procedure/quality-control implementation
• Controlling lubricant contamination • Identifying cost-saving methods
Get Certified
Certification testing is the Friday following your training and conducted by
the International Council for Machinery Lubrication.
Which Certifications?
Completion of Machinery Lubrication I and Machinery Lubrication II will
prepare you for Level I Machine Lubrication Technician (MLT) and Level II
Machine Lubrication Technician (MLT) ICML certification exams.
For more information What Is ICML?

or to register for a The International Council for Machinery Lubrication (ICML) is a vendor-neutral,
certification exam, visit not-for-profit organization founded to facilitate the growth and development
Icmlonline.com. of machine lubrication as a technical field of endeavor. In addition to other
activities, ICML offers skill certification testing for individuals in the fields of
machine condition monitoring, lubrication and oil analysis.
...the information I learned can

improve our hydraulic systems by 40%.
-Vernon Player, PDM Tech, International Paper
OIL ANALYSIS REPORT
INTERPRETATION WORKSHOP
Training Options
Course Description
High-quality oil analysis is one of the • Public
most valuable tools in the condition- • Onsite
monitoring toolbox. Oil analysis labs
work hard to place critical machine Course Topics
condition data at your fingertips, but
it’s up to you to take it the rest of the • Using trend report results to identify potential
way. In this course, you will learn a
lubricant failures
systematic approach to translating
oil analysis reports into actionable • Identifying machine wear and failure modes from
maintenance decisions. You will report data
learn how to select the right tests
• Determining when to change, clean or restore
for measuring the right data points
lubricant properties
for specific processes, environments
and machine conditions. The course • Identifying when additives have been depleted
also touches on achieving accurate
• Using elemental analysis results to determine
and consistent data collection,
wear locations and mechanisms
removing data noise to accurately
identify false results, elemental • Selecting correct test packages for collecting
analysis interpretation, interpreting meaningful data on in-service lubricants
metallurgical composition
• Extracting meaningful analysis from test reports
combinations to identify wear modes,
setting key performance indicators • Determining lubricant condition and actions to
(KPIs) and alarm limits. ensure optimum lubricant performance
• Identifying when the environment and operation
Stop Wasting Money have impacted the lubricant
on Oil Analysis • Applying a systematic approach to reviewing
Oil analysis isn’t cheap, and neither test results and setting next steps
is the equipment on which it reveals • Identifying data noise from improper lubricant
information. Every year, industrial sampling and diagnosing potential sources
plants pay millions of dollars for
commercial laboratories to perform • Identifying a quality lab based upon key standards
analysis on used and new oil • Integrating field test and lab analysis results for
samples. Unfortunately, most of the developing a lubricant health scorecard
plant personnel who receive these
lab reports do not understand the • Applying a systematic approach for quick and
basics of how to interpret them. In effective data interpretation
this course, you will learn how to • Interpreting results for determining base oil
mine your oil analysis data to make and additive health, process and environmental
confident maintenance decisions.
contamination, filter performance and machine wear
14 800.597.5460 | Noria.com
Are You Catching Critical Early Warning Signals?
Properly established alarm limits are warning flairs that signal your machine is in trouble. There’s no
time to waste – immediate troubleshooting must take place and the problem found before it is too late.
If alarm limits aren’t set precisely, the results could be disastrous. Learn how to correctly position alarm
limits for specific machine types to ensure you’ll receive critical early warnings of impending failures and
root cause conditions
Who Should Attend? If You Use Any Of

• Machinery Lubricant Analysts
These Machines
• Lubrication Program • Gearboxes • Diesel Engines
Managers • Hydraulic Systems • Blowers/Fans
• Lubricant Lab Personnel • Compressors • Process Pumps
• Reliability Engineers • Final Drives • Gas Turbines
• Predictive Maintenance • Rolling Mills • Steam Turbines
Specialists
• Electric Motors
• Paper Machines
Reduce Data
Interpretation Errors
Even if you do everything
else right, the success of an
oil analysis program always
comes down to correct
interpretation of test data.
In this course you’ll learn
a systematic approach to
translating your oil analysis
data into actionable
information. You’ll learn how
to get the most from your oil
analysis program and stop
jumping to conclusions too
early in the process, reducing
errors in interpretation.
For dates, complete course description, or to enroll visit Noria.com/train or call 1-800-597-5460 15
Developing Verified Data
Training Options
OIL ANALYSIS II • Public

