SECTORAL STUDIES

I. ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
Overview of CDP • Resource Mapping
• Climate Change & DRR
• Forest Ecosystems
• Coastal Planning
• Biodiversity

II. SECTORAL STUDIES

• Demographic Study
• Social Sector Study
• Economic Sector Study
• Infrastructure Sector Study

III. SPECIAL AREA STUDIES

• Green Growth
• Urban Design & Development
• Heritage Conservation
• Ancestral Domain
 • Education
• Health &Welfare
Overview of CDP SOCIAL • Housing
• Protective
Services

• Primary
• Secondary
ECONOMIC • Tertiary
• Income &
Employment

• Power
• Water Utilities
INFRA
• Communication
& UTILITIES
• Transportation
• Waste Mg’t

• Air Quality
ENVI • Water Quality
• Land Resources

• Organizational
• Fiscal
INSTI Administration
• Policy
01 INFRASTRUCTURE
& UTILITIES
PLANNING
 1 Infrastructure & Utilities

Power: Generation, Transmission, Distribution

Water, Drainage & Sewerage System: water for consumption, input to

production & treatment of wastewater

Communication: postal services, telephone, internet & mobile phones

Waste Management: segregation, transport, final disposal

Transportation & Circulation System:

 Air Transport: airports
 Water Transport: ports, docks & navigation
 Terrestrial: train system, public transport routes, streets, bikelanes &
pedestrian transport, directions & signages
 •Power
•Water Utilities
Infrastructure •Communication
& Utilities •Waste Management
•Transportation

INFRASTRUCTURE

• basic facilities, services &

installations needed for the
functioning of a community or
society; plays an important role
in development

• refers to the technical structures

that support a society. Most are
owned & managed by
governments or public utility
companies; may collectively be
termed civil infrastructure.
Objectives of Infrastructure
Planning
 Provide adequate base for social
and economic development Some Considerations in
Infrastructure Planning
 Improve Quality of Life
 Demand: concentration of
population, income level, population,
 Reduce vulnerability of
community to environmental users’ needs
risks and disasters
 Supply: raw materials, HR
 Provide adequate support to
attain the projected levels of
food self-sufficiency and  Location: Physical suitability;
production targets Environmental Impact

 Guide the orderly expansion of  Institutional capability

settlement
 Existing Technology
INFRASTRUCTURE
& UTILITIES
PLANNING: Power
 GENERATION

Power
 Relies on available resources

 Evidently interacts with

Environmental Sector (source
& sink)

 Nuclear: no emissions vs.

high risk

 Solar: high initial capital

outlay vs. long-term benefits

 Coal: inexpensive vs.

pollutive

 Renewable: ecological-
soundness vs. food security
 Power

TRANSMISSION

 Data on trends of typhoon frequency, wind speeds:

(a) make power transmission utilities more durable,
(b) locate them in areas where they would be least
prone to damage

 Design in the layout of transmission lines should put

primacy on public safety

 Consideration for the Volume of Users: planning for

current & perceived future consumption
INFRASTRUCTURE
& UTILITIES
PLANNING: Water,
Drainage &
Sewerage System
 Addresses our needs
for: WATER SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Water - Personal
Consumption:
Source:

drinking, bathing
& other domestic
- Surface water: lake, spring, stream,
activities river, lake, reservoir

- Industrial
application:
- Aquifer: water-bearing strata of
manufacturing, rock or soil where groundwater is
input to
production stored

- Fire Protection - Wetland: areas saturated by surface

or ground water which often
supports vegetation: marsh,
mangroves, swamp
Transmission means: aqueducts,
pipelines

Treatment Facilities: filtration plants

Distribution System: storage facility,

pumping stration

Service Connectors
 Drainage System Functions
 Transport storm water,
surface water, street wash,
etc. to receiving facilities
Water  Prevent significant erosion,
damage on site and
properties
 System comprises of both
natural and man-made
Factors to Consider in
Drainage Design
Rainfall: amount, severity,
frequency
Characteristic of site: size of
area to be serviced, slope
gradient, permeability
Design:
- Depends on service
capacity, complexity
- Common Methods: (a)
surface drainage, (b)
enclosed underground, (c)
enclosed underground with
on-site storage, (d)
combination
Land use: i.e. residential vs.
industrial
Risk Analysis: degree of safety
Cost
 Sewerage System
Water Sewer: conduit for
conveying waste water
Implementing Rules &
Regulations (IRR) for Sewage
Disposal & Drainage Sewage: liquid conveyed
by a sewer
Chapter XVII of P.D. 856:
Sanitation Code of the
Philippines
Design: sewage works,
including the facilities
for the collection &
conveyance of sewage
INFRASTRUCTURE
& UTILITIES
PLANNING: Waste
Management
Ecological Solid Waste
Management

 the systematic administration of activities which provide

for segregation at source, segregated transportation,
storage, transfer, processing, treatment, and disposal of
solid waste and all other waste management activities
which do not harm the environment.

 Draw guidance from R. A. 9003: Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of

2000
− Section 10: Role of LGUs in SWM
− Section 16: Local Government Solid Waste Management Plan: preparation of 10-
year plans: including source reduction, recycling & composting
− Section 40. Criteria for siting a sanitary landfill: min. requirements
Ecological Solid Waste Management: DAO
98-50 Solid Waste Sanitary Landfill Site Selection Criteria

1/7: Consistent with the overall land use plan

- Topography should be gently sloping around 2-4%
- Irrigation / livestock should be 500 meters from the boundaries
- Should be 500 meters away from: protected forest, wetlands, biodiversity
areas i.e. breeding ground for endangered species) areas - No open areas of
high winds
- No major gas, sewer, electric lines should cross the area
- No significant seismic risk, 500meters away from faultline; no siting within
floodplain on 10-year floods
- No siting within 3km of a major airport

2/7 Adequate earth cover

- Soils above the groundwater should be relatively impermeable, otherwise clay
or plastic liners should be used
- Site should have no limestone, carbonate or porous rock formation
underneath; no underground mines
Ecological Solid Waste Management:
DAO 98-50 Solid Waste Sanitary Landfill Site Selection Criteria

3/7: Accessible from major roads - within 30 minutes travel time

4/7: Consideration for community sensibilities

- Residential area should be 250 meters away from the perimeter; 1 km
away from memorial site, school, church & tourism site.

