1.1 Background of The Study: Technical Vocational Livelihood - Information Communication Technology

IS SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
Technical Vocational Livelihood – Information Communication Technology
Chapter I
The Problem and its Background
1.1 Background of the study
Smoking nowadays is very common that’s why some places are

banned for smoking especially public ones like government buildings, schools,
colleges and universities, offices, workplaces, restaurants, other food
establishments, hotels, and other accommodation facilities, - hospitals, health
centers, clinics, nursing homes, transportation terminals, churches, shopping
centers, and other establishments that provides professional services
(en.m.wikipedia.org).
The use of cigarette product is very dangerous. The effect of this will
be experience not now but in the future. That’s why we want our school to be
smoke free. It sounds impossible but we might change the minds of other
student. We want to estimate the number of students that are smoking in
ISTSD. Do the parents of those students know that they are smoking? and do
they know the harmful effects of cigarette smoking?
Smoking cigarette is a serious matter, we expect that most of the
students will change their minds towards cigarette smoking.
By having a survey, polls, etc., we can know and estimate the exact
number of students that are smoking. Making it in their minds that smoking is
not good for their health and for the people around them.
Cigarette Smoking Among Students In ISTSD
1
1.2 Conceptual Framework
In this research, we expect to struggle upon getting ideas or

information in our subjects. Although we can presume that they will all
cooperate on the very least for the sake of this research. We also expect that
most of students will change their minds towards smoking cigarette. Making it
in their minds that smoking is not good for their health and for the people
around them. We also consider the fact that most of people who smokes are
not aware of the bad effects when it comes to their health. We will do the
best that we can to pursue this research. To know why they still smoke even
they knew what’s the consequences. The Fig 1 shows the variables reflected
to the 1st box. These are independent variables which point out the major
causes of students and their family, community, and peer involvement. In the
2nd box is the consequences of cigarette smoking and its effect in the
community.
Independent Variables Dependent Variable
Family Effect of cigarette

smoking
Community
Peer and Friends
Students
feedbac
k
2
1.3 Problem of the Study
We all have hobbies or our favorite thing to do. But there are some hobbies
that doesn’t give good effect in our body. Just like smoking,. It was just like
drugs that when we started using or consuming it. Your body will start to look
for it. Well that’s what smokers says. The problem is, even young men and
women tend to smoke too.. Although they know what are the effect of it
when it comes to their bodies.
1.3.1 General Problem
We seek answers from young student just like us. And also why does smokers
tend to smoke near other people who doesn’t smoke. Are they aware that if
other people who doesn’t smoke inhaled the smoke coming from the cigarette
will be affected the most? It could cause a lot of certain diseases that could
shorten your life span. So why do they smoke? What does it feels like? That is
what we want to know.
1.3.2 Specific Problem
Every student is different they have their own perspective about cigarette although
their still smoking even though they already know the harmful effect of cigarette
smoking why still do it all the problem has a root where it came from and every
problem has a solution that has to be solve changing their minds don’t start on us but
on them.
3
1.4 Objectives of the Study
To estimate the smoking prevalence among the students in ISTSD.
1.4.1 General Objectives
We want to know the exact number of the students in IDTSD that using cigarettes
And for us to understand their behavior of the students that cigarette snoking.
1.4.2 Specific Objectives
We want to change students point of view about the harmful effect of cigarette
smoking.
4
1.5 Significance of the Study
The significance of the study may be viewed under the following perspectives:
Teachers. This may benefits for the teachers not to get bother about the
smell of cigarette.
Pupils. This study may help the pupils to become smoke free and
become more understandable about the topic cigarette smoking.
Parents. This may provide insights for parents that look for the school
which has something good to offer to their child. Better curriculum gives
additional image to the school which attracts more enrolees. And not to be
scared that their child might get second hand smoke.
Future Researchers. This may serve as a basis for their future research
undertaking. Variables not included herein could be included as to deepening
the context of explaining the problem being studied.
5
1.6 Scope and Delimitation

