Merlin Gerin Sepam 1000+

Protection
and control
Sepam range
Sepam 1000+
Substation
Transformer
Motor
Busbar
n
Io
ff
0o
SF6
t
ex
n
>51
Io>
51n
Io>
1
I>5
Trip
2A
16
= 61A
on
I1
MERLIN GERIN
1
= 63A
I2 1
= %
I3 2 et
= res
HD
ar
cle
T
RIN
GE
R LIN 0
MEm 10
0
a
sep
Presentation
Contents page
presentation / description 2
selection table 6
metering 7
protection 8
control and monitoring 10
functional and connection schemes 11
communication 16
metering and protection functions 20
control and monitoring functions 54
parameter and protection settings 58
characteristics 63
ordering information 68
Sepam 1000+ is a simple, reliable range of protection Diagnosis function

and metering units designed for the operation of The unit takes into account 3 levels of diagnostic information for better operation:
machines and the electrical distribution networks of c network diagnosis (tripping current, unbalance ratio, disturbance recording…),
industrial installations and utility substations for all c switchgear diagnosis (cumulative breaking current, operating time),
levels of voltage. c diagnosis of the protection unit and additional modules (self-testing results,
watchdog,…).
Sepam 1000+ provides you with: Control logic and monitoring
The unit includes programmed logic blocks to avoid the use of additional external
auxiliary relays, indication lights and corresponding wiring.
More solutions
A protection unit suited to each application
requirement, providing an optimum cost/function ratio.
More modularity
In order to adapt to the greatest number of application cases and allow subsequent
The Sepam 1000+ range includes different types installation upgrading, the unit has optional modules that may be added at any
of units for different applications: time:
c Sepam 1000+ S20: substation (incomers and c logic input/output module with parameterizable program logic,
feeders) protection, c communication,
c Sepam 1000+ T20: transformer protection, c temperature sensor module,
c Sepam 1000+ M20: motor protection, c analog output module.
c Sepam 1000+ B20: voltage metering and protection
functions for busbars.
More simplicity
More performances Installation
c Motor thermal protection setting based on machine manufacturer data.
Protections For integration in cubicles without any constraints, the unit can be installed:
Complete 3 phase (RMS current measurement) and c on the front panel of the cubicle, reduced depth (< 100 mm),
earth fault protection unit, including 4 relays divided c inside the cubicle low voltage compartment, with the UMI installed in the most
into 2 groups of 2 relays with a choice of tripping appropriate operation location,
curves, with switching from one group to the other c reduced steady state consumption (< 3.5 W) by the unit limits the sizing of
controlled by a logic input or remote control. auxiliary supply batteries.
c Earth fault protection insensitivity to transformer
closing. User-friendliness
c Detection of phase unbalance. User-friendly and high-performing software provides the PC computer resources
c RMS thermal protection which takes into account for Sepam 1000+ parameter setting and operation, such as:
external operating temperature and ventilation c uploading and downloading of setting files,
operating rates. c time setting in “TMS” (Time Multiplier Setting) or 10/Is mode,
c language change for operating menus and messages.
Logic discrimination
Sepam 1000+ utilizes logic discrimination, which Operation
ensures fast, selective overcurrent protection tripping All information such as metering, settings, events and disturbance records can be
without requiring the use of time intervals between accessed locally, or remotely via communication link.
upstream and downstream protection devices. Clarity of information
Communication c Clear indication of faults,
Totally compatible with MODBUS communication c Indication of the faulty phase by reading and storage of tripping currents on each
standard(1). phase,
Includes all the accessories and connectors c Real primary value display of variables (A, kA, V, kV),
necessary for a ready-to-use communication link. c Instant indication whenever a set point is exceeded.
User machine interface (UMI)
Several levels of UMI, totally parameterizable, including the operating language,
(1) for other protocols (IEC 870… consult us). are available according to the user’s needs.
Description
Flexible architecture
MES 108 module (1) ACE 949 module (1)

4 logic outputs, communication
4 logic inputs network interface
or MES 114 (1)
4 logic outputs,
10 logic inputs
Sepam1000+
base unit
n
Io
ff
0o
6
SF
t
ex
Io>
>51
n
CCA 612
51n
Io>
1
I>5
Trip
2A
on 16 A
6 1 =
I1 1
= 63A
I2 1
= %
I3 2 res
et
CCA 772
=
HD ar
cle
T
MET 148 module (1)

8 temperature
sensor inputs
IN
GER
RL IN00
MEam 1 0
sep
CCA 783
CCA 770
MSA 141 module (1)

1 analog output
SFT 2841
parameter setting
and operation
software
SFT 2826 disturbance

recording restoring
software
(1) Optional additional module.

Description (cont’d)
Front panel
Sepam 1000+ has two levels of UMI (User machine
interface) suited to each operating requirement:
“Standard UMI”
on Trip I>51 Io>51N Io>>51N ext SF6 0 off I on
This UMI includes:
c 2 signal lamps indicating Sepam operating status:
v green “on” indicator: device on,
v red “wrench” indicator: device unavailable
(initialization phase or detection of an internal failure),
c 9 parameterizable yellow signal lamps equipped reset
with standard text label (the SFT 2841 software may
be used to print a customized label on a laser printer),
c “reset” button for clearing faults and resetting,
c 1 connection port for the RS232 link with the PC
(CCA783 cord), the port is protected by a sliding
cover.
This UMI offers a low-cost solution for installations
that do no require local operation (run from a remote
control and monitoring system) or to replace
electromechanical or analog electronic protection
devices without any additional operating
requirements.
“Fixed advanced UMI” on Trip I>51 Io>51N Io>>51N ext SF6 0 off I on
In addition to the standard UMI functions, this version

provides:
c a “graphic” LCD display for the display of
measurements, parameter/protection settings and 1
alarm and operating messages. I1 = 162A
The number of lines, size of characters and symbols I2 = 161A 2
is in accordance to screens and language versions.
c a 9-key keypad with two modes of use: I3 = 163A
White keys for current operation: 3
1 display of measurements,
2 display of “switchgear, network diagnosis” data,
3 display of alarm messages,
4 clearing of alarms and resetting, clear reset
5 acknowledgment of alarms.
Blue keys for parameter and protection setting:
7 access to protection settings,
8 access to Sepam parameter settings, 9 8 7 6 5 4
9 used to enter the 2 passwords required to change
protection and parameter settings.
The “ ↵, s, t ” keys ( 4 , 5 , 6 ) are used to navigate
in the menus and to scroll and accept the values
displayed. Remote “advanced UMI”
6 “lamp test” keys: This UMI may be added to the Sepam base unit via prefabricated CCA 770,
switching on sequence of all the signal lamps. CCA 772 or CCA 774 cords (depending on the distance).
This UMI is an optimum solution for local operation With reduced depth and the same functions as the fixed version, it may be installed
facilitated by clear legibility data content and access. on the front panel of the cubicle in the most appropriate location for operation.
“Expert UMI”
This UMI is available as a complement to the
Standard or Advanced UMI on the screen of a PC
equipped with the SFT2841 software package and
connected to the RS232 link on the front panel of the
Sepam (operating in a Windows > V95 or NT
version).
All the data used for the same task is grouped
together in the same screen to facilitate operation.
Menus and icons are used to provide fast, direct
access to the information.
Current operation
c display of all metering and operating data,
c display of alarm messages with the time format
(date, hour, mn, s),
c display of diagnostic data such as:
v tripping current,
v number of switchgear operations and cumulative
breaking current,
c display of all protection and parameter settings,
c display of the logic status of inputs, outputs and
signal lamps. e.g. measurement display screen (Sepam S20).
This UMI offers the solution suited to occasional local
operation or for demanding personnel who require
fast access to all the information.
Parameter - protection settings (1)

c display and setting of all the parameters of each
protection function on the same page,
c program logic parameter setting, parameter setting
of general installation and Sepam data,
c input data may be prepared ahead of time and
transferred into the corresponding Sepam units in a
single operation (downloading function).
Main functions performed by SFT2841:
c changing of passwords,
c entry of general parameters (ratings, integration
period, …),
c entry of protection settings,
c changing of program logic assignments,
c enabling/disabling of functions,
c saving of files.
Saving
c protection and parameter setting data may be
saved,
c printing of reports is possible as well.
This UMI may also be used to recover disturbance
recording files and provide graphic display using the
SFT2826 software package.
Operating assistance e.g. phase overcurrent protection setting screen.

Access from all the screens to a help function which
contains all the technical data required for Sepam
installation and use.
modes available via 2 passwords (protection setting level,

(1)
parameter setting level).

Selection table
Sepam 1000+
functions type of Sepam
substation transformer motor busbar
protection ANSI code S20 T20 M20 B20
phase overcurrent (1) 50/51 4 4 4
earth fault (or neutral) (1) 50N/51N 4 4 4
unbalance / negative sequence 46 1 1 1
thermal overload 49 RMS 2 2
phase undercurrent 37 1
excessive starting time, locked rotor 48/51LR 1
starts per hour 66 1
positive sequence undervoltage 27D/47 2
remanent undervoltage 27R 1
phase-to-phase undervoltage 27 2
phase-to-phase overvoltage 59 2
neutral voltage displacement 59N 2
overfrequency 81H 1
underfrequency 81L 2
recloser (4 cycles) 79 v
thermostat / Buchholz v
temperature monitoring (2) 38/49T v v
metering
phase current I1, I2, I3 RMS c c c
residual current Io c c c
average current I1, I2, I3 c c c
peak demand phase current IM1, IM2, IM3 c c c
line voltage U21, U32, U13 c
phase voltage V1, V2, V3 c
residual voltage Vo c
positive sequence voltage Vd / rotation direction c
frequency c
temperature measurement (2) v v
network diagnosis
tripping current I1, I2, I3, Io c c c
unbalance ratio / negative sequence current c c c
running hours counter c c
thermal capacity used c c
remaining operating time before c c
overload tripping
waiting time after overload tripping c c
starting current and time c
start inhibit time delay, c
number of starts before inhibition
disturbance recording c c c c
switchgear diagnosis
cumulative breaking current2 c c c
trip circuit supervision v v v
number of operations v v v
operating time v v v
charging time v v v
self-diagnosis
watchdog c c c c
output relay test (3) v v v v
control and monitoring
circuit breaker / contactor control (4) v v v
trip circuit supervision v v v
logic discrimination v v v
4 addressable logic outputs c c c c
additional modules
MET 148 module – 8 temperature sensor outputs v v
MSA 141 module – 1 low level analog output v v v v
MES 108 module – (4I/4S) or MES 114 module – (10I/4O) v v v v
ACE 949 module – RS485 communication interface v v v v
c standard, v according to parameter setting and MES 108 or MES 114 input/output module options.
(1)
4 relays with the possibility of logic discrimination or switching from one 2-relay group of settings to another 2-relay group.
(2)
with MET 148 sensor option, 2 set points per sensor.
(3)
with advanced UMI option only.
(4)
for shunt trip unit or undervoltage release coil according to parameter setting.
Metering
Presentation Switchgear diagnosis assistance measurements

These measurements are to be compared with the data supplied by the switchgear
manufacturer.
Sepam 1000+ displays the measurements required
for operation. Cumulative breaking current
The values are displayed as primary values with The displayed value may be used to evaluate the state of the circuit breaker poles.
the related units: A, V, Hz, °C, °F, …
Operating time, charging time
Currents Measures the device operating time. These data may be used to evaluate the state
c RMS measurement of the circuit’s 3 phase currents. of the pole and operating mechanism.
c Residual current measurement.
Number of operations
Average currents and peak demand currents Cumulative breaker opening number.
Measurement of the average current on each of the 3
phases. Running hours counter
Measurement of the greatest average current on each Cumulative time during which the protected equipment (motor or transformer)
of the 3 phases. is on load. The cumulative value is displayed in hours (0 to 65535 h) and saved
The peak demand currents give the current every 6 hours. The “clear” key is used for resetting to zero in parameter setting
consumed at the time of peak loads. mode.
The average current is calculated over a period that
may be parameterized from 5 to 60 mn. The “clear”
key is used to reset the peak demand currents to zero Characteristics
when they are on the display.
metering functions ranges accuracy (1)
Tripping currents ammeter
Storage of the greatest average value of the 3 phase phase current 0.1 to 1.5 In (2) typically ±1% (4)
currents and earth current at the time Sepam gave residual current 0.1 to 1.5 Ino (3) ±5%
the last tripping order, to provide the fault breaking peak demand current 0.1 to 1.5 In (2)
typically ±1%
current (fault analysis).
tripping current phase 0.1 to 40 In (2)
±5%
These values are stored until the next trip order
is given. earth 0.1 to 20 In (3)
±5%
thermal capacity used 0 to 300% (5) (4)
Unbalance ratio / negative sequence current

unbalance ratio 10 to 500% Ib (6)
±2%
Calculation of negative sequence current based on
(negative sequence current)
I1, I2 and I3. The value is displayed as a percentage
of the basis current Ib. voltmeter voltages 0.05 to 1.2 Unp (7)
typically ±1%
(phase or line) or Vnp (8) (4)
Thermal capacity used voltmeter positive 0.05 to 1.5 Vnp (8)