5:7: Area where it will not affect the groundwater / aquifer

- Groundwater’s 10-year-high-level must be at least 1.5 meters below the
proposed base of the sanitary landfill
- Should not be a recharge area for domestic water supply
- Perennial stream should be 300 meters away

6/7: Good for 5 year operation

7/7: Hazardous wastes should have a separate containment

 INFRASTRUCTURE
& UTILITIES
PLANNING:
Transportation &
Circulation System
• Air Transport: airports
• Water Transport: ports, docks & navigation
• Terrestrial: train system, public transport routes,
streets, bikelanes & pedestrian transport, directions &
signages

Transportation
Objectives for planning and designing
streets
 Provide safe, efficient flow of people and
vehicles
 Provide the framework for new
development
 Determine major pedestrian & public
transport routes
 Provide right of ways for utilities
Types of Streets
Arterial: has a capacity to carry
high traffic volume (20-40m)
Collector: connects arterials with
local streets (16-20m)
Local Access: connects reidences,
low density development (7-12m)
Alley: small with limited capacity
Phil. Street Classification
National: primary include main
trunk line while secondary include
access roads
Provincial: connecting one
municipality to another
City/municipal: within LGUs
Barangay: not classified above
 Impacts on Public Health & Safety
Transportation
- Poor ride quality
Social Impacts - Exposure to crime & accidents
- Inequality in mobility - Noise pollution
- Livability of
communities Impacts on the Physical
- Community severance Environment
- Visual intrusion
- Effects on flora & fauna
- Soil erosion
- Temperature modification

Economic Impacts
- Access to job opportunities &
markets
- Opportunity cost of time
- Resource wastage
- Economic dislocation
 02
INSTITUTIONAL
PLANNING
 National
Government

2 Institutional Sector
HUCs and
Provinces
ICCs

Organization:
 structure Municipalities
Component
Cities
 typology
 powers & mandate
 human resources Barangay Barangay Barangay

Fiscal Administration:
 Revenue Generation: sources of income
 Revenue Allocation & Utilization
 Management & Control

Policy: Executive and Legislative Agenda

(ELA) and the Local Development Investment
Plan (LDIP)
INSTITUTIONAL
PLANNING:
Organization
Institutional Sector INSTITUTIONAL
•Organizational
•Fiscal Administration
•Policy

Legal Mandate

1987 Constitution
- for more responsive & accountable local government structure
- Devolution & allocation of powers, responsibilities & resources

R.A. 7160: Local Government Code of 1991

 Levels & Structures of LGUs

National
Government

HUCs and
Provinces
ICCs

Component
Municipalities
Cities

Barangay Barangay Barangay

Levels & Structures

No. of LGUs as of Jan 2014

Provinces 81
Cities 144
Highly Urbanized Cities 35
Component Cities 103
Independent Component Cities 5
Municipalities 1,478
Barangays 41,889
These political subdivisions enjoy
autonomy but are under the supervision of
the President under the DILG Secretary
LGU Typology: Income
Powers of Local Government

POLICE POWER: The power to prescribe regulations to

promote the health, morals, peace, education, order, safety
and general welfare of people

EMINENT DOMAIN: power to appropriate private property to

particular uses to promote public welfare; Art III, Sections 1 &
9: (a) public use & (b) just compensation

TAXATION: power to collect enforced contributions to defray

the expenses of government
- LGC Section 129: Power to Create Sources of Revenue
- Section 18: Powert to Generate & Apply Resources
Institutional Mechanisms for
Planning

Institutional
Development Plan

- Strengthen the
capability of local
government bureacracy
to plan & manage the
development of the LGU

- Manpower development,
fiscal management &
program management
are the vital
components of this
sectoral plan
Human Resource Development

Local Special Bodies

• Local School Board
• Local Health Board
• Local Development Council
• LDC Executive Committee
• Local Peace & Order Council
• Local DRRM Council
• Bids & Awarde Committee
INSTITUTIONAL
PLANNING:
Fiscal
Administration
Fiscal Administration

Refers to systems, structures, processes, resources & the

policy environment governing the fiscal matters

3 primary components
1. Revenue Generation
2. Revenue Allocation & Utilization
3. Management & Control
Fiscal Administration Sources
of Revenue
Fiscal Administration Sources
of Revenue
Fiscal Administration: Sources
of Revenue
03a
ECONOMIC SECTOR:
the national context
National Context
 National Context
Production Land Use: utilization
of land resources for crop, fish,
livestock, poultry & timber
production, agroforestry, mining,
industry, and tourism.
Lands include agricultural areas,
coastal and marine zones,
production forests, mineral lands,
industrial and tourism development
areas where productive activities
could be undertaken to meet the
country’s requirements for economic
growth.
VISION & PRINCIPLES OF THE NFPP:
• Food Security
• Environmental Stability and Ecological
Integrity
• Rational Urban Development
• Spatial Integration
• Equitable access to Physical and Natural
Resources
• Private-Public Sector Partnership
• People Empowerment
• Recognition of the Rights of Indigenous
Peoples
• Market Orientation
LAND USE POLICY GUIDELINES:
• Settlements Development
• Infrastructure Development
• Protection Land Use
• Production Land Use
National Context
Consideration for the following aspects
were made to generate Guidelines for
PRODUCTION LAND USE
Ensure Food Security through:
• Implementation of the SAFDZ
• Conservation of agricultural lands &
identification of potential areas for
expansion, incl. marginal lands
• Provide infrastructure to link
production areas to other land uses
Increase Levels of Production &
Productivity through:
• Implement measures to improve
efficiency in current production areas
• Promote water security through focused
irrigation programs and R&D
• Sound Tourism Promotion &
development
Promotion of Competitive and
Strategic Industrialization through:
• Review the suitability of existing
industries  evaluate if they need to be
maintained, expanded or used for other
activities
• Encourage growth of info-tech industries
• Adopt a dispersal strategy to distribute
location
Mitigate the Negative Impact of
Economic Activities through:
• Suitable location of activities by means
of hazard and risk assessment
• Implement zoning & regulations that
encourage disaster mitigation,
environmental protection practices.
National Context

