Landscape Specification PDF

BAHRAIN DEFENCE FORCE
CARDIAC CENTRE
AL AWALI
KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN
May 2013
Notice
This document and its contents have been prepared and are intended solely for the Bahrain
Defence Force Cardiac Centre Project
Atkins assumes no responsibility to any other party in respect of or arising out of or in
connection with this document and/or its contents.
Document History
JOB NUMBER: 5109994 DOCUMENT REF: 5109994-00-SP-L-0001
Revision Purpose Description Originated Checked Reviewed Authorised Date
0 For client review JC GG GG MAY 13
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BDF –Cardiac Centre
SPECIFICATION DOCUMENT
May 2013
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Table of Contents
BAHRAIN DEFENCE FORCE 1
CARDIAC CENTRE 1
AL AWALI 1
Tables 10
L10:Plant Soil Material 11
10.1 General 12
10.2 Samples Testing 12
10.3 Placement of Soil 13
10.4 Materials 13
10.4.1 Sweet Sand 13
10.5 Fertilizers 15
10.5.1 General 15
10.5.2 Controlled Release Compound Fertilizer 15
10.5.3 Slow Release Fertilizer 15
10.5.4 Superphosphate Fertilizer 16
10.5.5 Nitrogen Fertilizer 16
10.5.6 Sequestrene 16
10.5.7 Perlite 16
10.5.8 Water Saving Soil Additive 16
10.6 Compost/ Organic Matter 17
10.6.1 General 17
10.7 Material 17
10.7.1 Recycled Organic Compost 17
10.7.2 Dried and Treated and Sterilised Cow Manure 17
10.8 Compost Testing 18
10.9 Planting Medium Mixes 19
10.9.1 Batching and Mixing 19
10.9.2 General Planting Fill 19
10.9.3 Planting Backfill Mix 19
10.9.4 Planting Mix ‘C’ 20
10.10 Water Saving Material 20
L11:Earthworks & Grading 21
11.1 General 22
11.2 Major Grading 23
11.3 Excavation for Formation Levels and Trenches 23
11.4 Fine Grading and Shaping 24
L20:Softscape Planting 25
20.1 Scope of Works 26
20.2 Quality Standards 26
20.3 General 26
20.4 Materials 27
20.5 Palms 29
20.6 Grass Stolons 29
20.7 Tree Stakes 29
20.8 Tree Ties 30
20.9 Temporary Planting Screens 30
20.10 Coarse Sand 30
20.11 Anti Desiccant 30
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20.12 Drainage 30
20.13 Geotextile 31
20.14 Bark Mulch 31
20.15 Root Barriers 31
20.16 Workmanship 32
20.17 Soil Grading and Preparation 32
20.18 Handling and Transportation of Plants 32
20.19 On site Acclimatisation and Storage 32
20.20 Plant Timing 32
20.21 Pit Sizes 33
20.22 Planting Backfill Medium 33
20.23 Planting Sequence 34
20.24 Grass 35
20.25 Turfing 35
20.26 Close Turfing: Ground Preparation 36
20.27 Close Turfing: Operations 36
20.28 Grass Stolons 36
20.29 Protect Building Finishes and Site Structures 37
20.30 Protection of Drainage Channels 37
20.31 Protection of Subsurface Services 37
20.32 Notice of Intentions 37
20.33 Notice 38
20.34 Samples 38
20.35 Plant Inspections 39
20.36 Substitutions 39
20.37 Chemical Applications 39
20.38 Work by Machine or Hand 39
20.39 Heavy Machinery 39
20.40 Delivery 39
20.41 Plant Material Protection 40
20.42 Preparation and Storage of Materials 40
20.43 Setting Out 40
L21:Softscape Accessories 42
21.2 Quality Standards 43
21.3 Submittals 43
21.4 Samples 43
21.5 Substitutions 43
21.6 Delivery 44
21.7 Drainage 44
21.8 Materials 44
21.9.1 Geotextile Membrane 44
21.9.2 Root Barriers 45
21.9.3 Scope 45
21.9.4 Sample 45
21.9.5 Material 45
21.9.6 Mulching 45
21.9.7 Bark Mulch 45
L30:Completion and Maintenance: 47
Soft Landscape 47
30.1 General 48
30.3 Substantial Completion 48
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30.4 Failure of Plants 48
30.5 Damage by Others 48
30.6 Maintenance Period / Establishment Period 48
30.7 Operations and Maintenance Manual 48
30.7.1 Technical description of the equipment: 49
30.7.2 Personnel 49
30.8 Maintenance 49
30.8.1 Responsibilities 49
30.8.2 Maintenance Tasks 50
30.9 Workmanship 50
30.9.1 Tree Maintenance 51
30.9.1.1 Irrigation 51
30.9.1.2 Fertilizer Application 51
30.9.1.3 Weeding and Hoeing 51
30.9.1.4 Removal of Shoots and Dead Twigs 51
30.9.1.5 Pruning 51
30.9.1.6 Protection 51
30.9.1.7 Hard Areas Bordering Trees 51
30.9.1.8 Tree Ties 52
30.9.2 Shrubs, Climbers and Ground Cover Maintenance 52
30.9.2.1 Irrigation 52
30.9.2.3 Weeding and Hoeing 52
30.9.2.4 Removal of Water Shoots and Dead Twigs 52
30.9.2.5 Pruning 52
30.9.2.6 Replacement of Stakes, Canes or Ties 53
30.9.2.7 Protection 53
30.9.2.8 Tying in of Vines and Climbers 53
30.9.3 Grass Maintenance 53
30.9.3.2 Weeding 53
30.9.3.3 Spiking 53
30.9.3.4 Stone Picking 53
30.9.3.5 Cutting 53
30.9.3.6 Replacement Planting 53
30.9.4 Pest and Disease Control 54
30.9.5 Micronutrients 54
30.9.6 Chemicals 54
30.9.7 Irrigation Maintenance 54
30.9.8 Replacement 54
30.9.9 Final Planting Inspection and Acceptance 55
30.9.10 Special Guarantee 55
30.9.11 As-Built Drawings 55
L40:Landscape Irrigation System 56
40.1 General 57
40.3 Design Criteria 57
40.4 Submittals 58
40.5 Materials and Equipment Schedule 58
40.6 Existing Services and permits to work 58
40.7 Shop Drawings and Verifications of Dimensions 58
40.7.1 Manufacturers Certifications 59
40.7.2 UPVC Pipe and Fittings 59
40.7.3 Valves and special steel fittings 60
40.7.4 Emitters 60
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40.7.5 Manufacturers Recommendations 60
40.7.6 Spare Parts 60
40.7.7 Installation and Testing 60
40.7.8 Progress Report 60
40.7.9 Manufacturers Literature 60
40.7.10 As-Built Conditions 61
40.7.11 Circuit Diagrams 61
40.7.12 Operations and Maintenance Manuals 61
40.7.13 Silence of Specifications 61
40.7.14 System Explanations 62
40.7.15 Layout of Work 62
40.7.16 Clean Up 62
40.7.17 Warranty 62
40.7.18 Product Storage and Handling 62
40.7.19 Operation and Maintenance 63
40.7.20 Materials 63
40.7.21 Definitions 63
40.7.22 Pipes and Fittings 63
40.7.23 Polyethylene pipe and fittings 64
40.7.24 Steel Pipe and Fittings 64
40.7.25 Threaded steel pipes and fittings 65
40.7.26 Ductile Iron Pipe and Fittings 65
40.7.27 Valves and Accessories 65
40.7.28 Solenoid Valves 65
40.7.29 Gate Valves 66
40.7.30 Air Valves 66
40.7.31 Quick Coupling Valve 67
40.7.32 Valve Boxes 67
40.7.33 Pressure compensating emitters 68
40.7.34 Pressure compensating inline drippers 68
40.7.35 For Groundcovers: 69
40.7.36 For Seasonal Flowers: 69
40.7.37 For Trees: 69
40.7.38 For Shrubs, the arrangement of emitters shall be as following: 69
40.7.39 Pressure compensating bubblers 70
40.7.40 Pop up sprayers 70
40.7.41 Pressure Gauges 71
40.7.42 Underground warning tape 71
40.7.43 Electrical Equipment 71
40.7.44 Electrical wire for solenoid valves and satellite controller 71
40.7.45 Wire connectors 72
40.7.46 Power Cables 73
40.7.47 Approved Manufacturers List 73
40.8 PVC Pipe Installations 74
40.8.1 Drip Line Pipe 75
40.8.2 Valves 75
40.8.3 Irrigation Equipment 75
40.8.4 Irrigation Control Equipment 75
40.9 Testing 76
40.9.1 Pipe Line Pressure (sub-main) 76
40.9.2 Painting 76
40.9.3 Thrust Blocks (sub-main) 76
40.9.4 Electrical Codes 76
40.9.5 Electrical Tests 77
40.9.6 Electrical Installations 77
40.10 Commissioning 77
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40.10.1 Flushing 77
40.10.2 Field Work 78
40.10.3 Irrigation Control System 78
40.10.4 Operational and Maintenance Manual 78
40.10.5 As-Built Drawings 78
L50:Site Furniture & Landscape Features 80
50.2 General 81
50.3 Types of Furniture 81
50.4 Lighting 81
50.4.1 Bollard 81
50.4.2 Tree Spike Light: 81
50.4.3 Landscape Up light: 82
50.4.4 Plaza Area Light 82
50.4.5 Canopy Down Lights 83
50.4.6 Pavement Inset Lights 83
L80:Landscape Paving Materials 84
80.2 General 85
80.3 Quality Assurance 85
80.4 Precast Concrete Paving 85
80.5 Natural Stone Paving Paving 87
80.5.1 Repair and Cleaning 88
80.5.2 Protection of Paving 88
L81:Granular Sub Bases to Paving 89
81.1 Scope 90
81.2 Checking California Bearing Ratio (CBR) 90
81.3 Compaction of Sub Grade 90
81.3.1 Subgrade for Vehicular Areas 90
81.3.2 Subgrade for Vehicular Areas 90
81.3.3 Subgrade for Pedestrian Areas 91
81.4 Geotextile Filter 91
81.5 Irrigation Sleeve 91
81.6 Type B Granular Material 91
81.6.1 Type A Granular Material 91
81.6.2 Granular Material 91
81.7 Placing Granular Material Generally 92
81.8 Laying Granular Sub-Bases for Vehicular Areas 92
81.9 Laying Granular Sub-Bases for Pedestrian Areas 92
81.10 Accuracy 92
81.11 Blinding 93
81.12 Protection 93
L89:Landscape Concrete Sub-bases 94
89.1 General 95
89.2 Cement 95
89.3 Aggregate 95
89.4 Water 96
89.5 Admixtures 96
89.6 Reinforcement 96
89.7 Formwork 96
89.8 Sand 97
89.9 Samples 97
89.10 Surfaces 97
89.11 Surface Preparation 97
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89.12 Curing 98
89.13 Levels 98
89.14 Mixing 98
89.15 Screeding 99
89.16 External Plaster 99
89.17 In Situ Concrete Mixes, Casting and Curing 99
89.17.1 General 99
89.17.2 Concrete Mixes 100
89.17.3 Construction Joints 100
89.17.4 Location of Construction Joints: 101
89.17.5 Workmanship 101
89.17.6 Movement Joints: 101
89.17.7 Blinding Layer: 101
89.17.8 Concrete Repair Works: 102
89.17.9 Re-enforcement to In-Situ Concrete 102
L90:Paving and Edging 103
90.1 Scope 104
90.2 General 104
90.3 Related British Standards and Other References 104
90.4 Definitions 104
90.5 Levels, Reference Points and Setting Out 105
90.6 Related Work 105
90.7 Quality Assurance 105
90.8 Submittals 105
90.9 Delivery, Storage and Handling 105
90.10 Project Conditions 105
90.11 Substrates 106
90.12 Extra Material 106
90.13 Materials 106
90.14 General 106
90.15 Materials 106
90.16 Dimensions and Tolerances 107
90.17 Sampling Blocks 107
90.18 Test for Compressive Strength 108
90.19 Test for Water Absorption 108
90.20 Paving Patterns 108
90.21 Colours 109
90.22 Workmanship 109
90.23 Pavement Construction – Sand Bedding 109
90.24 Compaction – Concrete Blocks 109
90.25 Accuracy 110
90.26 Protection of Paving 110
90.27 Pavement Construction – Mortar Bedding 110
90.28 Examination 110
90.29 Installations 111
90.30 Edging – Mortar Bedding 112
90.31 Laying 112
90.32 Radius Kerbs / Channels 112
90.33 Accuracy 112
90.34 Narrow Mortar Joints 112
90.35 Repair and Cleaning 113
90.36 Sealant 113
90.37 Protection of Paving 113
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12
Tables
Chemical Characteristics of Soil 13
Physical Characteristics of Soil 14
Organic Compost Characteristics 18
Planting Species List 27
Planting Pit and Bed Sizing 33
Planting Backfill Depth 34
Geotextile properties 45
Valve Box Sizing 67
Standard Irrigation Spray Performance 70
Irrigation Approved Manufacturers List 73
Sub grade Accuracy 93
Concrete mixes 100
Concrete Block Unit Sizing 107
| Tables 10
L10:Plant Soil Material
| L10:Plant Soil Material 11

10.1 General
The Contractor shall as part of his Tender submit his outline method statement for type,
sourcing and supply of the components of the planting soil material. Any Contractor‘s
alternatives must be identified in this method statement, with a clear description of the
technical and financial benefits of his proposals. The Contractor shall also identify examples
of the products used on similar projects, providing the Engineer the opportunity to view the
material in-situ.
Components used to form the plant soil material will include:
 Sweet sand or washed marine sand;
 Compost/ organic matter; and
 Fertilizers.
The Contractor should confirm within the tender method statement whether he proposes to
use washed marine sand, green waste etc. Source of these materials should be identified
along with sample chemical and mechanical analysis test results. The test and analysis
results must be by a qualified agricultural soils laboratory.
The representative samples of sand and organic matter shall be analysed for the
characteristics listed in Table 1.0 and results submitted to the Engineer for approval. See
Tables 1.0 and 2.0 for general characteristics of sweet sand and washed marine sand.
10.2 Samples Testing

Submittals of analysis of planting sand and organic material shall be made prior to delivery
and placement on site. Each sample shall be tested and analysed by a qualified agricultural
soils laboratory using test standards and methods outlined in BS 3882: 1994 and BS1377-2:
1990 of this specification unless otherwise instructed by the Engineer. The results are to be
submitted in writing to the Engineer. Tests shall be carried out at a frequency of not less than
3
one sample per 1,000m . This may be increased at the discretion of the Engineer.
All testing procedures as set out in this specification shall be deemed to be included in the
Contractor‘s rates.
Analysis to include:
- Soil type, structure and texture – particle size distribution – see Table 2.0
- Percolation rate and porosity @ 30cm tension and at 40cm tension – compaction
15M/kg
- pH value
o
- Electrical Conductivity (EC) in micro mhos/ cm at 25 C.
- Total carbonate Ion content (CaCo3)
- Percentage Nitrogen (N)
- Total and available Phosphorous (P)
- Soluble and exchangeable Potassium (K)
- Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na), Iron (Fe), Boron (B), Chloride (Cl),
carbonate (Co3) Bicarbonate (HCo3), Nitrate (No3) and Sulphate (So4) content
- Carbon: Nitrogen ratio
- Total dissolvable solids in ppm
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BDF- Cardiac Centre
- Organic matter percentage
- Sodium absorption rate (SAR)
In addition to the above, the Contractor shall provide the Engineer with a written report from
the approved testing station that with comments the proposed source complies with the
requirements of this specification.
10.3 Placement of Soil

All planting mixes shall be placed by a loose tipping method and shall not be run over after
placement by heavy plant or equipment.
10.4 Materials
10.4.1 Sweet Sand
The sweet sand shall be free-draining, non-toxic and capable of sustaining healthy plant
growth. The soil shall not contain calcium carbonate, subsoil, refuse, roots, heavy clay,
noxious weeds, phytoxic materials, coarse sand, rocks, brush, litter or any other deleterious
materials.
Sand Characteristics
Refer to Table 1 for the typical chemical and physical characteristics.
Table 1 – Chemical Characteristics
Item General Standard Typical Washed Marine

Sand
pH 6.0 - 7.5 6.5 - 8.5
Electrical ≤ 2500 mmhos in ≤ 2500 mmhos in

Conductivity (EC) saturated extract saturated extract
Chlorides ≤ 220 ppm in saturated ≤ 220 ppm in saturated

extract extract
Sulphates ≤ 15 ppm in saturated

extract
Sodium adsorption ≤ 5% ≤ 5%
rate (SAR)
Nitrates ≤ 75 ppm in saturated ≤ 75 ppm in saturated

extract extract
Potassium 100-400 ppm in 1.5 100-400 ppm in 1.5
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Item General Standard Typical Washed Marine
Sand
ammonium nitrate ammonium nitrate
extractant: ½ hour shake extractant: ½ hour shake
Boron ≤ 1.0 ppm, hot water ≤ 1.0 ppm, hot water

soluable soluable
Sodium (Na) ≤ 250ppm
Calcium ≤ 2000 ppm
Magnesium ≤ 100 ppm ≤ 100 ppm
Table 2 – Physical Characteristics
Grading Envelope
BS Sieve General Standard Typical Washed Marine

1337-2 Size % by Mass Passing Sand % by Mass
Descri Passing
pt.
Mediu 10mm 100% 100%

m
Gravel 6mm 90-100% 90-100%
Fine 2mm 80-90% 65-100%

Gravel
Coarse 1mm 70-90% 25-80%

Sand
0.6mm 60-80% 25-80%
Mediu 0.2mm 40-60% 5-48%

m Sand
Fine 0.1mm 5-15% 0-15%

Sand
0.06mm 5-10% 0-3%
Silt 0.06- 3-3% 0%

0.002m
m
Clay < Max 0-5% 0%

0.002m
m
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BDF- Cardiac Centre
10.5 Fertilizers
10.5.1 General
Fertilizer shall be furnished in standard containers with the name, weight and guaranteed
analysis of the contents, as well as supplier details, clearly marked.
When a mixed fertilizer is specified, the first number shall represent the minimum percentage
of soluble nitrogen (N), the second number shall represent the minimum percentage of
available phosphoric acid (P) and the third number shall represent the minimum percentage
of water soluble potash (K).
The Contractor shall review the fertilizer application types and rates for planting, post planting
and maintenance operations. This shall take full account of the irrigation water fertilizer
injection programme. The Contractor shall provide a method statement covering application of
fertilizers for the project for Engineer‘s approval.
The rates described below are for the first application prior or directly post planting. Further
applications before and during maintenance shall be carried out in accordance with the
Engineer‘s instructions given on site and in accordance with section L30 of this specification.
10.5.2 Controlled Release Compound

Fertilizer
General fertilizer shall be:
Type: General fertilizer; organic resin coated controlled release compound fertilizer,
shall have release longevity of 7-8 months at 31 degrees C soil temperature:
Trees, shrubs and grass areas: 16-18-5 + Fe (Iron) + trace elements
Rate: Refer to clause on Planting Mixes
Application: In accordance with supplier‘s recommendations
Product: The Scotts Company - Osmocote or equal approved
10.5.3 Slow Release Fertilizer

Type: Slow release complete fertilizer tablets, shall have release longevity of 7-8
months at 31 degrees C soil temperature:
Trees and shrubs: 20-10-5 + Fe (Iron)
Tablets shall contain trace elements in chelated form. The tablets shall be
formed and compressed to ensure a continuous release of fertilizer elements
for a minimum of 6 months
Rate: Generally:
- Trees: 1 tablet of 21gms for every 10mm of trunk diameter
- Shrubs: 1 tablet of 21gms for every 300mm of height
Application: In accordance with supplier‘s recommendations
Product: Contractor to source to Engineer‘s approval and subjected to
Municipality approval.
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BDF- Cardiac Centre
10.5.4 Superphosphate Fertilizer
Type: Single superphosphate with a minimum content of 18% P205.
Rate: Refer to clauses on Planting Mixes
Application: In accordance with supplier‘s recommendations.
Product: Contractor to source to Engineer‘s approval.
10.5.5 Nitrogen Fertilizer

Type: Organic nitrogen fertilizer.
2
Rate: Top dressing 7-10kg/ 100m
Product: Milorganite 6-2-0 Fertilizer or equal approved.
Use: Shall be applied to grass areas as a top dressing prior to sprigging or turning.
As part of maintenance programme; grass areas.
10.5.6 Sequestrene
Sequestrene 138 – 6% fully chelated EDDHA iron or similar compound containing
concentrated iron chelate.
To be applied as part of soil preparation for trees and shrubs/ hedges/ groundcover.
To be applied in accordance with manufacturer‘s recommendations.
10.5.7 Perlite
Perlite shall be horticultural grade conforming to N.B.S PS 23-70 with a particle range of
1.5mm to 4.8mm, delivered in manufacturers unopened containers.
Perlite to be used in soil mix for plant containers or as instructed by the Engineer where a
‗lighter‘ soil mix is required or where improved drainage is required.
10.5.8 Water Saving Soil Additive