±2%
Measurement of the relative capacity used by the sequence voltage
load.
voltmeter 0.015 to 3 Vnp (8) ±5%
It is displayed as a percentage of the nominal thermal
residual voltage
capacity.
frequency meter 50 Hz / 60 Hz ± 5 Hz ±0.05 Hz (4)
Voltages temperature - 30 °C to + 200 °C (9) ±1 °C (4)
c Measurement of phase-to-neutral voltages V1, V2

operating time 20 to 100 ms typically ±1 ms
and V3.
c Calculation or measurement of phase-to-phase loading time 1 to 20 sec ±0.5 sec
voltages U21, U32 and U13. running hours counter 0 to 65535 h ±1% or ±0,5 h
c Calculation of positive sequence voltage Vd.
metering transducer (4)
c Calculation of residual voltage Vo.
4-20 mA ±0,5%
Frequency: measurement of frequency.
0-20 mA
0-10 mA
Temperature
Measurement of the temperature of each sensor. general parameters
frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz ± 1 Hz
Motor operation assistance function
current transformer CT 1 A or 5 A I1, I2, I3
Motor starting current and time
I1, I3
Measurement of the maximum current consumed by
voltage transformer VT : 100, 110, 115, 120 V V1, V2, V3
the motor during a starting sequence as well as the
U21, U32
time taken to reach the basis current value.
U21
Start inhibit time delay / number of starts before VT 230 V V1, V2, V3
inhibition (1)
in reference conditions (IEC 60255-4), typically at In or Un
Indicates the remaining number of starts allowed (2)
In: CT primary rated current
by the starts per hour protection. Indicates the waiting (3)
Ino: CSH core balance CT input rating or core balance CT primary rated current (setting from
time before starting is allowed, taking into account 1 to 6250Amps)
the starts per hour and thermal overload protections.
(4)
measurements available in analog format according to parameter setting and MSA 141 module
(5)
100% is the thermal capacity used of the equipment being protected
under its rated load: I = Ib
Remaining operating time before overload tripping (6)
Ib: base current of the equipment being protected
Indicates the time remaining before tripping (7)
Unp: primary rated phase-to-phase voltage (setting from 220V to 250KV)
by the thermal overload protection. (8)
Vnp: primary phase-to-neutral voltage, Vnp = (Unp/e)
(9)
Protections
Phase overcurrent (ANSI 50/51) An additional setting may be used to adapt the protection to the motor thermal
Three-phase protection against overloads and phase- withstand given by the hot and cold experimental curves given by the equipment
to-phase short-circuits. The protection comprises four manufacturer.
units: The thermal protection may be inhibited by a logic input when this is required
c IDMT or definite time, by the process running conditions.
c instantaneous or time-delayed.
Different IDMT protection curves: standard inverse, Phase undercurrent (ANSI 37)
very inverse, extremely inverse, ultra inverse, long Protection of pumps against the consequences of a loss of priming.
time inverse (LTI) and RI curve. The protection detects time-delayed current drops that correspond to motor
Each set point has a reset time setting (by an no-load operation, characteristic of the loss of pump prime.
adjustable timer hold with definite time characteristic) Excessive starting time / locked rotor / (ANSI 48/51LR) (1)
that allows restriking faults to be detected. Protection of motors that are liable to start with overloads or insufficient supply
Earth fault (ANSI 50/51N or 50/51G) voltage and/or that drive loads that are liable to jam (e.g. crushers).
Connection and equipment earth fault protection. The locked rotor function is an overcurrent protection that is only confirmed after
Earth faults may be detected by: a time delay that corresponds to the normal starting time.
c current transformers on the three phases, Starts per hour (ANSI 66) (1)
c a current transformer (1 A or 5 A), combined with a Protection against overheating caused by too frequent starts.
CSH30 interposing ring CT, Checking of the number of:
c a special core balance CT, CSH120 or CSH200, c starts per hour,
according to the required diameter; this method c consecutive starts.
provides the highest sensitivity. The protection inhibits motor energizing for a preset time period when the
Selection between two ratings (2 A and 20 A) provide permissible limits have been reached.
a very wide setting range.
The protection comprises four units: Recloser (ANSI 79)
c IDMT or definite time, Automation device used to reclose the circuit breaker after tripping triggered by a
c instantaneous or time-delayed. transient fault on a line (the function includes 4 parameterizable reclosing cycles).
The characteristic curves are the same as those for Thermostat, Buchholz (temperature, gas and pressure detector)
the phase current overcurrent protection. Protection of transformers against temperature rises and internal faults via logic
Each set point has a reset time setting (by an inputs linked to devices integrated in the equipment.
adjustable timer hold with definite time characteristic)
Temperature monitoring (RTDs) (ANSI 38/49T)
that allows restriking faults to be detected.
Protection against abnormal overheating of motor windings and/or bearings
Each set point has a 2 nd harmonic restraint in order equipped with RTD’s.
to ensure stability during transformer energisation. The protection includes 2 independent set points that are adjustable for each RTD.
Negative sequence / unbalance (ANSI 46) Overvoltage (ANSI 59)
Protection against phase unbalance. Protection against abnormally high voltage or checking that there is sufficient
Sensitive protection against 2-phase faults on long voltage for power supply changeover (set point 1) and checking of phase-to-phase
feeders. voltages U32 and U21 (set point 2).
Protection of equipment against temperature build-up
caused by an unbalanced supply or wrong phase Positive sequence undervoltage (ANSI 27D), (ANSI 47)
rotation or the loss of a phase and against low levels Motor protection against malfunctioning due to insufficient or unbalanced supply
of phase-to-phase overcurrent. voltage. Detection of phase rotation. In order for this protection to be used, voltage
IDMT or definite time characteristics. transformers must be connected to Sepam to measure U21 and U32.
Thermal overload (ANSI 49) Remanent undervoltage (ANSI 27R)

Protection of equipment against thermal damage Monitoring of the clearing of voltage sustained by rotating machines after circuit
caused by overloads. opening. The protection is used to prevent transient electrical and mechanical
phenomena that are caused by fast re-energizing of motors.
The thermal capacity used is calculated according to It monitors phase-to-phase voltage U21 or phase-to-neutral voltage V1.
a mathematical model which takes into account:
c RMS current values, Phase-to-phase undervoltage (ANSI 27)
c measurement of winding temperatures and ambient Protection used either for automated functions (transfer, load shedding) or to
temperature. protect motors against undervoltage. The protection monitors the drop in each of
The function comprises: the phase-to-phase voltages being metered.
c an adjustable trip setting, Neutral voltage displacement (ANSI 59N)
c an adjustable start enable setting, Detection of insulation faults in ungrounded systems by measurement of neutral
c a fixed alarm setting. voltage displacement. The protection is generally used with transformer incomers
v transformer application. or busbars.
The model takes into account the transformer heat The function includes 2 set points.
rise and cooling time constants according to whether
natural or forced ventilation is used (ONAN, ONAF) Overfrequency (ANSI 81H)
by logic input. Protection against abnormally high frequency.
v motor application.
– two time constants: the heat rise time constant, Underfrequency (ANSI 81L)
used when the motor is running, and the cooling time Detection of variances with respect to the rated frequency, in order to maintain
constant, used when the motor is stopped, a high quality power supply. The protection may be used for overall tripping
– effect of negative sequence current on rotor or for load shedding.
heating.
(1)
possibility of motor re-acceleration to be taken into account by a logic input.
Setting ranges
functions settings time delays
phase overcurrent (1)
rated current (In) 1 A to 6250 A
curve DT, SIT, VIT, LTI, EIT, UIT, RI
definite time 0.3 to 24 In inst.; 0.05 s to 300 s
IDMT 0.3 to 2.4 In 0.1 s to 12.5 s at 10 Is
earth fault (1) type of sensors
rated current (Ino) 1 A to 6250 A
curve DT, SIT, VIT, LTI, EIT, UIT, RI
definite time 0.1 to 15 Ino Σ 3 I ph inst.; 0.05 s to 300 s
0.2 to 30 A CSH 2 A rating
2 to 300 A CSH 20 A rating
0.1 to 15 Ino 1 / 5 A CT or core balance CT (2)
inverse time 0.1 to 1 Ino Σ 3 I ph 0.1 s to 12.5 s at 10 Iso
0.2 to 2 A CSH 2 A rating
2 to 20 A CSH 20 A rating
0.1 to 1 Ino 1 / 5 A CT or core balance CT (2)
negative sequence / unbalance
definite time 0.1 to 5 Ib 0.1 s to 300 s
IDMT 0.1 to 0.5 Ib 0.1 s to 1 s
thermal overload rate 1 rate 2
negative sequence factor 0 - 2.25 - 4.5 - 9
time constant heat rise T1: 5 to 120 mn T1: 5 to 120 mn
cooling T2: 5 to 600 mn T2: 5 to 600 mn
alarm; tripping 50 to 300% of rated thermal capacity used
cold curve change factor 0 to 100%
rate change condition by IS setting 0.25 to 8 Ib (motor)
by logic input I26 (transformer)
max. equipment temperature 60 to 200 °C
phase undercurrent
0.1 to 1 Ib 0.05 s to 300 s
excessive starting time/ locked rotor
0.5 Ib to 5 Ib ST start time 0.5 s to 300 s
LT time delay 0.05 s to 300 s
starts per hour
1 to 60 per hour
1 to 60 consecutive time between starts 1 to 60 mn
temperature (RTDs)
0 to 180 °C (or 32 to 356°F)
phase-to-phase overvoltage
50 to 150% of Unp 0.05 s to 300 s
positive sequence undervoltage
30 to 100% of Vnp (Unp/e) 0.05 s to 300 s
remanent undervoltage
5 to 100% of Unp 0.05 s to 300 s
phase-to-phase undervoltage
5 to 100% of Unp 0.05 s to 300 s
neutral voltage displacement
2 to 80% of Unp 0.05 s to 300 s
overfrequency
50 to 53 Hz or 60 to 63 Hz 0.1 s to 300 s
underfrequency
set point 1 and set point 2 45 to 50 Hz or 55 to 60 Hz 0.1 s to 300 s
Note: In current, Unp rated voltage and Ino current are general parameters that are set at the time of Sepam commissioning. They are given as the values
on the metering transformer primary windings.
In is the current sensor rated current (CT rating), (adjustable from 1 to 6250Amps)
Unp is the rated phase-to-phase voltage of the voltage sensor primary windings.(adjustable from 220V to 250KV)
Ino is the core balance CT current rating,
Ib is the current which corresponds to the motor power rating, adjustable from 0.4 to 1.3 In.
The current, voltage and frequency values are set by direct entry of the values (resolution: 1 A, 1 V, 1 Hz, 1°C or F).
(1)
adjustable timer hold definite time: 0; 0.05 to 300 s.
(2)
with ACE 990 interface for core balance CT with ratio n of 50 to 1500 turns.
Control and monitoring
Sepam 1000+ performs the basic control and Logic discrimination (ANSI 68)
monitoring functions necessary for the operation of This function allows quick, selective tripping of the phase overcurrent and earth
the electrical network, thereby reducing the need for fault protection relays, whether definite time or IDMT, without requiring the use of
auxiliary relays. time intervals between upstream and downstream protection devices. The
The control and monitoring functions may be downstream relay transmits a blocking input signal if the protection devices’ set
parameterized using the SFT 2841 software package, points are exceeded.
however each type of Sepam has parameter setting The upstream relay receives the blocking input signal on the logic input, used for
by default which allows easier commissioning in the the inhibition function. A saving mechanism ensures the operation of the protection
most frequent cases of use. in the event of an inhibition link failure.
Breaking device control Annunciation (ANSI 30)

Sepam is used to control breaking devices equipped Sepam indicates the appearance of alarms by:
with different types of closing and tripping coils: c signal lamps on the front panel,
c circuit breakers with shunt trip or undervoltage trip c messages on the display.
units (parameter setting on front panel (1) or via The addressing of the signal lamps may be parameterized.
SFT 2841),
The sequence is as follows (advanced UMI):
c latching contactors with shunt-trip units.
c when an event appears, the signal lamp goes on and the related message is
Output relay control (standard or fail-safe) may be displayed,
set. c the user presses the “ clear” key to erase the message,
By default, the program logic is adapted to control a c after the fault disappears and the “reset” key is pressed, the signal lamp goes off
circuit breaker with a shunt trip unit. and/or the message is erased and the protection is reset.
Open and close control via the communication link. Parameterizable output relays may be activated for remote annunciation.
Latching / acknowledgment (ANSI 86) Remote annunciation

Output relay latching may be parameterized. Latched Used to remote information via the communication link.
tripping orders are stored and must be acknowledged Information such as circuit breaker position, SF6 fault alarm, etc.
in order for the device to be put back into service.
The user acknowledges via the keypad or remotely Trip circuit supervision
via a logic input or the communication link. Detects trip circuit faults (shunt trip units). Detects open/closed position
discrepancy faults (undervoltage trip units).
Inhibit closing (ANSI 69)
Sepam inhibits closing of the circuit breaker or Watchdog
contactor according to operating conditions. Indicates Sepam unavailability.
This function is implemented by appropriate wiring
of the closing coil. Output relay testing
This function is used to activate each output relay (1)
.
Inhibit thermal protection
Used for forced starting of a motor after thermal
protection tripping via a logic input.
List of main messages (1)
Re-acceleration functions messages (2)
Allows a logic input to take into account the restarting

overcurrent PHASE FAULT
of an unstopped motor.
earth fault Io FAULT
Remote tripping thermal overload THERMAL TRIP
Circuit breakers or contactors may be remote- THERMAL ALARM
controlled via a logic input or via the communication
negative sequence / unbalance UNBALANCE
link.
locked rotor LOCKED ROTOR
Remote control enable excessive starting time LONG START
Allows a logic input to take into account the circuit
breaker control mode remotely via the communication starts per hour START INHIBIT
link. undercurrent UNDERCURRENT
overvoltage OVERVOLTAGE
Switching of settings groups
Used to switch from one group of overcurrent and undervoltage UNDERVOLTAGE
earth fault settings to another group of settings. positive sequence undervoltage UNDERVOLTAGE
The switch may be made via logic input I13 or neutral voltage displacement Vo FAULT
via the communication link. overfrequency OVER FREQ.
underfrequency UNDER FREQ.
temperature OVER TEMP
thermostat (3) THERMOSTAT
Buchholz (3)
BUCHHOLZ
recloser PERMANENT FAULT
recloser CLEARED FAULT
(1)
Sepam equipped with advanced UMI or SFT 2841.
(2)
messages by default, the wording of the messages may be changed (please consult us).
(3)
or Temperature, gas, pressure detector)
Functional and connection schemes
S20 / T20 / M20 types L1

L2
L3
5
O1
4
8
O2
7
S20 T20 M20

4 11
B 46 46 37 O3
1 10
50 49 46
5 51 50 49
79 51 50
2 50N 51 15
50N O4
51N 51N 66 14
6
50N 13
3 51N
51LR
1
A +/~
2
–/~
17
18
19
C to communication
communication network
interface
D
to optional
modules
L1 L2 L3
4
B
1
5
2
6
3
* A
CSH30
18
19
Other connection scheme