• Onsite
Course Topics
Uncover the Finer Aspects of
• Lubricant Health Monitoring
Contamination Control and
Comprehensive Oil Analysis • Oil Analysis Fundamentals
Oil Analysis II (OA II) approaches lubrication • Oil Sampling – The Very
excellence through the critical information to be Best Practices
gleaned from oil analysis. By starting this course, you
• Fluid Properties Analysis
will understand the basic analysis procedures from
ML I, and learn how to combine and apply these for • Contamination Control and
more advanced strategies in conducting impactful Proactive Maintenance
predictive maintenance.
• Fault Detection and Wear
In OA II, you will gain everything needed to properly
Particle Analysis
sample, monitor health and detect additive, thermal
and particle factors that degrade lubricants via on- • Instrument-free Onsite Tests
site tests and lab analysis. Taking knowledge from an
• Interactive Case Studies
oil analysis lab report, you will develop a proactive
line of defense against failures, factoring lab findings
Workshop
into your own onsite analyses for more precise, timely • Test Results and Oil Analysis
maintenance. Report Interpretation
By reviewing case studies, reading and interpreting oil
analysis reports and participating in group problem-
solving exercises, you will delve into the best practices
of oil sampling, learn the fundamentals for conducting Practice In Class
effective fluid analysis and become adept in analyzing
lubrication systems for optimal efficiency and savings, Oil Analysis II includes practice
ensuring that machine/fluid health, lubrication oil analysis reports and individual
procedures and objectives reflect the ideal for the and group participation in
plant, its personnel and the bottom line. problem-solving exercises.
Get Certified
Oil Analysis II prepares students
for ICML Level II MLA certification.
Want to learn more Certification testing is available
about this course? the Friday following the training.
Download our brochure Register for your exam at
or visit Noria.com/train. Icmlonline.com.
16 800.597.5460 | Noria.com
This is an outstanding course in understanding
the desired state and use of oil and how to
determine the best practices. I wish I would
have taken it a year and a half ago.
– Derik Williams, Engineer, US Army CERDEC

• Resource management • Efficiency initiatives/design
• Equipment maintenance • Quality-control implementation
• Systems operation/management • Operations planning
• Lubricant health and cleanliness targets • Sensor selections/installation
• Mechanical inspections • Lubrication program effectiveness
• Diagnostics and equipment troubleshooting • Choosing test slates
Don't Forget Your Study Packet

The Level II MLA Certification Study Packet is
designed to prepare students for ICML Level
II MLA certification. The packet includes:
Level II MLA Flash Cards - 440+ flash
cards designed in preparation for the ICML
Level II MLA certification exam.
Oil Analysis Basics - With 90+ illustrations,
figures and look-up tables, this book
presents the fundamentals of oil analysis
for machinery condition monitoring in
an easy-to-understand format. The book
covers everything from how to take a
proper oil sample to how to select a test
slate for your applications.
Wear Debris Analysis - With 70+
illustrations, figures and tables, this book
offers a practical look at wear debris and
wear particle analysis in many forms.
Machinery Oil Analysis - This unique,
in-depth analysis presents the entire practice of oil analysis as a condition monitoring tool for
machines. The book also describes the what, when, where and how-to for machinery lubrication
concepts, machinery failure and maintenance concepts, machinery failure modes, oil sampling and
testing, plus statistical analysis and data interpretation.
Add the Study Packet to your course registration, or visit us at store.noria.com.
Master Advanced Analysis
Training Options
OIL ANALYSIS III • Public