The study focus only on the students of the ISTDD. The identities of
the respondents are highly confidential and they are not aware that they are
being used for the study.
It is delimited in determining the number of the respondents and the
smoking prevalence among students in ISTSD.
1.7 Definition of Terms
For the purpose of clarity and better understanding of the study, the
following terms are defined as they were used in the study. And not having to
worries that we might reveal their identity.
6
Chapter II
Review of Related Literature
2.1 Related Literature

The use of cigarette product is very dangerous. The effect of this will be
experience not now but in the future. That’s why we want our school to be smoke free. It
sounds impossible
According to ( Santosh Digal 2008) a recent study conducted by the Southeast

Asia Tabacco Control Alliance, 18.7% of Filipino young students between the ages of 13
and 25 smoke cigarettes. The numbers go up if the sample is restricted to teenagers
between 13 and 15: 3 out of 10 already have the smoking habit. Among female smokers,
60% say that they smoked their first cigarette at the age of 18, while the remaining 40%
say they started when they were still very young.
2.1.1 Foreign Literature

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 946 health professional students in
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS, Iran) in autumn 2008. A standard self-
administered questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic data, participant smoking
status, family and peer smoking, attitudes and beliefs about smoking, awareness of
cigarette negative effects and reasons for smoking cessation was used in the current
study.
Among the students, 18.3% reported having ever tried or experienced with
cigarette smoking. The overall prevalence of cigarette smoking was 9.8% with significant
differences in prevalence rates by gender, 17.6% among males and 4.2% among females.
Starting and continuing smoking was significantly correlated with the family cigarette
consumption habits. The most common reason to start smoking was friends (24.9%) and
the most important reason to continue smoking was personal life distress (17.6%). The
majority of participants (92.3%) reported that they were aware of the hazards of
smoking. A significant difference regarding awareness of smoking hazards was observed
between smokers and non-smokers. The most important preventive factor for cigarette
smoking was religious beliefs (69.1%).( Ehsan Taheri 2015).
2,1.2 Local Literature

According to (Marjorie retula 2013) Cigarette Smoking Among Teenagers in Baguio City:
A Cross- Sectional Study Joan cheruiyot, Marjorie Retuta, Geofrey Arasa, Sabella J.
Kiprono, Scholastica Korir, Simon Macharia Kamau Abstract Introduction: Several factors
were identified but the extent of its influence still obscure. Therefore, the purpose of
this study is to investigate the significant difference in the extent of influence of these
7
identified factors when teens are group according to gender and age group of 13 to 16
years old versus 17-19 years of age. Objective: A quantitative study was conducted to
determine the extent of influence of factors on cigarette smoking among teenagers in
City high school and St. Louis high school.
2.2 Related Study
a study of smoking habits among high school students as related to smoking habits of
their parents, and fathers' occupations revealed an increasing proportion of smokers
with decreasing social class. other aspects were studied and the authors discuss their
findings with respect to other studies and future research.
2.2.1 Foreign Study
Smoking is considered as an important risk factor contributing to global burden

of diseases specially in chronic noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular and
respiratory diseases, cancers, and stroke and is the most common preventable cause of
mortality in the world.[1,2,3] According to estimations of the World Health Organization
(WHO), mortality, which results from smoking, will decrease by 9% between 2002 and
2030 in the developed countries, while it will double in the developing countries.[4]
Similarly, another estimation of WHO in the 1990s, indicated that 3 million people die of
smoking annually; 2 million in the developed countries and 1 million in the developing
countries. It is, however, predicted that it will increase by 10 million deaths in 2020-
2030; 3 million in the developed countries and 7 million in the developing countries.
According to this report, a person dies due to smoking in every 10 seconds and this will
increase to one death in every 3 seconds in 30-40 year's time.[5]
Smoking is a behavior that generally starts in adolescence. About 80% of

smokers have smoked before the age of 18 years, however, according to an Iranian study,
this figure is 60% in Iran.[6,7]
Student period is a time when most behavioral traits are being created and
established;[8] this is a special time when students may start smoking and this socio-
cultural problem (e.g., peer pressure) threatens the health of young people.[7,8,9]
Various studies have reported the prevalence of smoking among university