* 2 turns for 1 Amp CT,
4 turns for 5 Amps CT.
Functional and connection schemes (cont’d)
B20 type L1
L2
L3
B20
B 27 A
47
59
1 27D
2 27R 5
3 59N O1
81H 4
4
81L
5
6 8
O2
7 7
8
(1) 11
O3
10
15
O4
14
13
1
+/~
2
–/~
17
C to communication
communication network
interface
D
to optional
modules
(1)
this connection is used to calculate residual voltage.
Other connection schemes
Phase current L1 L2 L3
Connection of 2 current transformers. 4

B
1
5
2
6
3
Residual current 3 (L1, L2, L3) 3 (L1, L2, L3)
c Connection of CSH interposing ring CTs to 1 A

current transformers:
1 A CT: 2 turns
make 2 turns through the CSH primary winding. 5 A CT 5 A CT : 4 turns
c Connection of CSH interposing ring CTs to 5 A
current transformers:
make 4 turns through the CSH primary winding.
A A
(wiring combined with parameter setting of the type core balance CT:
CSH
of CT and its rated current). 18 n turns S1 18
c Connection of the ACE 990 interface to the core ACE
balance CT with ratio n of 50 to 1500 turns. 19 990
S2 19
Phase voltage L1
L2
L1
L2
Connection of a voltage transformer: L3 L3
(does not allow use of positive sequence
undervoltage or neutral voltage displacement
protections or measurement of residual and positive
sequence voltages).
Connection of 2 voltage transformers in V
arrangement (does not allow use of neutral voltage B B
1 1
displacement or measurement of residual voltage). 2
2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
Phase and residual voltages L1

L2
Broken delta connection of voltage transformers for L3
residual voltage measurement.
B
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Logic inputs and outputs
The Sepam 1000+ base unit has 4 outputs. base A MES108 L MES114 L
The 4 basic outputs may be extended as an option O11

2
O11
2
3 3
by the addition of an MES module which is available 5
O1
in 2 versions: 4
O12
5
O12
5
6 6
c MES 108 (4 outputs, 4 inputs)
c MES 114 (4 outputs, 10 inputs) O2
8
8 8
7 O13
9 O13
9
The assignment of the inputs and outputs may be set
using the SFT 2841 software package (1). 11 O14
11
O14
11
O3 12 12
10
N.B. The inputs are potential-free, the DC supply 15

M M
1
I11
1 2
is external. O4
14 I11
2
13 I12
4
I12
4 5
5
7
1 7 I13
8
+/~ I13
2 8
–/~ 10
17 10 I14
11
I14
11
K
1
I21
2
6
Rear view of the MES 114 (MES 108) module I22
I23 7
I24 8
I25 9
12 10
O14 I26 5
11 4
9 O13
8
6 O12 Wiring for shunt trip unit and trip circuit Wiring for undervoltage trip unit and
5
supervision. open/closed discrepancy fault
3 O11 monitoring.
2
A D A
L 5 5
O1 + O1 +
_ _
4 4 D
M M
1 1
I11 I11
11 10
10 I14 I26 2 2
I25 9
I12 4 I12 4
8 I24 8
5 5
7 I13 I23 7
I22 6
5 5
4 I12 4
(1)
Special parameter setting and wiring are required for the use of certain control
2 2
1 I11 I21 and monitoring functions:
1
M K outputs
O1 tripping
O2 inhibit closing
O4 watchdog
O11 close control
inputs
I11 open position
I12 closed position
I13 logic discrimination / switching of settings groups /
I14 Line switch off / external reset
I21 external tripping 1 / Modbus synchronization
I22 external tripping 2/ motor re-acceleration
I23 external tripping 3 / alarm
I24 alarm / end of loading mechanism
I25 remote control enable / SF6 .1
I26 Recloser inhibit / change of thermal rate / Thermal protection inhibit /
SF6 .2
Connection of optional modules
Remote modules
Remote UMI (DSM 303) Temperature sensor inputs (MET 148)
DSM 303 1 A MET 148 B 1

n°1 2 2 n°5
3 3
Da
4 4
n°2 5 5 n°6
6 6
7 7
n°3 8 8 n°7
9 9
Analog output (MSA 141)
10 10
n°4 11 11 n°8
1 A MSA 141 12 12
2 Da
Rc
3 + Da
Dd
Dd
Rc < 600 W wiring included.
Sepam 1000 +
CCA 772
A
MET 148 module

Dd
Da
MERLIN GERIN
IN
CCA 772
GERIN
LIN00 GER
MEpRamL10IN
(or CCA 774)
MseERam 10
sep
00
CCA 770
Dd
Da
remote UMI
DSM 303
Wiring of inter-module links:
The different module connection combinations are
made possible by the use of prefabricated cords MSA 141 module
which come in 3 different lengths:
c CCA 770 (L = 0.6 m).
c CCA 772 (L = 2 m).
c CCA 774 (L = 4 m).
The modules are linked by these cords which provide
the power supply and act as functional links with the
Sepam unit (D connector to Da connector, …).
The total length of the inter-module link should not be
greater than 10 m, and the DSM 303 module may
only be connected at the end of the link.
Communication
Modbus communication (Jbus profile) may be used Other functions

to connect the Sepam units to a remote monitoring c Sepam configuration and identification reading,
and control system equipped with a master Modbus c Time-tagging of events (synchronization by network or externally via logic
communication channel with an RS 485 type physical input I21), tagging of events within a millisecond accuracy,
link. c Remote reading of Sepam protection settings (remote reading),
c Remote setting of protections (remote setting),
c Transfer of disturbance recorded data.
Functions supported by
Modbus communication Supervision zone
Sepam’s Modbus protocol supports 11 functions: This zone includes all the data used by the remote monitoring and control system
c function 1: reading of n output or internal bits, and may be accessed in a single reading operation.
c function 2: reading of n input bits,
c function 3: reading of n output or internal words,
c function 4: reading of n input words,
c function 5: reading of 1 bit,
c function 6: reading of 1 word,
Characteristics
c function 7: high-speed reading of 8 bits, type of transmission asynchronous serial
c function 8: reading of diagnosis counters, protocol Modbus slave
c function 11: reading of event counters,
c function 15: writing of n bits, rate 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400 bauds
c function 16: writing of n words. data format 1 start, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop
1 start, 8 bits, even parity, 1 stop
The following exception codes are supported:
1 start, 8 bits, odd parity, 1 stop
c 1: unknown function code,
c 2: incorrect address, electrical interface 2-wire differential, complies with EIA
c 7: not acknowledged (remote reading and setting). RS 485 standard
maximum distance 250 m
number of bus-supplied Sepam units 25
on a line
Data available number of masters 1
The data available depends on the type of Sepam. type of connection screw terminals and tightening yokes/
shielding connection
Measurement readout
response time less than 15 ms
c Phase and earth fault currents,
c Peak demand phase currents,
c Tripping currents,
c Cumulative breaking current,
c Phase-to-phase, phase-to-neutral and residual Implementation of the Modbus network
voltages,
c Frequency, A set of adaptation accessories is used for dependable implementation of the
c Temperatures, communication network from both the electrical and environmental
c Thermal capacity used, (electromagnetic compatibility) viewpoints:
c Number of starts and inhibit time, c network connection interface (1) (ACE949),
c Running hours counter, c RS 485 / RS 232(ACE 909) or RS 485 / RS 485 converter (ACE 919) (2)
c Motor starting current and time, These accessories are used, among other things, to polarize and terminate the
c Remaining operating time before overload tripping, communication link.
c Waiting time after tripping,
c Operating time and number of operations,
circuit breaker loading time.
Program logic data readout

c A table of 64 preassigned remote indications (TS)
(depending on the type of Sepam) is used the status
of the program logic data.
c Reading the status of 10 digital inputs. (2)
(1)
Remote control orders
Writing of 16 impulse type remote control orders (TC)
in direct mode or in SBO (Select Before Operate) (3)
mode via 16 selection bits.
MERLIN GERIN MERLIN GERIN

MERLIN GERIN
ACE 949 accessory required for Sepam 1000+ connection including the Sepam interface
(1)
connection cable (3).

Communication interface RS485
network
A ACE 949
module (ACE 949) L- L+ V- V+

1
This module allows simple, dependable 2
implementation of the “2-wire” RS 485 link. 3
The power supply for the RS 485 communication 4
interfaces (ACE 949 opposite, items V- and V+) is
provided via the network cable by a single accessory
that may be used to connect up to 25 units. B
The bus-supplied network is wired using a shielded
cable that comprises 2 twisted pairs.
4
The characteristics of the cable recommended for 3
interconnecting the ACE 949 modules are as follows: 2
c twisted pair with tinned copper braid shielding, CCA 612
1 C to Sepam
coverage: > 65%,
c characteristic impedance: 120 Ω, L- L+ V- V+
c gauge: AWG 24, RS485
c resistance per unit length: < 100 Ω per km, network
c capacitance between conductors: < 60 pF per m,
c capacitance between conductor and shielding:
< 100 pF per m.
Example of compatible cable:
c supplier: BELDEN, reference: 9842
c supplier: FILOTEX, reference: FMA-2PS.
Each module is equipped with a 3-meter long CCA
612 prefabricated cable connected to the C output
of Sepam 1000+.
Communication (cont’d)
Remote indications and Assignment of remote indications

remote control orders TS use S20 T20 M20 B20
1 protection 50/51 relay 1 group A c c c
The communication link provides Sepam 1000+ with:
c 64 remote indications (TS) which correspond to the 2 protection 50/51 relay 2 group A c c c
different states of the protection and monitoring 3 protection 50/51 relay 1 group B c c c
functions. 4 protection 50/51 relay 2 group B c c c
c 16 remote control orders (TC) may be used to
5 protection 50N/51N relay 1 group A c c c
control certain circuit breaker functions.
6 protection 50N/51N relay 2 group A c c c
The remote indications (TS) and remote control
orders(TC) are pre-assigned according to the types of 7 protection 50N/51N relay 1 group B c c c
Sepam 1000+ in accordance with the chart opposite. 8 protection 50N/51N relay 2 group B c c c
c 10 digital inputs state. 9 protection 49 RMS relay 1 c c
10 protection 49 RMS relay 2 c c
Remote control mode
Remote control orders may be carried out in 2 modes 11 protection 37 (undercurrent) c
(chosen by overall parameter setting for all remote 12 protection 46 (neg. seq. / unbalance) c c c
control orders):
13 protection 48/51LR (locked rotor) c
c direct mode: the remote control order (TC,
transmitted command) is effective as soon as it is 14 protection 66 (starts per hour) c
received, 15 protection 27D (pos. seq. undervoltage) relay 1 c
c “SBO” (select before operate) mode. 16 protection 27D (pos. seq. undervoltage) relay 2 c
The SBO mode involves two steps:
v selection of the remote control order to be sent 17 protection 27 (ph.-to-ph. undervoltage) relay 1 c
(STC), 18 protection 27 (ph.-to-ph. undervoltage) relay 2 c
v checking by reading over the selection again, 19 protection 59 (ph.-to-ph. overvoltage) relay 1 c
v execution of the associated remote control order
20 protection 59 (ph.-to-ph. overvoltage) relay 2 c
(TC).
c remote control orders can be globally inhibited via 21 protection 59N (ph-to-n. overvoltage) relay 1 c
the I25 logic input according to the program logic 22 protection 59N (ph-to-n. overvoltage) relay 2 c
parameter setting.
23 protection 81H (overfrequency) c
24 protection 81L (underfrequency) relay 1 c
25 protection 81 L (underfrequency) relay 2 c
26 reserved
27 reserved
28 reserved
29 reserved
30 reserved
31 reserved
32 reserved
33 reserved
34 recloser in service c
35 recloser in progress c
36 recloser permanent trip c
37 recloser successful trip c
38 send blocking input c c c
39 remote setting inhibited c c c c
40 remote control inhibited c c c c
41 Sepam not reset after fault c c c c
42 remote control / position discrepancy c c c c
43 matching fault / trip circuit supervision c c c
44 disturbance recording record stored c c c c
45 control fault c c c
46 reserved
47 reserved
48 RTD fault c c
Assignment of remote indications (cont’d)
TS use S20 T20 M20 B20
49 protection 49T alarm set point sensor 1 c c
50 protection 49T tripping set point sensor 1 c c
Assignment of remote control orders

