Mathematical modelling of fluid flow in canals, spillways & Rivers.

A software engineer, a real estate agent, a farmer, a writer or an industrialist, doctor almost every
profession demands some knowledge of mathematics.

Irrigation water management

and River modelling. It has significant economic
implications in developing countries like India

Why we chosen Scientific policies of operation

Mathematical of irrigation reservoir systems
To use precious
modelling of fluid flow need to be developed with the
water
effectively in canals, spillways & aid of mathematical tools and
Rivers implemented in
practice

Water is life and its shortage affects

the economy of the country.
 In this paper, a brief overview of some mathematical tools for canal
1. irrigation system operation,
2. river modelling,
3. flow through spillway.

Irrigation in India includes a network of

Agriculture is the
nerve of any country
as it is needed for
survival of living
beings. For growing
crops, irrigation is
major process.
major and minor canals from Indian
rivers, groundwater well based
systems, tanks, and other rainwater
harvesting projects for agricultural
1.Why maths activities.
in irrigation

So, we are doing –

Canal basic design: - How to determine size of the canal and how
much water is required for agricultural lands.
WE ARE MODELLING
THIS CANAL.
Canal basic design: - How to determine size of the canal and how much water is required for
agricultural lands?

If we effectively calculate how much water can be provide to agricultural fields. Only that much
of water can be given to fields without wastage.
Step 1: - Determination of the surface area of a farm.
Length of the field = 50 m and Width of the field = 30 m
AREA = length x width = 50 m x 30 m = 1500 m2
We know that ONE hectare = 10,000 m2.
So, field area- 1500 m2 to hectares will be 0.15 ha
Step 2: - Introduction to volume- Volume of water required to the field
Volume of water (V) = Surface area of the field (A) x Water Depth (d)
Surface of the field = 100m x 100 m = 10,000m2
Volume of water required for field is = 10,000m2 x 0.001 m = 10 m3
Step 3: - Introduction to flow-rate- flow in canal.( learnt terminology of flow rate)
Discharge is calculated by
Q = A x V m3/sec
 Step 4: - Canal design.- Taking canal as trapezoidal and If a field requires 10 m3 of water, we have to draw 10 m3
from the main canal along the sub canal, so fluid flow along canal is to be calculated for
selecting suitable size.

Artificial Intelligence(AI) refers to the application of
computers to perform tasks that normally require human
intelligence. The irrigation space, like agriculture as a
whole, is fertile ground for the application of AI to solve
real world problems.
Machine learning and AI are built on mathematical
principles like Calculus, Linear Algebra, Probability,
Statistics. (which we study in higher classes)
AI could potentially be applied to benefit irrigation.
Irrigation mainly requires data like soil moisture data,
different crops, soils,
environmental conditions and fluid flow in canals. Etc.,
When AI tied to an irrigation control system, this
information can automatically implement control
that help minimize.
water usage,
manage nutrient losses,
achieve more desirable or uniform soil moisture
throughout the field.
The canal control algorithms are to manage the
distribution and conveyance of water in a canal
system without human
intervention. (the canal that we designed manually
can be operated by using AI)