students of Iran at the considerable amount of 10%.[10,11,12,13] According to Ministry
of Health, only 10.7% of people aged 15-24 (age group of most of university students)
were smokers in 1990, while it was 17.1% in 2000.[10] Hasanzade et al. (in Mashhad)
showed that 10.9% of students (15.45% males and 1.9% females) are smokers; it was
13% in the Zohoor's study (in Kerman), and 30.8% in the Teraghghijah study (in Iran).
[9,10,11] The mentioned studies show that prevalence of smoking among different
groups of the society including students is increasing and starting age of smoking is
decreasing. (Haenle MM 2006)
8
2.2.2 Local Study

The Philippines will continue to be Southeast Asia’s second largest tobacco consumers if
young Filipinos are not stopped from smoking, warns the New Vois Association of the Philippines
(NVAP).
“Over the years we have seen how tobacco companies increase their presence in
Southeast Asia as it becomes more difficult for them to market their products in high-income
regions. A big part of their strategy is to target the youth as replacement smokers for adults who
fall ill and die of this habit,” said NVAP President Emer Rojas.
According to the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), more than one in four Filipino
children aged 13-15 are smokers. Among those in this age group who smoke, 17.5 percent are
girls and 28.3 percent are boys.
This does not include children of this age group who are exposed to secondhand smoke
either at home or in public places.( Manila Times 2
9
Chapter III
Methods
3.1 Types of Research
The researchers will implement the simple descriptive design. This design used
survey questionnaires which we will distributing to the respondents in order to
attain the main objective of the study which is to estimate the number of students
that cigarette smoking in ISDST.
The design is a non-experimental correlation research. This design investigated

the relationship of the variables without manipulating them. The two main
variables the number of smokers in ISTSD and if they aware of its effect.
3.2 Respondents of the Study
Respondents: answer (respond/reply to) questionnaires - usually quantitative

research. Respondents generally answer (respond/reply to) the questions asked
by the researcher - no more, no less.( quizlet.com).
The respondents of the study are the students of ISSTSD. Those students that
smoking cigarette are the responded of this study. These participate are the one
who answer questions in quantitative studies the participant in quantitative
studies contributes more than respondents to a survey or subjects in an
experiment. The participant generally gives much more detailed answers than a
respondent would in a survey.
We were looking forward on their participation on this kind of research because

it’s not just the benefits it self but the changes might happen to them adjusting is
hard without help that’s why we researcher looking forward to work with them.
N = Total number of population

e = Marginal error (5%)
n = Number of respondents
10
Formula
N
n=
1+ N e 2
40
n=
1+ ( 60 ) (0.0025)
40
n=
1+0.2
40
n=
1.2
n = 33.33 or n = 33
3.3 Sampling Techniques
The researchers will make use the selective sampling method in the selection of
the respondents since the study was focused on a particular group (students who
smoke cigarettes). ISTSD students of school year 2018-2019 who where
involved in cigarette smoking will be our respondents of the study
3.4 Research Instrument
Research Instrument In order to answer specific sub-problems in our study, survey

questionnaires will be distributing to the respondents that willing to cooperate. Interview
to one of our respondents will also have their own signature and they can use fake name
for their identity if they wanted.
The survey questionnaires will consist of a broad range of questions aimed at estimate
the students’ involvement in cigarette smoking .
Each questionnaire will have 3 parts. The first part of the questionnaire will regard their
name or secret identity,age gender,etc. the second is to determine if their smoking and
non smoking and the third part will be for smokers to determine how they ended up in
this vice, etc.
3.5 Data Collection
11
The gathering of data for this study utilizing a our own descriptive questionnaire
because it very favoring to usand to our time and effort and it has the ability to
maintain respondent’s confidentiality.
The respondents will be given survey questionnaires to determine in which group

they belong. After gathering the data, the researchers will group the responses
according to the sub-problems of the study. An interview to one of the
respondents will also be conducted to give explanation or support to their
responses to have a second opinion.
3.6 Statistical Treatment of Data
The data have been collected will be converted to percentage and will be
presented.
Formula
x́=
∑ f (x)
N
Where:
x́ = mean
∑ f (x) = Total scores of students