TC use S20 T20 M20 B20
1 trip c c c c
2 close c c c c
3 switching to settings group A c c c
4 switching to settings group B c c c
5 Sepam reset c c c c
6 peak demand current zero reset c c c
7 inhibit thermal protection c c
8 inhibit disturbance recording triggering c c c c
9 confirm disturbance recording triggering c c c c
10 manual disturbance recording triggering c c c c
11 enable recloser c
12 disable recloser c
13 reserved
14 reserved
15 reserved
16 reserved
Metering functions
Metering functions are accessible from two menus: Characteristics

c Measure for operation ( key)
measurement range 0.1 to 1.5 In (1) (3)
v phase current,
v average currents and peak demand currents, unit A or kA
v residual current, accuracy typically ±1% ±1 digit (2)
v phase to phase voltage, ±2% from 0.3 to 1.5 In
v line to earth voltage, ±5% if < 0.3 In
v residual voltage, display format 3 significant digits
v frequency,
v temperature. refresh period 1 second (typical)
c Network and switchgear diagnosis function (1)
In rated current defined when the general parameters are set.
( key) (2)
at In, in reference conditions (IEC 60255-6).
(3)
0.1 A resolution.
v tripping current,
v negative sequence current,
v cumulative breaking current,
v positive sequence voltage,
v operating time,
v charging time. Average currents and peak demand currents
Operation
This function gives:
Phase current c the average RMS current of each phase obtained over on adjustable period.
c the greatest average RMS current value obtained since the last reset.
Operation It is based on measurement of the fundamental component.
This function gives the RMS phase current values: Each average is refreshed at the end of each period.
c I1: phase 1 current,
c I2: phase 2 current, Readout
c I3: phase 3 current. The measurements may be accessed via:
It is based on RMS current measurement and takes c the display (1) using the key,
into account up to harmonics 17th. c the communication link (TC6).
Readout
The measurements may be accessed via: Clearing
c by the clear key on the display (1) if the peak is displayed,
c the display (1) using the key,
c by the clear command in the SFT 2841 software,
c the screen of a PC with SFT 2841 software,
c by the communication link (TC6).
c the communication link,
c analog converter with the MSA 141 option. (1)
Sepam equipped with advanced UMI option.
(1)
Characteristics
measurement range 0.1 to 1.5 In (1) (2)
unit A or kA
accuracy typically ±1% (3)
±2% from 0.3 to 1.5 In
±5% if < 0.3 In
display format 3 significant digits
averaging period 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 mn
(1)
In rated current defined when the general parameters are set.
(2)
0.1 A resolution.
(3)
Tripping currents Characteristics
measurement range phase current 0.1 to 40 In (1)
Operation residual current 0.1 to 20 Ino (1)
This function gives the RMS current values accuracy ±5% ±1 digit
at the prospective tripping time: display format 3 significant digits
c TRIP1: phase 1 current,
unit A or kA
c TRIP2: phase 2 current,
c TRIP3: phase 3 current, (1)
In, Ino rated current defined when the general parameters are set.
c TRIP0: residual current. (2)
if the current is greater than the range, the display indicates >.
It is based on measurement of the fundamental
component.
I TRIP 1
trip order
30 ms
T0 t
This measurement is defined as the maximum RMS value
measured during a 30 ms interval after the activation of the
tripping contact.
Readout
The measurements may be accessed via:
c the communication link.
(1)
Characteristics
Residual current measurement range
connection to 3 phase CTs 0.1 to 1.5 In (1) (3)
Operation connection to 1 phase CT with CS30 interposing ring CT 0.1 to 1.5 In (1) (3)
This function gives the RMS value of the residual connection to core balance CT with ACE 990 0.1 to 1.5 In (1) (3)
current Io. connection to CSH core balance CT 2 A rating 0.2 to 3 A
It is based on measurement of the fundamental 20 A rating 2 to 30 A
component.
unit A or kA
Readout accuracy (2) typically ±1% at Ino
The measurements may be accessed via: ±2% from 0.3 to 1.5 Ino
±5% if < 0.3 Ino
c the screen of a PC with SFT 2841 software, display format 3 significant digits
c the communication link. refresh period 1 second (typical)
(1)
Sepam equipped with advanced UMI option. (1)
Ino rated current defined when the general parameters are set.
(2)
at In, in reference conditions (IEC 60255-6), excluding sensor accuracy.
(3)
0.1 A resolution.
Metering functions (cont’d)
Unbalance ratio / negative Characteristics

sequence current measurement range (1) 10 to 500
unit % Ib
Operation accuracy ±2%
This function gives the unbalance ratio according
display format 3 significant digits
to negative sequence current:
c T = Ii/Ib, refresh period 1 second (typical)
The negative sequence current is determined (1)
1% resolution.
according to the phase currents,
c 3 phases
→ 1 → → →
Ii = x (I1 + a2 I2 + a I3)
3
2π
with a = e j 3
c 2 phases
→ 1 → →
Ii = x (I1 - a2 I3)
e
2π
with a = e j 3
the two formulas are equivalent when there

are no earth faults.
Readout
(1)
Cumulative breaking current Characteristics
number of breaks
and number of breaks range 0 to 65500
breaking current (kA) 2
Operation
This function indicates the cumulative breaking range 0 to 65500 (kA)2
current in square kilo-amperes (kA)2 for five current unit primary (kA) 2
ranges. accuracy (1) ±10% ±1 digit
It is based on measurement of the fundamental (1)
component.
The current ranges are:
c 0 < I < 2 In
c 2 In < I < 5 In
c 5 In < I < 10 In Readout
c 10 In < I < 40 In The measurements may be accessed via:
c I > 40 In
The function also gives the total number of breaking c the screen of a PC with SFT 2841 software,
operations and the cumulative total breaking current c the communication link.
in (kA) 2.
The initial values may be entered using the SFT 2841 software to take into account
Please refer to the breaking device documentation the real state of a used breaking device.
regarding the use of this information.
The function is activated by the trip order.
Each value is saved in the event of an auxiliary power
failure.
Disturbance recording Principle

stored record
Operation
This function is used to record analog signals and time
logical states.
Storage of the record is initiated according by a
triggering event (1)
triggering event.
The stored record begins before the triggering event
and continues afterwards.
The record comprises the following information:
c values sampled from the different signals, Characteristics
c date,
c characteristics of the recorded channels. record duration x periods before the triggering event (1)
total 86 periods
The files are recorded in FIFO (First In First Out) type
shift storage: the oldest record is erased when a new record content set-up file:
record is triggered. date, channel characteristics, measuring
transformer
Transfer ratio, sample file
Files may be transferred locally or remotely: 12 values per period/recorded signal
c locally: using a PC which is connected to the pocket analog signals recorded (2)
4 current channels (I1, I2, I3, Io)
terminal connector and includes the SFT 2841 4 voltage channels (V1, V2, V3, Vo)
software package, logical signals 10 digital inputs
c remotely: using a software package specific
to the remote monitoring and control system. number of stored records 2
file format COMTRADE
Display
The signals are displayed from a record by means
(1)
according to parameter setting with SFT2841 (default setting 36 cycles).
(2)
according to sensor type and connection.
of the SFT 2826 software package.
Phase-to-phase voltages Characteristics

measurement range 0.05 to 1.2 Unp (1) (3)
unit V or kV
Operation
This function gives the RMS value of the 50 or 60 Hz accuracy (2) ±1% from 0.5 to 1.2 Unp
component of the phase-to-phase voltages (according ±2% from 0.05 to 0.5 Unp
to voltage sensors): display format 3 significant digits
c U21 voltage between phases 2 and 1, refresh period 1 second (typical)
c U32 voltage between phases 3 and 2,
c U13 voltage between phases 1 and 3.
(1)
Un rated voltage.
(2)
at Un, in reference conditions (IEC 60255-6).
It is based on measurement of the fundamental (3)
1 V resolution.
component.
Readout
c analog converter with the MSA 141 option.
(1)
Characteristics
Positive sequence voltage measurement range 0.05 to 1.2 Vnp (1)
unit V or kV
Operation accuracy ±5% at Vnp
This function gives the calculated positive sequence display format 3 significant digits
voltage value. (1)
Un rated voltage.
Readout
(1)
Characteristics
Phase-to-neutral voltages measurement range 0.05 to 1.2 Vnp (1) (3)
unit V or kV
Operation accuracy (2) ±1% from 0.5 to 1.2 Vnp
This function gives the RMS value of the 50 or 60 Hz ±2% from 0.05 to 0.5 Vnp
component of the phase-to-neutral voltages: display format 3 significant digits
c V1 phase-to-neutral voltage of phase 1, refresh period 1 second (typical)
c V2 phase-to-neutral voltage of phase 2,
c V3 phase-to-neutral voltage of phase 3, (1)
Un rated voltage.
It is based on measurement of the fundamental
(2)
at Vnp, in reference conditions (IEC 60255-6).
(3)
1 V or 1 digit resolution.
component.
Readout
(1)
Residual voltage Characteristics
measurement range 0.015 Un to 3 Vnp (1)
Operation unit V or kV
This function gives the residual voltage value accuracy ±1% from 0.5 to 3 Vnp
Vo = (V1 + V2 + V3). ±2% from 0.05 to 0.5 Vnp
Vo is measured: ±5% from 0.015 to 0.05 Vnp
c by taking the internal sum of the 3 phase voltages, display format and TSM 2001 3 significant digits
c by a star / open delta VT. pocket terminal
It based on measurement of the fundamental resolution ±1 V, ±1 digit
component. refresh period 1 second (typical)
Readout
Vnp: normal primary phase-to-neutral voltage.
The measurement may be accessed via:
(1)
Characteristics
Frequency rated frequency 50 Hz, 60 Hz
range (2) 50 Hz 45 Hz to 55 Hz
Operation
60 Hz 55 Hz to 65 Hz
This function gives the frequency value.
accuracy (1) ±0.05 Hz
The frequency is measured using one of the following
methods: display format 4 significant digits
c from U21 if only one phase-to-phase voltage is refresh period 1 second (typical)
wired to the Sepam 1000+, (1)
at Un, in reference conditions (IEC 60255-6).
c from the positive sequence voltage if the Sepam (2)
0.01 Hz resolution.
includes U21 and U32 measurements.
The frequency is not measured if:
c the U21 or V voltage is less than 40% of Un,
c the frequency is outside the measurement range.
Readout
(1)
Temperatures Characteristics
range -30 °C to 200 °C (1) -22 °F to 392 °F
Operation accuracy ±1 °C from +20 °C to +140 °C
This function give the temperature value measured ±2 °C
by RTDs: resolution 1 °C or 1 °F
c Pt100 platinum RTD (100 Ω at 0°C) according to refresh period 3 seconds (typical)
the IEC 751 and DIN 43760 standards,
c nickel RTD 100 Ω or 120 Ω (at 0°C). (1) display possible in °F.
Each RTD channel gives one measurement:

Tx = sensor x temperature. Accuracy derating according to wiring
This function detects RTD faults: c Connection in 3-wire mode: the error Dt is proportional to the length of the wire
c RTD disconnected (t °C < 205 °C), and inversely proportional to the wire cross-section:
c RTD shorted (t °C < -35 °C). I (km)
∆t (°C) = 2 x
A maintenance alarm is generated in the event of a S (mm2)
fault and display of the temperature value is inhibited.
v ±2.1°C/km for a cross-section of 0.93 mm2,
v ±1°C/km for a cross-section of 1.92 mm2.
Readout
(1)
Operating time
Characteristics
Operation measurement range 20 to 100
This function gives the operating time of a breaking
unit ms
device (1) determined according to the changes of
state of the device open and device closed position accuracy typically ±1 ms
contacts wired to inputs I11 and I12 (3) respectively. display format 3 significant digits
Readout
(1)
Please refer to the breaking device documentation
(2)
Sepam equipped with advanced UMI.
(3)
Operational MES module.
Charging time
Characteristics
Operation measurement range 1 to 20
This function gives the control charging time of the unit s
breaking device (1) determined according to the
accuracy ±0.5 sec
change of state of the device closed position contact
and the end-of-control loading contact wired to inputs display format 3 significant digits
I12 and I24 (3) respectively.
Readout
(1)
Please refer to the breaking device documentation
(2)
(3)
Operational MES module.
Protection
Phase overcurrent Is is the vertical asymptote of the curve, and T is the operation time delay for 10 Is.
The curve is defined according to the following equations:
ANSI code 50-51 c standard inverse time SIT
The phase overcurrent function comprises 0.14 T
4 independant elements divided into two groups t= .
of 2 elements called Group A and Group B respectively. (I/Is)0.02 - 1 2.97
The use of the two groups may be chosen by
parameter setting: c very inverse time VIT or LTI
c operation with Group A or Group B exclusively, with
13.5 T
switching from one group to the other dependent on t= .
the state of logic input I13 exclusively, (I/Is) - 1 1.5
or by remote control (TC3, TC4),
I13 = 0 group A c extremely inverse time EIT
I13 = 1 group B
c operation with Group A and Group B active for 4-set 80 T
t= .
point operation, (I/Is)2 - 1 0.808
c enabling/disabling of each group of 2 elements (A, B).
c ultra inverse time UIT
Operation 315
Phase overcurrent protection is three-pole. t= .T
(I/Is)2.5 - 1
It picks up when one, two or three of the phase
currents reaches the operation set point. c RI type
It is time-delayed. The time delay may be definite
(DT) or IDMT (standard inverse SIT, very inverse VIT 0.315
t= .T
or LTI, extremely inverse EIT, ultra inverse UIT, RI). 0.339 - 0.236 (I/Is)-1
See curves in appendix.
The function takes into account current variations during the time delay.
Definite time protection For currents with a very large amplitude, the protection has a definite time
Is is the set point express in amperes, and T is the characteristic:
protection operating time delay. c if I > 20 Is, tripping time is the time that corresponds to 20 Is.
c if I > 40 In, tripping time is the time that corresponds to 40 In.
(In: current transformer rated current defined when the general parameters
t are set).
Block diagram
"pick-up" signal and
T to logic discrimination
I1
I2 t 0
I > Is time-delayed
I3 output
Is I
Definite time protection principle.
Time delayed reset

IDMT protection The function includes an adjustable reset time T1 (DT characteristics) (timer hold).
IDMT protection operates in accordance with the IEC
60255-3 and BS 142 standards.
I > Is time-delayed output
t
I > Is instantaneous
T tripping
T
value of internal
time delay
1 1,2 10 20 I/Is counter
IDMT protection principle.