03 Globally- 04 Competitive, sustainable

competitive and and technology-based
innovative industry agriculture and fisheries
and services sector sector, driven by productive
contributing to and progressive farmers and
inclusive growth and fisherfolk, supported by
employment efficient value chains and
generation: well-integrated in the
domestic and international
1. Improved markets, contributing to
business inclusive growth and poverty
environment reduction:

2. Increased 1. Food security improved

productivity & & Incomes increased
efficiency
2. Sector resilience to CC
3. Enhanced Risks increased
consumer
welfare 3. Policy environment &
governance enhanced
National Context National Economic &
Development Authority: the
country's independent economic
development and planning agency

• development planning & policy

formulation
• Investment programming & budgeting
• ODA management
• (PPP) Project monitoring and evaluation
03b
ECONOMIC SECTOR:
the sub-national
context
Sub-national Context
ECONOMIC SECTOR:
ECONOMIC SECTOR STUDY

• Involves the assessment of the

HLURB:
current state & growth patterns of
CLUP
the local economy

• To build or strengthen economic

activities in a sustainable manner

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN:

embodies what the LGU’s courses of

DILG: action to create a favorable climate for
CDP investment to enable businesses and
industry to flourish – and to assure
constituents of a steady supply of
goods and services and of jobs and
household incomes.
 HLURB
CONTENTS

I. ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
• Resource Mapping
• Climate Change & DRR
• Forest Ecosystems
• Coastal Planning
• Biodiversity

II. SECTORAL STUDIES

• Demographic Study
• Social Sector Study
• ECONOMIC SECTOR STUDY
• Infrastructure Sector Study

III. SPECIAL AREA STUDIES

• Green Growth
• Urban Design & Development
• Heritage Conservation
• Ancestral Domain
48
 • Education
General Process that SOCIAL
• Health &Welfare
• Housing

Applies to all Sectors • Protective Services

• Recreation

(HLURB) • Agriculture
• Industry
ECONOMIC • Commerce & Trade
Data • Tourism
Gathering & • Income & Employment
Processing
• Power
• Water Utilities
INFRA
Data • Communication
& UTILITIES
Analysis • Transportation
• Waste Mg’t

Current &
Projected • Air Quality
Needs ENVI • Water Quality
• Land Resources

Sector
Analysis
Matrix • Organizational
INSTI • Fiscal Administration
• Policy
 Functional
Sectors of
the Economy
 FUNCTIONAL SECTORS of the ECONOMY

PRIMARY AGRICULTURE  FISHERY  FORESTRY

Manufacturing  Mining and Quarrying  Electricity, Gas & Water

SECONDARY
Production  Construction  Printing, Publishing and Reproduction

Wholesale & Retail Trade  Transportation, Storage & Communication 

TERTIARY (old) Finance, Insurance and Related Activities  Real Estate and Development
 Personal and Community Services, TOURISM

Redefined: Hotels and restaurants  Parlors, barbershops, spas and salons  Laundry
(a) TERTIARY and dry cleaning businesses  Vehicle maintenance establishments

Trading Services (wholesale & retail)  Transport Services 

Communication Activities  Finance and Insurance Business Transactions
 Real Estate & Development  TOURISM DEVELOPMENT & MANAGEMENT
(b) QUATERNARY  Intellectual services such as scientific Research & Development 
Professional Consulting  Planning, computing, collecting, recording,
arranging, storing, retrieval, exchange and dissemination of Information
 Information & Communication Technology

Services of top executives or officials of government, science

(c) QUINARY institutions, universities and state educators, non-profit organizations,
healthcare, culture associations and the media
 ECONOMIC
SECTOR STUDY
Agriculture
Crop  Livestock & Poultry 
Fishery & Aquaculture
ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
SECTORAL STUDIES ACTIVITIES involved in each STEP
SOCIAL SECTOR STUDY
ECONOMIC SECTOR STUDY Generate Information: data on production, income and
• AGRICULTURE Data employment levels
• Forestry
• Commerce & Trade
Gathering Determine the felt needs, aspirations and issues of the
• Industry and community through multi-stakeholder consultations
• Tourism Processing
SPECIAL AREA STUDIES If needed, gather additional information