N = No. of Respondents
12
To get the overall assessment of proposed system in terms of its

Functional Suitability, weighted mean was computed, and the following
conversion table was used.
Weighted Mean Descriptive Rating

4.51 – 5.00 Very Functional
3.51 - 4.50 Functional
2.51-3.50 Uncertain
1.51 – 2.50 Not Functional
1.00 – 1.50 Very Much Not Functional
In assessing the Functional Suitability of the proposed system the

following rating scales with corresponding value where used.
Rating scale Point Value
Strongly Agree 5
Agree 4
Uncertain 3
Disagree 2
Strongly Disagree 1
13

Performance Efficiency, weighted mean was computed, and the following
conversion table was used.

4.51 – 5.00 Very Effective
3.51 - 4.50 Effective
2.51-3.50 Uncertain
1.51 – 2.50 Ineffective
1.00 – 1.50 Very Ineffective
In assessing the Performance Efficiency of the proposed system the

following rating scales with corresponding value where used.
Strongly Agree 5
Agree 4
Uncertain 3
Disagree 2
Strongly Disagree 1

Compatibility, weighted mean was computed, and the following conversion table
was used.
14
4.51 – 5.00 Very Compatible

3.51 - 4.50 Compatible
2.51-3.50 Uncertain
1.51 – 2.50 Not Compatible
1.00 – 1.50 Very Much Not Compatible
In assessing the Compatibility of the proposed system the following

rating scales with corresponding value where used.
Strongly Agree 5
Agree 4
Uncertain 3
Disagree 2
Strongly Disagree 1
To get the overall assessment of proposed system in terms of its Usability,

weighted mean was computed, and the following conversion table was used.

4.51 – 5.00 Very Usable
15
3.51 - 4.50 Usable

2.51-3.50 Uncertain
1.51 – 2.50 Not Usable
1.00 – 1.50 Very Much Not Usable
In assessing the Usability of the proposed system the following rating scales with
corresponding value where used.
Strongly Agree 5
Agree 4
Uncertain 3
Disagree 2
Strongly Disagree 1

Operability, weighted mean was computed, and the following conversion table
was used.

4.51 – 5.00 Very Operational
3.51 - 4.50 Operational
2.51-3.50 Uncertain
1.51 – 2.50 Not Operational
1.00 – 1.50 Very Much Not Operational
16
In assessing the Operability of the proposed system the following rating

scales with corresponding value where used.
Strongly Agree 5
Agree 4
Uncertain 3
Disagree 2
Strongly Disagree 1

Reliability, weighted mean was computed, and the following conversion table was
used.

4.51 – 5.00 Very Reliable
3.51 - 4.50 Reliable
2.51-3.50 Uncertain
1.51 – 2.50 Not Reliable
1.00 – 1.50 Very Much Reliable
In assessing the Reliability of the proposed system the following rating

17
Strongly Agree 5
Agree 4
Uncertain 3
Disagree 2
Strongly Disagree 1
To get the overall assessment of proposed system in terms of its Security,

weighted mean was computed, and the following conversion table was used.

4.51 – 5.00 Very Secure
3.51 - 4.50 Secure
2.51-3.50 Uncertain
1.51 – 2.50 Not Secure
1.00 – 1.50 Very Much Not Secure
In assessing the Security of the proposed system the following rating scales
with corresponding value where used.
Strongly Agree 5
Agree 4
Uncertain 3
Disagree 2
18
Strongly Disagree 1

Maintainability, weighted mean was computed, and the following conversion table
was used.

4.51 – 5.00 Very Maintainable
3.51 - 4.50 Maintainable
2.51-3.50 Uncertain
1.51 – 2.50 Not Maintainable
1.00 – 1.50 Very Much Not Maintainable
In assessing the Maintainability of the proposed system the following rating

Strongly Agree 5
Agree 4
Uncertain 3
Disagree 2
19
Strongly Disagree 1

Portability, weighted mean was computed, and the following conversion table
was used.