T1 T1
T1
Protection functions (cont’d)
Characteristics
curve
setting definite, IDMT
(inverse, very inverse, LIT, ext. inv., ultra inv., RI)
Is set point
setting definite time 0.3 In ≤ Is ≤ 24 In expressed in amperes
IDMT 0.3 In ≤ Is ≤ 2.4 expressed in amperes
resolution 1 A or 1 digit
accuracy (1) ±5%
pick-up/drop-out ratio 93.5% ±5%
T time delay (operating time at 10 Is)
setting definite time inst, 50 ms ≤ T ≤ 300 s
IDMT 100 ms ≤ T ≤ 12.5 s
resolution 10 ms or 1 digit
accuracy (1) definite time ±2% or from -10 ms to +25 ms
IDMT class 5 or from -10 ms to +25 ms:
T1 definite time reset 0; 0.5 to 300 s
(timer hold)
characteristic times
operating time pick up < 35 ms at 2 Is (25 ms typical)
confirmed instantaneous < 50 ms at 2 Is
(35 ms typical)
overshoot time < 35 ms
reset time < 50 ms (for T1 = 0)
(1)
in reference conditions (IEC 60255-6).
(2)
< 25 ms at 2 Is.
Earth fault Iso is the asymptote of the curve, and T is the tripping time for 10 Iso.
The curve is defined according to the following equations:
c standard inverse time SIT
ANSI code 50N-51N or 50G-51G
The earth fault function comprises 4 independant 0.14 T
elements divided into two groups of 2 settings called t= .
(Io/Iso) 0.02
-1 2.97
Group A and Group B respectively.
The use of the two elements may be chosen
c very inverse time VIT or LTI
by parameter setting:
c operation with Group A or Group B exclusively, with 13.5 T
switching from one group to the other dependent on t= .
the state of logic input I13 exclusively, (Io/Iso) - 1 1.5
or by remote control (TC3, TC4),
c extremely inverse time EIT
I13 = 0 group A
I13 = 1 group B 80 T
c operation with Group A and Group B active for 4-set t= .
(Io/Iso)2 - 1 0.808
point operation,
c enabling/disabling of each group of 2 elements (A, B).
c ultra inverse time UIT
Operation
Earth fault protection is single-pole. 315
t= .T
It picks up when the earth fault current reaches the (Io/Iso)2.5 - 1
operation set point.
c RI type
It is time-delayed. The time delay may be definite
(DT) or IDMT (standard inverse SIT, very inverse VIT
0.315
or LTI, extremely inverse EIT, ultra inverse UIT, RI). t= .T
0.339 - 0.236 (Io/Iso)-1
See curves in appendix.
The protection integrates a harmonic 2 restraint which The function also takes into account current variations during the time delay.
provides greater stability when the transformers
energise (measurement of residual current by the For currents with a very large amplitude, the protection has a definite time
sum of the 3 phase CTs). The restraint may be characteristic:
inhibited by parameter setting. c if I > 20 Iso, tripping time is the time that corresponds to 20 Iso.
c if I > 15 Ino, tripping time is the time that corresponds to 15 Ino.
Definite time protection (Ino: current transformer rated current defined when the general parameters
Is is the operating set point express in amperes, are set).
and T is the protection operation time delay.
Block diagram
t I1
I2 Σ "pick-up" signal and
I3 to logic discrimination
t 0
Io > Iso time-delayed
output
T CSH
core balance CT
H2
CT+CSH30
core balance CT
Iso Io + ACE 990
Definite time protection principle.
Time delayed reset
The function includes an adjustable reset time T1 (DT characteristics) (timer hold).
IDMT protection
IDMT protection operates in accordance with the IEC I > Iso time-delayed output
60255-3 and BS 142 standards.
t
I > Iso instantaneous
T tripping
value of internal
time delay
T counter
1 1,2 10 20 Io/Iso
IDMT protection principle. T1 T1
T1
Protection function (cont’d)
s
Characteristics
curve
setting definite, IDMT
(inverse, very inverse, LI T, ext. in v., ultra in v., RI)
Iso set point
setting definite time 0.1 Ino
i Iso i 15 Ino expressed in amperes
sum of C Ts(1) 0.1 Ino i Iso i 15 Ino
with CSH sensor
2 A rating 0.2 A to 3 0 A
20 A rating 2 A to 30 0 A
CT + CSH30 0.1 Ino i Iso i 15 Ino (min. 0. 1 A)
core bal. CT 0.1 Ino < Iso < Ino
with AC E 990
setting IDMT 0.1 Inoi Iso i Ino (1) expressed in amperes
sum of C Ts (1)
0,1 In i Iso i Ino
with CSH sensor
2 A rating 0.2 A to 2 A
20 A rating 2 A to 2 0 A
CT + CSH30 0.1 Ino i Iso i 1 Ino (min. 0. 1 A)
core bal. CT 0.1 Inoi Iso i Ino
with AC E 990
resolution 0.1 A or 1 digit
accuracy (2) ±5%
pick-up/drop-out ratio ±5% for Iso > 0.1 Ino
93.5%
harmonic 2 restraint
fixed set point 17%
T time delay (operating time at 10 Iso)
setting definite time inst., 50 misT i 300 s
IDMT 100 ms i T i 12.5 s
accuracy (2) definite time ±2% or from -10 ms to +25 ms
IDMT class 5 or from -10 ms to +25 ms:
T1 definite time reset (timer hold) 0; 0.5 to 300 s
operating time pick up < 35 ms at 2 Iso (25 ms typical)
confirmed instantaneous < 50 ms at 2 Iso
(35 ms typical)
reset time < 40 ms (for T1 = 0)
(1)
Ino = In if the sum of the three phase currents is used for the measurement.
Ino = sensor rating if the measurement is taken by a CSH core balance C T.
Ino = In of the C T if the measurement is taken by a 1 A or 5 A current transforme r.
(2)
(3)
< 35 ms at 2 Iso.
Negative sequence / The tripping curve is defined according to the following equations:
c for Is/Ib i Ii/Ib i 0.5
unbalance 3.19
t= .T
(Ii/Ib)1.5
ANSI code 46
c for 0.5 i Ii/Ib i 5
Operation
Negative sequence / unbalance protection: 4.64
t= .T
c picks up when the negative sequence component (Ii/Ib)0.96
of the phase currents is greater than the set point,
c it is time-delayed. The time delay may be definite c for Ii/Ib > 5
or IDMT time (see curve). t=T
The negative sequence current Ii is calculated The function also takes into account negative sequence current variations during
for the 3 phase currents: the time delay.
→ 1 → → → The negative sequence current ratio measurement, expressed as a percentage
Ii = x (I1 + a2 I2 + a I3) of the basis current, is available even if the protection is inhibited.
3
2π
with a = e j 3 Block diagram
If Sepam is connected to 2 phase current sensors I1

only, the negative sequence current is:
t 0
I2 Ii > Is time-delayed
output
→ 1 → → I3
Ii = x (I1 - a2 I3)
e
“pick-up”
2π signal
with a = e j 3
the two formulas are equivalent when there is no Characteristics

residual current (earth fault).
curve
Definite time delay setting definite, IDMT
t Is set point
setting definite time 10% Ib i Is i 500% Ib
IDMT 10% Ib i Is i 50% Ib
resolution 1%
accuracy (1)
±5%
T
T time delay (operation time at 5 Ib)
setting definite time 100 ms i T i 300 s
Is Ii
IDMT 100 ms i T i 1 s
Definite time protection.
accuracy (1) definite time ±2% or ±25 ms
For Ii > Is, the time delay is definite (independent of Ii)
IDMT ±5% or ±35 ms
and equal to T.
IDMT time delay characteristic times
For Ii > Is, the time delay depends on the value of Ii/Ib
operating time < 55 ms pick up
(Ib: basis current of the protected equipment defined
when the general parameters are set) overshoot time < 35 ms
T corresponds to the time delay for Ii/Ib = 5. reset time < 55 ms
(1)
t
Is 5Ib Ii
IDMT protection.
Negative sequence / IDMT tripping curve
unbalance t(s)
10000
Determination of tripping time for different 5000
negative sequence current values for a given
curve?
2000
Using the chart, the user finds the value of K that
corresponds to the desired negative sequence 1000
current. The tripping time is equal to KT.
500
Example
Given a tripping curve with the T setting = 0.5 s. 200
What is the tripping time at 0.6 Ib? 100

Using the chart, find the value of K that corresponds 50
to 60% of Ib.
The chart gives K = 7.55. The tripping time is equal 20
to: 0.5 x 7.55 = 3.755 s. max. curve (T=1s)
10
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.05 min. curve (T=0,1s)
0.02
0.01
0.005
0.002
0.001 I/Ib
0.05 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 1 2 3 5 7 10 20

Ii (% Ib) K Ii (% Ib) cont’d K
10 99.95 310 1.577
15 54.50 320 1.53
20 35.44 330 1.485
25 25.38 340 1.444
30 19.32 350 1.404
33.33 16.51 360 1.367
35 15.34 370 1.332
40 12.56 380 1.298
45 10.53 390 1.267
50 9.00 400 1.236
55 8.21 410 1.18
57.7 7.84 420 1.167
60 7.55 430 1.154
65 7.00 440 1.13
70 6.52 450 1.105
75 6.11 460 1.082
80 5.74 470 1.06
85 5.42 480 1.04
90 5.13 490 1.02
95 4.87 u 500 1
100 4.64
110 4.24
120 3.90
130 3.61
140 3.37
150 3.15
160 2.96
170 2.80
180 2.65
190 2.52
200 2.40
210 2.29
220 2.14
230 2.10
240 2.01
250 1.94
260 1.86
270 1.80
280 1.74
290 1.68
300 1.627
Thermal overload For self-ventilated rotating machines, cooling is more effective when the machine
is running than when it is stopped. Running and stopping of the equipment are
calculated from the value of the current:
ANSI code 49 c running if I > 0.1 Ib,
c stopped if I < 0.1 Ib.
This function is used to protect equipment (motors, Two time constants may be set:
transformers, generators, lines, capacitors) against c T1: heat rise time constant: concerns equipment that is running,
overloads, based on measurement of the current c T2: cooling time constant: concerns equipment that is stopped.
consumed.
Accounting for harmonics
The current measured by the thermal protection is an RMS 3-phase current
which takes into account harmonics up to number 17.
Operation
Accounting for ambient temperature
Most machines are designed to operate at a maximum ambient temperature of
Operation curve
40°. The thermal overload function takes into account the ambient temperature
The protection gives a trip order when the heat rise E,
(Sepam 1000+ equipped with the temperature sensor option) to increase the
calculated according to the measurement of an
calculated heat rise value when the temperature measured exceeds 40°.
equivalent current Ieq, is greater than the set point
Es. T max - 40°
Increase factor: fa =
The greatest permissible continuous current is T max - T ambient
I = Ib Es T max is the machine’s maximum temperature.
T ambient is the measured temperature.
The protection tripping time is set by the time
constant T. Adaptation of the protection to motor thermal withstand
Motor thermal protection is often set based on the hot and cold curves supplied
The calculated heat rise depends on the current
by the machine manufacturer. To fully comply with these experimental curves,
consumed and the previous heat rise state.
additional parameters must be set:
c The cold curve defines the protection tripping time
c initial heat rise, Eso, is used to reduce the cold tripping time.
based on zero heat rise.
c The hot curve defines the protection tripping time leq 2
based on 100% nominal heat rise. t - Eso
Ib
modified cold curve: T = Log 2
leq
Ib - Es
101
cold curve c a second group of parameters (time constants and set points) is used to take
leq 2
100 t into account thermal withstand with locked rotors. This second set of parameters
= Log Ib
T is taken into account when the current is greater than an adjustable set point Is.
leq 2
10-1 Ib - Es Accounting for negative sequence current
-2 hot curve In the case of motors with coiled rotors, the presence of a negative sequence
10 leq 2
-1 component increases the heat rise in the motor. The negative sequence
t
= Log Ib 2 component of the current is taken into account in the protection by the equation
10-3 T leq
0 5 10
Ib - Es 2
leq = Iph + K. Ii
2
in which Iph is the greatest phase current
Ii is the negative sequence component of the current
Alarm set point, tripping set point
Two set points may be set for heat rise: K is an adjustable factor
c Es1: alarm. When the function is used to protect a
motor, this set point is also designed to detect hot K may have the following values: 0 - 2.25 - 4.5 - 9
state, used by the starts per hour function.
For an asynchronous motor, K is determined as follows:
c Es2: tripping.
k = 2. Cd . 1
-1 in Cn, Cd: rated torque and starting torque
Cn 2
Heat rise and cooling time constants g. Id Ib, Id: basis current and starting current
Ib
E E
g: rated slip
1 1
0.63
0.36
0 0
T1 t T2 t
Heat rise time constant. Cooling time constant.
Star inhibit Characteristics
The thermal overload protection can inhibit the
set points group A group B
closing of the motor’s control device until the heat rise
drops back down below a value that allows restarting. setting Es1 alarm set point 50% to 300% 50% to 300%
Es2 tripping set point 50% to 300% 50% to 300%
The inhibition function is grouped together with the
Eso initial heat rise 0 to 100% 0 to 100%
starts per hour protection inhibit and the signaling of
resolution 1% 1%
START INHIBIT informs the operator.
time constants
Inhibition of tripping setting T1 running 1 mn to 120 mn 1 mn to 120 mn
Tripping of the thermal overload protection may be T2 stopped 5 mn to 600 mn 5 mn to 600 mn
inhibited by an input (according to parameter setting) resolution 1 mn 1 mn
when required by the process.
accounting for negative sequence component
Accounting for two operating rates setting K 0 – 2.25 – 4.5 – 9
A power transformer often has two operating modes maximum equipment temperature (insulation class)
(e.g. ONAN and ONAF).
setting Tmax 60° to 200°
The two groups of parameters in the thermal overload resolution 1°
protection take into account these two operating
tripping time
modes.
accuracy (1) 2%
Switching from one mode to the other is controlled
by a Sepam input (according to parameter setting). measurements range resolution
It is done without losing the heat rise value. heat rise 0% to 800% 1%
time before tripping 0 to 999 mn 1 mn
User information time before start enabled 0 to 999 mn 1 mn
The following information is available for the user:
change of setting parameters
c time before restart enabled (in case of inhibition
by current threshold for motor setting 0.25 to 8 Ib
of starting),
by digital input for transformer input I26
c time before tripping (with constant current),
c heat rise. (1)
In reference conditions (IEC 60255-8).
Block diagram
input I26
selection
of parameter
leq > Is group
Es1
Is Es2
T
K
Eso
I ph heat rise : E > Es1
calculation
2 alarm
of equivalent leq . ∆t ∆t
I inverse leq Ek = Ek-1 + - Ek-1. indication
current Ib T T
fa
T max E > Es2