Analysis / Comparison on Actual / Existing Production

Support Activities / Facilities: Availability and sufficiency of
Data support infrastructure, finance / credit and other technical
assistance or programs
Analysis
Others:
 Areas covered by national & local policies (zones of
overlapping policy) i.e. AFMA, CARP, EIA, NIPAS
 Vulnerability assessment: DRR & CCA mainstreaming
Identify and discuss pressing development problems, issues
Current and and constraints
Projected
Needs Determine the needs for products of the current and future
population: Demand & Supply projections
Consolidate & validate the findings of the previous steps w/
Sector the results of the consultation  list down problem areas
Analysis Recommend interventions: policy options, appropriate
Matrix strategies
Tabulate and priorities from the various option
ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
SECTORAL STUDIES
SOCIAL SECTOR STUDY  What is being produced? Characterize species / variety.
ECONOMIC SECTOR STUDY - Comparison of each produce with total agricultural production
• AGRICULTURE
- FISH: (a) inland v. marine v. aquaculture; (b) commercial v. municipal
• Forestry
• Commerce & Trade - CROP: cereals v. fruits vs. HVAC
• Industry - LIVESTOCK: Comparison across poultry, beef, pork, foul, dairy
• Tourism
SPECIAL AREA STUDIES
 Where are these located? Map out the areas.
Data - May include activities of adjacent areas i.e. effluents near fishing
Gathering grounds
and
Processing  How much land is allocate? In terms of hectares / sq. km.
- Comparative percentages devoted for each produce
- Average production per hectare; comparison of averages across produce
Data - CROP: comparison of rain-fed v. irrigated (public & private)
Analysis
 How big is the yield? Indicate volume (mt) and value (farmgate @
18.00/kilo)
Current and
Projected - Comparative figures based on volume and value
Needs
 Where does the produce go? Who consumes the produce?
- Comparison of intra-LGU (w/in), inter-LGU consumption; export
Sector
Analysis  How many are employed in each activity?
Matrix - CROP: Percentage distribution of employment by type i.e. owner
cultivator, share cropper, lessee, farm labourer
ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
SECTORAL STUDIES
SOCIAL SECTOR STUDY Availability of Support Systems
ECONOMIC SECTOR STUDY
• AGRICULTURE
• Forestry
• Commerce & Trade - Physical Infrastructure: Are there irrigation / storage /
• Industry
• Tourism
processing / post-harvest facilities and farm-to-market
SPECIAL AREA STUDIES roads? Where are they located? What is there condition?
What is the extent of their coverage?
Data
Gathering
and - Credit and finance: Are there agricultural support
Processing programs, financing schemes / specialized credit facilities
or market linkages available?
Data
Analysis - Availability / Accessibility of Agricultural Support
Programs or other Technical Assistance: Are there
Current and existing programs and projects provided by
Projected
Needs
local/provincial/national agencies / CSOs? What areas are
covered? How many are the beneficiaries?

Sector
- Include an inventory of other agriculture related
Analysis
Matrix activities, facilities, policies, programs and initiatives
ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
SECTORAL STUDIES
SOCIAL SECTOR STUDY
ECONOMIC SECTOR STUDY
• AGRICULTURE
• Forestry Areas covered by National / Local Policies
• Commerce & Trade
• Industry
• Tourism - National Protected Areas for Agricultural and
SPECIAL AREA STUDIES
Agro-Industrial Areas for Development (NPAAAD)
Data
Gathering - Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development
and Zones (SAFDZ):
Processing
- refer to R.A. 8435 AFMA of 1997 & BSWM-DA primer
of Integration of SAFDZ into the CLUP; refer to pp.
Data 343 of HLURB Vol. 2 for 11 types of SAFDZs
Analysis

- Areas covered by R.A. 9700 (R.A. 6657): Location

Current and of CARP Areas and number of ARBs
Projected
Needs
- Areas covered by Conversion / Reclassification:
see DAR Administrative Order No. 1 series of 2002;
Sector Section 65 of R.A. 6657; Office of the President
Analysis
Matrix Administrative Order No. 20, series of 1992
ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
SECTORAL STUDIES
SOCIAL SECTOR STUDY
• Identify and discuss pressing development problems, issues and
ECONOMIC SECTOR STUDY constraints
• AGRICULTURE - Decrease in agricultural area, volume of production
• Forestry - Environmental degradation
• Commerce & Trade - Insufficient infrastructure / support / market linkage
• Industry
• Tourism
- Vulnerability to climate change / disaster
SPECIAL AREA STUDIES
• Determine the needs for agricultural products of the current and
Data future population
Gathering - Supply projection: Volume of production = total area planted with crop A
and * yield per hectare
Processing - Demand projection: Actual demand / Required food intake = per capita
food requirement * population at a given year

Data
Analysis

Current and
Projected
Needs

Sector
Analysis
Matrix
ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
SECTORAL STUDIES
SOCIAL SECTOR STUDY
ECONOMIC SECTOR STUDY
• AGRICULTURE
Other important matters:
• Forestry
• Commerce & Trade
• Industry • Please note that there is a separate study to be
• Tourism
SPECIAL AREA STUDIES conducted for (a) forest ecosystems which subsume
timber products; and (b) coastal planning. Refer to
HLURB Vol. 2, s. 2014 pps. 73 – 101 and 103 – 148,
respectively.

• Mainstreaming DRR and CCA: see if crops, livestock,

aquaculture produce and pertinent facilities are
susceptible (H/M/L) to flooding (Fl), tropical
cyclone (Tc), drought (Dr), earthquake (Eq),
volcanic activity(Vo), landslide (Ln), tsunami (Ts)
and storm surge (Su).

• Criteria for Land Suitability for

Agricultural Uses
ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
SECTORAL STUDIES
CRITERIA FOR SUITABILITY OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USES
SOCIAL SECTOR STUDY
ECONOMIC SECTOR STUDY
• AGRICULTURE
SLOPE: areas of moderate slope (15% max) with good drainage as
• Forestry is appropriate for most crops.
• Commerce & Trade
• Industry
• Tourism SOIL TYPE: Agricultural lands should be of soil type A, B, and C:
SPECIAL AREA STUDIES fertile, nutrient- & mineral-rich most crops. Impervious subsoil
best for paddy rice.

TEMPERATURE: Site should (a) have suitable temperature for

various crops; (b) meet moisture requirement of plant
• Cold limit of rice is 28-29ºC
• Commercial corn production 19ºC
• Cotton: 25ºC
• Coffee, 15.55-25.55ºC.

ACCESSIBILITY: It is accessible to irrigation, transport and

electricity.

TOPOGRAPHY: Grazing land slope of 25 – 50%: topography not

suited for cropland purposes.