4.51 – 5.00 Very Portable
3.51 - 4.50 Portable
2.51-3.50 Uncertain
1.51 – 2.50 Not Portable
1.00 – 1.50 Very Much Not Portable
In assessing the Portability of the proposed system the following rating

Strongly Agree 5
Agree 4
Uncertain 3
Disagree 2
Strongly Disagree 1
20
CHAPTER IV
We researcher distributed survey evaluation to the students of (ISTSD).

Through the use of questionnaires, the we resercher use the gathered survey
result as an evidence about the proposed system.
In assessing the Functional Suitability, We researcher used the rating

scale Strongly Agree, Agree, Uncertain, Disagree and Strongly Disagree. And the
pointing values for rating scale are 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1. The score in rating scales are
computed by weighted mean valued Strongly Agree (4.51-5.00), Agree (3.51-
4.50), Uncertain (2.51-3.50), Disagree (1.51-2.50) and Strongly Disagree (1.00-
1.50). And the computed weighted mean values are rated Very Functional,
Functional, Uncertain, Not Functional and Very Much Not Functional.
Table 1. Evaluation of the proposed system in terms of Functional Suitability
Weighted Descriptive
FUNCTIONAL SUITABILITY Mean Rating
Smoking can cause organ failure 4.36 Functional
.Smoking can cause poor vision 3.69 Functional
Total AWM: 4.02 Functional
The first statement under functional suitability got a weighted mean of

4.36 with the descriptive rating of “ Functional” then the second statement got a
weighted mean of 43.69 with the descriptive rating of “Functional”
21
The total Average weighted mean under functional suitability is 4.02 with a
descriptive rating of “Functional” which means that the respondents agreed that
the end result is very functional for them.
Table 2. Performance Efficiency
PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCY Weighted Descriptive

Mean Rating
Smoking can cause cancer 4.42

Effective
9.57
Smoking can cause infertility Very
Effective
4.42
Smoking can cause asthma Effective
Smoking can lead to death 3.31 Effective
very
Total AWM 5.40 Effective
The first statement under Performance Efficiency got a weighted mean of

4.42 with a Descriptive Rating of “Effective” then the second statement got a
weighted mean of 9.57 with a Descriptive Rating of “Very Effective” and the third
question got a weighted mean of 4.42 with a Descriptive Rating of “Effective”.
And the last one got a weighted mean of 3.31 with a Descriptive Rating of
“Effective”
The total Average Weighted Mean under Performance Efficiency is 5.40

with a Descriptive Rating of “Very Effective” which means that the respondents
agreed that the Performance of the proposed study is effective for them.
22
In assessing the Maintainability, the we researchers used the rating scale

Strongly Agree, Agree, Uncertain, Disagree and Strongly Disagree. And the
pointing values for rating scale are 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1. The score in rating scales are
computed by weighted mean valued Strongly Agree (4.51-5.00), Agree (3.51-
4.50), Uncertain (2.51-3.50), Disagree (1.51-2.50) and Strongly Disagree (1.00-
1.50). And the computed weighted mean values are rated Very Maintainable,
Maintainable, Uncertain, Not Maintainable and Very Much Not Maintainable.
Table 3. Maintainablity
Maintainability Weighted Descriptive

Mean Rating
Smoking can cause yellow eye 2.93 Uncertain
Smoking can cause bad breath 3.15 Uncertain
Smoking can cause severe headache 3.66 Maintainabl

e
Smoking can cause diabetes 3.45 Uncertain

Not
Total AWM 3.29 Maintainabl
e
the first statement under functional suitability got a weighted mean of
2.93 with the descriptive rating of “Uncertain” then the second statement got a
weighted mean of 3.15 with the descriptive rating of “Uncertain” and the third
statement got a weighted mean of 3.66 with the descriptive rating of
23
“Maintainable”. And last got a weighted mean of 3.45 with the descriptive rating
of “Uncertain
The total Average Weighted Mean under Maintainability is 3.29 with the
Descriptive Rating of “Not Maintainable” which means that the respondents
Agreed that the application has met the objectives under Not Maintainable.
CHAPTER V
Discussion
The IS school of technology and skill development (ISSTSD) need a