&
ambient correction tripping
temperature input I26
by ambient indication
temperature
inhibit start
inhibit
closing
indication
Cold curves
for Eso = 0
I/Ib 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.50 1.55 1.60 1.65 1.70 1.75 1.80
Es (%)
50 0.6931 0.6042 0.5331 0.4749 0.4265 0.3857 0.3508 0.3207 0.2945 0.2716 0.2513 0.2333 0.2173 0.2029 0.1900 0.1782 0.1676
55 0.7985 0.6909 0.6061 0.5376 0.4812 0.4339 0.3937 0.3592 0.3294 0.3033 0.2803 0.2600 0.2419 0.2257 0.2111 0.1980 0.1860
60 0.9163 0.7857 0.6849 0.6046 0.5390 0.4845 0.4386 0.3993 0.3655 0.3360 0.3102 0.2873 0.2671 0.2490 0.2327 0.2181 0.2048
65 1.0498 0.8905 0.7704 0.6763 0.6004 0.5379 0.4855 0.4411 0.4029 0.3698 0.3409 0.3155 0.2929 0.2728 0.2548 0.2386 0.2239
70 1.2040 1.0076 0.8640 0.7535 0.6657 0.5942 0.5348 0.4847 0.4418 0.4049 0.3727 0.3444 0.3194 0.2972 0.2774 0.2595 0.2434
75 1.3863 1.1403 0.9671 0.8373 0.7357 0.6539 0.5866 0.5302 0.4823 0.4412 0.4055 0.3742 0.3467 0.3222 0.3005 0.2809 0.2633
80 1.6094 1.2933 1.0822 0.9287 0.8109 0.7174 0.6413 0.5780 0.5245 0.4788 0.4394 0.4049 0.3747 0.3479 0.3241 0.3028 0.2836
85 1.8971 1.4739 1.2123 1.0292 0.8923 0.7853 0.6991 0.6281 0.5686 0.5180 0.4745 0.4366 0.4035 0.3743 0.3483 0.3251 0.3043
90 2.3026 1.6946 1.3618 1.1411 0.9808 0.8580 0.7605 0.6809 0.6147 0.5587 0.5108 0.4694 0.4332 0.4013 0.3731 0.3480 0.3254
95 1.9782 1.5377 1.2670 1.0780 0.9365 0.8258 0.7366 0.6630 0.6012 0.5486 0.5032 0.4638 0.4292 0.3986 0.3714 0.3470
100 2.3755 1.7513 1.4112 1.1856 1.0217 0.8958 0.7956 0.7138 0.6455 0.5878 0.5383 0.4953 0.4578 0.4247 0.3953 0.3691
105 3.0445 2.0232 1.5796 1.3063 1.1147 0.9710 0.8583 0.7673 0.6920 0.6286 0.5746 0.5279 0.4872 0.4515 0.4199 0.3917
110 2.3979 1.7824 1.4435 1.2174 1.0524 0.9252 0.8238 0.7406 0.6712 0.6122 0.5616 0.5176 0.4790 0.4450 0.4148
115 3.0040 2.0369 1.6025 1.3318 1.1409 0.9970 0.8837 0.7918 0.7156 0.6514 0.5964 0.5489 0.5074 0.4708 0.4384
120 2.3792 1.7918 1.4610 1.2381 1.0742 0.9474 0.8457 0.7621 0.6921 0.6325 0.5812 0.5365 0.4973 0.4626
125 2.9037 2.0254 1.6094 1.3457 1.1580 1.0154 0.9027 0.8109 0.7346 0.6700 0.6146 0.5666 0.5245 0.4874
130 2.3308 1.7838 1.4663 1.2493 1.0885 0.9632 0.8622 0.7789 0.7089 0.6491 0.5975 0.5525 0.5129
135 2.7726 1.9951 1.6035 1.3499 1.1672 1.0275 0.9163 0.8253 0.7494 0.6849 0.6295 0.5813 0.5390
140 2.2634 1.7626 1.4618 1.2528 1.0962 0.9734 0.8740 0.7916 0.7220 0.6625 0.6109 0.5658
145 2.6311 1.9518 1.5877 1.3463 1.1701 1.0341 0.9252 0.8356 0.7606 0.6966 0.6414 0.5934
150 3.2189 2.1855 1.7319 1.4495 1.2498 1.0986 0.9791 0.8817 0.8007 0.7320 0.6729 0.6217
155 2.4908 1.9003 1.5645 1.3364 1.1676 1.0361 0.9301 0.8424 0.7686 0.7055 0.6508
160 2.9327 2.1030 1.6946 1.4313 1.2417 1.0965 0.9808 0.8860 0.8066 0.7391 0.6809
165 2.3576 1.8441 1.5361 1.3218 1.1609 1.0343 0.9316 0.8461 0.7739 0.7118
170 2.6999 2.0200 1.6532 1.4088 1.2296 1.0908 0.9793 0.8873 0.8099 0.7438
175 3.2244 2.2336 1.7858 1.5041 1.3035 1.1507 1.0294 0.9302 0.8473 0.7768
180 2.5055 1.9388 1.6094 1.3832 1.2144 1.0822 0.9751 0.8861 0.8109
185 2.8802 2.1195 1.7272 1.4698 1.2825 1.1379 1.0220 0.9265 0.8463
190 3.4864 2.3401 1.8608 1.5647 1.3555 1.1970 1.0713 0.9687 0.8829
195 2.6237 2.0149 1.6695 1.4343 1.2597 1.1231 1.0126 0.9209
200 3.0210 2.1972 1.7866 1.5198 1.3266 1.1778 1.0586 0.9605