LEGAL: Areas covered by the CARP and those considered as

prime agricultural lands.
ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
SECTORAL STUDIES SITE CRITERIA FOR FISHING AREA AND FISHING FACILITIES
SOCIAL SECTOR STUDY
ECONOMIC SECTOR STUDY
• AGRICULTURE CLIMATE: Fishing areas should be preferably have types I and II
• Forestry
• Commerce & Trade
climate.
• Industry • Type I: have 2 pronounced seasons,
• Tourism wet from May - Oct, dry the rest of the year.
SPECIAL AREA STUDIES
• Type II: No dry season,
very pronounced max. rain period from Nov - Jan

SOIL: It should have clay and loam or loam type of soil.

FACILITIES: Fish collection centers should be located in

commercial fish landing ports to maximize
use of facilities.

LOCATION: Where landing ports are non-existent or could not be

built, inland fish collection centers should be located in a
locality with the largest production potential or in a place
around which the fishing areas are more or less clustered.
ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
SECTORAL STUDIES SITE CRITERIA FOR GRAZING LANDS
SOCIAL SECTOR STUDY
ECONOMIC SECTOR STUDY SLOPE: At least 75% of the area must have a slope of not more than
• AGRICULTURE 50%.
• Forestry
• Commerce & Trade
• Industry VEGETATION: should be predominantly covered by herbaceous
• Tourism
SPECIAL AREA STUDIES
species well distributed throughout the area and producing at least
500 kilograms air dry weight or 1,000 kilograms green weight per
hectare, preferably taken during the first 60 days of the rainy
season.

AREA: The area should be contiguous and not less than 1,000
hectare for economical management.

SOIL: Soil should be stable, medium to heavy texture and erosion

resistant. Erosion, if any, must be moderate to slight and can be
easily controlled.

WATER SUPPLY: There must be accessible, continuous and adequate

supply of water.

TOPOGRAPHY: The land shall not prevent any restriction in the form
of cliffs, ravines, swamps, thick brushes and other similar barriers in
the movement of livestock, men, and equipment. The area must be
free from forest occupancy that may hinder range management.
ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS BSWM LAND CAPABILITY SCHEME
SECTORAL STUDIES
SOCIAL SECTOR STUDY CROPLANDS
ECONOMIC SECTOR STUDY Lands with 0-3% slope that can be cultivated safely and
• AGRICULTURE Very Good
Class A extensively to crops and requires only simple but good
• Forestry Land
management practices
• Commerce & Trade
• Industry Lands with 0-3% slope that can be cultivated safely and requires
Class B Good Land
• Tourism easily applies conservation practices
SPECIAL AREA STUDIES Lands wit 8- 15% slope that can be cultivated regularly for crops
Moderately
Class C in rotation; requires caution, careful management and intensive
Good Land
conservation practices.
Lands with 3-8% slope - must be cultivated with caution and
Fairly Good
Class D requires very careful management and complex conservation
Land
practices for safe cultivation; more suitable for pasture or forest
PASTURE & FORESTLANDS
Level to Lands with 0-3% slope that are too stony or very wet for
Class L Nearly Level cultivation and thus is limited to pasture or forest use with good
Land soil management.
Land with 25 – 40% slope which easily eroded and too shallow for
Class M Steep Land cultivation and therefore requires careful management to be
used for pasture or forest
Lands with 40% slope and above which are shallow and rough or
Very Steep
Class N dry for cultivation and very easily eroded; can be used for
Land
grazing or forestry with very limited management required
LAND FOR WILDLIFE & RECREATION
Lands with slope of 0 -1 % which are very often wet, cannot be
Class X Level Land drained and is suited for fishpond; Examples are mangrove
swamps and fresh marshes
Very Hilly & Lands with slope of 40% and above which are generally barren
Class Y
Mountainous and rugged and suitable for recreation or wildlife
 ECONOMIC
SECTOR STUDY
Commerce and Trade
COMMERCIAL AREAS include:

• Commercial Business District (CBD)

• Public market

• Commercial strips / talipapa (wet/dry neighbourhood commercial

center

• Commercial complex (range of dry goods store, boutique shops,

recreational/entertainment establishments and service shops such as
food chain branches/establishments)

• Malls (with department stores, supermarket and various shops in one

building)

• Others

ECONOMIC SECTOR STUDY

Commerce & Trade
ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
SECTORAL STUDIES
SOCIAL SECTOR STUDY  Come up with an inventory of commercial establishments
ECONOMIC SECTOR STUDY
• Agriculture - Reflect all commercial activity in map
• Forestry
• COMMERCE & TRADE
- Assess spatial distribution and patterns of commercial areas
• Industry - Assess the rate of increase of the number of business
• Tourism
SPECIAL AREA STUDIES
establishments
- Assess the percentage of commercial area vs. built up area
Data
Gathering  Listing of business permits granted in the last 5 years
and
Processing  Employment by type of business or trade
- Assess average family income and sources of income
Data - Assess the need to acquire / upgrade manpower skills
Analysis
 Inventory of existing programs for commerce i.e. SME promotion
Current and
Projected  OTHERS factors to assess:
Needs - Adequacy of support facilities, water, power, transportation,
solid waste management system, parking, etc.
- Purchasing trends of constituents: preferences and capacity
Sector
- Clients outside the municipality (beyond local consumption)
Analysis
Matrix - For LGU: how much income is derived from the issuance of
permits and licenses
ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
SECTORAL STUDIES
SOCIAL SECTOR STUDY SITE SELECTION CRITERIA FOR COMMERCIAL AREAS
ECONOMIC SECTOR STUDY
• Agriculture
• Forestry
LOCATION: site in the most desirable general area as established by
• COMMERCE & TRADE the economic survey;
• Industry OWNESHIP: owned or controlled by the developer, or w/ possibility of
• Tourism
SPECIAL AREA STUDIES
acquisition;
COST: Land cost must be in keeping w/ overall economic
consideration;
ZONING: Existing zoning must permit shopping center development or
reasonable likelihood of rezoning must exist;
FEASIBILITY: site must contain sufficient land to permit construction
facilities to meet the sales potential;
CONTIGUITY: land must be in one piece, free of intervening roadways,
right-of-way, easements, major waterways, or other obstacles that
would force development in separated portions;
TOPOGRAPHY: the topography and shape of the site must permit
advantageous planning and reasonable construction;
ACCESSIBILITY & TRAFFIC: the surrounding road pattern and
accessibility must allow full utilization of the business potential; retail
facilities should be exposed to maximize foot traffic; Various
mechanized traffic types and foot traffic be separated and distinct
from one another
VISIBILITY: structure must be visible from major thoroughfares;
ATTRACTIVENESS: surrounding areas should be safeguarded against
blight; orderliness, unity and beauty should be achieved.
CONVENIENCE: Maximum comfort and convenience for shoppers and
CATEGORIZATION
• Capitalization
• Employment
• Intensity