• Onsite
Course Topics
Take the Next Steps in Transforming
Your Oil Analysis • Understanding and Analyzing
Designed as a more in-depth look into this Machine Wear
specialized field, Oil Analysis III (OA III) gives you • Integrating Oil Analysis with
the tools and education to develop, implement Vibration Analysis
and sustain a first-rate, comprehensive oil analysis
program. Merging the machine lubrication and • Fluid Properties Analysis
oil analysis focuses of course prerequisites, OA III • Additive Depletion
trains you to diagnose problems like contamination,
corrosion and additive depletion – even with limited • Contamination Analysis
test results or difficult machines. • Grease Analysis
Through this course, you will compare detection
• Onsite Oil Analysis Options
and cost benefits/drawbacks for any type of lab
test to select the most precise option for your • Designing an Oil Analysis
needs. You will be able to gather extensive data on Program
a lubrication program, make informed decisions
and maintain the program as a major company • Cost/Benefit Analysis
asset. You will also gain strategies for applying
your data and analysis to build strong proposals for
improvement projects and calculate accurate return
on investment predictions. Practice In Class
By completing OA III, you will attain the highest
level of expertise and join the elite ranks of others Oil Analysis III includes practice
who create or assess new oil analysis programs oil analysis reports and individual
within any industrial workplace. and group participation in
problem-solving exercises.
Get Certified
Oil Analysis III prepares
students for ICML Level III MLA
Want to learn more the training. Register for your
about this course? exam at Icmlonline.com.
18 800.597.5460 | Noria.com
I was amazed of the information that’s
out there, and the techniques or tests
that can be taken for oil analyses.
-Reuben Clowdis, Lubrication Tech Huber Engineered Woods, LLC

• Systems operation/management • Troubleshooting equipment
• Operations design/process/material
• Equipment maintenance • Efficient utilization design
• Testing samples and interpreting results • Procedure/quality-control implementation
• Mechanical inspections • Cost/benefit analysis
• Diagnostics • Quality-control analysis
Suggested Reading
Machinery Oil Analysis Methods, Automation & Benefits - This
book uniquely presents the entire practice of oil analysis as a
condition monitoring tool for machines.
Wear Particle Atlas - A guide to wear particle analysis, this guide
contains photographs of typical wear particles found in used
lubricating oil, illustrative case histories and operational procedures
for wear debris analysis.
You can purchase these books online at Store.Noria.com.
Avoid Costly Mistakes And Reap The Benefits Of Good Oil Sampling
A small misstep when installing sampling production. The company discovered that
ports, performing oil sampling or choosing the tests being conducted could only
lubricants can translate into expensive identify degraded or wrong lubricants – not
problems. For most facilities, these mistakes impending failure.
are only apparent after problems arise or Successful oil sampling requires know-how.
through expert analysis. For example, a large Improper sampling port placement, running
steel mill installed 1,200 new sampling ports the wrong tests, poorly collected samples
and, after gathering strange data on multiple and more can compromise accuracy or even
occasions, learned they had been eliminate valuable information. Noria can
placed in the wrong locations. lend you the expertise to avoid these costly
Another Noria customer had been conducting mistakes so you can reap the full benefits of
oil analysis for years but was still unable good oil sampling.
to detect bearing failures that shut down

description, or
or to
to enroll,
Services & Solutions
Lubrication Program Development
Noria’s Lubrication Development Program (LPD) is a comprehensive lubrication overhaul of your
facility. Starting with a 540-point assessment of your existing lubrication practices and materials,
we use our findings to detail your “roadmap” to lubrication excellence. After developing a custom
lubrication program, Noria experts then deliver detailed instructions for maintenance routes, hardware
modifications, lubricant types and procedures. We also make recommendations for redesigning your
lubricant storage area to preserve lubricant quality and maximize space.
Prevent Mechanical Failure,