Cold curves
for Eso = 0
I/Ib 1.85 1.90 1.95 2.00 2.20 2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00 3.20 3.40 3.60 3.80 4.00 4.20 4.40 4.60
Es (%)
50 0.1579 0.1491 0.1410 0.1335 0.1090 0.0908 0.0768 0.0659 0.0572 0.0501 0.0442 0.0393 0.0352 0.0317 0.0288 0.0262 0.0239
55 0.1752 0.1653 0.1562 0.1479 0.1206 0.1004 0.0849 0.0727 0.0631 0.0552 0.0487 0.0434 0.0388 0.0350 0.0317 0.0288 0.0263
60 0.1927 0.1818 0.1717 0.1625 0.1324 0.1100 0.0929 0.0796 0.069 0.0604 0.0533 0.0474 0.0424 0.0382 0.0346 0.0315 0.0288
65 0.2106 0.1985 0.1875 0.1773 0.1442 0.1197 0.1011 0.0865 0.075 0.0656 0.0579 0.0515 0.0461 0.0415 0.0375 0.0342 0.0312
70 0.2288 0.2156 0.2035 0.1924 0.1562 0.1296 0.1093 0.0935 0.081 0.0708 0.0625 0.0555 0.0497 0.0447 0.0405 0.0368 0.0336
75 0.2474 0.2329 0.2197 0.2076 0.1684 0.1395 0.1176 0.1006 0.087 0.0761 0.0671 0.0596 0.0533 0.0480 0.0434 0.0395 0.0361
80 0.2662 0.2505 0.2362 0.2231 0.1807 0.1495 0.1260 0.1076 0.0931 0.0813 0.0717 0.0637 0.0570 0.0513 0.0464 0.0422 0.0385
85 0.2855 0.2685 0.2530 0.2389 0.1931 0.1597 0.1344 0.1148 0.0992 0.0867 0.0764 0.0678 0.0607 0.0546 0.0494 0.0449 0.0410
90 0.3051 0.2868 0.2701 0.2549 0.2057 0.1699 0.1429 0.1219 0.1054 0.092 0.0811 0.0720 0.0644 0.0579 0.0524 0.0476 0.0435
95 0.3251 0.3054 0.2875 0.2712 0.2185 0.1802 0.1514 0.1292 0.1116 0.0974 0.0858 0.0761 0.0681 0.0612 0.0554 0.0503 0.0459
100 0.3456 0.3244 0.3051 0.2877 0.2314 0.1907 0.1601 0.1365 0.1178 0.1028 0.0905 0.0803 0.0718 0.0645 0.0584 0.0530 0.0484
105 0.3664 0.3437 0.3231 0.3045 0.2445 0.2012 0.1688 0.1438 0.1241 0.1082 0.0952 0.0845 0.0755 0.0679 0.0614 0.0558 0.0509
110 0.3877 0.3634 0.3415 0.3216 0.2578 0.2119 0.1776 0.1512 0.1304 0.1136 0.1000 0.0887 0.0792 0.0712 0.0644 0.0585 0.0534
115 0.4095 0.3835 0.3602 0.3390 0.2713 0.2227 0.1865 0.1586 0.1367 0.1191 0.1048 0.0929 0.0830 0.0746 0.0674 0.0612 0.0559
120 0.4317 0.4041 0.3792 0.3567 0.2849 0.2336 0.1954 0.1661 0.1431 0.1246 0.1096 0.0972 0.0868 0.0780 0.0705 0.0640 0.0584
125 0.4545 0.4250 0.3986 0.3747 0.2988 0.2446 0.2045 0.1737 0.1495 0.1302 0.1144 0.1014 0.0905 0.0813 0.0735 0.0667 0.0609
130 0.4778 0.4465 0.4184 0.3930 0.3128 0.2558 0.2136 0.1813 0.156 0.1358 0.1193 0.1057 0.0943 0.0847 0.0766 0.0695 0.0634
135 0.5016 0.4683 0.4386 0.4117 0.3270 0.2671 0.2228 0.1890 0.1625 0.1414 0.1242 0.1100 0.0982 0.0881 0.0796 0.0723 0.0659
140 0.5260 0.4907 0.4591 0.4308 0.3414 0.2785 0.2321 0.1967 0.1691 0.147 0.1291 0.1143 0.1020 0.0916 0.0827 0.0751 0.0685
145 0.5511 0.5136 0.4802 0.4502 0.3561 0.2900 0.2414 0.2045 0.1757 0.1527 0.1340 0.1187 0.1058 0.0950 0.0858 0.0778 0.0710
150 0.5767 0.5370 0.5017 0.4700 0.3709 0.3017 0.2509 0.2124 0.1823 0.1584 0.1390 0.1230 0.1097 0.0984 0.0889 0.0806 0.0735
155 0.6031 0.5610 0.5236 0.4902 0.3860 0.3135 0.2604 0.2203 0.189 0.1641 0.1440 0.1274 0.1136 0.1019 0.0920 0.0834 0.0761
160 0.6302 0.5856 0.5461 0.5108 0.4013 0.3254 0.2701 0.2283 0.1957 0.1699 0.1490 0.1318 0.1174 0.1054 0.0951 0.0863 0.0786
165 0.6580 0.6108 0.5690 0.5319 0.4169 0.3375 0.2798 0.2363 0.2025 0.1757 0.1540 0.1362 0.1213 0.1088 0.0982 0.0891 0.0812
170 0.6866 0.6366 0.5925 0.5534 0.4327 0.3498 0.2897 0.2444 0.2094 0.1815 0.1591 0.1406 0.1253 0.1123 0.1013 0.0919 0.0838
175 0.7161 0.6631 0.6166 0.5754 0.4487 0.3621 0.2996 0.2526 0.2162 0.1874 0.1641 0.1451 0.1292 0.1158 0.1045 0.0947 0.0863
180 0.7464 0.6904 0.6413 0.5978 0.4651 0.3747 0.3096 0.2608 0.2231 0.1933 0.1693 0.1495 0.1331 0.1193 0.1076 0.0976 0.0889
185 0.7777 0.7184 0.6665 0.6208 0.4816 0.3874 0.3197 0.2691 0.2301 0.1993 0.1744 0.1540 0.1371 0.1229 0.1108 0.1004 0.0915
190 0.8100 0.7472 0.6925 0.6444 0.4985 0.4003 0.3300 0.2775 0.2371 0.2052 0.1796 0.1585 0.1411 0.1264 0.1140 0.1033 0.0941
195 0.8434 0.7769 0.7191 0.6685 0.5157 0.4133 0.3403 0.2860 0.2442 0.2113 0.1847 0.1631 0.1451 0.1300 0.1171 0.1062 0.0967
200 0.8780 0.8075 0.7465 0.6931 0.5331 0.4265 0.3508 0.2945 0.2513 0.2173 0.1900 0.1676 0.1491 0.1335 0.1203 0.1090 0.0993
Cold curves
for Eso = 0
I/Ib 4.80 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00 7.50 8.00 8.50 9.00 9.50 10.00 12.50 15.00 17.50 20.00
Es (%)
50 0.0219 0.0202 0.0167 0.0140 0.0119 0.0103 0.0089 0.0078 0.0069 0.0062 0.0056 0.0050 0.0032 0.0022 0.0016 0.0013
55 0.0242 0.0222 0.0183 0.0154 0.0131 0.0113 0.0098 0.0086 0.0076 0.0068 0.0061 0.0055 0.0035 0.0024 0.0018 0.0014
60 0.0264 0.0243 0.0200 0.0168 0.0143 0.0123 0.0107 0.0094 0.0083 0.0074 0.0067 0.0060 0.0038 0.0027 0.0020 0.0015
65 0.0286 0.0263 0.0217 0.0182 0.0155 0.0134 0.0116 0.0102 0.0090 0.0081 0.0072 0.0065 0.0042 0.0029 0.0021 0.0016
70 0.0309 0.0284 0.0234 0.0196 0.0167 0.0144 0.0125 0.0110 0.0097 0.0087 0.0078 0.0070 0.0045 0.0031 0.0023 0.0018
75 0.0331 0.0305 0.0251 0.0211 0.0179 0.0154 0.0134 0.0118 0.0104 0.0093 0.0083 0.0075 0.0048 0.0033 0.0025 0.0019
80 0.0353 0.0325 0.0268 0.0225 0.0191 0.0165 0.0143 0.0126 0.0111 0.0099 0.0089 0.0080 0.0051 0.0036 0.0026 0.0020
85 0.0376 0.0346 0.0285 0.0239 0.0203 0.0175 0.0152 0.0134 0.0118 0.0105 0.0095 0.0085 0.0055 0.0038 0.0028 0.0021
90 0.0398 0.0367 0.0302 0.0253 0.0215 0.0185 0.0161 0.0142 0.0125 0.0112 0.0100 0.0090 0.0058 0.0040 0.0029 0.0023
95 0.0421 0.0387 0.0319 0.0267 0.0227 0.0196 0.0170 0.0150 0.0132 0.0118 0.0106 0.0095 0.0061 0.0042 0.0031 0.0024
100 0.0444 0.0408 0.0336 0.0282 0.0240 0.0206 0.0179 0.0157 0.0139 0.0124 0.0111 0.0101 0.0064 0.0045 0.0033 0.0025
105 0.0466 0.0429 0.0353 0.0296 0.0252 0.0217 0.0188 0.0165 0.0146 0.0130 0.0117 0.0106 0.0067 0.0047 0.0034 0.0026
110 0.0489 0.0450 0.0370 0.0310 0.0264 0.0227 0.0197 0.0173 0.0153 0.0137 0.0123 0.0111 0.0071 0.0049 0.0036 0.0028
115 0.0512 0.0471 0.0388 0.0325 0.0276 0.0237 0.0207 0.0181 0.0160 0.0143 0.0128 0.0116 0.0074 0.0051 0.0038 0.0029
120 0.0535 0.0492 0.0405 0.0339 0.0288 0.0248 0.0216 0.0189 0.0167 0.0149 0.0134 0.0121 0.0077 0.0053 0.0039 0.0030
125 0.0558 0.0513 0.0422 0.0353 0.0300 0.0258 0.0225 0.0197 0.0175 0.0156 0.0139 0.0126 0.0080 0.0056 0.0041 0.0031
130 0.0581 0.0534 0.0439 0.0368 0.0313 0.0269 0.0234 0.0205 0.0182 0.0162 0.0145 0.0131 0.0084 0.0058 0.0043 0.0033
135 0.0604 0.0555 0.0457 0.0382 0.0325 0.0279 0.0243 0.0213 0.0189 0.0168 0.0151 0.0136 0.0087 0.0060 0.0044 0.0034
140 0.0627 0.0576 0.0474 0.0397 0.0337 0.0290 0.0252 0.0221 0.0196 0.0174 0.0156 0.0141 0.0090 0.0062 0.0046 0.0035
145 0.0650 0.0598 0.0491 0.0411 0.0349 0.0300 0.0261 0.0229 0.0203 0.0181 0.0162 0.0146 0.0093 0.0065 0.0047 0.0036
150 0.0673 0.0619 0.0509 0.0426 0.0361 0.0311 0.0270 0.0237 0.0210 0.0187 0.0168 0.0151 0.0096 0.0067 0.0049 0.0038
155 0.0696 0.0640 0.0526 0.0440 0.0374 0.0321 0.0279 0.0245 0.0217 0.0193 0.0173 0.0156 0.0100 0.0069 0.0051 0.0039
160 0.0720 0.0661 0.0543 0.0455 0.0386 0.0332 0.0289 0.0253 0.0224 0.0200 0.0179 0.0161 0.0103 0.0071 0.0052 0.0040
165 0.0743 0.0683 0.0561 0.0469 0.0398 0.0343 0.0298 0.0261 0.0231 0.0206 0.0185 0.0166 0.0106 0.0074 0.0054 0.0041
170 0.0766 0.0704 0.0578 0.0484 0.0411 0.0353 0.0307 0.0269 0.0238 0.0212 0.0190 0.0171 0.0109 0.0076 0.0056 0.0043
175 0.0790 0.0726 0.0596 0.0498 0.0423 0.0364 0.0316 0.0277 0.0245 0.0218 0.0196 0.0177 0.0113 0.0078 0.0057 0.0044
180 0.0813 0.0747 0.0613 0.0513 0.0435 0.0374 0.0325 0.0285 0.0252 0.0225 0.0201 0.0182 0.0116 0.0080 0.0059 0.0045
185 0.0837 0.0769 0.0631 0.0528 0.0448 0.0385 0.0334 0.0293 0.0259 0.0231 0.0207 0.0187 0.0119 0.0083 0.0061 0.0046
190 0.0861 0.0790 0.0649 0.0542 0.0460 0.0395 0.0344 0.0301 0.0266 0.0237 0.0213 0.0192 0.0122 0.0085 0.0062 0.0048
195 0.0884 0.0812 0.0666 0.0557 0.0473 0.0406 0.0353 0.0309 0.0274 0.0244 0.0218 0.0197 0.0126 0.0087 0.0064 0.0049
200 0.0908 0.0834 0.0684 0.0572 0.0485 0.0417 0.0362 0.0317 0.0281 0.0250 0.0224 0.0202 0.0129 0.0089 0.0066 0.0050
Hot curves
for Eso = 0
I/Ib 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.50 1.55 1.60 1.65 1.70 1.75 1.80
Es (%)
105 0.6690 0.2719 0.1685 0.1206 0.0931 0.0752 0.0627 0.0535 0.0464 0.0408 0.0363 0.0326 0.0295 0.0268 0.0245 0.0226
110 3.7136 0.6466 0.3712 0.2578 0.1957 0.1566 0.1296 0.1100 0.0951 0.0834 0.0740 0.0662 0.0598 0.0544 0.0497 0.0457
115 1.2528 0.6257 0.4169 0.3102 0.2451 0.2013 0.1699 0.1462 0.1278 0.1131 0.1011 0.0911 0.0827 0.0755 0.0693
120 3.0445 0.9680 0.6061 0.4394 0.3423 0.2786 0.2336 0.2002 0.1744 0.1539 0.1372 0.1234 0.1118 0.1020 0.0935
125 1.4925 0.8398 0.5878 0.4499 0.3623 0.3017 0.2572 0.2231 0.1963 0.1747 0.1568 0.1419 0.1292 0.1183
130 2.6626 1.1451 0.7621 0.5705 0.4537 0.3747 0.3176 0.2744 0.2407 0.2136 0.1914 0.1728 0.1572 0.1438
135 1.5870 0.9734 0.7077 0.5543 0.4535 0.3819 0.3285 0.2871 0.2541 0.2271 0.2048 0.1860 0.1699
140 2.3979 1.2417 0.8668 0.6662 0.5390 0.4507 0.3857 0.3358 0.2963 0.2643 0.2378 0.2156 0.1967
145 1.6094 1.0561 0.7921 0.6325 0.5245 0.4463 0.3869 0.3403 0.3028 0.2719 0.2461 0.2243
150 2.1972 1.2897 0.9362 0.7357 0.6042 0.5108 0.4408 0.3864 0.3429 0.3073 0.2776 0.2526
155 3.8067 1.5950 1.1047 0.8508 0.6909 0.5798 0.4978 0.4347 0.3846 0.3439 0.3102 0.2817
160 2.0369 1.3074 0.9808 0.7857 0.6539 0.5583 0.4855 0.4282 0.3819 0.3438 0.3118
165 2.8478 1.5620 1.1304 0.8905 0.7340 0.6226 0.5390 0.4738 0.4215 0.3786 0.3427
170 1.9042 1.3063 1.0076 0.8210 0.6914 0.5955 0.5215 0.4626 0.4146 0.3747
175 2.4288 1.5198 1.1403 0.9163 0.7652 0.6554 0.5717 0.5055 0.4520 0.4077
180 3.5988 1.7918 1.2933 1.0217 0.8449 0.7191 0.6244 0.5504 0.4908 0.4418
185 2.1665 1.4739 1.1394 0.9316 0.7872 0.6802 0.5974 0.5312 0.4772
190 2.7726 1.6946 1.2730 1.0264 0.8602 0.7392 0.6466 0.5733 0.5138
195 4.5643 1.9782 1.4271 1.1312 0.9390 0.8019 0.6985 0.6173 0.5518
200 2.3755 1.6094 1.2483 1.0245 0.8688 0.7531 0.6633 0.5914
I/Ib 1.85 1.90 1.95 2.00 2.20 2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00 3.20 3.40 3.60 3.80 4.00 4.20 4.40 4.60
Es (%)
105 0.0209 0.0193 0.0180 0.0168 0.0131 0.0106 0.0087 0.0073 0.0063 0.0054 0.0047 0.0042 0.0037 0.0033 0.0030 0.0027 0.0025
110 0.0422 0.0391 0.0363 0.0339 0.0264 0.0212 0.0175 0.0147 0.0126 0.0109 0.0095 0.0084 0.0075 0.0067 0.0060 0.0055 0.0050
115 0.0639 0.0592 0.0550 0.0513 0.0398 0.0320 0.0264 0.0222 0.0189 0.0164 0.0143 0.0126 0.0112 0.0101 0.0091 0.0082 0.0075
120 0.0862 0.0797 0.0740 0.0690 0.0535 0.0429 0.0353 0.0297 0.0253 0.0219 0.0191 0.0169 0.0150 0.0134 0.0121 0.0110 0.0100
125 0.1089 0.1007 0.0934 0.0870 0.0673 0.0540 0.0444 0.0372 0.0317 0.0274 0.0240 0.0211 0.0188 0.0168 0.0151 0.0137 0.0125
130 0.1322 0.1221 0.1132 0.1054 0.0813 0.0651 0.0535 0.0449 0.0382 0.0330 0.0288 0.0254 0.0226 0.0202 0.0182 0.0165 0.0150
135 0.1560 0.1440 0.1334 0.1241 0.0956 0.0764 0.0627 0.0525 0.0447 0.0386 0.0337 0.0297 0.0264 0.0236 0.0213 0.0192 0.0175
140 0.1805 0.1664 0.1540 0.1431 0.1100 0.0878 0.0720 0.0603 0.0513 0.0443 0.0386 0.0340 0.0302 0.0270 0.0243 0.0220 0.0200
145 0.2055 0.1892 0.1750 0.1625 0.1246 0.0993 0.0813 0.0681 0.0579 0.0499 0.0435 0.0384 0.0341 0.0305 0.0274 0.0248 0.0226
150 0.2312 0.2127 0.1965 0.1823 0.1395 0.1110 0.0908 0.0759 0.0645 0.0556 0.0485 0.0427 0.0379 0.0339 0.0305 0.0276 0.0251
155 0.2575 0.2366 0.2185 0.2025 0.1546 0.1228 0.1004 0.0838 0.0712 0.0614 0.0535 0.0471 0.0418 0.0374 0.0336 0.0304 0.0277
160 0.2846 0.2612 0.2409 0.2231 0.1699 0.1347 0.1100 0.0918 0.0780 0.0671 0.0585 0.0515 0.0457 0.0408 0.0367 0.0332 0.0302
165 0.3124 0.2864 0.2639 0.2442 0.1855 0.1468 0.1197 0.0999 0.0847 0.0729 0.0635 0.0559 0.0496 0.0443 0.0398 0.0360 0.0328
170 0.3410 0.3122 0.2874 0.2657 0.2012 0.1591 0.1296 0.1080 0.0916 0.0788 0.0686 0.0603 0.0535 0.0478 0.0430 0.0389 0.0353
175 0.3705 0.3388 0.3115 0.2877 0.2173 0.1715 0.1395 0.1161 0.0984 0.0847 0.0737 0.0648 0.0574 0.0513 0.0461 0.0417 0.0379
180 0.4008 0.3660 0.3361 0.3102 0.2336 0.1840 0.1495 0.1244 0.1054 0.0906 0.0788 0.0692 0.0614 0.0548 0.0493 0.0446 0.0405
185 0.4321 0.3940 0.3614 0.3331 0.2502 0.1967 0.1597 0.1327 0.1123 0.0965 0.0839 0.0737 0.0653 0.0583 0.0524 0.0474 0.0431
190 0.4644 0.4229 0.3873 0.3567 0.2671 0.2096 0.1699 0.1411 0.1193 0.1025 0.0891 0.0782 0.0693 0.0619 0.0556 0.0503 0.0457
195 0.4978 0.4525 0.4140 0.3808 0.2842 0.2226 0.1802 0.1495 0.1264 0.1085 0.0943 0.0828 0.0733 0.0654 0.0588 0.0531 0.0483
200 0.5324 0.4831 0.4413 0.4055 0.3017 0.2358 0.1907 0.1581 0.1335 0.1145 0.0995 0.0873 0.0773 0.0690 0.0620 0.0560 0.0509
Hot curves
for Eso = 0
I/Ib 4.80 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00 7.50 8.00 8.50 9.00 9.50 10.00 12.50 15.00 17.50 20.00
Es (%)
105 0.0023 0.0021 0.0017 0.0014 0.0012 0.0010 0.0009 0.0008 0.0007 0.0006 0.0006 0.0005 0.0003 0.0002 0.0002 0.0001
110 0.0045 0.0042 0.0034 0.0029 0.0024 0.0021 0.0018 0.0016 0.0014 0.0013 0.0011 0.0010 0.0006 0.0004 0.0003 0.0003
115 0.0068 0.0063 0.0051 0.0043 0.0036 0.0031 0.0027 0.0024 0.0021 0.0019 0.0017 0.0015 0.0010 0.0007 0.0005 0.0004
120 0.0091 0.0084 0.0069 0.0057 0.0049 0.0042 0.0036 0.0032 0.0028 0.0025 0.0022 0.0020 0.0013 0.0009 0.0007 0.0005
125 0.0114 0.0105 0.0086 0.0072 0.0061 0.0052 0.0045 0.0040 0.0035 0.0031 0.0028 0.0025 0.0016 0.0011 0.0008 0.0006
130 0.0137 0.0126 0.0103 0.0086 0.0073 0.0063 0.0054 0.0048 0.0042 0.0038 0.0034 0.0030 0.0019 0.0013 0.0010 0.0008
135 0.0160 0.0147 0.0120 0.0101 0.0085 0.0073 0.0064 0.0056 0.0049 0.0044 0.0039 0.0035 0.0023 0.0016 0.0011 0.0009
140 0.0183 0.0168 0.0138 0.0115 0.0097 0.0084 0.0073 0.0064 0.0056 0.0050 0.0045 0.0040 0.0026 0.0018 0.0013 0.0010
145 0.0206 0.0189 0.0155 0.0129 0.0110 0.0094 0.0082 0.0072 0.0063 0.0056 0.0051 0.0046 0.0029 0.0020 0.0015 0.0011
150 0.0229 0.0211 0.0172 0.0144 0.0122 0.0105 0.0091 0.0080 0.0070 0.0063 0.0056 0.0051 0.0032 0.0022 0.0016 0.0013
155 0.0253 0.0232 0.0190 0.0158 0.0134 0.0115 0.0100 0.0088 0.0077 0.0069 0.0062 0.0056 0.0035 0.0025 0.0018 0.0014
160 0.0276 0.0253 0.0207 0.0173 0.0147 0.0126 0.0109 0.0096 0.0085 0.0075 0.0067 0.0061 0.0039 0.0027 0.0020 0.0015
165 0.0299 0.0275 0.0225 0.0187 0.0159 0.0136 0.0118 0.0104 0.0092 0.0082 0.0073 0.0066 0.0042 0.0029 0.0021 0.0016
170 0.0323 0.0296 0.0242 0.0202 0.0171 0.0147 0.0128 0.0112 0.0099 0.0088 0.0079 0.0071 0.0045 0.0031 0.0023 0.0018
175 0.0346 0.0317 0.0260 0.0217 0.0183 0.0157 0.0137 0.0120 0.0106 0.0094 0.0084 0.0076 0.0048 0.0034 0.0025 0.0019
180 0.0370 0.0339 0.0277 0.0231 0.0196 0.0168 0.0146 0.0128 0.0113 0.0101 0.0090 0.0081 0.0052 0.0036 0.0026 0.0020
185 0.0393 0.0361 0.0295 0.0246 0.0208 0.0179 0.0155 0.0136 0.0120 0.0107 0.0096 0.0086 0.0055 0.0038 0.0028 0.0021
190 0.0417 0.0382 0.0313 0.0261 0.0221 0.0189 0.0164 0.0144 0.0127 0.0113 0.0101 0.0091 0.0058 0.0040 0.0030 0.0023
195 0.0441 0.0404 0.0330 0.0275 0.0233 0.0200 0.0173 0.0152 0.0134 0.0119 0.0107 0.0096 0.0061 0.0043 0.0031 0.0024
200 0.0464 0.0426 0.0348 0.0290 0.0245 0.0211 0.0183 0.0160 0.0141 0.0126 0.0113 0.0102 0.0065 0.0045 0.0033 0.0025
Phase undercurrent Block diagram
15ms 0
ANSI code 37 I1 I < Is T 0
& time-delayed
output”
Operation “pick-up”
This protection is single-phase: signal
c it picks up when phase 1 current drops below the I>
set point Is, 0.1 Ib
c it is inactive when the current is less than 10% of Ib,
c it is insensitive to current drops (breaking) due to
circuit breaker tripping,
c it includes a definite time delay T. Characteristics
Is set point
t
setting 15% Ib i Is i 100% Ib by steps of 1%
accuracy ±5%
pick-up/drop-out ratio 106% ±5% for Is > 0.1 In
T
T time delay
setting 50 ms i T i 300 s
0 0.15 Ib Is I accuracy (1) ±2% or ±25 ms
Operating principle resolution 10 ms or 1 digit
1.06 Is operating time < 50 ms
Is
0.1 Ib
reset time < 40 ms
“pick up” (1)
signal
time-delayed
output
Case of current sag
1.06 Is
Is
0.1 Ib
“pick up”
signal = 0 <15 ms
time-delayed
output = 0
Case of circuit breaker tripping.