ECONOMIC
SECTOR STUDY
Industry
ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
SECTORAL STUDIES
SOCIAL SECTOR STUDY  Historical data on industrial areas
ECONOMIC SECTOR STUDY
• Agriculture
- Establish trends in growth in (a) number and type of industries,
• Forestry (b) area utilization, (c) volume of production, (d) revenue
• Commerce & Trade
• INDUSTRY
generated
• Tourism
SPECIAL AREA STUDIES
 Inventory of Existing Industrial Establishment with various
categorization: (a) Intensity, (b) Capitalization, (c) Employment
Data
Gathering
and  Product Flow
Processing - Assess where raw materials are coming from, where production
takes place and where it is distributed / consumed.
Data
Analysis  Existing hazardous and/or pollutive industries
- Assess the location, type (land/water/air) and extent of
pollution, affected population, mitigating devices and its
Current and adequacy
Projected
Needs
 Natural Resources with potential for industrial development:
mining, manufacturing, logging
Sector - Assess if there are vulnerabilities to hazards
Analysis
Matrix
 Inventory of local policies relating to industrial development
- Assess also the adequacy of existing support infrastructure
ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
SECTORAL STUDIES
SOCIAL SECTOR STUDY
ECONOMIC SECTOR STUDY
• Agriculture
• Forestry
• Commerce & Trade
• INDUSTRY
• Tourism
SPECIAL AREA STUDIES

Data
Gathering
and
Processing

Data
Analysis

Current and SITE CONSIDERATIONS FOR INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT

Projected
Needs  Impact on the Environment
 Impact on the traffic and provision for utilities, i.e. water, power
 Proximity an access to transport nodes
Sector
 Measures and safeguards against pollution and compliance with
Analysis
sanitation requirement
Matrix
 ECONOMIC
SECTOR STUDY
Tourism
ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
SECTORAL STUDIES DOTC: What are the steps in Formulating the LTDP?
SOCIAL SECTOR STUDY
ECONOMIC SECTOR STUDY STEPS Guide Questions
• Agriculture
• Forestry Analyze the What is the tourism situation in your
• Commerce & Trade
• Industry
situation locality at the present time?
• TOURISM
SPECIAL AREA STUDIES What do you want to achieve for
tourism in your locality in the
Formulate goals
future?
and objectives
When do want to achieve this?

What paths do you take?

Develop
How do you get from the present
strategies
tourism situation to the future state
you desire?

Identify programs What will you do to implement the

& activities strategies?

Develop a
monitoring &
How do you measure progress?
evaluation
strategy
ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
SECTORAL STUDIES
SOCIAL SECTOR STUDY
ECONOMIC SECTOR STUDY
• Agriculture
• Forestry
• Commerce & Trade
• Industry
• TOURISM
SPECIAL AREA STUDIES
ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
SECTORAL STUDIES
SOCIAL SECTOR STUDY
ECONOMIC SECTOR STUDY
• Agriculture
• Forestry
• Commerce & Trade
• Industry
USE THE FOLLOWING TOOLS FOR ANALYSIS
• Tourism
SPECIAL AREA STUDIES
• Location Quotient / Index of Concentration of Economic
Activities:
o way of quantifying how concentrated a particular
industry is in a region as compared to a larger area;
reveals what makes a particular region “unique”

• Shift Share analysis

o determines what portions of regional economic
growth or decline can be attributed to national,
economic industry, and regional factors.

• Scalogram Analysis
o analysis which uses the presence or absence of
specific types of economic activity in a place

• Others: SWOT, Minimum Requirement Technique,

Centrality Index
Location Quotient
Shift Share Analysis
Scalogram
Technique
Summary of Economic Sector


National Context
• Overview of NFPP & MTPDP Area II:
• Overview of NEDA’s structure & mandate ENVI’L PLANNING
PROCESSES,
Sub-National Context METHODS &
ECONOMIC SECTOR STUDY STRATEGIES: pre-
* categorization, steps, data requirements, site requisites of


selection criteria for each sub-sector planning, CDP, CLUP
• Agriculture: Crop, Livestock & Fishery and Area Dev’t
• Forestry (see special areas) Planning
• Commerce & Trade
• Industry
• Tourism Area III: PLAN
IMPL’N LEGAL
ASPECTS & ADMIN:
Sub-National Context Legal Foundations


Some tools for Integrated Economic Sector Analysis and Planning
• Location Quotient Administration
• Shift Share Analysis 78
• Scalogram Technique
 04
• Air Quality
ENVIRONMENT &
• Water Quality NATURAL RESOURCES
• Land Resource SECTORAL PLAN
 Compliance with at
least 60 existing
national Environmental
Laws
4 Environmental Sector
Land Use & Environmental Planning

