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AD-DA CONVERTER

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AD-DA CONVERTER

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AD-DA CONVERTER

Analog / Digital Conversion 2-Step Process:


• Quantizing - breaking down analog value to set of finite states
• Encoding - assigning a digital word or number to each state

Two ways to improve accuracy: 2-Step Process:


Increase Resolution: improves accuracy
Increase Sampling Rate: high pitch

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AD-DA CONVERTER

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A/D Converter
AD-DA CONVERTER

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AD-DA CONVERTER

3-bit conversion example

5V divided into 8 levels – each 0.625


Each binary representation is a “range”
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AD-DA CONVERTER

Flash Analog to Digital Converter


• series of comparators, each one compares input to a
unique reference voltage.
• comparator outputs connect to a priority encoder circuit
produces binary output
• Fast – but more expensive

• Single cycle - Uses many Comparators in parallel


with different reference voltages
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AD-DA CONVERTER

Flash Analog to Digital Converter


Analog Digital

• 2N-1 comparators for N-bits


• Each reference voltage
equivalent to a quantization
level
• Encoding logic produces
word

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AD-DA CONVERTER

Flash Analog to Digital Converter

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AD-DA CONVERTER

Flash Analog to Digital Converter


Advantages Disadvantages
• Simplest in terms of operational • Lower resolution
theory • Expensive
• Most efficient in terms of speed, • For each additional output bit, the
very fast number of comparators is doubled
• limited only in terms of comparator • For 8 bits, 256 comparators needed
and gate propagation delays

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AD-DA CONVERTER
Dual Slope Converter

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AD-DA CONVERTER
Dual Slope Converter

The sampled signal charges a capacitor for a fixed amount of time.


By integrating over time, noise integrates out of the conversion.
Then the ADC discharges the capacitor at a fixed rate with the
counter counts the ADC’s output bits.
A longer discharge time results in a higher count

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AD-DA CONVERTER
Dual Slope Converter

Advantages Disadvantages
• Input signal is averaged • Slow
• Greater noise immunity • High precision external
than other ADC types components required to
• High accuracy achieve accuracy

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AD-DA CONVERTER
Successive Approximation ADC
Instead of counting up in binary
sequence, this register counts by
trying all values of bits starting
with the MSB and finishing at
the LSB.
The register monitors the
comparators output to see if the
binary count is greater or less
than the analog signal input and
adjusts the bits accordingly

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AD-DA CONVERTER
Successive Approximation ADC

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AD-DA CONVERTER
Successive Approximation ADC
Advantages Disadvantages

• Capable of high speed and • Higher resolution


reliable successive
• Medium accuracy approximation ADC’s
compared to other ADC will be slower
types • Speed limited to ~5Msps
• Good tradeoff between
speed and cost
• Capable of outputting the
binary number in serial
(one bit at a time) format.

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