Train Personnel And
Maximize Efficiency
In One Program.
WORKFORCE
SOLUTIONS
Need help enhancing your lubrication and oil analysis program?
Workforce Solutions is your answer. Utilizing Noria’s network
of skilled professionals, this short-term solution provides a
combination of onsite and offsite support for various projects.
Whether your facility needs help with routes, onboarding
and/or verification of best practices, tasks and procedures,
Noria can help. To learn more, visit:
Noria.com/serve/workforce-solutions
20 800.597.5460 | Noria.com
Education & Training
To achieve plant-wide lubrication
excellence, Noria can train all
personnel – from those with no
technical background to those with
specialized roles. Noria offers five
nationally recognized courses on machinery
lubrication and oil analysis, with four of these
containing certification preparation. For more
details visit:
Noria.com/train
Technical Consulting
Lubrication-enabled reliability is Noria’s core mission; we
supply answers and advice for any reliability issue about
lubrication. Over the years, Noria technical consultants
have provided expert witnessing and forensic
investigations, laboratory studies, benchmarking and
specialized troubleshooting on a variety of machine
parts and systems.
For More Information,

Call 800-597-5460
Failure Investigation
Machine and lubricant failures-those are words no one
likes, but there is a solution. Noria’s network of expert
investigators covers a multitude of industries and
applications. Our technical consulting team has decades
of experience in root cause analysis, tribological
studies, lubricant analysis, debris/wear particle
identification, metallography and more. Our
failure investigators will provide the answers and
solutions to quickly and efficiently identify the
cause to ensure a complete and permanent fix.
Available Courses
ONLINE LEARNING • Machinery Lubrication I
• Machinery Lubrication II
• Food Processing Equipment
Lubrication
We realize scheduled get hectic. That’s why Noria

Key Features
offers three courses online: Machinery Lubrication
I, Machinery Lubrication II and Food Processing
• 125-question pre- and post-
Equipment Lubrication. With our online learning, assessments for Machinery
you receive: Lubrication I and Machinery
• Flexible Certification Preparation: Gain the right Lubrication II
understanding and steps for excellent condition-based • Knowledge checks for each
maintenance, prepare for a certification test and do it section to evaluate your
all on your own time – whenever it is best for you. understanding and ensure you
• Onboarding: Use this training for onboarding new know what to work on before
employees or to get your team up to speed quickly, moving forward
efficiently and in alignment with your company culture,
skills requirements and performance expectations. • Step-by-step interactive
demonstrations of common
• Self-paced: Log in anywhere, anytime on your
lubricant analysis test for
customized schedule for one year. Play, pause, rewind
Machinery Lubrication I and
and replay as often as needed. Learn while maintaining
Machinery Lubrication II
plant and operational schedules. ADA-compliant closed
captioning is available. • SCORM compliant, tablet ready
• Pre-/Post-assessment Quizzes: Track your • Includes closed captioning
knowledge and understanding through each section
• Machinery Lubrication I and
with quizzes designed to show your progress and
Machinery Lubrication II meets
areas that may require further attention.
the training requirements for
the ICML MLA and MLT Level I
For more information, visit Noria.com/train certifications
or call 1-800-597-5460.
Why Train Online?

Affordable: Reduce training
costs and improve productivity.
Flexible: Anytime, anywhere.
Online training enables your
team to learn at their own pace.
Easy To Use: Noria’s simple
click-and-watch training method
is easy for anyone to use.
Course Manual: Downloadable
PDF manual for future reference.
22 800.597.5460 | Noria.com
Available Courses
ENTERPRISE LEARNING • Machinery Lubrication I
• Machinery Lubrication II
• Food Processing Equipment
Lubrication
Online Training Reliabliity Skills Series

Bring online machinery lubrication and reliable skills training to
Quickly provide fundamental and
your entire company through Enterprise Online Learning. We can best-practice training to everyone
host the training content on your Learning Management System in your plant or your entire
(LMS) or provide a private, customized learning portal for your company with these great online
team. Our online learning solutions provide the following features: lessons.
• Monitor learning progress • How to Use a Grease Gun

• Train on your team’s schedule • How to Grease a Motor Bearing
• Verify skills • Introduction to Lubrication
• Prepare for industry certification Fundamentals
• Reduce travel expenses • Best Practices for Oil Sampling
• And more! • Best Practices for Lubricant
All modules are compliant with all training industry standards, and we can Storage and Handling
successfully implement the following reporting formats: AICC, SCORM 1.2 • Lubrication Basics for Machinery
and xAPI (Tin Can). If you don’t have an LMS, ask us about a no-hassle, Operators
branded solution for your organization.
Available Courses
BRING NORIA • Industrial Lubrication
TRAINING TO YOU
Fundamentals
• Machinery Lubrication I & II
• Oil Analysis II & III
Private Onsite Training