National Environmental Policy

Laws Laws on Forestry & Wildlife & Water Air Quality Waste &
on Mineral Protected Biodiversity Use & Control Pollution
Energy Resources Areas Conservation Quality
Control
 LAWS ANNOTATION
The Code defines:
 the basic principles and structural framework relating to
appropriation, control, conservation, and protection of water
resources to achieve their optimum development and efficient use to
P.D. 1067 Water Code
meet present and future needs;
 the scope of the rights and obligations of water users and provides for
the protection and regulation of such rights; and
 the necessary administrative machinery.
Addresses the issues of water supply, privatization of state-run water
R.A. 8041: National
facilities, protection and conservation of watersheds and the waste and
Water Crisis Act of 1995
pilferage of water
P.D. 198: Creation of
Policies on Authorizes the creation of local water districts to operate and administer
Provincial Water
Water Use & water supply and wastewater disposal systems in the provincial areas
Utilities (1973)
Management
P.D. 1586:
Environmental Impact Mandates the conduct of environmental impact assessment studies for all
Statement System investments undertaken by the government and private sector
(1978)
P.D. 424 Creation of the National Water Resource Council
Devolves enforcement of laws on sanitation to LGUs and the provision of
basic services such as water supply, sanitation and flood control
R.A. 7160, Local
- Water Supply & Social Services: Sections 17, 447
Government Code
- Water as Input to Production: Sections 142, 143
(part. provisions)
- Regulations on Water Districts: Sections 193, 216, 218, 234, 530
- Water Quality Monitoring: Sections 484, 485
 Laws on Water Quality Control
R.A. No. 9275, Clean Water Act of 2004
Commonwealth Act 383: Anti-Dumping Law (1938)
P.D. 984: Pollution Control Law (1976)
R.A. 9003, Ecological: Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
R.A. 6969: Toxic Substances & Hazardous & Nuclear Wastes Control Act
R.A. 4850: Laguna Lake Development Authority Act, as amended by PD 813
R.A. 6234, Creation of Metro Waterworks and Sewerage System (1971)
P.D. 281, Creation of the Pasig River Development Council (1973)
D.A.O. 90-34, Revised Water Usage and Classification / Water Quality Criteria
DENR A.O. 90-35, Revised Effluent Regulations of 1990
DENR A.O. 94-26A: Phil. National Standards for Drinking Water
P.D. 856: Sanitation Code of the Philippines
DENR A.O. 2000-18: Chemical Control Order for Cyanide & Cyanide Compounds
DENR A.O. 98-58: Priority Chemical List
 GOVERNMENT AGENCIES WITH WATER-RELATED MANDATES
AGENCY MANDATE
NWRB Regulates & monitors (ground)water use
BFAR & DA Conservation, protection, management & dev’t of Fisheries & Aquatic Resources
DPWH flood control and drainage (responsibility has been transferred to MMDA for MM)
responsible for drinking water quality reg’n & supervision of gen. sanitation
DOH
activities
Formulates policies for the enforcement of environmental protection and pollution
control regulations. It is primarily responsible for the preservation of watershed
DENR
areas and ensures water quality with respect to rivers, streams and other sources
of water
for LGU-managed water supply, and sewerage and sanitation systems and
capability building (water-related functions devloved under the LGC); the power to
DILG & LGUs
discharge functions and responsibilities of national agencies and offices such as the
provision of basic services and facilities including water supply systems (Sec.17)
NPC for hydropower development
NIA
for irrigation development
BSWM

MWSS for water supply, sewerage, & sanitation in MM & neighboring provinces

LWUA for the Water Districts which manage water supply and sewerage systems.
Development, management and administration of resources in and adacent to the
LLDA
Laguna Lake
PRRC Planning, restoration & rehabilitation of the Pasig River and Adjacent areas
Coast Guard
DOTC
Management of Water Bodies for navigation purposes
 Themes of Environmental Laws

Identification / Classification:
 Land Resources are classified by slope: A&D, timberland  determine its use
 Water Resources are classified i.e. municipal water to determing intensity of fishing

Conservation: judicious use of resources we cannot do without

 Mineral resources, biodiversity, subterranean water

Utilization & Development

 People are not “allowed” to use the resource unless:
- registratered, granted permits/licenses & pay fees – (also aids monitoring & regulation)

Not purely environmental; intersect with other aspects

 -Appropriation for equitable economic access: fisheries code, CBFM, CARP, small-scale mining are poverty reduction strategies
 05
SOCIAL SECTOR
PLANNING
Population & Demography • Health
- Size
- Growth
• Education
- Composition: by sex, by age • Protective
- Change Rates (fertility, mortality, Services
migration)
- Distribution: density • Recreation
• Housing
- Population Projections:
arithmetic, geometric,
exponential, cohort survival Note: Refer to CLUP
Guidebook Volume 2
for Comprehensive
- Social Indicators: HDI,
MDG, Poverty Measures Discussion (pages
53 – 142)
SOCIAL SECTOR:
Population &
Demography
DEMOGRAPHY: studying the characteristics of
the population provides a more accurate basis of
planning

PROJECTIONS: given the opportunity to

proactively plan for the needs of the constituency

SOCIAL INDICATORS: locate where we are in

the development spectrum
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
(1) Population size: total
o Based on the 2000
population predictions,
by 2015 there will be:
92,337,852 Filipinos
o 2015 Actual Population:
101M

(2) Population growth:

change in size of the population
o PGR: Births – Deaths +
In-migration – Out-
migration
o In year 2000: 2.07, In
year 2014: 1.81
o Population Doubling
Time: 29 or 36 years

(3) Population distribution –

spatial location of the people
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
(4) Population composition:
o By sex: 38M females, 38.5M males & (100:101.43)
o By age
- Young dependents (0-14): 37.01%
- Working Population (15 – 64): 59.16%
- Old dependents (65+): 3.83%

*To address the needs of certain sub-populations:

- Health care: children, women of child-bearing age & elderly
- Education: ages 5 – 20
- Food: children & adolescents
- Employment : ages 15 – 64
- Housing: age when people start a family
SOCIAL SECTOR
PLANNING
planning that is oriented towards enhancing
Social
people’s capacities to meet their own needs
Planning by providing public services
Concerned with:
- Social characteristics of the area
Social Sector population
Development - Overall quality of life
- Availability and access to social services
- Social justice concerns

