University of Waterloo

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Fall Term 2002

E&CE 261 Energy Systems

Contact Information Updated: September 5, 2002

Name Location Phone Email

Lectures
Ehab F. El-Saadany DC3621 3035 Ehab@hivolt1.uwaterloo.ca
Teaching Assistants
Hassan Ghasemi CPH3373 3781 hassan@thunderbox
Mostafa Marei DC3624 2452 mimmarei@hivolt1
Laboratory
Wesley Reid CPH1333A 3815 wreid@eestaff.water

Course Timetables
Lectures
Mondays, 12:30-1:30PM in RCH-211
Wednesdays, 12:30-1:30PM in RCH-211
Fridays, 12:30-1:30PM in RCH-211
Tutorial
Mondays, 3:30-4:30PM in DWE-1502, section #2
Wednesdays, 3:30-4:30PM in DWE-1502, section #3
Thursdays, 3:30-4:30PM in DWE-1502, section #1
Laboratory
Selected Tuesdays, 1:30–4:30 PM in CPH-1333
Selected Thursdays, 1:30–4:30 PM in CPH-1333

Text book
Z.A. Yamayee & J.L. Bala, Jr., “Electromechanical Energy Devices and Power
Systems”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1994 (ISBN 0-471-57217-9, TK 1001.Y36
1994).
Reference
E. El-Saadany, E&CE 261 Lecture Notes (course web page to be given)

Course Outline
Section 1- Basic AC Circuit Concepts
Phasor analysis. Active, reactive and complex powers. Balanced and unbalanced 3-phase ac
circuits. 3-phase power measurements.
Section 2- Energy Resources and Electric Power Generation
Energy resources. Conventional methods of electric energy generation: Thermal power plant,
Hydroelectric power plant, Nuclear power plant. Alternative methods of electric energy
generation: Magnetohydrodynamic plant, Thermal converter, Thermionic converter, Fuel cell,
Solar power plant, tidal power plant.

Section 3- Power System Structure

Generation system, Transmission system, Distribution system, Electric load characteristics

Section 4- Power System Components

Generators: Operating principles, Models. Transformers: Single-phase transformer equivalent
circuits, Measuring equivalent circuit parameters, Efficiency and regulation, 3-phase
transformers. Transmission line: Parameters, Models, Efficiency and regulation. Circuit
Breakers: Role, Mechanism of operation, Types, Per unit system

Section 5- Distribution Systems

Electrical network models of distribution systems, Residential circuits and wiring, Safety issues

Section 6- Power System Analysis

Power system modeling, one-line diagram.

Power Flow: Power flow concepts, Formulation of the problem, Classification of buses,
Power flow solutions, Control of active and reactive powers.

Fault Analysis: 3-phase symmetrical fault analysis.

Protection: Power system protection. Elements of protection systems, Protection zones,

Primary and backup protection, Protection system requirements, Protective
relays, Application of protection systems.

Assignment Problems
Assignment problems should be attempted before you attend the tutorial sessions.

Assign #1— Basic AC Circuit Concepts

D3.5, 3.2, 3.4, 3.6, 3.9, 3.11, 3.15,3.17, 3.22, 3.25, 3.26, 3.27)
Assign #2— Transformers
D4.2, D4.4, D4.6, D4.7, D4.8, 4.1, 4.3, 4.5, 4.15, 4.16, 4.17, 4.19, 4.24, 4.26, 4.31, 4.32, 4.35
Assign #3— Transmission Line
9.21, 9.22, 9.24, 9.28, 9.30, 9.33, 9.35, 9.36
Assign #4— Power Flow
10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.8
Assign #5— Fault Analysis
11.1, 11.2, 11.10, 11.11, 11.12, 11.15, 11.16, 11.17
Tutorials
• A number of problems will be assigned every week.
• A subset of the assigned problems will be solved during tutorials in the following week.
• The solutions to the assigned problems will be made available on the course web page
following the last tutorial session of the week.

Laboratory Studies
Lab Study – 1: 3-phase ac circuits (LS-1)
Lab Study – 2: Power system components and voltage compensation (LS-2)
Lab Study – 3: Power flow analysis using computers (LS-3)
• Pre-lab questions must be answered and submitted before the beginning of the
respective lab sessions by individual student.
• Lab experiments will be performed in groups of 3-4 (maximum) students.
• Lab reports are due one week after the day of your scheduled laboratory.
• Submit one report per group.
• Lab schedules and Lab handouts are picked up at the time of sign up.

Lab Sign up: CPH 1333, September 10-13, 9:30 a.m.-2:30 p.m.

Examinations
The course has one midterm examinations and one final examination.
All of the examinations are closed book but a formula sheet is provided:
You may use a calculator (not containing stored text or programs) on the exams.

Marking Scheme
Item Weight
Midterm Examination 25
Final Examination 50 (see note 1)
Quizzes 5
LS-1 6
LS-2 7
LS-3 7
Total 100

Note 1: If you obtain less than 50% on the written exams, the final grade will be based on the
written exams only.
 E&CE 261
(F,S)
E&CE 261 Energy Systems 3C 1T 3L* 0.5
2AE January 1998

Calendar Description:
Energy resources and electric power generation. Power system structure: generation, transmission, and
distribution. Power system components: generators, transformers, transmission lines, and circuit breakers.
Power system analysis: power flow, active and reactive power controls, fault analysis and protection, power
system stability.
Prerequisite: E&CE 100 or ME 123
*Alternate weeks
Detailed Description: Lectures
1. Basic AC circuit concepts: 3
Phasor analysis. Active, reactive, and complex powers. Balanced and unbalanced 3-phase ac circuits.
Three-phase power measurements.

2. Energy resources and electric power generation: 3

Energy resources. Conventional methods of electric energy generation: thermal power plant,
hydroelectric power plant, nuclear power plant. Alternative methods of electric energy generation:
magnetohydrodynamic plant, thermal converter, thermionic converter, Fuel cell, solar power plant,
tidal power plant.

3. Power system structure: 3

Generating system, transmission system, distribution system, electric load characteristics.

4. Power system components: 9

Generators: operating principles, models. Transformers: single-phase transformer equivalent circuits,
determination of equivalent circuit parameters, efficiency and regulation. Transmission line:
parameters, models, efficiency, and regulation. Circuit breakers: role, mechanism of operation, types.

4. Distribution systems: 3
Electrical network models of distribution systems, residential circuits and wiring, safety issues.

5. Power system analysis: 3

Scope: power flow analysis, fault analysis, transient stability analysis. Power system modeling, one-
line diagram, per unit quantities.
a) Power flow: 3
Power flow concepts, formulation of the problem, classification of buses, power flow solutions,
control of active and reactive powers.
b) Fault Analysis: 6
Three-phase symmetrical fault analysis. Power system protection: Elements of protection
systems, protection zones, primary and backup protection, protection system requirements,
protective relays, application of protection systems.
c) Stability: 3
An introduction to steady-state and transient stability.
36
Laboratory Experiments:
There are 3 experiments on: three-phase ac circuits, power system components and voltage compensation,
and power flow analysis using computers.