Looking for a personalized training plan for your facility? We offer onsite training to meet your
company’s schedules, goals and budget needs.
Online training allows for personalized training with examples from onsite equipment, allowing
employees to rotate through consecutive one-day trainings and bring personnel from multiple plants to
one onsite training. Whether you have 15 people or 500, we are committed to providing options that will
have the smallest impact on your production.
For more information, visit Noria.com/train or call 1-800-597-5460.

description, or
or to
to enroll,
1328 East 43rd Court
Tulsa, OK 74105
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TRAINING MATTERS
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Machinery Lubrication March April 2019 PDF

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Machinery Lubrication March April 2019 PDF

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March - April 2019

THIS ISSUE SPONSORED BY:

OIL ANALYSIS 14 AS I SEE IT

TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION 48

BACK PAGE BASICS 52

EDITORIAL FEATURES DEPARTMENTS 46 Test Your Knowledge

AS I SEE IT Maintenance and Reliability

How the IIoT Is Changing

“The IIoT The industrial internet

2 | March - April 2019 | www.machinerylubrication.com

Real-time Sensing TECHNICAL WRITERS

REAL WORLD CONTENT NOTICE: The recommendations and information

for mutual benefit related to machine performance and

4 | March - April 2019 | www.machinerylubrication.com

Be Sure to Check out These Exhibiting IIoT Companies

EXTEND THE LIFE OF YOUR BEARINGS

FOR INSPECTION FOR LUBRICATION

Detect early bearing failures Listen to your bearings and

Tribology Data Other Condition

6 | March - April 2019 | www.machinerylubrication.com

Over-lubrication is a leading cause of failure in electric motor bearings.

www.machinerylubrication.com | March - April 2019 | 7

Visit us at Booth #502

The Hub of Lubricant Monitoring

For more information visit Luneta.com | 888-742-2021

By Natalie Blythe, Noria Corporation

8 | March - April 2019 | www.machinerylubrication.com

you look at the foundations for RCM, one of those foundations

10 | March - April 2019 | www.machinerylubrication.com

ISO 9001 Certified | 905.854.9978 | Biederman.ca

In regard to operator awareness.

12 | March - April 2019 | www.machinerylubrication.com

14 | March - April 2019 | www.machinerylubrication.com

SONIC STRESS WAVES ULTRASONIC STRESS WAVES

is very slow, the temperature is high, or the

16 | March - April 2019 | www.machinerylubrication.com

18 | March - April 2019 | www.machinerylubrication.com

Slip friction can be a telltale sign of inade-

Slip Contact, Sliding Contact,

www.machinerylubrication.com | March - April 2019 | 19

Slip happens when two Monitoring More Faults,

Measuring Forceful Events

20 | March - April 2019 | www.machinerylubrication.com

MACHINERY LUBRICATION I MACHINERY LUBRICATION II

Training Matters. | ONLINE • ONSITE • PUBLIC COURSES | Noria.com/train

What You Should

“The problem Flow dividers are common

A flow divider schematic symbol

22 | March - April 2019 | www.machinerylubrication.com

SYN LUBE SERIES 22-100 100% SYNTHETIC

SYNAC SERIES 100% SYNTHETIC DIESTER-BASED

SYNCOOL FG ECO FRIENDLY

SFGO ULTRA SERIES 22- 68 NSF H1 REGISTERED

24 | March - April 2019 | www.machinerylubrication.com

Gear-up for efficiency. H a ll 2 4 4

Cautions and The Oil Additives specialists at Evonik―Let it flow.

If crossports are built into the flow

www.machinerylubrication.com | March - April 2019 | 25

Your Lubrication Journey Starts Here.

Spanning four days, Machinery Lubrication 2019 brings

In addition to educational offerings, Machinery Lu-

Just Brought Our Own Oil Lab In-House,

1. Discover solutions that you can implement