A compendium of proposed activities to

deal with the identified issues and concerns
relative to improving the sate of well-being
Social of the local population and upgrading the
Development quality of social services such as health,
Plan education, welfare, housing, etc. Questions
of equity and social justice and gender
sensitivity are also addressed by this
sectoral plan
Measuring Quality of Life?
Some Social Indicators
locate where we are in the development spectrum

 Human Development Index

 Millennium Development Goals
 Poverty Measures
Human Development Index: A
composite index that measures
peoples:

(1) Longevity – life expectancy

(2) Knowledge – measured by

adult literacy & average years
of schooling

(3) Income – GDP per capita

converted to purchasing power

< 0.5: Low Human Development

0.5 – 0.8: Medium Human Development
> 0.8: High Human Development

Philippines: 0.751 HDI

Millennium Development Goals
Millennium
Development Goals
Sustainable Development Goals
Poverty Measures

Poor: individuals / HHs whose income fall below the

poverty threshold as defined by NEDA and/or cannot
sustainably afford to provide for their minimum basic needs
of food, health, education, housing and other essential
amenities in life.

Absolute Poverty: condition of a HH below the food

threshold level (food poor)

Poverty Incidence: Portion of population whose annual

per capita income falls below the annual per capita
poverty threshold to the number of families / population

Poverty Threshold: annual per capita income required or

the amount to be spent to satisfy nutritional requirements
(2,000Kcal) and other basic needs
Poverty Analysis in the
Philippines

 Majority live in rural areas

and work in the agricultural
sector

 In the urban areas, they

live in Informal Settlements

 In 2/3 of poor families, HH

heads attained elementary
education or lower

 Have few assets &

mininal access to credit
Essentials of each sub-sector

• Data Requirements
− Total school-going age population
− Enrolment Participation Ratio (EPR)
− Drop-out Rate (DOR)
− Student-Teacher Ratio (STR)
− Student-Classroom Ratio

EDUCATION • Method for Determining additional classroom and

teachers

• Method for Projecting Enrolment

• Standards and Guidelines for Education

− Refer to: HLURB Vol.2 s.2014, pages 245 – 248

Health and Welfare • Data Requirements

Housing • Data Requirements
Protective Services • Data Requirements
Recreation • Data Requirements
Essentials of each sub-sector
Select Standards for EDUCATION

Note: Spatial Standards are

based on ANTHROPOMETRICS:
study of human
measurements, because
human activities require space
Essentials of each sub-sector

Education • Data Requirements

• Data Requirements
− Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
− Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
− Crude Death Rate (CDR)
− Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
− Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)
− Morbidity (illness)
HEALTH AND
− Malnutrition rate
WELFARE
• Projecting manpower requirements for health
services, hospital beds and day care centers

• Spatial and Site Standards for health facilities,

burial grounds / cemeteries and sanitary landfills
− Refer to: HLURB Vol.2 s.2014, pages 272– 277

Housing • Data Requirements

Protective Services • Data Requirements
Recreation • Data Requirements
Essentials of each sub-sector
Select Standards for HEALTHCARE

Note:

• Note that these are

just the minimum
− imagine the
increase in
demand during a
calamity

• Standards are
mostly quantitative
in nature; negligible
prescriptions on the
quality
Essentials of each sub-sector

Education • Data Requirements

Health and Welfare • Data Requirements

• Data Requirements
− Current Housing Demand
− Future Housing Demand
− Doubled up Households
− Displaced Units
HOUSING
− Homeless

• Know the different KSAs

• Know the different laws pertinent to Housing

Protective Services • Data Requirements

Recreation • Data Requirements
Essentials of each sub-sector
Select Standards for HOUSING

Apart from spatial requirements there are also housing

prescriptions on:
 Maximum Selling Price
 Location: away from hazard-prone & protection areas
 Saleable area & open space (inc. playgrounds & circulation)
 Garbage Disposal System
 Easement, setbacks & lot frontage measurements
Essentials of each sub-sector
Select Standards for HOUSING

Apart from spatial requirements there are also housing

prescriptions on:
 Maximum Selling Price
 Location: away from hazard-prone & protection areas
 Saleable area & open space (inc. playgrounds & circulation)
 Garbage Disposal System
 Easement, setbacks & lot frontage measurements
Essentials of each sub-sector
HOUSING: Key Agencies

HUDCC: lead housing agency to undertake planning; provides

technical assistance

NHA: augment and enhance local governments’ capabilities in the

provision of housing benefits to their constituents

HIGC: design an appropriate guarantee scheme to encourage

financial institutions to go into direct lending for housing

HLURB: develop a comprehensive plan for urban and urbanizable

areas, and review existing town and land use plans and housing
programs

NHMFC: administers the Community Mortgage Program

LGUs: prepares the CLUP, CDP & local shelter plan

Essentials of each sub-sector
HOUSING: Key Legislations

 R.A. 7279: Urban Development & Housing

Act of 1992

 B.P. 220: Economic & Socialized Housing

in Rural & Urban Areas

 P.D. 957: Subdivision & Condominium

Buyer’s Protective Decree

 E.O 90: Identifying government agencies

Essential for the National Shelter Program

 National Urban Development & Housing

Framework and the National Shelter Plan
Essentials of each sub-sector

Education • Data Requirements

Health and Welfare • Data Requirements
Housing • Data Requirements

• Data Requirements
PROTECTIVE
− Current Police Force Requirement
SERVICES − Projected Police Force Requirement

Recreation • Data Requirements

Essentials of each sub-sector
Select Standards for Protective Services
Essentials of each sub-sector

Education • Data Requirements

Health and Welfare • Data Requirements
Housing • Data Requirements
Protective Services • Data Requirements

• Data Requirements
RECREATION
− Open space areas / sports facilities