The contractor shall propose a water-saving soil ameliorative treatment for approval by the
Engineer. This product shall consist of naturally occurring materials made up from layers of
diatoms and volcanic tuffs or similar. Synthetic polymer products will not be considered. The
ameliorant shall have no detrimental effects on soil or plant material.
The contractor will be required to warrant the additive to effectively reduce the consumption of
irrigation water by 40% for a period not less than 10 years (based on the normal anticipated
irrigation water consumption should the planting medium not contain the water saving
material).
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BDF- Cardiac Centre
10.6 Compost/ Organic Matter
10.6.1 General
The addition of organic matter constitutes textural soil amendment and is required to improve
drainage, aeration and other aspects of the physical root environment. The Contractor shall
ensure that this material fulfils the requirements for organic matter for the project in that it
must be fibrous and water retentive, must be able to hold and release nutrients particularly
micro-nutrients. Where more than one product is proposed the Contractor shall provide the
Engineer with a technical analysis of how the various products will work together in a
complementary way. For example if water retention products are proposed, though not strictly
organic, they must not inhibit drainage and should be able to hold water at a reasonably low
level of soil moisture tension.
10.7 Material
Compost shall be either:
10.7.1 Recycled Organic Compost

This material shall follow the following parameters:
 Material shall be solely domestic and must not contain other waste products.
 Freedom from possible contaminants and pathogens, heavy metals, chlorides and other
salts. Freedom from plastic particles, glass, stone, brick or concrete as well as meeting
public healthy standards.
 Uniformity of quality; consistent standards; programme of quality control.
Refer to Table 3.0 for physical and chemical characteristics.
10.7.2 Dried and Treated and Sterilised Cow

Manure
Approved dried and treated and sterilised cow manure (poultry manure will not be accepted),
free from any deleterious matter from a source approved by the Municipality. The sterilised
manure is to be guaranteed to be free from nematodes or harmful bacteria.
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BDF- Cardiac Centre
10.8 Compost Testing
Table 3 – Organic Compost: Characteristics
General Typical Typical

Properties Recycled Ground Bark
Organic
Compost
Chemical Characteristics
pH 6.5-7.0 5.5-7.5 5-6.5
Organic matter (loss of 50-80% Not less than Not less than
ignition at 550oC) 50% 80%
Electrical Conductivity ≤ 1000 mmhos ≤ 1500 mmhos ≤ 1000 mmhos
Total Nitrogen (N) 0.7 – 2.0% 0.7 – 2.0% 0.7 – 2.0%
Water Soluable Nitrate 85mg/l
Total Phosphorous (P) 0.2-0.6% 0.3-0.6% 0.2%
Water Soluable 50 ppm

Phosphorous
Total Potassium (K) 0.8-1.0% 0.8-1.0%
Water Soluable 600 ppm

Potassium
CEC meq/(100gms) 80-120 80-120
Calcium (Ca) 500 ppm
Magnesium (Mg) 25-100 ppm 100 ppm
Sodium adsorption rate ≤ 3.0 ≤ 3.0 ≤ 2.0

(SAR)
Boron (in saturation ≤ 2.0 ≤ 2.0 ≤ 0.5 ppm

extract)
Iron (Fe) ppm 1-200 ppm
Carbon: Nitrogen Ratio 18:1 26:1
Physical Characteristics
Material passing 10mm 100%
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BDF- Cardiac Centre
General Typical Typical
Properties Recycled Ground Bark
Organic
Compost
Material passing 90-100%

6.3mm

2.38mm

0.50mm
Bulk Density Approx. Approx 300-400kg/m3

400kg/m3 400kg/m3
10.9 Planting Medium Mixes

10.9.1 Batching and Mixing
Specified soil additives shall be mixed with sweet soil at the rates specified. The planting
medium shall be mixed mechanically by an approved method to create a homogeneous
mixture. Application rates for ameliorants shall be checked and approved by the Engineer
prior to mixing each batch.
10.9.2 General Planting Fill

Planting Mix ‘A’
Soil mix ‗A‘ for general planting fill shall consist of the following (per cubic metre) basic
planting area fill:
 5parts sweet sand/ washed marine sand
 1 part ground bark or similar approved organic soil conditioner
This mix shall be used as the base landscape fill to all areas where soft landscape will be pit
planted.
This mix shall also be used as the bottom 300mm of the 550mm shrub beds and the bottom
150mm of the 300mm grass beds.
Palm pits: palms to be planted into general planting mix ‗A‘, 1.5 x 25kg bags of compost mix
and fertilizer to be applied per pit 3 months after planting.
10.9.3 Planting Backfill Mix

Planting Mix ‘B’
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BDF- Cardiac Centre
Use: Trees (excluding palms), shrubs and climbers
Planting backfill mix ‗B‘ shall consist of the following (per cubic metre):
 5 parts sweet sand
 3 parts ground bark or similar approved organic matter with high lignite content
 25kg processed animal manure
 5kg controlled release fertilizer (N.P.K. analysis 16-17-5 + Fe & trace elements)
 100gm sequestrene 138
 100gm chelated micronutrients EDDHA supply Mn, Zn and Cu
 1kg superphosphate
See paragraphs on fertilizer for additional slow release tablet requirements.
10.9.4 Planting Mix ‘C’

Use: Grass bed and groundcover bed
Planting backfill mix ‗C‘ shall consist of the following (per cubic metre):
 5 parts sweet sand (or marine washed sand)
 2 parts peat, ground bark or similar approved organic soil conditioner
 25kg processed animal manure
 3kg controlled release fertilizer (N.P.K analysis 16-17-5+Fe+trace elements)
 0.5kg superphosphate
See paragraphs on fertilizer for additional slow release tablet requirements for ground cover
plants and top dressing of nitrogen fertilizer for grass areas.
10.10 Water Saving Material

To be applied at the rates recommended by the suppliers (or manufacturers) instructions.
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BDF- Cardiac Centre
L11:Earthworks & Grading
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BDF- Cardiac Centre
11.1 General
Earthworks shall involve the grading of soil for earth mounding, the excavation of trenches
and soil for formation levels of pathways and foundations, and the fine grading of earth banks
and landscape areas roughly graded by others.
Excavation shall be carried out to the depth shown on or implied in the drawings or to such
greater or lesser depths as the Engineer may direct. The Contractor shall supply and fit all
shoring, sheeting, strutting and walling required to maintain the sides of excavations as long
as necessary and to remove them as required. No claim shall be entertained for either bulking
or compacting and all other quantities shall be measured net from the drawings.
The stripping and replacement of the subsoil shall only be done in dry weather and ground
conditions unless in exceptional circumstances the Engineer authorises otherwise. Subsoil in
heaps or dumps shall not be sited so as to damage or impede watercourses or other drainage
so long as they are capable of remaining in operation. Any weeds that may grow on the
heaps of subsoil shall be sprayed with an approved selective herbicide to prevent seeding.
Notwithstanding the general description for the type of material to be excavated, if original
bed rock is encountered during these operations which can only be removed by blasting or
compressed air tools this work will be paid for separately as an extra over item for that given
for normal excavation. This work shall only be undertaken when authorised in writing by the
Engineer.
During excavation it is expected that the Contractor will take every prudent step or
precautions such as tests or borings in order to prove the nature or type of material
underneath or the ground bearing capacity in order to protect his workmen, plant or
machinery employed in these operations.
In the event of the Contractor excavating below the proper levels or otherwise in excess of the
dimension given, he shall at his own expenses, remove all loose excavated material and
replace the soil excavated in error.
If, in the opinion of the Engineer the bottoms of any excavation or any material to be
excavated become unsuitable due to the Contractor‘s operations, the Contractor shall, at his
own expense, carry out any necessary excavation and make up in a similar manner to the
above.
If, in the opinion of the Engineer the weather conditions are such as to preclude the
satisfactory completion of any operation or cause unnecessary nuisance or disturbance to
other parties, the Contractor shall, on receiving directions from the Engineer suspend
operations on that particular portion of the work until the Engineer considers that weather
conditions are satisfactory, or issues a direction to re-commence operations. The absence of
such a direction shall in no way constitute the basis of a claim for remedial work to a
formation which is unsuitable.
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11.2 Major Grading
Major grading involves the forming of earth mounds from imported fill materials where
specified, or from the soil generated by excavations. The soil shall be graded using suitable
earth moving machinery to the contoured earth forms indicated on the drawings. Soil, when in
a dry enough state for easy working, shall be distributed to the correct areas and laid in layers
not exceeding 300mm thick and compacted by at least 2 passes of the earth moving machine
in each direction for each 300mm layer.
The Contractor shall construct temporary catch basins and ditches that may be required to
maintain the site in a workable condition and kept at all times free from standing water, and to
protect adjacent sites or areas from outwash and spillage of eroded soil.
Earth slopes are to be formed from the compacted mounds to the gradients and levels shown
on the drawings, accounting for the topsoil depths to be included after subsoil formation is
complete. If insufficient fill is available to complete the levels shown, suitable subsoil is to be
imported to make up the required quantities. Importation of fill shall only be carried out with
written permission of the Engineer.
Earthworks levels are to be carried out to the contours shown on the drawings to a maximum
tolerance of 150mm measured vertically, and to a maximum gradient of 1:2. All subsoil levels
are to account for the later addition of specified depths of topsoil.
The Contractor shall be responsible for protection of completed subsoil mounds and shall
take preventative measures to control erosion and silting, restore or replace any portion of the
earthwork areas which erodes, slumps, silts or is otherwise damaged by the out washing of
soil.
11.3 Excavation for Formation Levels and

Trenches
For footpath areas or other paving areas, excavate subsoil to create a smooth formation for
taking the sub-base for the paved area, to levels shown on the drawings accounting for the
depth of the paving build up.
The contractor shall firmly compact sub-grade with a smooth wheeled vibratory roller to
achieve an even level. Finished sub-grade is to be protected until the path sub-base or other
construction such as pool sub-base is laid. If sub-grade is too dry to be compacted, water
shall be added until suitable texture is achieved. If sub-grade is too wet, the material shall be
left to dry out until workable (see 2.3.3).
A completed sub-grade/ formation on which there is standing water, soft spots or slurry shall
be deemed to be unsuitable and shall be rectified at the Contractor's expense including
making up of additional material as required to bring the formation to line and level again.
Where soft or wet ground is encountered prior to preparation of the sub-grade and this soft or
wet ground cannot satisfactorily be compacted, the Contractor shall submit a written request
for this to be inspected and the area to be dug out and replaced with suitable material shall be
evaluated by the Engineer and directed accordingly.
Surplus material resulting from excavations for path formation or drainage trenches shall be
taken off site at Contractor's own expense unless otherwise directed by the Engineer in
writing.
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Excavation of drainage or formation trenches shall be carried out after the major grading has
been completed and approved. Trenches shall be cut to lines and gradients shown on the
drawings. Planking and strutting shall be carried out as required to make the sides of the
trenches safe. The Contractor will be responsible for ensuring that drainage trenches are kept
free from mud and water and side slippage.
11.4 Fine Grading and Shaping

Fine grading shall be carried out using small sized earth moving equipment or by hand, and
shall involve final modelling of the earth contours produced by the major grading exercise.
The shaping will follow the contours shown on the plans in general terms, but the final forms
will be developed by eye to create smoothly flowing and pleasing contours. Gradients will be
to a maximum steepness of 1:2, generally shallower, with distinct concave slope transitions at
the foot of slopes, and convex slope transitions at the top of slopes. The Fine Grading will
provide the detailed earth contouring prior to cultivation of soil. Soil cultivation and the
application of topsoil mixes shall not take place until the Fine Grading is completed and
approved by the Engineer.
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L20:Softscape Planting
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20.1 Scope of Works
The scope of this section includes the preparation of planted areas and the supply, planting
and protection of trees, shrubs, succulents, groundcover plants and grass of the species and
size shown on the drawings. Refer to Section L30 for maintenance. This section shall be read
in conjunction with all other relevant sections of the Specification.
20.2 Quality Standards

The following standards are applicable:
- BS 3936 - Part 1 Nursery Stock, Trees and Shrubs
- BS 4428 General Landscape Operations
Latest Editions of all relevant British Standards shall be used.
All works shall be maintained to the same level of care as that described to be undertaken
following Completion, including routine operations such as checking irrigation emitter flow,
weeding, grass cutting and the sweeping of paved surfaces.
20.3 General
All plants shall be of the size specified in the Plant Schedule at the time of delivery to the site
and shall be obtained from an approved source. Trees shall have a minimum calliper
(measured at 500mm above ground level) of 30mm. Shrubs and ground covers shall be twin
or multi-stemmed. All plants shall be supplied as specified and the Contractor is expected to
obtain stock from outside the country if it is not available locally. Plants shall be true to types
and species, and supplied with nametags bearing Latin names. Synonyms must be checked
with the Engineer.
All planting stock shall be well-balanced and well formed, sound, vigorous, healthy and free
from disease, sunscald, abrasion, harmful insects or insect eggs and with a healthy, unbroken
root system filling their containers but not root-bound. Unless otherwise specified only
nursery-grown plants will be used. All plants shall be container grown. Samples from all plant
material shall be made available for approval by the Engineer. All planting shall be certified by
the supply nurseries to be free of pests, viruses etc.
The Tender must be based, without exception, upon plants that are specified.
Confirming the availability in the local and international market of specified plant materials
shall be done during the Pre-Tender Stage.
Contractors invited to participate in the Tender shall submit in writing the availability of all
plant materials as specified in the Plant Schedule and Bill of Quantities.
Any substitution, shall be proposed in writing during the Pre-Tender Stage, and shall be
reviewed by the Engineer.
Any substitution after this Pre-Tender Stage will be rejected. All specified plant materials are
deemed locally and internationally available, in terms of quality and quantity as specified in
the Plant Schedule, upon submission of Tenders to client.
Nomenclature of trees and plants shall conform to the scientific names given in:
 Royal Horticultural Society, "Directory of Gardening"
 Oxford University Press, reprinted 1974 and Supplement 1969
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 Hurts 3
 Exotica
Alternative names can be checked in these books. All plants must agree with the botanical
description in these books. Hurts 3 and Exotica are the only authorities for plants that are
not listed in the RHS Directory.
All trees and particularly palms forming avenues or formal planting lines shall be selected to
be of the same size and appearance all to the approval of the Engineer.
20.4 Materials
See Drawing 5109994-00-DR-L-0003 For Location
Table 4. Planting Species

Botanical Name Common Installation Min Clear Min. Pot Size
Name Size/Girth Stem
TREESAND PALMS
Albizzia Lebbeck Woman‘s 14-16cm 1.8m 40l

Tongue
Callistemon citrinus Bottle Brush 8-10 1.5 25l
Citrus sinensis Orange Tree 14-16 1.25m 40l
Citrus maxima Grapefruit/ 14—16 1.5m 40l

Pommelo
Citrus limon Lemon Tree 14-16 1.25m 40l
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Hibiscus 12-14 1.8m 40l
Jacaranda mimosifolia Blue Jacaranda 14-16 1.8m 40l
Largerstroema indica Crepe Myrtle 14-16 1.8 40l
Olea europea Olive Tree 14-16 1.5 60l
Plumera rubra Red Franjipani 12-14 1.5 40l
Tipuana tipu Rosewood 14-16 1.8m 40l
Phoenix canariensis Canary Palm NA 2.5m Bare Root
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Phoenix dactylifera Date Palm NA 3.5m Bare Root
Washingtonia filifera Fan Palm NA 3.5m Bare Root
Botanical Name Common Installation Spacing O/C Min. Pot Size

Name Size
SHRUBS AND GROUNDCOVERS
Agave americanum Century Plant 75cm 1m 5l
Agave attenuate Fox Tail 50cm 70cm 3l
Alternanthera NA 15cm 30cm 1l

versicolor-GREEN

versicolor-RED

versicolor-YELLOW
Canna indica Red Canna Lilly 50cm 50cm 3l

―President‖
Carissa macrocarpa Natal Plum 20cm 30cm 3l
Crassula grandiflora NA 20cm 30cm 3l
Crassula argentea Jade Plant 20cm 30cm 3l
Crassula pellucid ssp. NA 20cm 30cm 3l

Variegate
Clerodendron inerme Glory Bower 50cm 50cm 5l
Gazania rigens ―Fiesta NA 20cm 30cm 2l

Red‖
Gazania rigens NA 20cm 35cm 2l

―Daybreak‖
Gazania rigens NA 20cm 30cm 2l
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―Sungold‖
Jasminum polyanthum Pink Jasmin 75cm 75cm 5l
Hemerocallis ssp. Day Lily 35cm 45cm 3l
Myrtus communis Common myrtle 50cm 90cm 5l
Plumbago capensis Cape plumbago 45cm 60cm 5l
Strelitzia reginae Bird of 50cm 60cm 5l

Paradise
20.5 Palms
 Palms shall be balled and burlapped.
 Offshoots will not be acceptable. They shall have a vigorous root system, crown of new
leaves, proper colour of leaves of an adult palm and sufficient hardiness.
 The height of the palms shall be measured from the nursery ground line to the base of
the first frond.
 Prior to transporting for transplanting, all suckers, flowering and fruiting parts and the
outer layer of fronds shall be removed. Remaining fronds shall not be shortened in
length. The remaining fronds shall be sprayed with an anti-dessicant 24 hours prior to
lifting. The fronds are to be lifted to enclose and protect the growing tip, wrapped in
hessian and securely tied in position. The roots shall be balled and the hessian tied.
Root pruning shall be restricted to ensure the diameter of the root ball is not less than
1200mm diameter. The root ball is to be held secure using wire mesh and hessian
materials to contain the soil and retain maximum soil moisture.
 The Contractor shall take whatever steps he deems necessary and to the approval of the
Engineer to ensure the verticality of all palms. No additional payments shall be made for
providing guys, stakes or any other necessary anchorages.
 Verticality shall be maintained within a tolerance of 1:25 unless instructed by Engineer.
20.6 Grass Stolons

Grass stolon sprigs shall be 75 to 150mm length with three to six buds. Stolons shall be
Paspallum vaginatum.
20.7 Tree Stakes

See Drawing 5109994-00-L-0003
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All stakes shall be double stakes of timber, straight, free of projections and pointed at one
end. The stakes shall be pressure impregnated with non-injurious wood preservative to be
applied at least two weeks before use.
Stakes shall be 60 x 60mm section; the length below ground to be one metre minimum and
the length above to be 1.8m, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. All stakes to be
stained brown.
20.8 Tree Ties

Tree ties shall be proprietary adjustable rubber tree (black colour) ties fixed to stakes to
manufacturer‘s recommendations, all to the approval of the Engineer. Tree ties shall be a
minimum of 38mm wide.
20.9 Temporary Planting Screens

Drawing Number 5109994-00-DR-L-0007
Whenever planting in an exposed position liable to adverse wind conditions, windbreaks shall
be provided until such time as the planting is firmly established and shall be 1750mm high
plastic shelter net of 75% density supported on a galvanised steel circular frame of adequate
diameter so as not to disturb the growth of the plant. Such frames with hessian screens are
to be provided to protect trees liable to suffer harmful effects of irrigation spray.
20.10 Coarse Sand

Coarse sand shall consist of clean washed sand to the Engineer's approval with a particle
size as follows:
Sieve size opening: Percent passing
2.36mm 100%
1.18m 60%
600µm 15%
300µm 30%
'Black' sand shall not be acceptable
20.11 Anti Desiccant

Anti-dessicant shall be an emulsion type, film forming agent designed to permit transpiration
but retard excessive loss of water from plants. It shall not the subject plant to heat gain or
induce scorching of leaves.
20.12 Drainage
Gravel: 200mm depth of free draining material if applicable.
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20.13 Geotextile
Manufacturer: Contractor to provide details shall be suitable for use in the
environmental conditions in the Kingdom of Bahrain.
Product: Terram 1000 or equal approved
Jointing: To manufacturer‘s recommendation
Protection: Protect from:
- Exposure to light, except for five hours (maximum) during laying
- Contaminants
- Materials listed as potentially deleterious by geotextile
manufacturer
- Damage until fully covered by fill
- Wind uplift, by laying not more than 15 m before covering with fill.
Preparation: Before laying, remove humps and sharp projections. Fill hollows.
20.14 Bark Mulch

Mulch shall be natural wood bark mulch composed of fresh Pinus radiata pine bark of the
following random distribution size:
Length: 10mm – 60mm
Width: 10mm – 50mm
Thickness: 3mm --15mm
The wood bark mulch shall not be coloured and laid in depth of 75mm.
The contractor shall supply samples of bark to the Engineer for approval.
20.15 Root Barriers

Scope: Supply and install a proprietary heavy-duty root barrier along edge of tree pits that
abut the service corridor, length to extend approximately 1.5m beyond edge of tree pit. To be
positioned before the addition of soil.
Sample: Provide a sample of the root control barrier proposed for use together with the
manufacturers product technical information for approval. Allow 48 hours for approval.
Material: Root control barriers shall be:
 The root control barrier shall be 2mm thick polypropylene plastic root control barrier to
depth recommended by manufacturer for use in proximity to services. All joints shall be
sealed to prevent any root penetration in accordance with the manufacturers written
specifications. The use of duct tape or similar adhesive tape will not be permitted.
 The barrier shall be carefully positioned and backfilled to ensure that the top edge of the
barrier, after all soil settlement etc, is flush with the finished soil.
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20.16 Workmanship
20.17 Soil Grading and Preparation

Subsoil shall be excavated to achieve tolerances specified for finished level of soil, and when
reasonably dry and workable, graded to smooth, flowing contours with all minor hollows and
ridges removed. Non-cohesive, light subsoils shall be loosened with a three tine ripper, 300
mm deep at one metre centres.
All perennial weeds shall be treated with herbicides as recommended by the manufacturer
shall be allowed to elapse before grading. All weeds, rocks and other debris shall be
removed where applicable and disposed off. Finished ground level adjoining buildings shall
be kept 150 mm below the level of the damp-proof course.
20.18 Handling and Transportation of

