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Introduction
The equations are most accurate for relatively heavy impacting masses
moving at low velocities on impact.
Notation
V = Velocity (m/s)
β = Constant = A
Sqrt(wEg/W) - see text
Important note: The notes below represent a very simple view of the
loading condition and do not consider more real case involving shock
waves being propagated through the loaded member or the moving
mass
The support bar has a length l (m), an Area A (m2 ) With a modulus of
elasticity E (N/m2 )
In practice the weight would impact onto the support which would
elastically deform until all of the potential energy has been
absorbed. The support would then contract initiating damped
oscillations until the system assumes a stable static position. The
equations below determine the initial maximum deformation which
provides the most highly stressed condition.
Pmax = k δmax
and the resultant maximum stress =
σmax = Pmax/ A
This may be expressed as
For the calculation of the stress due to a suddenly applied load with h =
0
σmax = 2 σst
Linear impact deflections and stresses (kinetic impacts )
Important note: The notes below represent a very simple view of the
loading condition and do not consider more real case involving shock
waves being propagated through the loaded member or the moving
mass
Impact loads based pimarily on kinetic energy e.g horizontal impacts are
treated slightly differently. For these applications the kinetic energy is
converted into stored energy due to elasticity of the resisting element.
The kinetic energy of the mass Mv2 /2 is transformed into stored energy
in the support.
Noting that the static deflection = Wl/AE this equation can be written
The equivalent maximum stress =
Noting that the static deflection = Wl/AE this equation can be written
Beams
and
1) A moving mass M striking axially one end of a bar of mass M1. The
other end of the bar being fixed...
If the mass of the moving body is very large compared to the mass of
the bar the wave of compression bounces back from the far end of the
bar as a wave of tension and returns to the struck end after a time
period .
t p = 2L / V
If the mass of the moving body is very large compared to the bar so that
it can be considered infinite then after breaking contact the moving bar
will move away from the impacting mass with a velocity of vb= 2v. The
moving bar will be stress free.
μ
If the mass of the impinging body is time the mass of the bar then the
bar will move away with an average velocity of
Impacts considering propagation of shock waves- bar with one end supported
For the case of a bar with one end fixed , the wave of compressive
stress resulting from the impact on the unsupported end is reflected
back unchanged from the supported (fixed end) and combines with the
advancing waves to produce a maximum stress approximately equal to..