monitoring for their students. Even they are aware they didn’t stop. Although
there are several studies conducted on students smoking, the knowledge that
they have about these things is still unknown.
Conclusions
The following are the researcher’s thoughts. The respondents of the study
are aware of the bad effects of cigarette smoking. Even they are aware they
didn’t stop. In this research we learn that the students of ISTSD are aware of the
bad effect of cigarette smoking.
Cigarette smoking among students in ISTSD can be used by the next

researcher to improve and upgrade the system with the additional functions and
features.
The Following Suggestion is to be considered:
1. How many senior high students of ISTSD are smoking?
2. Do those students know the harmful effect of cigarette smoking?
24
3. Do the students are aware of this bad effects of cigarette smoking?
References
(en.m.wikipedia.org).
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
THE USE OF VERNACULAR LEARNING MODULE
DON HONORIO VENTURA TECHNOLOGICAL STATE UNIVERSITY
Web-Based Government Vehicle Tracker Using GPS of Mexico Pampanga
DON HONORIO VENTURA TECHNOLOGICAL STATE UNIVERSITY
(Marjorie retula 2013) Cigarette Smoking Among Teenagers in Baguio City: A Cross-
Sectional Study Joan cheruiyot, Marjorie Retuta, Geofrey Arasa, Sabella J. Kiprono,
Scholastica Korir, Simon Macharia Kamau
( Santosh Digal 2008) a recent study conducted by the Southeast Asia Tabacco
Control Alliance,
( quizlet.com).
25
26

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IS SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT

Technical Vocational Livelihood – Information Communication Technology

1.1 Background of the study

Smoking nowadays is very common that’s why some places are

Cigarette Smoking Among Students In ISTSD

1.2 Conceptual Framework

In this research, we expect to struggle upon getting ideas or

Independent Variables Dependent Variable

Family Effect of cigarette

Cigarette Smoking Among Students In ISTSD

1.3 Problem of the Study

1.3.1 General Problem

1.3.2 Specific Problem

Cigarette Smoking Among Students In ISTSD

1.4 Objectives of the Study

To estimate the smoking prevalence among the students in ISTSD.

1.4.1 General Objectives

1.4.2 Specific Objectives

Cigarette Smoking Among Students In ISTSD

1.5 Significance of the Study

become more understandable about the topic cigarette smoking.

scared that their child might get second hand smoke.

undertaking. Variables not included herein could be included as to deepening

the context of explaining the problem being studied.

Cigarette Smoking Among Students In ISTSD

1.6 Scope and Delimitation

being used for the study.

It is delimited in determining the number of the respondents and the

smoking prevalence among students in ISTSD.

1.7 Definition of Terms

worries that we might reveal their identity.

Cigarette Smoking Among Students In ISTSD

2.1 Related Literature

According to ( Santosh Digal 2008) a recent study conducted by the Southeast

2.1.1 Foreign Literature

2,1.2 Local Literature

Cigarette Smoking Among Students In ISTSD

2.2 Related Study

2.2.1 Foreign Study

Smoking is considered as an important risk factor contributing to global burden

Smoking is a behavior that generally starts in adolescence. About 80% of

Various studies have reported the prevalence of smoking among university

Cigarette Smoking Among Students In ISTSD

2.2.2 Local Study

Cigarette Smoking Among Students In ISTSD

3.1 Types of Research

The design is a non-experimental correlation research. This design investigated

3.2 Respondents of the Study

Respondents: answer (respond/reply to) questionnaires - usually quantitative

We were looking forward on their participation on this kind of research because

N = Total number of population

Cigarette Smoking Among Students In ISTSD

3.3 Sampling Techniques

3.4 Research Instrument

Research Instrument In order to answer specific sub-problems in our study, survey

3.5 Data Collection

Cigarette Smoking Among Students In ISTSD

The respondents will be given survey questionnaires to determine in which group

3.6 Statistical Treatment of Data

∑ f (x) = Total scores of students

Cigarette Smoking Among Students In ISTSD

To get the overall assessment of proposed system in terms of its