Plants
Plant material shall be lifted or moved in such a manner that the roots are not disturbed.
Plant material shall be lifted or moved by holding the container and not the above ground
portion of the plant.
Root systems of all plants shall not be allowed to dry out at any time and shall not be exposed
to excessive or artificial heat or to freezing temperatures.
During transportation all plants shall be packed adequately to ensure protection for climatic or
physical injuries. Tarpaulins or other covers shall be placed over plants when they are
transported by trucks or in open freight cars. All plants shall be treated with anti-dessicant
prior to transportation.
Immediately prior to lifting, palm trees shall have their outer fronds removed, sprayed with
anti-dessicant and tied up with 3 layers of hessian to enclose the growing tip. The roots shall
be pruned and the root ball protected with three layers of hessian tied up with wire and kept
moist constantly with wet shingle, moss, straw or other suitable material.
20.19 On site Acclimatisation and Storage

All plant materials other than palms shall be delivered to site plant holding nursery for
acclimatisation within the first six months of the contract period, unless approved otherwise by
the Engineer, and protected against drying at all times. Palm trees shall be planted directly
on arrival on site. If palms have to be held for longer than twelve hours before planting they
should be 'heeled-in' in trenches which are kept moist at all times.
20.20 Plant Timing

Planting shall take place before 10.00 hours and after 16.30 hours but can be carried out at
other times if approval is given by the Engineer.
Prior to planting all grading and ripping, paving, laying of services and other building work
shall be complete, the irrigation system shall, wherever possible, be operational and soil
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brought to field capacity and all areas to be planted shall have been soiled and allowed to
settle over a period of one month.
20.21 Pit Sizes

The following table lists sizes of tree and plant pits with requirements for drainage layer and/
or geotextile membrane.
Table 5 – Pit and Bed Sizes/ Depths
Overall Pit Overall Drainage Geo-textile

Size (mm) Bed Depth Layer
(mm) Depth
(mm)
Palms Minimum Minimum 200 Single layer to

1800 x 1800 1700 extent of pit base
Trees Minimum Minimum 200 Single layer to

1500 x 1500 1500 extent of pit base
Large/ 1000 x 1000 800 200 Single layer to

specimen extent of pit base
shrubs in
gravel mulch
area
Massed N/A 750 200 Single layer to

shrub, ground extent of bed
cover &
climbers
Grass – N/A 300 N/A N/A

Seeding and
Turf
Note – overall pit sizes and bed depth includes drainage layer where appropriate.
20.22 Planting Backfill Medium

Specified soil additives shall be mixed with sweet soil at the rates specified – refer to section
L10, Planting Soil Material. The soil shall be mixed mechanically by an approved method to
create a homogeneous mixture. Application rates for ameliorants shall be checked and
approved by the Engineer prior to mixing each batch.
See Table 2.0 below for minimum size/ depth/ mix of planting medium for pits and beds
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Table 6 – Planting Backfill Depths
Size/ Depth mm Soil Mix
Palms 1800 x 1800 x 1500 (D) Mix A
Trees 1500 x 1500 x 1300 (D) Mix B
Large/ specimen 1000 x 1000 x 600 (D) Mix B

shrubs in gravel mulch
area
Massed shrub, ground 550 (D) Top 300mm – Mix B

cover & climbers area varies Bottom 250mm – Mix A
Grass – Seeding and 300 (D) Top 150mm – Mix C

Turf area varies Bottom 150mm – Mix A
All planting medium depths to be verified on site by the Engineer, prior to backfilling.
20.23 Planting Sequence

The Contractor shall always ensure the availability of irrigation water during plant installation.
Without water, the Contractor cannot proceed.
The sequence of planting shall be as follows:
a) Grade soil as specified and approved by the Engineer.
b) Stake out the outline of planting areas and individual tree and shrub locations for approval
by the Engineer.
c) Excavate planting areas and individual pits to the sizes specified. Excavated sub-soil shall
be removed from site and shall not be mixed with the planting medium or used to form
berms around the plants.
d) Fill planting pit with irrigation water and ensure the water can drain away. In case of poor
drainage a percolation test shall be carried out and drainage holes augured if required.
e) Backfill pit/beds, after having been tested for drainage with approved planting medium in
layers not exceeding 300mm and water compact. Allow for compaction/subsidence by
overfilling by 100mm. Once placed the growing medium shall be covered with plastic
sheeting and clearly marked to prevent disturbance until planting commences. During
backfilling place slow release fertilizer tablets 25-30cm deep. For trees the tablets should
be located approximately 1.0m from the trunk or adjacent to drip emitters. It should be
subjected to municipality approval.
f) Prior to planting tree stakes shall be driven into tree pits.
g) At the time of planting a hole shall be made into the pit/bed large enough to take the
plants root ball. The planting hole shall be thoroughly watered prior to planting.
h) Plants shall be carefully removed from containers. Plastic pots shall be split with a knife
and plants removed with all the soil intact around the roots. Care shall be taken not to
damage the roots or foliage of the plants. The plant shall be placed upright in the hole.
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Care shall be taken to ensure that the collar line (line of contact between soil and stem) is
at the same level as the surrounding ground.
i) Fill around the plant with planting medium in layers of 150mm, each layer separately
firmed to eliminate all air pockets until final soil level is reached.
j) Trees shall be tied to the tree stakes with tree ties as specified. At least two pairs of ties
per tree shall be used but other ties shall be provided if necessary to keep the stem
straight. If a leader stake is required this shall be 20mm round softwood stake slotted
inside the tree tie loops.
k) A circular watering basin slightly larger than the planting hole shall be formed. During and
after planting the plants shall be thoroughly watered.
l) After planting the area surrounding the plant shall be restored to finished grade and
excess soils and rubbish disposed of properly.
m) Immediately after planting all plants is to be pruned in accordance with accepted
horticultural practices or as directed by the Engineer. The Contractor to advise the
Engineer of his programme for pruning work before work is undertaken. Pruning shall
consist of carefully cutting back any damaged, dead or diseased branches and the
removal of any weak or malformed growth, with the aim of forming each type of stock to
the standard shape for its species. All pruning cuts greater than 20mm shall be treated
with a pruning paint as specified.
n) An aluminium label clearly marked with the Latin name shall be attached to every tree.
o) Check all plants one week after planting for signs of wind shake and loosening due to soil
subsidence; firm and make good as necessary.
p) The Contractor shall not add compost and fertilizer to palm pits at the time of planting and
until such time is instructed by the Engineer.
q) Percolation test procedure:
1. One day prior to the test the pit/bed shall be filled with water.
2. A marker bar is placed in the pit/bed before the test is performed.
3. The pit/bed is half filled with water and the level is indicated with tape on the
marker bar.
4. The test is monitored over a period of one hour. If the water level drops by 20mm
or more within that time the pit/ bed passes.
5. If a pit/bed fails the percolation test, boreholes shall be augured (2nos/ tree pit or
10m spacing in planting beds).
6. Tests should be repeated at each 5m depth of borehole until the test is passed.
7. After augering the boreholes shall be capped with wire gauze. Percolation tests
shall be carried out at a rate of 1 test per 50 plants. The Engineer may instruct
additional tests on an exploratory basis in the event of unsatisfactory percolation
being evident.
20.24 Grass
20.25 Turfing
Where indicated on drawings turf shall be used to for ‗immediate affect‘. Grass turf species to
match grass stolon specification. The Contractor shall submit details of proposed turf supplier
to the Engineer for approval prior to placement of the order. Evidence of use of same turf
locally is to be provided.
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20.26 Close Turfing: Ground Preparation
Rake the topsoil mix area to a smooth and uniform grade free of any slight mounds or
depressions to achieve a uniformly flat surface. Re-grade any depressions or humps that may
occur until a satisfactory grade is achieved.
The area to be turfed is to be brought to fine silt by approved mechanical means or by hand
raking. Any stones over 25mm in diameter shall be removed from the site. Watering of the
area shall be carried out to produce a moist condition of the soil and to consolidate the soil. If
consolidation occurs to produce any areas with topsoil depths less than 100 mm these areas
shall have extra topsoil spread to produce finished levels.
Fertiliser shall be applied to all areas to be turfed prior to turfing at the rate of 40 gm per
square metre, evenly spread over the whole area and lightly worked into the soil.
20.27 Close Turfing: Operations

Close turf sods shall be laid onto the surface of the prepared ground with leaf turfs upwards,
butt jointed as closely as possible to achieve a uniform cover. The turf shall be laid off planks
working over turfs previously laid. The whole area is then to be top dressed with finely sifted
topsoil mix to give an evenly smooth surface. The finished close turfing shall be lightly
compacted by treading or with a wooden beater to ensure even coverage and compaction.
Watering shall take place over the area that has been turfed immediately after planting.
Watering shall be undertaken by use of a fine spray to avoid disturbance of soil particles.
Close Turfing shall be only accepted as complete after the growth of an even sward is
evident. Any areas not covered by green healthy grass to the satisfaction of the Engineer
within 28 days after turfing shall be re-laid as specified at the Contractor‘s own expense.
For the period of 28 days after turfing the vegetative cover shall: -
(a) Evenly cover at least 90% of the areas with leaves and spreading shoots.
(b) be free of perennial weeds or disease
(c) Be healthy and vigorous and showing a strongly developed root system.
Should there be any settlement due to lack of even compaction this will be corrected by
application of topdressing of finely sifted soil to maximum depth of 25mm. If the depression is
greater than 25mm, the grass in the affected area shall be lifted, the depression filled with
sifted topsoil, lightly compacted and the affected area re-turfed as specified. These operations
shall be done as often as necessary to produce an even and smooth surface free from bumps
and hollows.
All close turfing operations shall be carried out from wooden planks or plywood boards, with
the workers moving away from completed turfed areas, raking any compressed soil or
footprints before lying of sods. All access onto soil areas shall be on wooden boards or
plywood sheets. Areas compacted by working are to be re-cultivated and re-laid.
20.28 Grass Stolons

The procedure for planting grass stolons shall be as follows:
a) Prior to beginning planting operations the irrigation system must be completely
operational ensuring 100% coverage.
b) Bring the water content of the area to be planted to field capacity and allow water to
percolate until standing water disappears.
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c) Apply complete fertilizer at the rate of 0.25kg nitrogen per 100 square metres prior to
planting stolons.
1. Cultivate to a depth of 200mm.
°
2. Keep dry dormant stolons refrigerated 0-3 C until the area to be planted is
prepared. Do not exceed two weeks of refrigeration. Soak stolons in water after
removing from cold storage and prior to planting.
3. Do not exceed two days of storage on job site. Stolons are to be kept moist,
shaded and ventilated during such storage.
°
4. Plant during the time of year when day time temperatures do not exceed 38 C
and night time temperatures are not below 15°C. Mean temperature should
° °
exceed 26 C. Water within 15 minutes of planting at 38 C, 30 minutes at 28°C, 60
° °
minutes at 21 C, and 120 minutes at 16 C .
5. Sow at 6 bushels per 100 square meters. Plant utilizing a disc to cut in stolons
and followed by a cultipacker roller, or other technique approved by the Engineer.
6. Water as necessary to keep the stolon bed moist until germination. Once grass is
up begin lengthening intervals between irrigation.
20.29 Protect Building Finishes and Site

Structures
Provide and install suitable protective coverings for building surfaces and paving during
planting operations to avoid any damage or staining to surrounding finishes. Any damaged
areas shall be restored to their original conditions at the expense of the Contractor.
20.30 Protection of Drainage Channels

Provide and install suitable protective coverings for drain covers and open drain channels
during planting operations to avoid any damage, staining to surrounding finishes and any
seepage of soil, sand and dirt into the drainage channels. Any damaged areas shall be
restored to their original conditions at the expense of the Contractor.
20.31 Protection of Subsurface Services

Prior to commencement of work ascertain the location of all electrical cables, all conduits, and
all irrigation and utility lines so that proper precautions may be taken so as not to disturb or
damage any subsurface service. In the event of any such services encountered, promptly
notify the Engineer.
20.32 Notice of Intentions

The Contractor shall give forty-eight hours written notice to the Engineer of his intention to
commence any of the following operations:
 Setting out
 Planting
 Top soiling
 Turfing
 Sprigging
 Fertilizing
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 Maintenance visits
 Delivery of planting media and other materials to site.
 Delivery of trees and palms to the site.
 Planting of trees and palms.
 Delivery of other plants.
 Planting of other plants.
 Mulching (in soil areas).
 Completion of work for commencement of guarantee period.
20.33 Notice
a) Sourcing of plants and transporting them to an approved location on site of a local
nursery, as approved by the Engineer.
b) Proper identification of plants for inspection by Engineer using tags or other acceptable
ways.
c) Protection and appropriate maintenance methods for plants that are gathered in the local
nursery.
d) Completion of work for commencement of guarantee period.
e) Submit 3 copies of manufacturers or vendor's certified analysis of soil and fertiliser
materials.
f) Submit other data when requested to substantiate that materials comply with the specified
requirements.
20.34 Samples
Submit when required or requested 2 sets of the following products or materials to Engineer
for approval. Approved samples shall establish standards by which the total work shall be
judged.
a) Planting Media 1 bag
b) Good quality top-soil 2 litres
c) Soil Conditioner 2 litres
d) Fertiliser 1 bag
e) Organic mulch 2 litres
f) Inorganic mulch 2 litres
g) Fungicide * 1 container
h) Soil Sterilant* 1 container
i) Coarse sand 2 litres
*All pesticides to be used must be approved by the Engineer.
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20.35 Plant Inspections
Notify the Engineer at least 3 weeks prior to its anticipated delivery schedule. Inspect and tag
plant material at the source before notifying Engineer of the availability for inspection. The
Engineer will generally inspect plants at source of supply unless they have to be imported
from destinations of great distance away from the Region. The Contractor shall arrange for
necessary means of transport to the inspection site at his own cost. Where a particular plant
has been selected by the Engineer for this Contract, the Contractor shall ensure that the
same is supplied and delivered for this Contract. No substitutions will be permitted unless
authorised in writing by the Engineer.
a) Notify the Engineer 2 weeks before delivery of the plants to site.
b) Shipments of plant materials shall be accompanied with all inspection certificates required
by government regulations.
c) The soil mixes shall be subject to inspection at the place of mixing and after delivery to
the site. Any disapproved batch, or batches, shall be discarded or remixed as directed by
the Engineer with no allowances for cost claim. Plant materials must be approved by the
Engineer before their placement.
20.36 Substitutions
If the Contractor is unable to supply a particular species of plant he is to notify the Engineer in
advance of his intention to make a substitution. No substitution will be allowed without prior
agreement of the Engineer. The Contractor shall also submit details of the comparative prices
for the specified item and the substitute to the Engineer, and indicate the savings accruing to
the Owner.
Notice of substitutions is to be made sufficiently for in advance of installation to ensure that
the substituted material conforms to specifications. Substitutions requested by the Contractor
after work has commenced on site will not be entertained.
20.37 Chemical Applications

No chemicals shall be used on site without the prior approval of the Engineer.
The chemicals shall not be toxic to humans, birds and animals when applied according to the
manufacturers' instructions.
The Contractor shall be entirely responsible for the storage, mixing, application and use of
chemicals, including the proper disposal of product containers.
20.38 Work by Machine or Hand

All operations herein after described may be carried out using appropriate approved
machinery or shall be done manually. Any works around the trunk base of existing trees, in
confined spaces or where it is impractical for work to be carried out by machinery for any
reason, must be executed manually at the Contractor‘s own cost and expense.
20.39 Heavy Machinery

No heavy machinery is to be used without the expressed approval of the Engineer.
20.40 Delivery
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Deliver packaged materials in manufacturer's containers showing weight, analysis and name
of manufacturer. Protect materials from physical damage and deterioration during delivery
and while stored on site.
20.41 Plant Material Protection

a) Plants shall be packed, transported, handled and stored with care to ensure protection
against injuries. Do not prune prior to installation except for removal of dead and dying
parts.
b) Tie tree branches to prevent breakage before loading. Do not bend or bind-tie plant
material in a manner that will cause physical damage to any part of a plant or destroy the
natural and specified shape of a plant.
Any evidence of protection negligence to plants will result in plants being rejected.
c) Unprotected plants must not be transported during very hot weather. All plants must be
kept moist during transportation and storage. All plant materials on site must be planted
into ground or planter within one day (24 hours).
d) All plants must be sufficiently moist to prevent wilting and damage to root ball due to
excessive long periods of drying out.
e) All Plants shall be moved with their root systems as solid units with balls of earth firmly
wrapped with burlap. The diameter and depth of the balls of earth shall be sufficient to
encompass their respective fibrous root feeding system necessary for the healthy
development of the plants. No plants shall be accepted by the Engineer when the ball of
earth surrounding its roots is badly cracked or broken prior to or during the process of
planting or after the hessian, staves, ropes, or platform required in connection with
transplanting thereof have been removed. All plants and their balls of earth shall remain
intact during all operations. Delivery of plants to site shall be so scheduled to allow final
placing within 24 hours after arrival at site.
20.42 Preparation and Storage of Materials

a) Place in container grown plants that cannot be planted immediately in shade with moist
mulch to protect from drying. Water plants as often as necessary to prevent drying until
planted.
b) After chemical analysis reports for topsoil and soil conditioner are approved, prepare
planting soil mixture as specified.
c) Store and protect planting soil mixture and other materials at designated areas of the site.
Protect planting media from excessive leaching if stored more than 2 weeks by covering
with tarpaulin. Avoid storing topsoil or materials for mixing where they can wash into drain
inlets.
20.43 Setting Out

a) The Contractor shall be responsible for accurately setting out of all the works to the
satisfaction of the Engineer prior to the commencement of the works and shall rectify
errors in setting out at his own expense.
b) Any discrepancy between area shown on the plans and the actual area on the site shall
be made known to the Engineer.
c) The Contractor shall supply all necessary materials, equipment and labour to peg out the
shape, pattern and layout of flowerbeds to be inspected by the Engineer before further
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commencement of works. All pegs shall be of minimum 0.6m length and colour coded for
various types of plants and approved by Engineer.
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L21:Softscape Accessories
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21.1 Scope of Works
The scope of this section includes the preparation of planted areas and the supply, planting
and protection of trees, shrubs, vines, groundcover plants, grass and succulents of the
species and size shown on the drawings. Refer to Section L30 for Maintenance. This section
shall be read in conjunction with all other relevant sections of the Specification.
21.2 Quality Standards

All works shall be maintained to the same level of care as that described to be undertaken
following Completion, including routine operations such as checking irrigation emitter flow,
weeding, grass cutting and the sweeping of paved surfaces.
21.3 Submittals
Before any work is commenced, all submittals shall be approved.
21.4 Samples
Submit when required or requested 2 sets of the following products or materials to Engineer
for approval. Approved samples shall establish standards by which the total work shall be
judged.
j) Fertiliser 1 bag
k) Sub-soil Drainage Pipes 1m
l) Drainage Mat Cell 0.4sqm
m) Geo-textile Fabric 1m
n) Filter fabric 1sqm
*All items to be used must be approved by the Engineer.
21.5 Substitutions
If the Contractor is unable to supply a particular material, he is to notify the Engineer in
advance of his intention to make a substitution. No substitution will be allowed without prior
agreement of the Engineer. The Contractor shall also submit details of the comparative prices
for the specified item and the substitute to the Engineer, and indicate the savings accruing to
the Owner.
Notice of substitutions is to be made sufficiently for in advance of installation to ensure that
the substituted material conforms to specifications. Substitutions requested by the Contractor
after work has commenced on site will not be entertained.
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21.6 Delivery
Deliver packaged materials in manufacturer's containers showing weight, analysis and name
of manufacturer. Protect materials from physical damage and deterioration during delivery
and while stored on site.
21.7 Drainage
21.8 Materials
a) Sub-Soil Drainage - Flexible Perforated UPVC Pipe- where applicable
Subsoil drain of flexible perforated PVC pipe including all end caps, T-joints and necessary
fittings and pipes of 75mm diameter shall be used.
b) Gravel
150mm depth of free draining material as stated in paragraph 20.5.5. Refer to Table 1.0 for
location.
21.9.1 Geotextile Membrane

Manufacturer: Contractor to provide details that material shall be suitable for use in
the local environmental conditions.
Product: ‗Terram 1000‘ or approved equivalent
‗Terram – Weed Guard‘ or approved equivalent
‗Terram – Salt Barrier‘ or approved equivalent
Jointing: To manufacturer‘s recommendation
Protection: Protect from
- Exposure to light, except for five hours (maximum) during
installation
- Contaminants
- Materials listed as potentially deleterious by geo-textile fabric
manufacturer
- Damage until fully covered by fill
- Wind uplift, by laying not more than 15m before covering with fill.
Preparation: Before inatallation, remove humps and sharp projections. Fill hollows.
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Table 7 Geotextile Properties
Properties Value
Minimum weight: > 100 g/m2
Pore Size: < 190 microns
Tensile strength @ 40% elongation: > 4 kN
Grab strength @ 60% elongation: > 440 N
Puncture resistance: > 800 N
Trapezoidal tear strength: > 270 N
Flow rate: > 50 l/m2
21.9.2 Root Barriers

21.9.3 Scope
Supply and install a proprietary heavy-duty root barrier along edge of tree pits, length to
extend approximately 1.5m beyond edge of tree pit. To be positioned before the addition of
soil.
21.9.4 Sample
Provide a sample of the root control barrier proposed for use together with the manufacturer's
product technical information for approval. Allow 48 hours for approval.
21.9.5 Material
Root control barriers shall be:
a) The root control barrier shall be 2mm thick polypropylene plastic root control barrier to
depth recommended by manufacturer for use in proximity to services. All joints shall be
sealed to prevent any root penetration in accordance with the manufacturers written
specifications. The use of duct tape or similar adhesive tape will not be permitted.
b) The barrier shall be carefully positioned and backfilled to ensure that the top edge of the
barrier, after all soil settlement etc, is flush with the finished soil.
21.9.6 Mulching
21.9.7 Bark Mulch
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Bark mulch to be added to planted areas and shall be hand placed immediately after planting
to a minimum depth of 75mm.
Mulch shall be natural wood bark mulch composed of fresh Pinus radiata pine bark of the
following random distribution size:
Length: 10mm – 60mm
Width: 10mm – 50mm
Thickness: 3mm – 15mm
The wood bark mulch shall not be coloured. The contractor shall supply samples of bark to
the Engineer for approval.
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L30:Completion and Maintenance:
Soft Landscape
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30.1 General
30.2 Scope of Works
All planted areas within the contract boundary shall be maintained and guaranteed from the
time of planting until the issue of the Certificate of Completion.
30.3 Substantial Completion

At the date of Substantial Completion all plants shall be in their specified position and
condition.
30.4 Failure of Plants

Any plants that are found to be missing, defective or not in good condition at any time during
the contract period and maintenance/ establishment period shall be immediately replaced by
the Contractor, at their own cost and shall not constitute any time variation.
30.5 Damage by Others

Works damaged by others, provided reported in writing within 24hours of the incident shall be
excluded from the defects liability of the Contractor.
30.6 Maintenance Period / Establishment

Period
The Maintenance Period / Establishment Period shall run for a period of one calendar year
from the date of Substantial Completion of the whole of the Works.
Defects liability on palms and trees shall be 2 years from the date of Substantial Completion
of the whole of the works.
The Contractor shall maintain insurances of relevant items as required by the Contract
throughout the Maintenance Period.
30.7 Operations and Maintenance Manual

The Contractor shall compile a comprehensive Operations and Maintenance Manual which
will include the following:
1. Pesticide/fungicide/herbicide applications - including safety application rates and
procedure, schedules of pesticides/fungicides/herbicides.
2. Irrigation Land Drainage and Storm water Drainage - including water application rates
and maintenance procedures.
3. Fertilization - including fertilizer descriptions, application rates and programmes.
4. Salinity Control - including leaching methods, and leaching programme monitoring.
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5. Turf Grass Management - including mowing procedure, replacement of turf grass by
stolons and sods and routine management procedures; aerification, top dressing,
vertical mowing, thatch removal, rolling and over seeding.
6. Propagation and seasonal replacement (max. every 3 months) of all flowers.
7. General Maintenance - including pruning, stakes and ties, bermwork, replacement
and clean-up, protective fencing etc.
8. Equipment Inventory, maintenance procedures and full manufacturers‘ maintenance
manual and all as built drawings.
30.7.1 Technical description of the

equipment:
1. Operation instructions including recommended clearances and tolerances, and
sequence of application and lubrication.
2. Step-by-step procedures for dismantling, cleaning, servicing, replacing parts and re-
assembling.
3. Parts list with part identification, numbers and sources of replacement parts.
4. Simplified facility drawings for a complete system, to show all components of the
system.
5. Schematic diagrams for each system.
30.7.2 Personnel
All details of personnel; seniors, juniors and all supervisory staff shall be submitted within the
manual. This shall include qualifications and previous experience.
The manual shall be submitted to the Engineer by the Contractor for approval at least three
months prior to the date for Substantial Completion of any part of the Works and must be
approved prior to the commencement of the Plant Establishment Period. Three bound copies
of the manual in A4 format shall be presented to the Engineer.
30.8 Maintenance
30.8.1 Responsibilities
The contractor shall carry out maintenance of the planting strictly in accordance with the
Operations and Maintenance manual as approved by the Engineer. The Contractor is to
provide all required labour, plant and materials to comply with the approved procedures.
During the Plant Establishment period the Contractor shall make adequate provision for
irrigation and/or operate the irrigation system as required and maintain same for handover to
the Client on completion of the Plant Establishment Period, comprehensively overhauled and
in perfect working order.
The Contractor shall submit his staff resource proposals to the Engineer for approval. The
team shall include gardeners in proper uniforms, full time, at site and shall be required to send
additional manpower as and when required to carry out special maintenance works like
removing dry palm fronds, aeration, planting seasonal, replacing trees, etc.
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A qualified and experienced Engineer shall be required to visit the site regularly for correct
diagnosis of pests or diseases and to take timely remedial measures.
An experienced plumber will be deputed to the site on regular intervals to check the irrigation
system and adjust/replace the equipment which is not working properly. Seasonal
adjustments to the irrigation operation schedule and programming of controllers shall be done
by a qualified irrigation Engineer.
The contractor shall maintain, at all times, sufficient stock of regularly used fertilizers,
chemicals, tools, spare parts and other consumables at site.
Grass cuttings, trimmings, cut branches, dry leaves and other waste shall be removed daily
from the site and disposed off to an approved site. The site shall be kept neat and tidy at all
times.
30.8.2 Maintenance Tasks

The Operations and Maintenance Manual shall address all maintenance tasks including but
not be limited to watering, weeding, cultivating, control of insects, or diseases by means of
spraying with approved insecticides, herbicide, or fungicide, pruning, adjustment and repair of
anchors and wire, repair of minor washouts and other horticultural operations necessary for
the proper growth of plants and for keeping the contract area neat in appearance.
Technical specifications shall list descriptions of the various tasks and shall include:
Trees, Shrubs, Succulents, Climbers and Ground covers
a) Repair of stakes and loosening of ties as and when required
b) Aeration/ loosening of soil every two weeks
c) Cultivation every two weeks
d) Pruning every month.
e) Replace soil in eroded planting beds as and when required
f) Maintaining depth of mulch and when required
g) Cut grass to maintain at a height of 20mm
h) Weeding and raking every month
i) Reseeding/ re-turfing/ re-sprigging as and when required
j) Removal of grass clippings where specified as and when required
k) De-thatching, topdressing, aeration and renovation to maintain health of lawn.
l) Fertilizer Programme and of the course of 12 months.
1. Organic applications
2. Tablet applications
3. Liquid feed applications
4. Granular applications
5. Spraying
m) Use of herbicides, insecticides and fungicides timing and application.
n) Safety in application
o) Irrigation (refer to section L40 of this specification)
1. Adjustment, repair, flushing cleaning and rescheduling as required.
2. Monitoring to ensure correct moisture depth is maintained.
30.9 Workmanship
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30.9.1 Tree Maintenance
30.9.1.1 Irrigation
Water shall be maintained as necessary at approved rate and time, preferably at night or
early or late in the day. Avoid inadequate and excessive applications of irrigation water and
limit to quantities required for plant development. Leach as necessary at approved timing and
rate subject to site and species. Maintain irrigation equipment to required standard. Maintain
irrigation basins by removing all debris, weeds, and blown material. Refer also to section L40
for Irrigation specification.
30.9.1.2 Fertilizer Application

Apply fertilizer as necessary to particular site. Normally give annual application of Phosphate
fertilizer and if necessary combined slow release fertilizer each at specified rate. Apply dry
and water well. To be applied in February or March each year as indicated in operations and
maintenance manuals.
30.9.1.3 Weeding and Hoeing

Maintain areas close to base of trees free from weeds within one metre of plants. Maintain
soil surface and control weeds by regular cultivation at minimum 3 month intervals.
30.9.1.4 Removal of Shoots and Dead

Twigs
Remove any dead twigs or shoots occurring on clean stem of trees.
30.9.1.5 Pruning
Allow for cutting back of certain types of trees to encourage formation of crown. Limit amount
of pruning to minimum necessary to encourage proper growth, to remove dead or injured
twigs and branches, and to compensate for result of transplanting operations. Prune in such a
manner as not to change natural habit or shape of tree. Make cuts flush leaving no stubs.
On all cuts over 25mm diameter and on bruises or scars on barks, trace back injured
cambium to living tissue and remove. Smooth wounds with a sharp knife to avoid retention of
water and coat treated area with approved tree sealant in accordance with BS 3998.
30.9.1.6 Protection
Maintain all fencing around plantations, screens or protection to individual trees as necessary.
Maintain hessian wrapping to trees as necessary.
30.9.1.7 Hard Areas Bordering Trees

Maintain paving or other hard surfaces that may become removed or loosened by growth of
trunk or root system of trees.
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30.9.1.8 Tree Ties
Loosen or remove tree ties in accordance with growth of trunk to avoid constriction of growth.
Check regularly and as outlined in the operations and maintenance manuals.
30.9.2 Shrubs, Climbers and Ground Cover

Maintenance
30.9.2.1 Irrigation
Water as necessary at approved rate and timing, preferably at night or early or late in the day.
Avoid excess applications of irrigation water and limit to quantities required for plant
development. Leach as necessary at approved timing and rate subject to site and species.
Maintain irrigation equipment to required standard. Refer also to section L40 for Irrigation
Specification.

Apply fertilizer as necessary to particular site and species. The following operations to be
applied:
1. Three weeks after planting give all shrubs and ground cover beds granular slow release
nitrogen fertilise. Repeat every three months after planting.
2. Give annual application of approved phosphate fertilizer and if necessary, combined
fertilizer each at specified rate. Apply dry and water in well. To be applied in February or
March each year.
30.9.2.3 Weeding and Hoeing

All climber pockets and shrubs borders shall be hoed forked or hand weeded where
appropriate and all areas kept clear of weeds. Remove all debris or other refuse. Trodden
ground to be hoed, forked or raked over as necessary.
30.9.2.4 Removal of Water Shoots and

Dead Twigs
Remove any dead twigs or water shoots occurring on clean stem of shrubs.
30.9.2.5 Pruning
Cut back certain shrubs in early spring to encourage bushiness. With the exception of hedges
and ground cover plants, shrubs shall be pruned to maintain natural shape. Shrub species
with a significant display of flowers shall not be pruned after the formation of lower buds until
completion of the flowering season.
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30.9.2.6 Replacement of Stakes, Canes or
Ties
Replace stakes and fix new ties to climbers as described.
30.9.2.7 Protection
Maintain all fencing, screens or other protection as necessary.
30.9.2.8 Tying in of Vines and Climbers

All shoots of vines and climbers shall be tied regularly in as they grow to provide a framework
of branches for future flowering and trellis/ wall coverage. All shoots shall be tied up
immediately to prevent snagging pedestrians.
30.9.3 Grass Maintenance

Maintenance shall consist of watering, weeding, cutting, repair to all erosion and settlement
and reseeding as necessary to establish a uniform and healthy stand of the specified grasses.

Prior to irrigation give top dressing every three months of approved quantities of nitrogen
fertilizer, applied dry, evenly, and mixed with fine washed sand. Apply, in alternation,
compound fertilizer every three months.
30.9.3.2 Weeding
Remove large leaved weeds and coarse grasses by hand or use of approved weed killer
(selective)
30.9.3.3 Spiking
Aerate soil once a year in spring by spiking.
30.9.3.4 Stone Picking

Remove all stones that work their way to the surface by regular handpicking.
30.9.3.5 Cutting
Mow grass at necessary intervals with approved machine. In the summer the interval between
mowing shall be 5-7 days or as required to avoid sun scorch. Cutting height shall avoid a
scalped appearance and minimise thatch build-up. First cutting to follow removal of stones
etc. grass height 75 mm use rotoscythe or similar. All grass clippings shall be collected.
30.9.3.6 Replacement Planting

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All grassed areas, subject to die back from tree shading as trees mature shall be replanted
with stolons of a shade tolerant grass species (stenotaphrum complanatum, or similar.)
30.9.4 Pest and Disease Control

Specific checks for pests and disease to be carried out every month by a trained member of
staff.
All equipment should be surface sterilised (with methylated spirit) after use on the plants
which are known, or suspected to be diseased. All diseased wood, fungi, pruning etc., to be
burned after removal from diseased plants. (Methods and location of burning must be
approved by the Municipality).
30.9.5 Micronutrients
Corrective foliar sprays of the micronutrients shall be applied to plants on the identification of
deficiency symptoms. 1.12 kg/ha of manganese or manganese sulphate to be sprayed to
deficient plants and sprays re-applied at intervals of approximately two weeks until deficiency
is alleviated. 100g of chelated iron per 100 litres of water to be sprayed to counteract iron
deficiency and be repeated at two-weekly intervals. A foliar spray of zinc at 265g of zinc per
100 litres of water shall be sprayed at intervals on plants which exhibit zinc deficiency.
Micronutrients shall be sprayed only with proper safeguards and at such times to ensure that
there is no human contact with the spray. The Contractor shall ensure that the spray does not
contaminate any food crops. The Contractor shall be responsible for ensuring that the
micronutrient concentrations and methods of application are not hazardous to human or
animal health and shall present Spraying Program and ensure necessary notices are made to
municipalities and commission.
30.9.6 Chemicals
Fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and fungicides to be used must have Municipality approval.
Products must conform to the agricultural chemicals approval scheme as agreed between the
manufacturers of agricultural chemical and the agricultural departments of the country of
manufacture. Chemicals will be applied according to manufacturers‘ recommendations
ensuring safety at all times to humans and animals and to avoid contamination to any water
source, food crops or surrounding areas.
30.9.7 Irrigation Maintenance

Refer to section L40 for full details. Generally irrigation equipment shall be maintained. Each
emitter and sprinkler head shall be checked after planting and then weekly for first six months
of maintenance period and thereafter monthly until the end of the maintenance period.
30.9.8 Replacement
All dead plants and plants not in vigorous condition shall be replaced. Replacement plants
shall be of the same size and species as originally specified and shall be planted as specified.
All replacements with the exception of palm trees shall be planted only between mid-octobers
to the end of March. If the final inspection at the end of the maintenance period occurs
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between these dates and additional replacement planting is directed, the planting shall be
done between mid and the end of October.
30.9.9 Final Planting Inspection and

Acceptance
Final inspection for acceptance shall be made at the conclusion of the period of maintenance
and guarantee provided that all project improvements and corrective work has been
completed. If improvements are not completed, maintenance shall be continued until
completion of such work.
Prior to being considered ready for inspection Contractor shall have done a final weeding and
raking of all planted areas, removing all debris, leaving the site in a clean orderly appearance.
30.9.10 Special Guarantee

All plant materials contained in this contract shall be guaranteed as to the species, hybrid,
flower colour and/or variety specified herein or on the Drawings. If after acceptance of the
project by the Engineer or his/her representative, any guaranteed plant material proves to be
of a different species, hybrid, flower colour and/or variety not determinable, the Contractor
shall replace that plant with a new plant of the same size of the originally specified species,
hybrid, flower colour and/or variety.
30.9.11 As-Built Drawings

During implementation of landscaping works the nominated Contractor shall keep accurate
records of the actual landscaping/planting works and process of implementation. This
information shall be supplied to the Engineer progressively in three (3) hardcopies and two (2)
soft copies and shall form the basis of an as-built record of the final landscaping works.
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L40:Landscape Irrigation System
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40.1 General
40.2 Scope of Works
The Scope of Work includes the design, construction, completion and statutory maintenance
of Automatic Irrigation System as detailed in this specification.
The works shall include for the complete design, installation, testing and commissioning of the
automatic irrigation system as summarised below and detailed in this specification
 Design and installation of sub-main and lateral lines for the Automatic Irrigation System.
 Design and installation of ducts for sub-mains, laterals and control cables under footpaths
within the site limits.
 Design and installation of drip irrigation system for trees, shrubs and groundcovers.
 Design and installation of sprinkler and sprayer system for grass areas.
 Design and installation of solenoid valves, control cable in conduit pipes, satellite
controller, power cables to the controller, and conduits for communication cables with all
other necessary accessories.
 Design and installation of Irrigation take off points (duty points).
 Reinstatement of the affected areas as required during the progress of the project.
40.3 Design Criteria

The Contractor shall design the Landscape Irrigation System based on this specification and
co-ordination with all Irrigation Main line Network Drawings, hydraulic calculations, and
Irrigation Water demand.
The Contractor shall include for all materials, labour, plant and tools.
The general concept of design shall be:
 The Contractor shall divide the landscape area into different zones and propose solenoid
valves in different zones.
 The Contractor shall design the irrigation system so that the plants shall receive the
following volumes of water at peak demands.
 Palm Tree 100 -120 litres/day
 Ornamental Tree 80 - 100 litres/day

2
Shrubs and Hedges 10 - 15 litres/m /day

2
Ground Cover 10 - 12 litres/m /day

2
Turf (Grass) 12 - 15 litres/m /day
 Separate independent solenoid valves shall be provided for each type of planting:
 Drip irrigation system for trees and shrubs is combined to common solenoid valve.
 Drip irrigation system for groundcovers shall be an independent solenoid valve.
 Drip irrigation system for seasonal flowers shall be an independent solenoid valve.
 Sprayer system for turf shall be an independent solenoid valve.
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 Sprinkler system for turf shall be an independent solenoid valve.
 Daily operating time shall not exceed 12 hours, of which sprinkler and spray shall not
exceed 4 hours.
 For pipe sizing the mean velocity of flow in sub-main or laterals shall not exceed
1.5m/sec.
 The total head loss in the sub-main line (take off point to solenoid valve) shall not exceed
4 metres.
 The total friction loss in lateral lines from the far end of the lateral up to the last solenoid
valve shall not exceed 2.5 metres.
 Total friction loss in a drip line from the extreme end to the drip line riser shall not exceed
0.5 metres.
 The loss in the filtration at the pump room shall be within the limits if 5 metres.
 The length of the drip pipe line from either side of the take-off riser shall not exceed 50
metres.
 Irrigation duty point (Take-off point) shall be provided on the Main line network by
considering the Irrigation Network Hydraulic analysis. All the Irrigation duty points shall be
in a separate valve chamber with Isolation valve and Water metres.
 Quick coupler valves shall be provided directly on Sub-main such that no planted area is
more than 25 metres from a quick coupler position.
40.4 Submittals
The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer the following documentation for review and
approval before commencing works.
40.5 Materials and Equipment Schedule

All catalogues, diagrams, material samples, drawings and such other data may be required to
demonstrate compliance with the specification. All materials shall be as described in the
Specifications. The successful Contractor shall submit samples of all materials, which are
proposed to be used in the system, sufficiently in advance, to the Engineer, for approval, prior
to their installation. Any materials used which are not approved nor to the satisfaction of the
Engineer, may be rejected and the Contractor shall replace them, at his own cost, with
acceptable items.
40.6 Existing Services and permits to work

Prior to start OF any work at site the Contractor has to approach all local service authorities to
get their No Objection Certificates for the work included in this contract and obtain record
drawings for their existing services. A copy of these drawings and No Objection Certificates
should be submitted to the Engineer before starting the actual work at site.
40.7 Shop Drawings and Verifications of

Dimensions
Please note that the Contractor should make a detail survey of existing levels in the Contract
area. Trial pits should be taken in the service corridor areas as per approved local
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government standards. Mark all the existing services in reference to the road edge and
building line along with its depth from the existing ground level and the proposed landscaped
finished level.
Any delay to provide the above mentioned information regarding trial trenches, existing
services and levels which affects the progress of works shall be the responsibility of the
Contractor.
The Contractor shall carefully check and verify all details on the Irrigation Main Line contract
drawings and shall report all variations to the Engineer.
Both Imperial Units and Metric Units are used as appropriate.
The Contractor shall co-ordinate with concerned Consultants/ Contractors while preparing the
shop drawing and in finalising irrigation line position to suit irrigation corridor prior to
commencement of work to the approval of Engineer.
The Contractor shall prepare and submit detailed shop drawings with supporting calculations
for approval in the format as required by the Employer or approved by the Engineer prior to
starting the work on site:
 Details of sub-mains, lateral pipes and other typical connections.
 Detailed Drip Irrigation layout with complete design calculations.
 Sketch plans for drip layout in shrubs and groundcover beds showing interface with
planting layout incorporating locations and number of take-off/ riser connections with
hydraulic calculations.
 Detailed Bubbler layout with complete design calculations
 Detailed Sprayer/ Sprinkler layout with complete design calculations.
 Wiring diagrams including conduits, pull boxes, sizing and calculations to verify that cable
sizing is in accordance with valve manufacturer‘s printed recommendations.
 Electrical power and control wiring diagram system for irrigation controllers, field wiring
and grounding.
 Irrigation system operation schedule including valves and stations sequencing.
 Satellite controller installation Details.
 Irrigation installation details
 Hydraulic calculations of sub-main with co-ordinate with Irrigation Main line network.
 Detailed Duct Layout.
The approval shall not relieve the Contractor of any of his responsibility under the contract for
successful completion of the work.
Note: The Contractor shall not install any part of the work without approval of shop drawings
and materials.
40.7.1 Manufacturers Certifications

40.7.2 UPVC Pipe and Fittings
Certification shall be by a recognised certification mark scheme such as "The Kite mark", or
by an independent third party testing organisation approved by the Engineer, that production
has been carried out under a system for supervision, control and testing applied during
manufacture in accordance with BS 5750 or an approved equal procedure.
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40.7.3 Valves and special steel fittings
Manufacturer's certificate for pressure testing and coating, including holiday and Dry Film
Thickness (DFT) test reports for each valve, fitting and spool if applicable.
40.7.4 Emitters
Certification of coefficient of manufacturer's variation.
40.7.5 Manufacturers Recommendations

The Contractor shall submit manufacturer's recommendations for installation and
commissioning of each material or piece of equipment for approval prior to commencing work.
Recommendations shall include testing methods, storage requirements (if applicable)
maintenance and operational data. The Contractor shall have a copy of the manufacturer's
instructions available on site at all times while works in progress and shall follow these
instructions unless otherwise authorised to deviate by the Engineer.
40.7.6 Spare Parts

The Contractor shall submit manufacturer's listing of spare parts for approval prior to
commissioning any piece of equipment. Recommendations shall include stocking
recommendations; exploded assembly diagrams illustrating location and spare parts to be
utilised and all relevant operational data.
40.7.7 Installation and Testing

The Contractor shall submit his proposed work method statement for approval prior to
commencing work. The statement shall detail proposed sequence of work, hold points, testing
frequency and document control.
40.7.8 Progress Report

The Contractor shall submit a program of works relating to man hours for each activity and
shall present the program in the form of a Bar Chart. This Bar Chart shall be updated monthly
as work progresses.
40.7.9 Manufacturers Literature

At such time when the list of materials has been approved by the Engineer, the Contractor
shall provide four (4) sets of manufacturer's technical and maintenance literature to the
Engineer. Data sheets shall provide sufficient technical information to identify each product
and shall include the name and the address of the approved local representative.
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40.7.10 As-Built Conditions
The Contractor shall maintain one set of approved shop drawings for the sole purpose of
recording "As-Built" conditions of the irrigation system. All changes previously approved and
all completed works shall be recorded on these drawings. All valve locations and piping shall
be dimensioned and recorded. The Contractor must record all as-built details for all electrical
installations. Provisional acceptance will not be considered unless the Contractor submits
complete as-built records for the Engineer's further action.
As built-drawings shall be prepared by the Contractor in the format as required by the
Employer or approved by the Engineer. As-Built drawings shall be presented to the Engineer
for approval prior to the substantial completion of the works.
40.7.11 Circuit Diagrams

The Contractor must submit all circuit diagrams of electrical installation along with samples
and Specifications of material proposed in order to obtain approval prior to fabrication or
installation.
40.7.12 Operations and Maintenance

Manuals
Operation and maintenance manuals shall include the following information:
 Description of equipment
 Operation of equipment
 Maintenance of equipment and schedule
 Servicing of equipment
 Control diagrams
 Irrigation Valve operation Schedule, controller station no., valve no., size, flows, operating
time etc.
 Diagrams of the system
 Copy of all approved items
 Spare parts list
 Names, contact numbers and addresses of spare parts suppliers.
 Test reports
 Certificates
 Bill of material used in the contract
 Letter of satisfaction
 Guarantees
 Copy of as built to be included.
A digital copy of operation and Maintenance Manual complete with Valve operation Schedule,
Circuit and Control diagrams shall be submitted to along with As-Built drawings.
40.7.13 Silence of Specifications

The apparent silence of Specifications, drawings or other contract documents as to any detail
or the apparent omission from them of a detailed description concerning any point shall be
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regarded as meaning that only the best general practice is to be used. All interpretations of
the Specifications will be made by the Engineer on this basis.
40.7.14 System Explanations

During site visits by the Engineer/ Employer, operation of the system will be delineated to all
authorised persons desiring such information.
40.7.15 Layout of Work

The Contractor shall stake-out the irrigation system in accordance with the approved shop
drawings. Staking-out shall be performed in such a manner as to ensure permanency of the
staked locations until such time as the irrigation system is installed. Stakes shall be placed to
show location of valves, pipelines and control head. Stakes shall be flagged with bright
flagging for ease of location. All staking-out by the Contractor shall be subject to the approval
of the Engineer.
The Contractor shall stake-out the landscape patterns as shown on the landscape drawings.
These patterns shall be marked with lime powder and nylon ropes for future use during the
plantation phase.
40.7.16 Clean Up
During the course of construction, the Contractor shall remove waste material from the site
continually as is necessary to keep the site in an orderly manner. Waste material shall be
removed from the work site and not to be used as back-fill material. Upon completion of the
contract the Contractor shall remove all waste equipment and parts and leave the site in a
neat and orderly condition.
40.7.17 Warranty
All work included under this section shall be warranted by the Contractor against all defects
and malfunction of materials and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of final
acceptance of the irrigation system. Should problems arise with the system during the
warranty period, all necessary repairs and/or replacements shall be made by the Contractor in
an expedient manner at no additional cost to the Employer.
The Contractor shall be responsible for operation and maintenance of the system for a period
of one year from the date of Handover Certificate.
40.7.18 Product Storage and Handling

All products shall be delivered in the manufacturer's original protective packaging and shall be
inspected at the time of delivery. Any products, which are found to be damaged; not in
accordance with Specifications or not date stamped or with expired date stamp shall be
immediately removed from the site and replaced.
Evidence may be required to verify that sensitive materials such as uPVC piping, solvent
cement, rubber gaskets etc. have been properly protected during transport from point of
manufacture and during storage prior to delivery to the site.
All products shall be handled and stored in accordance with printed recommendations of the
manufacturer.
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All site storage areas shall be shaded at all times. Pipe stacks shall be designed to ensure
that pipes and especially pipe sockets are not deformed during storage and/or affected by
sunlight.
Precautions shall also be taken to protect items sensitive to sunlight or heat prior to back-
filling operations. UPVC pipes shall on no account be exposed to sunlight for more than two
weeks in summer or four weeks in winter. Any pipe whether installed or not which is observed
to be sun burnt or oval shall be removed from the site and replaced.
40.7.19 Operation and Maintenance

Contractor shall be responsible for operation and maintenance of Irrigation System during the
consolidated period. Contractor shall provide adequate staff for the operations and
maintenance of automatic Irrigation system.
This operation and maintenance shall include the following:
 Replacement of faulty emitters/ sprayers or any other equipment, drip tube etc.
 Daily checking of all Irrigation System and its operation including flushing
 Adjustment of sprayers etc
 Setting of watering schedules as per seasonal changes
 Checking of control system and control valves
 Adjustment of drip lines drifted away from trees and providing stakes
40.7.20 Materials
40.7.21 Definitions
The scope of this section includes a description of materials and methods for the hydraulic
element of the system.
All materials covered by this Specification shall be from approved local qualified
representative to provide the appropriate level of technical support.
All equipment, fittings and accessories shall be suitably rated to comply with the system
design and operating parameters.
40.7.22 Pipes and Fittings

UPVC piping shall be fabricated from un-plasticized polyvinyl chloride according to BS
3505:1968 and BS 3506:1969. Pressure rating shall be not less than class D. Where
temperature of water exceeds 20oC the Contractor is responsible for proposing alternative
pipe work suitable for the proposed installation. Pipe shall be supplied in lengths no smaller
than six (6) metres. Each length of pipe shall bear markings to identify type and grade. All
piping shall show no evidence of blisters, grooves or other extrusion marks. The Contractor
shall provide three (3) samples of each size one metres in length for approval prior to supply
and installation. All pipes 80mm and above to be with Lock Ring Socket. The socket to be
integral part of the pipe and in accordance to BS 4346 Part 2:1970. It shall incorporate a triple
compression rubber seal complying with BS 2494: Part 2 and when jointed offers three-fold
hydraulic security under both positive and negative pressure heads. The socket should have
the same wall thickness as the pipe with an extra sleeve to maintain the correct pressure
rating at the joint.
All pipe joints shall be solvent welding using adhesive solvent and primer as recommended in
writing by the manufacturer and approved by the Engineer. All cans of solvent and primer
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shall have labels intact and shall be stamped with date of manufacture. No cans dated over
two years old will be permitted. No thinning of solvent or primer will be permitted. Lubricant
and solvent cement used to make joints shall be approved in writing by the pipes
manufacturer or his designated representative and the Engineer. Only male joints may be
used up to 50mm.
Joints larger than 50mm shall not be threaded. All threaded joints shall be made up using
PTFE tape or an approved equal thread sealant.
Pipes sized 110mm and larger shall be of Class D (12 bars working pressure) and smaller
pipes shall be class E (15 bars working pressure). Fittings shall be fabricated from uPVC
according to BS 4346.
All uPVC pipes and fittings shall be covered by licensed kite mark.
On no account shall saddle and cross type connections be made to uPVC pipe. All pipes
passing through ducts shall be solvent weld joints.
Flange couplers shall be PN 16 and in accordance with BS 4504, bolts and nuts (whether part
of the coupler or for fixing) shall be A4-70 stainless steel.
Threaded riser pipe used to support valves and sprinklers/sprayers and fittings may be
galvanised steel or brass. All galvanising shall be carried out after threading.
PVC pipes and fittings equivalent sizes:
PVC OD (mm) 110 90 75 63 50
40 32 25 20
40.7.23 Polyethylene pipe and fittings

Polyethylene (PE) pipes for drip lines shall be manufactured from linear low-density
polyethylene incorporating a minimum of 2.8% carbon black and shall have a working
pressure of 4 bars.
Random samples of drip pipes shall be subjected to the Teepol crack resistance test. The
sample shall be immersed in a bath containing a solution of 10% Teepol and 90% water
maintained at 50 degrees C. The pipe shall resist the solution without showing any fatigue or
crack for a period of 150 hours.
The test should be carried out in an independent laboratory locally.
All fittings for drip lines shall be compression type. Insert barbed type fittings secured by
plastic ratchet clips shall not be used.
For the trees and palms planted in the tiled areas, a common drip line ( with a drip line riser
for several trees/palms) running through conduit is not acceptable. A separate drip line riser
from the PVC lateral line shall be provided for each planter.
The pipes for bubbler, drip line, sprayer riser connections shall be as per BS 1972-67 Class C
or approved equivalent.
The fittings for the above pipes should be compression quick joint type with minimum 12 bar
nominal pressure.
40.7.24 Steel Pipe and Fittings

Steel pipe hall confirm to API standard schedule 80 or other equal and approved. Welded
fittings shall be schedule 80 and wedneck. Flanges shall be in accordance with BS 4504
PN16. All bolts, nuts and washers used for flange assembly or integral with bolted couplers
shall stainless steel (A4-70).
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All pipes and fittings shall be coated inside and outside by electrostatic fusion bonded epoxy
to an average DFT 150 microns, or by fusion bonded plastic powder coating to average
DFT500 microns.
40.7.25 Threaded steel pipes and fittings

Threaded steel pipes and fittings used for risers shall be hot dipped galvanised mild steel,
class C in accordance with BS1387.
All G.I. and steel pipes and fittings are to be coated inside and outside by electrostatic fusion
bonded epoxy to an average DFT 150 microns, or by fusion bonded plastic powder coating to
average DFT500 microns
Any galvanised pipe installed in contact with the soil shall be wrapped with at least two layers
of an approved petrolatum impregnated tape of min.thickness of 1.15mm and applied with
50% overlap. The wrapping tape shall extend a minimum of 100 mm above the soil. Steel
piping and fittings shall only be installed above ground or as otherwise specified.
Joints shall be threaded and sealed with PTFE tape or equal and approved method.
Connections to the flanged equipment shall be via threaded flanged adapters. All nuts, bolts
and washers used for flange assembly or with bolted couplers shall be stainless steel A4-70.
40.7.26 Ductile Iron Pipe and Fittings

Ductile iron pipe and fittings shall be in accordance with BS 4772 or ISO 2531. They shall be
supplied by an internationally recognized and approved manufacturer. Ductile iron pipes and
fittings shall be supplied, stored, laid, backfilled and tested in accordance with CP2010. The
pipes shall not exceed 5.5 metres in length and push-in or flexible mechanical joints shall be
used unless otherwise stated.
Where flanged joints are used, the flanges shall be faced and drilled to PN16 as defined in BS
4504, unless otherwise directed. Flanged joints shall be made with inside bolt circle gaskets
as described in BS4865 part1, and gaskets from plain rubber as per BS1737. Bolts shall be
stainless steel Grade A4-70, complete with nuts and washers. The threaded portion of the
bolts shall be of sufficient length to allow at least two threads to protrude beyond the nut when
tightened.
Pipe barrels shall be class K9. Tapers bend and pipes with cast on flanges shall be
classK12.Tees shall be classK14.
The internal and external surfaces of all ductile iron pipes and fittings shall be coated
according to one of the following methods.
 Fusion Bonded plastic Powder Coating ( average 500 microns)
 Fusion Bonded Epoxy Coating ( minimum 300 microns)
40.7.27 Valves and Accessories

40.7.28 Solenoid Valves
Automatic remote control valves shall be of the sizes as per the approved shop drawings.
The valves shall be normally closed with reverse flow design diaphragm type with slow
opening and closing action for protection against surge pressure.
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Actuation shall be by one-piece solenoid with captured plunger and spring and rated 24 volts,
50 cycles, having a maximum inrush current of 0.41 amps and a maximum 0.28 amps holding
current with coil resistance 23-39 ohms.
Construction shall provide for convenient access to functional parts without removal of valve
from system plumbing. A manual flow control adjustment, with shut-off capability shall be
furnished on all valves. Valves shall have a manual internal and external bleed operation.
Valve pressure rating shall not be less than 200 PSI. Valve shall have a self flushing screen.
The solenoid functional parts shall be stainless steel, brass or bronze for corrosion resistance.
A mechanism shall be provided for bleeding of the diaphragm chamber for manual operation.
Valves shall be fabricated from heavy cast brass. Inlet and outlet shall be threaded BSP.
All valves shall be provided with a pressure regulator capable of regulating downstream
pressure between 15 to 100 PSI (within an accuracy of +/- 5 PSI) regardless of upstream
pressure. It shall provide full and accurate pressure regulating capabilities irrespective of
whether it is operated electrically or manually.
40.7.29 Gate Valves

Gate valves 80mm diameters and larger shall be double flange, ductile iron waterworks
valves, with wedge type gate and non-rising stem. Valves shall be manufactured in
accordance with DIN 3352. All valves shall be coated with epoxy internally and externally to
average DFT 300 microns for protection against corrosion of body components.
Valves installed below ground shall be provided stem cap for keyed operation.
Valves to have non rising stem of stainless steel, stem nut brass or cast aluminium bronze
with gun metal. Body components shall be of ductile cast iron SG GGG-50 stem sealing by
elastomer /NBR rubber O rings.
Up to size DN 400 resilient seated Gate valves are preferred with ductile iron wedge fully
covered with special grade elastomer EPDM rubber. Heavy duty steel keys with head
configuration to fit operating nut and handle length as required for proper above ground
operation shall be provided in numbers specified by the Engineer.
Valve above ground shall be provided with a hand-wheel. Nominal pressure rating for the
valves shall be 16 bars or more. All bolts and nuts to be stainless steel grade A4-70
Gate valves 50mm in diameters and smaller shall have a non-rising stem and be
manufactured from brass or bronze according to BS 5154. The inlet and outlet shall be BSP
threaded, with rating of PN 16 or above.
40.7.30 Air Valves

Provide automatic double orifice air vents at all high points on the pressure sub- mains. Air
valves and other similar items shall conform to BS 2591. Automatic air valves shall have non-
corrosive floats in chambers with clear space ensuring blockage free operation. All
components for the air valve actuating mechanism including the actuating lever shall be
stainless steel.
The body and cover of the valve are to be of bronze or ductile iron with phenol primer coating.
Nozzles with seals and actuating mechanism are to be located in the removable upper plate
connected to the valve body using stainless steel grade 316/A4-70 bolts. Valves shall be
coated with epoxy internally and externally to average DFT 300 microns for protection against
corrosion of body components. All nuts and bolts are to be stainless steel grade 316/A4-70
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The pressure rating shall be 16 bars. The internal components shall be stainless steel. The
valve size and installation shall be as per site conditions and Engineer‘s instruction.
40.7.31 Quick Coupling Valve

Quick coupling valves shall be operated by insertion of a compatible hollow coupler key. The
valve shall be operated by a 90-degree turn in clockwise direction with reverse turn of closure.
The valve cover shall be spring loaded, rubber coated and lockable.
Quick coupling valves shall be bronze or brass. Cover shall be rubber covered bronze. The
seat disc plunger shall be spring loaded to keep valve closed at zero inlet pressure. Coupler
shall be removable from top while valve is under pressure. Valve shall be one piece design
with single slot. Size shall be 20mm.
The valve shall be operated with plug-in type special coupler key with single lug. The key
shall be cast bronze. For connection hose, swivel elbow to be used. The keys are to be from
same manufacturer to ensure compatibility of the connection.
Each quick coupler valve box shall have affixed a permanent notice in Arabic and English
warning that the water is not suitable for drinking. Notices shall be minimum 50 x 50 mm.
A key complete with swivel elbow and 25mm diameters reinforced rubber garden hose pipe
shall be provided for every five valves installed.
40.7.32 Valve Boxes

Air valves (25mm or smaller only), flush valves, quick coupling valves, solenoid valves and
wires pull boxes to be installed in access boxes of sufficient size to permit ready removal of
the valve inner assemblies without removing the box from the ground. Valve names and
numbers must be clearly marked inside and outside of the box with permanent tags. All valve
boxes shall be installed in non traffic areas and preferably in landscape zones.
Valve boxes shall be fabricated from reinforced plastic and recommended sizes shall be as
follows:
Table 8 – Valve Box sizing
Cover Depth
Quick coupler Valve 250 mm (dia.) 230 mm
Pull box, Air valve 25mm 430 x 295 mm 300 mm

and Flush valve
Solenoid valves up to 590x 349 mm 380 mm

50mm
Solenoid Valves above 825 x 495mm 450mm

2" And isolation valve up
to 80mm
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Measurements are taken from the top of the boxes. Covers shall be secured by stainless
steel 316/A4-70 bolts.
Note:
Installation of valve boxes in paved areas and hardscape areas are not allowed. All valve
boxes/pull boxes in paved areas shall be in RCC and with heavy-duty iron manhole covers.
All manholes in paved/hardscape areas shall be recessed construction type.
All valve boxes shall be provided with suitable tags/labelling to the approval of the Engineer.
Provide cable numbering for all control cables.
Valve Chambers
The 80mm and above isolation valves shall be in reinforced cement concrete chambers. The
contractor shall submit shop drawings for the chambers as per site conditions for approval.
The valve chamber covers shall be double triangular heavy duty ductile iron cover with clear
opening 600 x 900 mm, bitumen epoxy coated. The cover shall be loosely coupled by
stainless steel nuts and bolts. Covers are to be painted green. The word ―IRRIGATION‖ in
English shall be cast on the covers.
Valve chambers with depth of more than 2.00 metres shall be provided with a heavy-duty
aluminium/GRP ladder. Valve chambers for 80mm and below valves shall be of block-work
with high density PVC valve box.
40.7.33 Pressure compensating emitters

Emitters shall be constructed from durable black-heat resistant plastic. The emitters shall be
barbed configuration, which can be inserted easily into Polyethylene tubing. Pressure
compensation shall be achieved by a flexible orifice located in resilient Silicone elastomer
diaphragms. The orifice shall be a self-flushing type and shall self-cleaning during each
irrigation cycle at the start up and shutdown. The emitters are also to have manual flushing
capability. The emitter exponent shall be 0.10 or less. The body and the diaphragm should be
resistant to high concentration of Chlorine, fertilisers and pesticides.
40.7.34 Pressure compensating inline

drippers
Inline Drippers shall consist of linear low density polyethylene tubing with pressure
compensating, self flushing type integral type emitters. The tubing shall have a minimum
outside diameters (O.D) 16mm and thickness of 1.1mm +/-0.05mm. Pipes for drip lines shall
be manufactured from low density polyethylene incorporating a minimum of 2.8% carbon
black, antioxidants in an amount not exceeding 0.5% and shall have a nominal pressure PN6.
Random samples of drip pipes shall be subjected to the Teepol crack resistance test. The
sample shall be immersed in a bath containing a solution of 10% Teepol and 90% water
maintained at 50 degrees C. The pipe shall resist the solution without showing any fatigue or
crack for a period of 150 hours.
The test should be carried out in an independent laboratory locally.
All fittings for drip lines shall be compression type.
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The emitters shall be pressure compensating according to ISO 9260 and the emission rate of
the emitter shall remain constant at varying water pressure from 1 bar to 4.5 bars. The flow
path in emitter shall ensure turbulent flow and emitter shall confirm to excellent pressure
compensation and self-cleaning/flushing mechanism. The emitter shall be clog resistant and
the filtration requirement not more than 150 mesh. The coefficient of variation shall be les
than 5%. The flow of the emitter shall remain constant at temperature varying from 0 to 60
degree Celsius.
The capacity and spacing of the in-built/ on-line emitters in the planning area shall be as
follows:
40.7.35 For Groundcovers:

Discharge rate of each emitter shall be 0.5 GPH. Spacing between emitters in drip line shall
be 50 cm. Spacing between drip lines should be 50cm. either on line emitters or in line drip
tube can be used. Number of emitters per sqm is 4.
40.7.36 For Seasonal Flowers:

Discharge rate of each emitter shall be 0.5 GPH. Spacing between emitters on drip line shall
be 50cm. Spacing between drip lines should be 30cm. Either on line emitters or in line drip
tube can be used.
40.7.37 For Trees:

A loop of drip poly hose (1 metre dia. around the tree) with 6 no of on line PC emitters of
2GPH each equally spaced. Length of PE tube in a loop shall not be less than 3.2 metres.
40.7.38 For Shrubs, the arrangement of

emitters shall be as following:
Shrubs spacing (c/c) > 1000 mm: use 3 emitters (1 US GPH each) per plant. The first
emitter shall be placed at the centre of the trunk and
other 2 emitters shall be placed 25cm apart both side of
the first emitter.
Shrubs spacing (c/c) >/=750 mm: use 2 emitters (1 US GPH each) per plant. The emitters
shall be placed 15cm from the centre of the trunk on both
side.
Shrubs spacing (c/c) >/= 500 mm: use 1 emitter (1 US GPH) per plant
2
Shrubs spacing (c/c) < 500 mm: use 4 emitters (0.5 US GPH each) per m
Note: For shrubs and groundcovers located within palm pits, no additional irrigation is
required beyond the specified bubbler arrangement.
All Drip Tubing products must have warranty against cracking and performance for 7 Years.
Separate drip line risers shall be for each planter. Each tree in grass areas shall be provided
with separate drip line riser.
Drip stakes shall be provided at each point of change in direction of drip line and spacing
between drip stakes shall not more than 10 metres. Stakes shall be fabricated from
polypropylene and shall be at least 220mm long. Stake head shall feature a serrated surface
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to grip drip line. Tails of the stakes shall be provided with integral barb type flaps to increase
retention in soil. All emitters shall be provided with bug caps.
Emitter boxes shall be provided for Trees/ big shrubs drippers in Lawn areas. Emitter boxes
shall be made of rugged, UV-resistant thermoplastic construction.
PE drip tube shall be buried 10 cm below the ground level. Irrigation can be achieved by
connecting Barb connectors at one end of 4 mm distribution tubing and extends emitter
outlets in other end to desirable discharge locations. Distribution tubing shall be made from
quality polyethylene materials.
40.7.39 Pressure compensating bubblers

Bubblers shall be constructed from UL stabilized engineering grade plastic and rubber and
shall be pressure compensating in the range 2.00 to 5.00 bar, delivery shall be umbrella
pattern, flow shall be 1GPM. Inlet shall be 12mm female thread.
Stakes for bubblers shall be constructed from strong temperature resistant polypropylene
plastic with protective stop collar. Length shall be 30cm each side of inlet with barbed side
inlet suitable for class ―C‖ polyethylene pipes; outlet shall be 12mm external male thread.
Two (2) nos. bubblers shall be used for each palm tree at 1GPM each
40.7.40 Pop up sprayers

The sprinklers shall have a high-level impact strength corrosion resistant body, stem and
nozzle. Pop-up height shall be 110mm in general. However, the size of pop-up body and
placement shall be selected as per site conditions. The sprayer shall have a heavy-duty
stainless steel retraction spring and piston with slip clutch to facilitate nozzle positioning.
The sprayer shall incorporate a pressure-activated multi - functional wiper seal to protect the
internal mechanism against ingress of foreign material and prevent pressure blow-out and
shall have an easily accessible under-nozzle screen. The wiper seal should be a co-moulded
type that ensures flow-by of less than 0.10 US.GPM at low pressure and complete sealing at
pressure greater than 10 PSI. The sprayer shall have 12mm threaded inlet.
All Sprayers should be provided With Built-In Seal-A-Matic Check Valve and built- in stem
pressure regulator to maintain constant outlet pressure of 30 PSI.
The nozzles shall have precipitation rates matched across sets and across patterns. The
standard nozzle shall be capable of covering 4.5 metres radius at 2.0 bar pressure.
Table 9 Standard sprayers shall have the following performance at 30 PSI and 30 deg
trajectory.
Pattern Radius (m) Discharge (US.GPM)
Full 4.5 3.70
Three Quarter 4.5 2.78
Half 4.5 1.85
Quarter 4.5 0.92
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Spacing for the sprayers with standard nozzle shall not be more than 4 metres. For small
areas sprayers with low flow nozzle shall be used.
All nozzles for standard and low angle shall be MPR.
Sprayers should be installed in such a way that water will not hit stem of the palm tree or any
other structure or the Electric panel. The sprayer shall be as manufactured by Rain Bird or
approved equivalent.
A) Standard (25 deg Trajectory)
40.7.41 Pressure Gauges

Pressure gauges shall be stainless steel, direct reading, glycerine filled capable of 0-10
kg/cm2 register with 0.25 graduations. The gauge shall be of glass or Plexiglas faced and
drip-proof and minimum dia of 50 mm. All pressure gauges shall be fitted with gauge cocks.
The Gauge cocks inlet shall be of same size as the pressure gauges and be fabricated from
stainless steel.
40.7.42 Underground warning tape

Warning tape shall be laid above main pipes. Tapes shall be durable and detectable by
Electro-Magnetic means using low output generator equipment. They shall remain legible and
colour fast in all soil conditions at PH values of 2.5 to 11.0 inclusive.
The tapes shall be flexible and subject to the Engineer's approval. The width of the tape
should be at least 160mm.
The tape shall be Orange colour with black text in Arabic and English as "CAUTION
IRRIGATION PRESSURE MAIN BELOW". The text on the tape shall be permanent ink-
bonded to resist prolonged chemical attack by corrosive acid and alkaline with message
repeated at a maximum interval of two metres. The tape shall be laid 300mm above the
pipeline.
The tape shall be continuous over pipelines and at joints there should be a minimum of one
metres overlapping.
40.7.43 Electrical Equipment

All electrical equipment shall be in accordance with local regulations and Electrical Works
specification. Enclosures shall be protected in accordance with IP55 for equipment installed
above ground and IP58 for equipment installed below grade.
Wiring to and from control panels shall be routed in heavy duty PVC conduits below the
ground. Above grade conduits to be liquid tight flexor galvanized steel
Provision to be made for inspection tees and elbows to facilitate removal in the future
Names of manufacturer for electrical components shall be approved by Engineer
40.7.44 Electrical wire for solenoid valves

and satellite controller
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All electrical wire for underground use shall be single core solid ―Underground Feeder‖ type
insulated with a flame-retardant thermoplastic compound, rated for 600 volts and direct burial.
The contractor shall prepare a wire sizing chart with effective lengths of each station and
common wires, which shall be submitted for approval prior to commencement of work. Cable
markers shall be used for indicating dedicated valve number on each cable. They shall occur
at the Satellite controller, at all splices in pull boxes and in valve boxes. Cables shall be laid in
PVC conduits.
Power cables and signal cables for satellites shall be laid in separate conduits. Separate wire
shall be laid for each solenoid valve, and valve combination shall be arranged at the
respective field satellite.
The cable manufacturer shall certify that the insulated conductors have been tested for and
meet the requirements of U.L.
The two conductors shall be colour coded with one conductor Black and other Red. The
conductors shall be tin coated. Soft drawn, annealed solid copper confirming to the
requirements of ASTM -33. One spare wire shall be provided after every 5 solenoid valves.
The cable shall be suitable for direct burial in the earth; however it shall be installed in ducts
or conduits.
Pull boxes shall be provided at every place of change in direction of conduit piping, near
solenoid valves. In any case, spacing between adjacent pull boxes in a line shall not exceed
50 metres.
Sizes of Conduits shall be as follows:
 25mm - up to 4 wires
 110mm - more than 30 wires
Irrigation control cables shall be colour coded as follows:

 Common wire for Drip - Green
 Common wire for sprayer/ sprinkler - Black
 Drip Valve wire - Blue
 Sprayer valve wire - Yellow
 Sprinkler valve wire - Orange
 Spare wire - White
Separate pull boxes shall be used for power cables. Separate conduit and pull boxes should
be used for two-way signal cables. Cable numbering shall be provided for all control cables.
40.7.45 Wire connectors

All wire connections at electric remote control valves and all splices in the field shall be made
using wire connectors. The wire connectors shall be specifically designed to ensure
waterproof underground wire connections. The connectors shall be under-writers laboratories
(UL) listed water-resistant wire connectors rated 600 volts for PVC insulated copper wire with
insulation temperature rating of 105 degree Celsius.
The connectors shall be insulated with colour coded, pliable, vinyl skirts. They shall feature
live spring, which assures a tight grip even on small combinations.
All wire connections are to be arranged in plastic pull boxes at fixed interval distances of
max.100 metres and /or at any change of direction. All valve combinations shall be arranged
at the controller.
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40.7.46 Power Cables
All power cables shall be XLPE/SWA/PVC insulated. The armoured of the cable shall be
cross banded to earth. All signal and control cables shall be shielded.
40.7.47 Approved Manufacturers List

Table 10: Approved Manufacturers List
Ite Material Manufacturer
m
1 PVC fittings George Fisher
2 PE pipes Rain Bird or approved equivalent
3 PE fittings Rain Bird
Rain Drip
4 Compression Fittings Alprene
API
5 Solenoid Valves Rain Bird
Toro
Hunter
6 Gate Valves for Solenoid Valves Pegler
7 Gate Valves above 80mm AVK
8 Quick Coupling Valves Rain Bird
Toro
Hunter
9 Valve Boxes Carson
Applied Engineering
10 Pressure Compensating Emitters Rain Bird
Netafim
11 In line Drip Tube Rain Bird
Netafim
12 Emitter Boxes Rain Bird
13 Barbed connector Rain Bird or approved equivalent
14 Micro tube Rain Bird or approved equivalent
15 PC Bubbler Rain Bird
Toro
Hunter
16 Pop-Up Sprayers Rain Bird
17 Pop-up Sprinklers Rain Bird
Toro
Hunter
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Ite Material Manufacturer
m
18 Irrigation Control cable Paige
19 Wire Connectors 3M
20 Satellite Controller Rain Bird
21 Valve Chamber Cover Stanton
22 Filters Rain bird
Netafim
Orival Filters
23 Fertilizer Injection unit Rain Bird
Netafim
40.8 PVC Pipe Installations

PVC pipes shall be stored on site in a covered pipe store. Pipe stacks shall not be greater
than seven layers or two metres high. Pipes shall be shielded from the sun at all times and
shall be placed on a sand bed or on supports at least 75mm wide and placed not greater than
1.50m apart. Side supports shall be similarly constructed and placed not greater than 3.00m
apart. The pipe store shall allow for circulation of air. Rubber sealing rings shall be stored
inside closed boxes in a shaded place and shall on no account be exposed to sunlight for
more than a few hours.
Pipes shall be transported on the site on a flatbed trailer and shall never be dropped or
dragged along the ground.
Spigot ends of all pipes shall be chamfered to a depth of half the wall thickness at an angle of
15 degree. Pipes cut on site should be cut square to the pipe axis with a fine-toothed saw. All
swarf and burrs should be removed from the pipe prior to assembly of joints. Pipe cutters may
be used for 25mm pipe.
Spigot insertion depth shall be measured and marked on all pipe larger than 80mm using
indelible ink to allow checking at a later date.
Ring Joints shall be made using an approved non-ionic lubricant compatible with the sealing
ring. Before back filling, joints shall be checked to ensure that the spigot is inserted at least
90% of the socket depth in all circumstance.
Solvent welding shall be carried out by experienced fitters who fully understand the technique
and have successfully made a solvent weld joint in the presence of and to the approval of the
Engineer. Helpers brought up on site may only be allowed to make solvent joints after
inspection of their technique by the Engineer.
Solvent welded joints made on pipe 80mm and above shall be preceded by lightly abrading
both surfaces to be jointed using a medium glass paper or clean emery cloth. Solvent
―cleaner‖ shall be applied to all mating surfaces using a dauber or brush - (application using
rags will not be allowed). After ensuring that the mating surfaces are clean and dry solvent
cement shall be applied in sufficient quantities to ensure bonding but not in excessive
quantities that will leave appreciable residues inside the pipe.
Brush size shall be 200mm round for 25mm pipes; 25mm flat for 40mm pipes and 50mm flat
for larger pipes. Solvent cement should be applied by two people simultaneously for pipe
80mm and above. Immediately after application of the solvent cement the pipes shall be
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pushed together in a smooth continuous motion that ensures that the spigot is at least 90%
inserted in to the socket. The joint shall be held for a minimum of 20 seconds after insertion
and then surplus cement shall be cleaned from the outside of the pipe using a rag or paper.
Solvent cement and cleaner shall be provided in tins with brush or dauber fixed to the lid of
the tin. The lids shall be firmly closed at all times except when the joint is being made. Any
tins of solvent cement that become viscous or harden shall be discarded.
On no account shall brushes on which solvent cement has hardened be used for making
joints. All fitters involved in solvent cement jointing shall be provided with safety gloves that
prevent solvent touching the skin. The gloves shall be kept in good condition and shall be
replaced periodically.
Jointing shall not be carried out in windy conditions (wind speeds greater than 18km/hour). All
pipelines shall be capped at the end of each day‘s work.
Minimum distance of uPVC lateral lines for drip systems from the centre line of trees shall be
as follows:
a) Trees 1.0 metre
40.8.1 Drip Line Pipe

Drip line pipe shall be installed 10cm below the ground. The drip line take off points shall be
limited by the following criteria.
1) No Drip line shall exceed 50cm in length.
2) No Drip line shall exceed 100nos emitters along its length.
40.8.2 Valves
Isolation Valves, air valves and solenoid valves shall be installed neat and tidy. Valve boxes
shall be shall be installed level and aligned with pavement.
Cover of the valve chambers and valve boxes shall be level and aligned with pavement as
instructed by the Engineer.
All valve chambers and pull boxes shall be in groundcovers/ shrubs areas. If any chamber/
box has to fall in a lawn area, they shall be preferably aligned and located to the approval of
the Engineer.
40.8.3 Irrigation Equipment

Equipment shall be installed to achieve optimum irrigation efficiency and to accommodate the
requirements of the landscaping. All irrigation equipment such as spray heads and emitters
shall be installed only after all the laterals and risers are flushed thoroughly and water is clear
of suspended particles and debris.
All cable splices shall be waterproof and made inside valve boxes leaving at last one metre of
spare cable neatly coiled at each joint and bend.
Controllers shall be individually earthed by an approved copper clad grounding rod minimum
length 15mm x 3 metres driven down into the water table and connected to the controller by a
2
brass clamp and a 4mm grounding wire.
40.8.4 Irrigation Control Equipment
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The Contractor shall strictly follow the instruction of the suppliers and provide the Engineer
with all technical information related to this equipment.
40.9 Testing
40.9.1 Pipe Line Pressure (sub-main)
Testing should not be carried out against closed valves. All charging should be carried out
from the lowest point of the under test section and all testing equipment should be located at
this point.
The pressure gauge should also be located at the lowest point or adjustment must be made
for the level of the pressure gauge relative to the pipes location.
Prior to testing care should be taken to ensure that all anchor blocks have attained adequate
maturity and that any solvent welded joints included in the pipe system have developed full
strength. Correct support and anchorage of any above ground sections of the pipeline is also
necessary. Underground pipelines should be back-filled taking particular care to consolidate
around lengths, which may have been deflected to negotiate curves.
All joints should be left exposed until testing is completed. The main pipe should be charged
slowly from the lowest point with any air cock in the open position. They should be closed in
sequence from the lowest point only when water visibly free from aeration is being discharged
through them. Satisfactorily charged, the main should be allowed to stand overnight to allow
any residual air to rise out. Re-venting is then necessary and any water deficiency should be
made up.
Pressure testing can then begin by pumping slowly until the pressure reaches 9 bars. This
pressure shall be kept for 24 hours.
A maximum water loss of 3 litres per 1000mm length per 25mm nominal bore per 24 hours
shall be considered acceptable.
40.9.2 Painting
Dry film thickness (DFT) of all painted valves and spool pieces shall be measured on delivery
to site. DFT shall be the average of no less than three measurements with no one
measurement less than 75% of nominal average DFT. Holiday tests shall be carried out on
internal and external surfaces on delivery and also on external surfaces prior to backfilling.
40.9.3 Thrust Blocks (sub-main)

At each bend deviation or at the end of pipeline a thrust block shall be provided. Heavy- duty
polyethylene sheet shall be used to wrap the pipe at the point of contact between pipeline
fittings and the thrust block. Calculation and design of the thrust blocks shall be done by the
Contractor and to be approved by the Engineer.
40.9.4 Electrical Codes

The entire works shall be carried out in strict accordance with this specification and those as
issued by the local Water and Electricity Authority.
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40.9.5 Electrical Tests
Each electrical equipment cable and complete system shall be thoroughly inspected and
tested before final placing in to service. All tests shall be made in compliance with respective
regulations, recommendations and standards. Any modifications or repairs deemed
necessary upon completion of the tests shall be executed at the Contractor‘s expenses.
Further tests shall be carried out for any modified or repaired equipment until it is certified
trouble-free and acceptable for its intended service by the Employer. All testing shall be
demonstrated to the Engineer. Refer section Y81 for details.
40.9.6 Electrical Installations

All electrical equipment under these contract documents shall pass adequate routine factory
tests. Field tests shall be made by qualified personnel approved by the Engineer. The
Contractor shall furnish all apparatus, material, labour and facilities for performing the
required tests. Unless otherwise specified the individual electrical equipment shall undergo
the following tests in accordance with the IEC recommendations or other approved standards.
In the workshop
 High Voltage Test to check on mechanical function
 Pre - test of functional sequences at site
 Visual Inspection / Insulation test (merger test)
 Check of functional sequences
The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer acceptance test certificates of all tests carried out
in his workshop including all measuring data and subsequent evaluation.
The following tests are to be carried out for all cables as a minimum:
 Resistance measurement
 Insulation test with specified AC power frequency test voltage
 Insulation resistance measurement of every individual cable length at site.
 Electrical continuity test for all controls.
The following tests shall be carried out upon completion of the earthing system:
 Measurement of the conductance of the earthing wires
 Measurement of the intermediate resistance of the earthing electrodes
The Contractor shall provide at his expense the necessary qualified personnel and calibration
requirement for the above measurements.
40.10 Commissioning
40.10.1 Flushing
All Irrigation equipment such as spray heads and emitters shall be installed only after all
piping is flushed thoroughly and water is clear of suspended particles and debris.
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40.10.2 Field Work
Commissioning of field work and equipment shall include all works required to bring the
system into service and to make sure that it is operating efficiently and shall include but not
be limited to the following:-
 Adjust valve outlet pressure +/- 10% nominal.
 Ensure that all sprayers and valve boxes are flush with the finish grade.
 Measure head loss from first to last sprayer in up to 50 different cases.
 Adjust sprayer to ensure spray onto pavement and paths is minimised. Replacing any
spray nozzles that have up burrs or sand lodged inside. Adjust spray pattern to ensure
optimal coverage.
 Replacing any clogged or partially clogged emitters less than 50% of nominal flow) or any
emitter overflowing by more than 50% (squirting). Carrying out emission uniformity test
involving at least 40 emitters on up to 10 valves, as directed by the Engineer.
 Controllers shall be adjusted to give an optimal flow regime generally in accordance with
the shop drawings and as instructed by the Engineer. Valves sequence may be modified
to ensure that valves operate in a logical sequence to facilitate maintenance operations.
 Preparing of Irrigation schedule
 Irrigation cycles for sprinklers and sprayers should be programmed during night time and
early morning time (from 12 midnight to 5am)
A full cycle shall be run four times and total system flow rates shall be recorded and stations
shall be adjusted in accordance with the instructions of the Engineer based on the results of
these trials.
Trials shall only be carried out after all valve pressures have been adjusted. During these
trials main line head losses shall be verified by installing pressure recorders at the start and
the end of the main line.
40.10.3 Irrigation Control System

Three standard irrigation schedules shall be developed in accordance with the requirements
of the Engineer and tested per controller schedule as above. Each particular function of the
system shall be demonstrated in accordance with an approved commissioning procedure
developed by the Contractor.
40.10.4 Operational and Maintenance

Manual
Operational and maintenance manuals shall be prepared and submitted for approval in draft
form prior to commencement of commissioning. Manuals shall contain comprehensive
operational schedules, recommended spare parts lists, manufacturers operating data and
exploded parts diagrams where applicable for the entire irrigation system.
Manuals shall be revised in accordance with the Engineer‘s instructions and reflect and
record the results of the commissioning procedures described above. Three bound copies of
the manual shall be delivered to the Engineer prior to the date of substantial completion
certificate issue.
40.10.5 As-Built Drawings

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The Contractor shall submit three (3) sets of hard copies and two (2) sets of soft copies of the
As Built drawings for all works included in this contract for approval in the format as required
by the Employer or approved by the Engineer.
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L50:Site Furniture & Landscape Features
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50.2 General
The contractor shall ensure that no items of furniture requiring permanent underground fixing
will affect other services for any building. All items to be fixed as per manufacturer‘s
specification and/or as otherwise specified.
50.3 Types of Furniture

 Landscape Light Fittings
 Timber Bench- Bespoke Item See Drawing 5109994-R1-DR-L-0020
50.4 Lighting
Location: General Landscape Area
Drawing References: Refer to drawing nos. 5109994-00-DR-L-0014
50.4.1 Bollard
Lighting Unit: Bollard – Concentrated Light Output
Model: Bega
Code: 8554
Lamp 24W LED, 1800 Lumen
Dimensions: 1000h x 165w
Material: Die cast aluminium and stainless steel
Colour / Finish: GREY
Rating: IP 65
50.4.2 Tree Spike Light:

Lighting Unit: Flood Light – In ground Spike Luminaries
Model: Bega
Code: 7921
Lamp 1 TCA-SE, 7-15W, 900 Lumen
Dimensions: 210 x 150w mm
Colour / Finish: Grey
Rating: IP 66
Mounting: With Spike Unit
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50.4.3 Landscape Up light:
Lighting Unit: Light Up Walk – Recessed Luminaire
Model: Bega
Code: 8015
Lamp 1 HIT-CE, 35 W, 3600 Lumen
Dimensions: 245h x 185w mm
Material: Structure and frame in stainless steel and
aluminium
Colour / Finish: Graphite
Rating: IP 68
Mounting: Recessed in Ground
50.4.4 Plaza Area Light

Lighting Unit: Light Up-Ground Level Lighting
Model: Bega
Code: 8826
Lamp 1.5W LED, 2 Lumen
Dimensions: 50x75 mm
Colour / Finish: Graphite
Rating: IP 68
Mounting: In ground
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50.4.5 Canopy Down Lights
PL- 1
Lighting Unit: LED Flood Light with Screw Clamp
Model: Bega
Code: 7922
Wattage 1 TCA-SE.TC-TSE.TC.DSE, 7-15W,
900Lumen
Dimensions: 150x315mm
Material: Die cast aluminium alloy with acrylic paint
Colour / Finish: Grey
Rating: IP 66
Mounting: With Screw Clamp
50.4.6 Pavement Inset Lights

Lighting Unit: Pavement Inset Light
Model: Bega
Code: 8743
Lamp 1 TC-S, 24W, 1800 Lumen
Dimensions: 180h x 460l mm
Material: Marine grade stainless steel AISI 316L
Colour / Finish: Stainless Steel
Rating: IP 67
Mounting: Floor Recess mounted
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L80:Landscape Paving Materials
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80.2 General
This section covers Precast Concrete Pavers. For laying see Section L72
Paving material as shown in the drawings shall be sourced by the Contractor. A sample of the
material is to be provided to the Engineer‘s for comment prior to the main order being placed.
Subsequently, the sample of accepted material is to be held by the Engineer as a stand alone
project sample.
80.3 Quality Assurance

Source: Provide stone units, which are the products of one supplier as approved. All material
shall comply with the relevant standards and codes as approved by the Engineer. Information
on the supplier of all materials used on the project shall be provided to the Engineer and
submitted for approval by the Engineer.
80.4 Precast Concrete Paving

Name on Drawing Colour Concrete Paviour Type I
Drawing References: 5109994-00-DR-L-0002
Base: Granular Subbase
Bedding: Sand
Colour: Beige
Finish: Shot blasted
Size: 300x300x80mm
Bond: Offset: Drawing 510994-DR-00-L-00000
Joints Butt Jointed.
Supplier: As approved by Engineer
Name on Drawing Colour Concrete Paviour Type II

Base: Granular Subbase
Bedding: Sand
Colour and Code: Match Stone Paving Type III
Size: 200x100x80mm
Bond: Herringbone
Supplier: As approved by the Engineer
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Name on Drawing Colour Concrete Paviour Type III
Base: Granular
Bedding: Sand
Colour: Beige
Size: 100x100x80mm
Bond: Stack Bond
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80.5 Natural Stone Paving Paving
Name on Drawing Stone Paving Type I
Drawing Reference 5109994-00-DR-L-0002
Stone Type Basalt
Base: Concrete
Bedding: Mortar
Colour: Light Grey
Finish: Honed/Pedestrian None slip
Size: 600x600x30mm
Bond: Stackr bond; see Drawing 5115405-L-007
Name on Drawing Stone Paving Type II

Stone Type Basalt
Base: Concrete
Bedding: Mortar
Colour: Grey
Size: 200x200x30mm
Bond: Laid in stack bond
Joints Butt Jointed
Name on Drawing Stone Paving Type III

Stone Type Basalt
Base: Concrete
Bedding: Mortar
Colour: Light Grey
Finish: Honed/ Pedestrian none slipShot blasted
Size: 400x400x50mm
Bond: Staggered
Joints Butt Jointed
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80.5.1 Repair and Cleaning
Remove and replace loose, chipped or broken pavers. Clean exposed surfaces using
materials and methods recommended by paver manufacturer. Remove and replace work that
cannot be successfully cleaned.
80.5.2 Protection of Paving

The Contractor shall include in his rates for paving and adequately protecting all surfaces to
the satisfaction of the Engineer‘s until Substantial Completion of the whole of the Works.
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L81:Granular Sub Bases to Paving
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81.1 Scope
This section covers granular sub-bases to pavings described in this specification. The
Contractor shall check the specifications and the drawings and bring any discrepancy to the
notice of the Engineer. Any such discrepancies should be highlighted during the tender
period.
81.2 Checking California Bearing Ratio

(CBR)
Assumed subgrade: refer to Highways Specification.
Assumed CBR: refer to Highways Specification.
Actual subgrade: If material appears to be different from assumed subgrade, or if there are
extensive soft spots, test subgrade CBR to BS 1377-4 or BS 1377-9. Submit results and
obtain instructions before proceeding.
81.3 Compaction of Sub Grade

Final excavation to formation level: Carry out immediately before compaction of subgrade.
Soft spots: Give notice.
Wet conditions: Do not excavate or compact when the subgrade may be damaged or
destabilised.
Through compaction:
- Use a mechanical rammer where use of a roller is not practical.
- Provide additional compaction where local excavation and backfilling has
taken place.
81.3.1 Subgrade for Vehicular Areas

General: Prepare and compact thoroughly immediately before placing sub-base.
Method: Not less than four passes of a roller weighing 8-10 tonnes or by equivalent other
means.
81.3.2 Subgrade for Vehicular Areas

Method: Not less than four passes of a roller weighing 8-10 tonnes or by equivalent other
means.
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81.3.3 Subgrade for Pedestrian Areas
Method: Roller weighing not less than 2.5 tonnes or equivalent other plant.
81.4 Geotextile Filter

Manufacturer: Contractor to provide details, all geotextiles shall be suitable for use in the
environmental conditions in the State of Bahrain.
- Product reference: ie Terram 1000.
Jointing: To manufacturer's recommendation.
Protect from:
- Exposure to light, except for five hours (maximum) during laying.
- Contaminants.
- Materials listed as potentially deleterious by geotextile manufacturer.
- Damage until fully covered by fill.
- Wind uplift, by laying not more than 15 m before covering with fill.
Preparation: Before laying, remove humps and sharp projections. Fill hollows.
Refer to Highways Specification AR519 Drainage Swales for minimum properties for
geotextile service ability.
81.5 Irrigation Sleeve

The Contractor shall refer to the specialist irrigation specification and/ or liaise with the
irrigation supplier to ensure that appropriate (ref to size, type, frequency and location)
irrigation sleeves are provided under hard surfaces ie under villa driveways, footpaths etc.
81.6 Type B Granular Material

Material: To Highways Specification for Type B as cross referenced to The State of Bahrain,
Ministry of Works & Agricultures General Specification for Road Works or approved
equivalent.
CBR (minimum): 30%
Testing: As Highways Specification, if required by the Engineer.
81.6.1 Type A Granular Material

Material: To Highways Specification for Type A as cross referenced to The State of Bahrain,
Ministry of Works & Agricultures General Specification for Road Works or approved
equivalent.
Testing: As Highways Specification, if required by the Engineer.
81.6.2 Granular Material

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Quality: Free from excessive dust, well graded, all pieces less than 75 mm in any direction,
minimum 10% fines value of 50 kN when tested in a soaked condition to BS 812-111, and in
any one layer only one of the following:
- Crushed rock (other than argillaceous rock) or quarry waste with not more
binding material than is required to help hold the stone together.
- Crushed concrete, crushed brick or tile, free from plaster, timber and metal.
- Crushed non-expansive slag.
- Gravel or hoggin with not more clay content than is required to bind the
material together, and with no large lumps of clay.
- Well-burned non-plastic colliery shale.
- Natural gravel.
- Natural sand.
Filling: Spread and level in 150 mm maximum layers. Thoroughly compact each layer.
81.7 Placing Granular Material Generally

Preparation: Remove loose soil, rubbish and standing water.
Structures, membranes and buried services: Ensure stability and avoid damage.
81.8 Laying Granular Sub-Bases for

Vehicular Areas
General: Spread and level in layers. As soon as possible thereafter compact each layer.
Standard: Specification for Road Works'.
At drainage fittings, inspection cover bases and at perimeters: Take particular care to
compact fully.
Proposals: Well in advance of starting work submit details of:
- Maximum depth of each compacted layer.
- Type of plant.
- Minimum number of passes per layer.
General: Spread and level in layers. As soon as possible thereafter compact each layer.
At drainage fittings, inspection cover bases and at perimeters: Take particular care to
compact fully.
After compaction: Immediately before overlaying, the sub-base surface must be uniformly well
closed and free from loose material, cracks, ruts or hollows.
81.9 Laying Granular Sub-Bases for

Pedestrian Areas
General: Spread and level. As soon as possible thereafter, compact with a roller weighing not
less than 2.5 tonnes or other equivalent plant.
81.10 Accuracy
Permissible deviation (maximum) from the required levels, falls and cambers:
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Table 11: Accuraccy Subgrades and Sub-bases
Roads Footways
Parking Areas Recreation Areas
Subgrade ±25 mm ±20 mm
Sub-base ±20 mm ±12 mm
81.11 Blinding
Locations: Surfaces to receive sand bed - block paving
Material: Sand, fine gravel, PFA or other approved.
Finish: Vibrate to provide a close, smooth surface.
81.12 Protection
Sub-bases: As soon as practicable, cover with subsequent layers, specified elsewhere.
Subgrades and sub-bases: Prevent damage from construction traffic, construction operations
and inclement weather.
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L89:Landscape Concrete Sub-bases
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89.1 General
All structural concrete shall be supplied by an approved ready-mix supplier; the Contractor
shall submit the mix design and the test certificate on materials e.g. cement, aggregate, and
sand for Engineer‘s approval before pouring.
The whole of the concrete work as regards to materials, mixing, placing, curing, stresses in
the structure, etc shall comply with the requirements of the Code of Practice, (or otherwise
approved by the Engineer), and BS 8110, unless specified otherwise.
The ingredients for all plastering mortars shall be adequately gauged in approved boxes and
mixed on proper watertight-boarded platform.
All plasterwork shall be executed by skilled workmen and shall be perfectly straight and
plumb.
Wherever cement is added to the mix, the whole of that mix or batch is to be used up within
thirty minutes, anything left over after that period is to be thrown away.
89.2 Cement
The cement used shall be of approved manufacture. Portland cement shall comply with SS
26: 1970 or BS 12 Part 2: 1978. Manufacturer‘s certificates of test will generally be accepted
as proof of soundness but the Engineer may require additional tests to be carried out on any
cement which appears to have deteriorated through age, improper storage or other reasons.
The cement shall be transported to the site in covered vehicles adequately protected against
water, and be stored in weatherproof storeroom on boarded platform raised not less than
300mm above natural ground level.
Plain concrete shall be fit for purpose and submitted for approval prior to laying
Reinforced concrete shall be fit for purpose and submitted for approval prior to laying
89.3 Aggregate
The aggregate work shall consist of clean, well-graded naturally occurring sands, gravel or
stones, crushed or uncrushed and shall comply with SS 31: 1971 or BS 882, 1201: 1973,
―Concrete Aggregate from Natural ―Sources‖.
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89.4 Water
Mixing water shall be clean and free from acids, vegetable matter, etc. and shall be from a
source approved by the Engineer. Water shall comply with the requirement of the latest
edition of BS 3148.
89.5 Admixtures
Admixtures shall not be used without the written approval of the Engineer. The Contractor
shall demonstrate to the Engineer by test or otherwise, the suitability of any admixture which
he proposes to use.
Admixtures used shall generally comply with BS 1014: 1775 and BS 5075
89.6 Reinforcement
All Structural Steelwork shall conform to CPG General Section 10: Structural Steelwork.
Hot rolled mild steel and high yield steel reinforcement must be obtained from approved
manufacturers and shall comply with SS 2 or BS 4449: 1978 in regard to strength and
elasticity.
Cold worked steel bars shall comply with BS 4461: 1978. Reinforcement shall comply with SS
32: 1971 or 4483: 1969.
High tensile steel fabric when used shall comply with BS 4483:1969.
All reinforcement shall be hammered free from scale, scraped and wire-brushed free from all
loose rust, adhering earth, paints oil, grease or any other material that may impair the bond
between the concrete and the reinforcement or that may cause corrosion of the reinforcement
or disintegration of the concrete.
89.7 Formwork
The formwork in every respect shall be adapted to the structure and the required finish of the
works, and shall be made of sound, well seasoned timber or other approved material which
will ensure complete rigidity throughout the placing, ramming, vibrating and setting of
concrete.
The formwork shall be so arranged as to permit easing and removal of forms without jarring
the concrete.
Formwork shall be removed without such shock or vibration as would damage the concrete.
The minimum striking times shall be as listed in the Table below. The times are given in days,
where a day is to be of 24 hours duration.

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No formwork or support shall be struck or moved without the Engineer consent and shall be
done only with the approval of the Engineer.
89.8 Sand
The sand shall be as described in Main Contract specifications but that for plasterer is to be
fine and of as light a colour as possible.
89.9 Samples
The Contractor shall prepare sample squares of plastering and paving as directed until the
quality, texture and finish required is obtained and approved by the Engineer, after which all
plastering and paving executed shall conform to the respective approved samples.
89.10 Surfaces
All surfaces to be paved or plastered must be brushed clean and well wetted before each coat
is applied. All Portland cement plaster shall be kept continually damp in the interval between
application of coats and for seven days after application of the final cost.
89.11 Surface Preparation

The Contractor must satisfy himself on the suitability of all surfaces and that the correct
requirements are obtained prior to laying any covering.
The Contractor shall report in writing to the Engineer any condition which in his opinion will
affect the satisfactory execution of his work or endanger its permanency as it will be
considered that upon laying the first area of screed or paving the surface has been accepted
without reservation and no subsequent claim as to suitability or otherwise of the base and
finishes will be considered.
Paving or finishes shall not be applied on any work which may be unfinished, imperfect, and
wrong or in any other improper condition to receive paving.
The surface of concrete to receive screeds shall be thoroughly roughened by picking or other
means and cleaned of all dust and debris. Immediately before laying screeds or other wet
finishes, the surface shall be well dampened and slurry of neat cement and water brushed on.
The new paving shall be applied while the slurry is still wet.

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89.12 Curing
The Contractor is to protect all paving surfaces from drying out for a minimum period of seven
days by one of the following methods:-
Method A
Provide a waterproof sheet membrane such as waterproof building paper or polythene sheet
lapped 75mm at joints and sealed with 50mm wide pressure sensitive tape.
Method B
Chemically cure with an approved curing agent sprayed over the entire surface in accordance
with the manufacturer‘s written instructions. Ensure that the curing agent is not injurious to
bonding of subsequent finishes such as granite slab etc.
Method C
Keep the surface continually moist by any other approved method.
89.13 Levels
Unless otherwise specified or indicated levels shown on Landscape Works Construction
Drawings are finished floor levels.
Floor shall be finished truly plane either level or to falls or cross falls as indicated.
All finished surfaces shall be finished to a true and even surface over whole areas to within
plus or minus 3mm when tested with a 3000mm long straight edge, and the rate of departure
shall not be greater than 1.5mm for each 500m in distance from any point of contact along the
straight edge.
Floors and pavement laid to falls shall fall not less than 25mm in 1000mm and shall be free
from all irregularities and depressions so that water drains off the floor and pavement leaving
no water ponding. Should it at any time prove impossible to achieve the specified falls or
cross falls within the thickness of the slab, screed or finish indicated, the Contractor shall
inform the Engineer and await his instructions before proceeding.
The total thickness of the floor and pavement finish including any screed or bed shall be such
as to bring the finished floor and pavement to the levels indicated.
Adjoining finishes including those to falls shall finish at the same level as applicable.
89.14 Mixing
The ingredients for all screeds or paving mixes shall be accurately gauged in approved boxes
and mixed on proper watertight boarded platforms. Mixes shall be used up within one hour of
the final contact of the cement with water.
All mixes remaining after this period must be discarded and must not be re-tempered for use.

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89.15 Screeding
Screeds for floor and walls shall be of cement and sand (1:3), the thicknesses and surfaces
textures to suit the paving or tiling they are to receive. Water used in the mix shall be kept at a
minimum.
Screeds shall be covered to avoid too rapid drying out. Screeds shall be laid alternatively in
bays not exceeding 11.150 metre square with joints over any construction joints in base
concrete, over cleaned concrete and over a grout of neat cement if the surface has hardened.
Screeds laid shall be protected from water or other damage until the laying of the floor finish
begins. No floor finish shall be laid unless a reliable moisture test shows that the screed is
sufficiently dry to receive the covering. Defective screeding shall be made good at the
Contractor‘s expense.
89.16 External Plaster

External plaster shall be two coats, except that the thickness of external plaster to walls and
columns shall be 19mm/20mm. This shall be applied in two coats, the first coat shall be
13mm thick and the second coat shall be 6mm/7mm thick.
External plaster for ceilings and beams to be 13mm thick in two coats work; the first coat
7mm thick and second coat 6mm thick.
89.17 In Situ Concrete Mixes, Casting and

Curing
89.17.1 General
Refer to the Structural Works Specification Document.

For clarity extracts from the Concrete Works Specification have been repeated in this section.
The Contractor however should refer back to the main specification. Any discrepancies must
be notified to the Engineer.
The properties of the grades of concrete to be used in the Works are set out in the table
below.
The grades of concrete to be used in the various parts of the Works shall be as shown on the
Drawings. All blinding concrete shall be Grade 20 / 20 unless shown otherwise on the
drawings.
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size mm, Max
Ash % Target
Binder kg/m3
Ic Production
Halide kg/m3
Aggregate %
Additions %
Pore Space
Free Water
Aggregate
Concrete,
Concrete,
W/C Max
Concrete
l/m3 Max
Min/Max
Coarse
% Max
Ic Trial
Grade
Qmax
Vmax
Max
Max
Min.
40A 20 400 30 0.37 1.0 45
40F 20 400 30 0.37 1.0 45
SF 5/7
or
40CF 20 400 30 0.37 0.7 50 125 4 5 8
SFA
5/10
SF 5/7
or
50CF 20 400 30 0.37 0.7 50 125 4 5. 8
SFA
5/10
SF 5/7
or
40CF-10 10 400 30 0.37 0.7 50 125 4. 5 8
SFA
5/10
40 (UW) 20 400 30 0.37 1.0 45
Blinding 20 250
C35(O) 330 0.45
Table 12 - Properties of the Grades of concrete in the Various Parts of the Works.
89.17.2 Concrete Mixes

The concrete grades in use in the landscape works are: For Clarity refer to the structural
engineer
40A: Reinforced Concrete;
40UW: Under water concrete reinforced;
C35 O: reinforced concrete utilising Ordinary Portland Cement which is not in contact with
ground or in the splash zones; and
C20/45: Kerb/ edging haunching/ bedding
89.17.3 Construction Joints

Construction joints, including stop ends and crack inducing joints, shall meet the following
requirements:
 Construction joints shall be at right angles to the member, and shall have neat, clean
lines. Formed joints shall be plain, unless a key or surface rebate is specifically detailed
on the Drawings, or called for, by the Engineer;
 Where kickers are required, they shall be placed integrally with the floor slab - this may
necessitate a special design for the formwork. Kickers shall have a height of not less
than 70 mm, and not more than 170 mm above the floor slab, or above any splay;
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 Joints in columns shall only be formed about 15 mm above the soffits of suspended
floors, at floor levels, or at the top of kickers. There may be a joint between haunches, or
column capitals and the column; and
 Horizontal joints in walls shall only be formed at the top of kickers.
89.17.4 Location of Construction Joints:

 The location of construction joints not shown on the drawings shall be subject to the
Engineer‘s approval. The Contractor‘s proposals shall be based on the following
guidelines:
 The number of construction joints should be kept as few as possible, consistent with
reasonable precautions against the effects of shrinkage. Their location shall take due
account of shear and other stresses. Joint lines shall be arranged so that they coincide
with features of the finished work, and meet the requirements of any added finishes,
screeds, etc.
 Vertical joints in walls generally should not be spaced at intervals greater than 10 m, and
in no case shall be more than 12 m. Where, however, a wall changes direction by at
least 60, the overall spacing of joints may be increased to 20 m, subject to the length of
pour in either leg of the wall being no more than 10 m. Where possible, joints should be
positioned at least 2 m away from corners.
 Joints in beams and slabs shall be between the quarter and third points of the span,
unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. It is preferable that no joints are formed in
end bays.
 Joints in slabs on ground should be aligned with column, or grid lines whenever
practicable and diamond-shaped or circular separations shall be provided around
columns.
89.17.5 Workmanship
 Work at construction joints shall be in accordance with BS 8110, Part 1. The
recommendations for joints to transfer tensile or shear stresses shall be followed.
Roughening of the joint surface shall be carried out sufficiently, to remove the outer
mortar skin.
 Kickers shall be of the same mix of concrete as the main member. The concrete shall be
vibrated, or rammed into place, and prepared, as for other joints.
 Crack inducers in slabs on ground shall be fixed where shown on drawings, and used in
accordance with the manufacturer‘s recommendations.
89.17.6 Movement Joints:

 Movement joints shall be constructed in accordance with BS 8007, and to the details
shown in the Contract.
 Movement joints are designed to permit relative movement of adjacent parts of a
member, or structure, without impairing its structural integrity. The joints shall be formed
in locations, and to the details shown on the drawings.
89.17.7 Blinding Layer:

 Where walls or floors are founded on the ground, a screeded layer of plain site concrete,
not less than 75 mm thick should be placed over the ground, unless advised otherwise
by the Engineer. When placing on ground, other than rock, the blinding layer should be
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laid immediately after completion of excavation and preparation of the excavated
surface.
 In normal circumstances, this site concrete may have proportions weaker than that used
in the remainder of the structure, but not weaker than Grade C20.
89.17.8 Concrete Repair Works:

 Areas of the existing concrete structures, in need of surface repair will be identified and
marked out by the Engineer.
 Poor concrete shall be cut to a regular shape, with clean cut edges, minimum 20mm
deep, and perpendicular to the concrete surface.
 Repairs and preparation at substrate shall be carried out with proprietary materials, as
proposed by the Contractor, for the Engineer‘s approval.
89.17.9 Re-enforcement to In-Situ

Concrete
Refer to Structural Works Specification Document.
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L90:Paving and Edging
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90.1 Scope
This section covers the requirements for materials and workmanship for the installation of
edgings and paving surfaces. Paving includes pedestrian and some vehicular surfaces.
90.2 General
90.3 Related British Standards and Other
References
Latest editions of all relevant British Standards shall be used including those inter alia listed
below with current amendments and additions.
Any differences between their requirements and this specification shall be submitted to the
Engineer for his ruling.
BS7533 - Part 1: 2001 Guide for the structural design of heavy duty pavements constructed
of clay pavers or precast concrete paving blocks.
BS7533 - Part 2: 2001 Guide for the structural design of lightly trafficked pavements
constructed of clay pavers or precast concrete paving blocks.
BS7533 - Part 3: 2005-11-24 Code of practice for laying precast concrete paving
blocks and clay pavers for flexible pavements.
BS7533 - Part 4: Code of practice for the construction of pavements of precast concrete flags
or natural stone slabs.
BS7533 - Part 6: Code of practice for laying natural stone, precast concrete and clay kerb
units.
BS7533 - Part 8: 2003 Pavements constructed with clay, natural stone or concrete pavers.
Guide for the structural design of lightly trafficked pavements of precast concrete flags and
natural stone flags.
BS7263 - Part 1: 2001 Precast concrete flags, kerbs, channels, edgings and quadrants.
Precast, unreinforced concrete paving flags and complementary fittings. Requirements and
test methods
BS EN1338: 2003 Concrete paving blocks. Requirements and test methods.
90.4 Definitions
For the purposes of this Specification the definitions given in the British Standards, as
appropriate, shall apply.
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90.5 Levels, Reference Points and Setting
Out
The works are to be set out from primary datum levels and setting out points indicated on the
drawings and schedules or from information provided by the Engineer.
The Contractor shall submit his proposals, for setting out and controlling the alignment of the
Works, to the Engineer and obtain his approval prior to the start of construction. The
Contractor shall supply to the Engineer details of the value and location of all temporary
benchmarks and reference points he establishes.
Should the Contractor dispute the original ground levels shown on the Drawings he shall
agree these with the Engineer before disturbing the original ground.
90.6 Related Work

Carefully examine all of the Contract Documents for requirements which affect the work of
this section.
Where materials used in this section (e.g. concrete and reinforcement) have been specified
elsewhere in this document, the relevant clauses shall apply to this section.
Materials that have not been individually specified shall be of first class quality and the
minimum standard acceptable shall be the relevant British Standard where applicable.
90.7 Quality Assurance

Mock-ups: Before beginning primary work of this section, provide mock-ups of representative
installation at locations acceptable to Engineer and obtain Engineer's acceptance of visual
qualities. Protect and maintain acceptable mock-ups throughout the work of this section to
serve as criteria for acceptance of this work. Acceptable mock-ups may be incorporated into
finished work.
90.8 Submittals
Product Data: Submit manufacturer's product data, installation instructions, use limitations
and recommendations. Provide certifications stating that materials comply with requirements.
Verification Samples: Submit representative samples of each element that is to be used in the
finished work, showing the full range of colour and finish variations expected. Provide at least
3m x 3m sample areas to locations agreed with the engineer for comment.
90.9 Delivery, Storage and Handling

Deliver, store and handle all materials in strict compliance with manufacturer's instructions
and recommendations. Store above ground and protect from damage and soiling.
90.10 Project Conditions

Weather: Perform work only when existing and forecasted weather conditions are within the
limits established by International Masonry All-Weather Council Guide Specification and the
mortar admixture manufacturer.
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90.11 Substrates
Proceed with work only when substrate construction and work is complete.
90.12 Extra Material

Provide wrapped, packaged and labelled extra material consisting of three (3) pieces of each
type, size and configuration of stone used on the project. Deliver to the location designated
by the Engineer.
90.13 Materials
90.14 General
Where materials used in this section (e.g. concrete and reinforcement) have been specified
elsewhere the relevant clauses shall apply to this section. Materials that have not been
individually specified shall be of first class quality and the minimum standard acceptable shall
be the relevant British Standard where applicable.
Precast concrete paving blocks are manufactured from Portland Cement concrete in three
thicknesses, 60mm (generally pedestrian use) and 80mm (generally vehicular use and
comply with BS6717: Part 1. The thickness to be used depends on level of traffic and
location. The average compressive strength of the block on delivery when sampled and
2
tested in the manner described below, shall not be less than 49N/mm in wet conditions. No
2
individual block strength shall fall below 40N/mm conditions.
90.15 Materials
Cement: The cement used in the manufacture of precast concrete paving blocks shall
comply with the requirements of either BS12, 4027 or BS 146. The cement
content of compacted concrete shall not be less than 400 kg/cum.
Aggregates: The aggregate shall consist of naturally occurring crushed or with BS 882.
The salt contents shall not exceed the following limits:
Acid soluble Chlorides : 0.06% by wt of Fine
Aggregates
0.02% by wt of Coarse
Aggregates
Acid Soluble Sulphates : 0.3% by wt of Fine and
Coarse Aggregates
Water: The water shall be clean and free from any deleterious matter having pH
value in the basic range (7.9). The inorganic impurities shall not exceed the
following limits:
Total dissolved solids 2000 mg/litre
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Chlorides 600 mg/litre
Sulphates 500 mg/litre
Alkali Carbonates &
Bicarbonates 1000 mg/litre
Pigments: Any pigments used shall comply with BS 1014.
90.16 Dimensions and Tolerances

Refer to the Materials Schedule for specific sizes of blocks for each type of use.
Typical range of size units (chamfered):
Table 13: Concrete Block Unit Sizes
Unit Size mm
Material
LxWxH
Vehicular
Concrete Block 300 x 300 x 80
Concrete Block 100x200x80
Concrete Block 100x100x80
Standard rectangular blocks shall be manufactured with a nominal length of 100mm and a
nominal width of 100mm. Alternative sizes and shapes shall have a ratio of length to width on
plan of not less than 1½ or greater than 2 ½; the width shall not be less than 80mm or greater
than 115mm.
All arises shall be clean, plane and of uniform dimension. Wearing surface areas shall not be
less than 70% of the plan area.
Tolerances: Length& Width +/- 2mm
Thickness + +/- 3mm
Correction factors for chamfers and thickness shall be:
Correction Factors
Block Thickness mm Chamfered Block
60 1.06
80 1.18
90.17 Sampling Blocks

Two blocks shall be drawn from each group of 1000 blocks for sampling 10 blocks every
designated 5000 block section or part thereof in a consignment. All samples shall be clearly
marked at the time of sampling in such a way that the designated section or part thereof and
the consignment represented by the sample, are clearly defined.
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90.18 Test for Compressive Strength
The sample specimens shall be tested in a wet condition after being stored for at least 24
hours in water maintained at a temperature of 27 degrees Celsius +3 degrees Celsius.
Before the specimens are submerged in water, the necessary area shall be determined as
follows:
(i) Where possible the plan area or the wearing surface area shall be calculated by
multiplying the length by the width.
(ii) Alternatively the plan area or the wearing area shall be calculated by cutting out shapes
of cardboard and weighing it to the nearest 0.01g.
As = 20000 ms
M
Where As = Area of block (sq mm)
ms = Mass of cardboard shape matching test
block (g); the block shall be placed wearing
surface uppermost on the cardboard.
m = Mass of 200 x 100mm cardboard
rectangle (g) cut from the same cardboard.
In case of chamfer or radius, the width of chamfer or radius shall be measured and marked on
the cardboard shape. This shape shall then be cut out accurately and weighed for calculation
of the wearing surface area. Plywood, nominally 4mm thick, shall be used as packing
between the upper and lower faces of the specimen and the machine platens, and these
boards shall be larger than the specimen by a margin of at least 5mm at all points. Fresh
packing shall be used for each specimen tested.
The load shall be applied without shock and increased continuously at a rate of approximately
15 N/sq mm per minute until no greater load can be sustained. The maximum load applied to
the specimen shall be recorded. The strength shall be expressed to the nearest 0.1 N/sq
mm.
90.19 Test for Water Absorption

Blocks shall be tested for water absorption in accordance with BS 1881. Blocks shall be
deemed acceptable provided that the maximum absorption does not exceed:
(iii) 2% after 10 mins
(iv) 5% after 24 hours
Certificate of Compliance
This certificate is to be provided by the manufacturer at the time of sale as per item no. 12 of
BS 6073 where the independent laboratory mentioned therein shall be the Dubai Municipality
Construction Quality Control and Research Section.
90.20 Paving Patterns

Refer to Materials Schedule for summary of patterns to be used in landscaped areas.
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Range of patterns to be used:
90.21 Colours
Blocks are required in a variety of colours, see colour range supplied by Consent Blocks.
Colour and finish to be consistent throughout the works – see previous clause on Sampling
Blocks.. Refer to Materials Schedule for usage. The following table summarise the colours
being used for the project:
90.22 Workmanship
90.23 Pavement Construction – Sand
Bedding
The sub grade and sub-base shall be prepared in accordance with this specification and to
the Engineers approval.
The laying course shall consist of sharp sand to BS882 with a particle size of 4 mm containing
not more than 3% silt and/or clay by weight. The sand shall be obtained from a single source,
allowed to drain before use, and shall be covered with suitable sheeting to minimise moisture
changes. Permissible sulphate and chloride contents shall not exceed 0.4% and 0.06%
respectively (expressed only as SO3 and C1 by weight).
The laying course shall be laid to compacted thickness of 30mm unless otherwise specified
plus a surcharge necessary to provide the specified final bed thickness after vibration of the
block paving. During laying the sand shall be carefully screeded to a smooth surface to
receive the paving blocks. No compaction of the sand layer and no traffic including
pedestrian is to be permitted before the blocks are laid.
The profile of the laying course shall be similar to that of the finished surface. The maximum
deviation from the design levels shall be + 10mm. The edge restraints to the paved area shall
be laid in advance of the laying course and all obstacles within the area, such as manhole
covers, shall be constructed to the correct finished levels.
The paving blocks/slabs shall be laid on the sand laying course in such a manner as not to
disturb the blocks already laid. Each block/slab shall be placed firmly against its neighbour so
that they fit closely together.
The joints between blocks/slabs shall not exceed 6mm.
Where blocks/slabs do not fit at the edge, restraints or other obstructions such as manholes
or upstands the gaps shall be filled using cut blocks/slabs. Blocks/slabs shall only be cut
using a saw - no guillotine cutters shall be allowed on this site. Any damaged or broken
blocks/slabs shall not be laid. Any blocks/slabs damaged during compaction shall be
replaced at the discretion of the Engineer.
Due allowance shall be made in the final levels of the base for the compaction of the laying
course above, which occurs when paving blocks are being vibrated. The amount of
surcharge required for the laying course shall be determined by site trials prior to the
commencement of the actual surfacing and shall be repeated when the source of sand supply
or a change of weather conditions occurs.
90.24 Compaction – Concrete Blocks
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 After each 20 sq m or such area that has been agreed with the Engineer, has been
laid the blocks shall be compacted to the required levels using a plate vibrator.
 The plate vibrator shall have a plate area of 0.20 to 0.35 sq.m. and have a
compaction force of 12-24 kN and a frequency of approximately 75-100Hz.
 A minimum of two passes of the plate vibrator shall be made in each direction, i.e. at
90 degrees to each other. Vibration shall continue until no further compaction of the
sand layer is apparent. Fine dry sand with particle size of 0.3 mm shall then be
brushed over the paving, and further passes of the plate vibrator made in each
direction, until the sand is no longer absorbed into the joints.
 The plate vibrator shall not pass closer than 1m to a temporarily unrestrained edge
during laying.
 No paving shall be left uncompacted overnight except for the one metre strip at the
temporarily uncompacted edge, which shall be covered and protected from rain.
90.25 Accuracy
On completion, the finished surface level shall be within 5mm of the design level and the
maximum deviation within the compacted surface, measured by a 3m straight edge, shall not
exceed 5mm. The level of any two adjacent blocks/slabs shall not differ by more than 2mm.
Any areas of paving which do not comply with these tolerances shall be removed, and sand
laying course lifted and relaid and the paving blocks/slabs relaid to the correct levels.
Dimensional accuracy, uniformity of joint gaps, alignment and squareness shall be checked
after paving the first three rows of blocks/slabs and thereafter at regular intervals. If joints
begin to open the blocks/slabs shall be knocked together using a hide mallet.
90.26 Protection of Paving

All paving shall be protected from trafficking and saturation until all materials are fully cured.
90.27 Pavement Construction – Mortar

Bedding
90.28 Examination
Examine surfaces to receive stone specified under this section, and conditions under which
stone will be installed, with installer present, for compliance with requirements for installation
tolerances and other conditions affecting performance of stone work. Do not proceed with
installation until unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected. The stone installer shall be
fully responsible for accepting the condition of such surfaces prior to initiation of work.
Ensure that surfaces to receive stone are firm, dry, clean, and free of oily or greasy films,
mortar, soil, and other foreign substances.
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90.29 Installations
Strictly comply with suppliers and manufacturer's instructions and recommendations, except
where more restrictive requirements are specified in this section.
Clean sub-base to remove dirt, dust, debris and loose particles.
Do not use damaged, chipped or defective paving units. Where blocks/slabs do not fit at the
edge, restraints or other obstructions such as manholes or upstands the gaps shall be filled
using cut blocks/slabs. Pavers shall only be cut using a saw - no guillotine cutters shall be
allowed on this site. Any damaged or broken blocks/slabs shall not be laid. Any blocks/slabs
damaged during compaction shall be replaced at the discretion of the Engineer. Use full,
uncut units to the greatest extent possible. Beginning work means Installer accepts substrates
and conditions.
Install pavers in full mortar bed and dowel to substrate conforming to the requirements below.
(v) Prepare setting bed over subslab - Portland Cement Concrete Paving.
(vi) Mix and prepare mortar in compliance with mortar/ grout manufacturer's instructions and
recommendations. Compact setting bed and screed to proper depth so that tops of
paving will be level with grades and as indicated on the drawings.
(vii) Saturate concrete sub-base with clean water several hours before placing setting bed.
Remove surface water about one hour before placing setting bed.
(viii) Spread and screed setting bed to a uniform thickness at sub-grade elevations
required for accurate setting of stone paving to finish grades indicated. Mix and place
only that amount that can be covered with stone prior to initial set. Cut back, level edge,
and remove and discard mortar that has reached initial set prior to placing stone.
(ix) Wet stones thoroughly before setting. Set paving in patterns approved by Engineer. Lay
pavers symmetrically about centrelines. Provide no larger than 3mm grout joints between
pavers unless indicated in drawing. Set stones before initial set of mortar bed occurs. Do
not set stone on dry bed. Apply uniform 1.6mm thick slurry bond coat to bed or back of
stone with a flat trowel just prior to placing stones on green or wet setting bed.
(x) Pound pavers into place with heavy rubber mallet to obtain full contact and adhesion with
setting bed. Do not disturb pavers after setting. Remove and relay pavers that must be
adjusted.
(xi) Tolerances:
- Maintain an allowable installed tolerance of +3 mm in 3
No ponding of water will be permitted.
- Stone edge to edge alignment: + 0.8mm at any location.
- Face width of joints: + 0.6 mm at any location.
(xii) Mix, install and cure grout in strict compliance with mortar/grout admixture
manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. Colouring agent to be added to the
grout to the approval of the Engineer.
(xiii) Expansion and Control Joints: Provide 9.5mm wide sealant filled joints in compliance
with relevant Specification section. Provide sealant filled expansion joints over all cracks
and joints in concrete sub-slabs, over all changes in backing materials, where stone
abuts a restraining surface such as walls, columns, planters, and dissimilar walking
surfaces, all to Engineers approval. Expansion joint sealant to Engineer‘s approval.
(xiv) Grout joints as soon as possible after initial set of setting bed. Force grout into joints,
taking care not to smear grout on adjoining exposed stone surfaces. After grout initially
sets, tool joints slightly concave. Cure grout by maintaining in damp condition for 7 days
except as otherwise indicated by latex additive manufacturer. Pointing shall be flush
unless otherwise specified.
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BDF Cardiac Centre
Prohibit traffic on paving and steps during setting or within 24 hours after initial grouting of
joints.
90.30 Edging – Mortar Bedding

90.31 Laying
Laying generally:
Cutting: Neat, accurate and without spalling. Form neat junctions.
Bedding: Position true to line and level along top and front faces, in a
mortar bed on accurately cast foundations.
Securing: After bedding has set, secure with a continuous
haunching of concrete.
Adverse weather:
Conditions: Adequately protect foundations, bedding and haunching
against rapid drying by sun and wind.
Concrete for Foundations and Haunching:
Standard: To BS 5328.
Designated mix: Not less than the following:
- C20P
Workability: Very low.
Mortar Bedding:
General: To section 7.
Mix: (Portland cement: sand): 1:3.
Portland cement: Class 42.5 to BS 12.
Sand: Grade M or F to BS 882.
Bed thickness: 10-40 mm.
90.32 Radius Kerbs / Channels

Use: For both internal and external 90° changes of direction.
Cutting of mitres: Not permitted.
90.33 Accuracy
Deviations (maximum):
Level: ± 6 mm.
Horizontal and vertical alignment: 3 mm in 3 m.
90.34 Narrow Mortar Joints

Jointing: As laying proceeds, butter ends of units with bedding mortar. Completely fill joints.
Tightly butt. Clean off surplus mortar immediately.
112
BDF Cardiac Centre
Joint width: 3 mm.
90.35 Repair and Cleaning

Remove and replace loose, chipped or broken pavers. Clean exposed surfaces using
materials and methods recommended by paver manufacturer. Remove and replace work that
cannot be successfully cleaned.
90.36 Sealant
Paving surface to be treated with two coats of premium, no-sheen, natural look, water based
penetrating sealer/ impregnator, applied in accordance with the manufacturers printed
instructions. Refer to Appendix A Materials Schedule and drawings for location of use.
Sealant to be:
Aquamix Sealers Choice 15: as supplied by Mitras (tel. Dubai 00971 43523001,
fax Dubai 00971 4 3525364).
Or equal and approved.
90.37 Protection of Paving

The Contractor shall include in his rates for paving and adequately protecting all surfaces to
the satisfaction of the Engineer until Substantial Completion of the whole of the Works.
END
113
BDF Cardiac Centre
Sheet Left Intentionally Blank
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BDF Cardiac Centre

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BAHRAIN DEFENCE FORCE

JOB NUMBER: 5109994 DOCUMENT REF: 5109994-00-SP-L-0001

Revision Purpose Description Originated Checked Reviewed Authorised Date

0 For client review JC GG GG MAY 13

| L10:Plant Soil Material 11

10.2 Samples Testing

10.3 Placement of Soil

Table 1 – Chemical Characteristics

Item General Standard Typical Washed Marine

pH 6.0 - 7.5 6.5 - 8.5

Electrical ≤ 2500 mmhos in ≤ 2500 mmhos in

Chlorides ≤ 220 ppm in saturated ≤ 220 ppm in saturated

Sulphates ≤ 15 ppm in saturated

Nitrates ≤ 75 ppm in saturated ≤ 75 ppm in saturated

Potassium 100-400 ppm in 1.5 100-400 ppm in 1.5

Boron ≤ 1.0 ppm, hot water ≤ 1.0 ppm, hot water

Sodium (Na) ≤ 250ppm

Calcium ≤ 2000 ppm

Magnesium ≤ 100 ppm ≤ 100 ppm

Table 2 – Physical Characteristics

BS Sieve General Standard Typical Washed Marine

Mediu 10mm 100% 100%

Fine 2mm 80-90% 65-100%

Coarse 1mm 70-90% 25-80%

Mediu 0.2mm 40-60% 5-48%

Fine 0.1mm 5-15% 0-15%

Silt 0.06- 3-3% 0%

Clay < Max 0-5% 0%

10.5.2 Controlled Release Compound

10.5.3 Slow Release Fertilizer

10.5.5 Nitrogen Fertilizer

10.5.8 Water Saving Soil Additive

10.7.1 Recycled Organic Compost

10.7.2 Dried and Treated and Sterilised Cow

General Typical Typical

pH 6.5-7.0 5.5-7.5 5-6.5

Electrical Conductivity ≤ 1000 mmhos ≤ 1500 mmhos ≤ 1000 mmhos

Total Nitrogen (N) 0.7 – 2.0% 0.7 – 2.0% 0.7 – 2.0%

Water Soluable Nitrate 85mg/l

Total Phosphorous (P) 0.2-0.6% 0.3-0.6% 0.2%

Water Soluable 50 ppm

Total Potassium (K) 0.8-1.0% 0.8-1.0%

Water Soluable 600 ppm

CEC meq/(100gms) 80-120 80-120

Calcium (Ca) 500 ppm

Magnesium (Mg) 25-100 ppm 100 ppm

Sodium adsorption rate ≤ 3.0 ≤ 3.0 ≤ 2.0

Boron (in saturation ≤ 2.0 ≤ 2.0 ≤ 0.5 ppm

Iron (Fe) ppm 1-200 ppm

Carbon: Nitrogen Ratio 18:1 26:1

Material passing 10mm 100%

Material passing 90-100%

Material passing 50-60%

Material passing 0-20%

Bulk Density Approx. Approx 300-400kg/m3

10.9 Planting Medium Mixes

10.9.2 General Planting Fill

10.9.3 Planting Backfill Mix

10.9.4 Planting Mix ‘C’

10.10 Water Saving Material

11.3 Excavation for Formation Levels and

11.4 Fine Grading and Shaping