Excessive starting time, Operation

This function is three-phase.
locked rotor It comprises three parts:
c excessive starting time: during starting, the protection picks up when one
of the 3 phase currents is greater than the set point Is for a longer period of time
ANSI code 48 - 51LR than the ST time delay (normal starting time),
c locked rotor: at the normal operating rate (after starting), the protection picks up
I when one of the 3 phase currents is greater than the set point Is for a longer period
of time than the LT time delay of the definite time type.
Starting is detected when:
Is v the current consumed is 10% greater than the Ib current,
v I23 input is activated by a contact from motor shaft rotation detector.
The ST time delay, which corresponds to the normal starting time, may be
reinitialized by a logic data input for particular uses (input I22).
0.1Ib
c blocage au démarrage: large motors may have very long starting time, due to their
ST
inertia or the reduce voltage supply. This starting time is longer than the permissive
excessive
starting time rotor blocking time. To protect such a motor LTS timer initiate a trip if a start has
been detected (I > Is) or if the motor speed is zero. For a normal start, the input I23
locked
rotor (zero-speed-switch) disable this protection.
When the motor re-accelerates, it consumes a current in the vicinity of the starting
Case of normal starting. current (> Is) without the current first passing through a value less than 10% of Ib.
This information may be used to:
I c reinitialize the excessive starting time protection,
c set the locked rotor protection LT time delay to a low value.
Is
Block diagram
ST 0
I>0.1Ib LT 0
0.1Ib & locked
rotor output
ST I1
excessive I2 input I22
starting time I3
locked
rotor & excessive
I>Is starting
Case of excessive starting time. time output
I LTS 0
& locked rotor
input I23 at starting stage
output
Is
0.1Ib Characteristics
Is set point
excessive ST LT setting 50% Ib i Is i 500% Ib
starting time
resolution 1%
locked
rotor accuracy (1) ±5%
Case of locked rotor.
ST and LT time delays
setting ST 500 ms i T i 300 s
LT 50 ms i T i 300 s
LTS 50 ms i T i 300 s
accuracy (1) ±2%
operating time < 35 ms
reset time < 40 ms
(1)
Starts per hour The number of consecutive starts is the number starts counted during
the last P/Nt minutes, Nt being the number of starts allowed per period.
Motor hot state corresponds to the overrunning of the first set point ES1 of the
ANSI code 66 thermal overload function.
When the motor re-accelerates, it undergoes a stress similar to that of starting
Operation without the current first passing through a value less than 10% of Ib, in which case
This function is three-phase. the number of starts is not incremented.
It picks up when the number of starts reaches
It is possible however to increment the number of starts when a re-acceleration
the following limits:
occurs by a logic data input (input I22).
c maximum number of starts allowed per period
of time (P) (Nt),
c maximum allowed number of consecutive Block diagram
hot starts (Nc),
c maximum allowed number of consecutive
cold starts (Nf),
c the function indicate the number of starts still k1>Nt
allowed before the maximum, if the protection has not I1
&
picked up, 0 T
I2 I>0.1Ib P mn
c waiting time before a start is allowed, if the I3
protection has picked up. ≥1 inhibit
Starting is detected when the current consumed ≥1 k2>Nf closing
input I22
becomes greater than 10% of the Ib current after
having been lower to this value for the T time delay. P mn/Nt
I
& k3>Nc
thermal alarm
0.1Ib (hot state) P mn/Nt
"Clear"
T
t
Characteristics
Detection of starting. period of time (P)
setting 1 to 6 hour
resolution 1
Readout Nt total number of starts
The number of starts and the waiting time may be
setting 1 to 60
accessed via:
c the display (1) using the key, resolution 1
c the screen of a PC with SFT 2841 software, Nc and Nt number of consecutive starts
setting 1 to Nt
Clearing resolution 1
The number of starts counters may be cleared, using T time delay between starts
a password, via:
setting 500 ms i T i 90 mm
c the display using the clear key (2),
c the screen of a PC with SFT 2841 software, resolution 10 ms or 1 digit
c the communication link. accuracy (1)
±2% or ±25 ms
(2)
Sepam equipped with advanced UMI. waiting time measurement
measurement range 1 mn to 90 mn
resolution 1 mn
accuracy (1) ±2 mn
N number of remaining starts measurement
measurement range 1 to 60
resolution 1
(1)
(2)
Positive sequence Block diagram
undervoltage and phase U21

Vd < Vsd
T 0
time-delayed output
rotation direction check
“pick-up” signal
Vd <
ANSI code 27D - 47
0.1Un
Operation (2)
U> & rotation display
Positive sequence undervoltage U32 0.8 Un
The protection picks up when the positive sequence
component Vd of a three-phase voltage system is
less than the set point Vsd with:
Characteristics
→ → → →
Vd = (1/3) [V1 + a V2 + a V3]
2
Vsd set points
setting 30% Vnp to 100% Vnp expressed in volts
→ → →
Vd = (1/3) [U21 - a2 U32] accuracy (1) ±2%
pick-up/drop-out ratio 103% ±2.5%
2π
U j resolution 1 V or 1 digit
3
with V = and a = e
e T time delay
setting 50 ms to 300 s
c it includes a definite time delay T, accuracy (1) ±2%, 35 ms
c it allows drops in motor electrical torque to be
detected.
Phase rotation direction operating time < 65 ms
This protection also allows the phase rotation
direction to be detected.
reset time < 85 ms
The protection considers that the phase rotation
direction is inverse when the positive sequence Vnp = Unp / e
voltage is less than 10% of Unp and when the phase-
(1)
(2)
displays “rotation” instead of positive sequence voltage measurement.
to-phase voltage is greater than 80% of Unp.
Phase-to-phase Characteristics
Us set point
undervoltage setting 5% Unp to 100% Unp
accuracy (1) ±2% or 0.005 Unp
ANSI code 27
resolution 1 V or 1 digit
pick up/drop-out ratio 103% ±2.5% for Us > 0.1 Unp
Operation
This protection is three-phase: T time delay
c it picks up when one of the phase-to-phase voltages setting 50 ms to 300 s
concerned is less than the Us set point, accuracy (1) ±2%, or 35 ms
c the protection includes a definite time delay.
Block diagram operating time < 25 ms
U21 reset time < 45 ms
U32 T 0
U < Us time-delayed output (1)
U13
“pick up” signal

Phase-to-phase Characteristics
Us set point
overvoltage setting 50% Unp to 150% Unp (2)
accuracy (1)
±2% or 0.005 Unp
ANSI code 59
pick-up/drop-out ratio 97% ±1%
Operation
T time delay
This protection is three-phase:
c it picks up when one of the phase-to-phase voltages setting 50 ms to 300 s
concerned is greater than the Us set point, accuracy (1) ±2%, 35 ms
Block diagram
U21 overshoot time < 40 ms
U32 T 0
U > Us time-delayed output reset time < 45 ms
U13 (1)
(2)
135% Unp with PT’s 230 V / e.
Neutral voltage Block diagram
displacement V1
V2 Σ
V3
ANSI code 59N T 0
V0 > Vso time-delayed output
Operation external VT
This protection picks up when the neutral voltage Vo “pick-up” signal
is greater than a set point Vso
→ → → →
with V0 = V1 + V2 + V3,
c it includes a definite time delay T, Characteristics
c l neutral voltage is either calculated from the Vso set point
3 phase voltages or measured by an external VT.
setting 2% Unp to 80% Unp if Vnso (2)
= sum 3 V
2% Unp to 80% Unp if Vnso (2)
= Uns / e
5% Unp to 80% Unp if Vnso (2)
= Uns / 3
accuracy (1) ±2% or ±0.005 Un
pick-up/drop-out ratio 97% +1%
T time delay
accuracy (1) ±2%, or 35 ms at 2 Vso
reset time < 85 ms
(1)
(2)
Vnso is one of the general parameters.
Remanent Characteristics
Us set point
undervoltage setting 5% Unp to 100% Unp
accuracy ±5% or ±0.005 Unp
ANSI code 27R
pick-up/drop-out ratio 104% ±3% for Us > 0.1 Unp
Operation
This protection is single-phase: T time delay
c it picks up when the U21 phase-to-phase voltage is setting 50 ms to 300 s
less than the Us set point, accuracy (1) ±2%, 35 ms
Block diagram operating time < 25 ms
T 0 reset time < 45 ms
U21 U < Us time-delayed output
(1)
Overfrequency Block diagram
U32
ANSI code 81H Vd T 0
U21 & F > Fs time-delayed
output
Operation
This function picks up when the frequency of the “pick-up” signal
positive sequence voltage is greater than the set point
and when the U21 voltage is greater than: U > 0,2 Unp (1)
c 20% Unp if V1, V2 and V3 are connected
c 35% Unp if only U21 is connected. (1)
U > 0.35 Un if there is only one VT.
It includes a definite time delay T.
If there is only one sensor (U21), the voltage signal is connected to terminals 1 and
2 of the connector, whatever the phase.
t (in ms)
150 Characteristics
140
Fs set point
130 setting 50 to 53 Hz or 60 to 63 Hz
120 resolution 0.1 Hz
110 accuracy (1)
T = 100ms
100 pos. seq. volt; measurement 0.1 Hz across the dynamic range
U21 measurement see curve
90
pick-up/drop-out difference 0.2 Hz ±0.1 Hz
0 0,5 1 2 3 4 ∆F T time delay
in Hz setting 100 ms to 300 s
Tripping time for T = 100 ms.
accuracy (1) ±2%
reset time < 85 ms
(1)
in reference conditions (IEC 60255-6) and df/dt < 3 Hz/s.
Underfrequency Bloc diagram
U32
ANSI code 81L Vd T 0
U21 & F < Fs time-delayed
output
Operation
This function picks up when the frequency of positive “pick-up” signal
sequence voltage is less than the set point and when
the U21 voltage is greater than: U > 0.2 Unp (1)
c 20% Un if V1, V2 and V3 are connected
c 35% Un if only U21 is connected. (1)
U > 0.35 Un if there is only one VT.
It includes a definite time delay T.
If there is only one sensor (U21), the voltage signal is connected to terminals 1 and
2 of the connector, whatever the phase.
t (in ms)
150
Characteristics
140
Fs set point
130
setting 45 to 50 Hz or 55 to 60 Hz
120
resolution 0.1 Hz
110
T = 100ms accuracy (1)
100
pos. seq. volt; measurement 0.1 Hz across the dynamic range
90 U21 measurement see curve
pick-up/drop-out difference 0.2 Hz ±0.1 Hz
-4 -3 -2 -1 -0,5 0 ∆F
T time delay
in Hz
Tripping time for T = 100 ms. resolution 10 ms or 1 digit
accuracy (1) ±2% or 40 ms (see curve)
reset time < 85 ms
(1)
in reference conditions (IEC 60255-6) and df/dt < 3 Hz/s.
Recloser Recloser inhibition conditions

The recloser is inhibited according to the following conditions:
c close or trip command
ANSI code 79 c recloser disabled,
c receipt of an inhibition order on inhibition input I24,
c appearance of a fault related to the switchgear,
Recloser initialization
c receipt of an external trip order on input I21 or I22.
The recloser is ready to operate if all of the following
conditions are met:
c recloser in service,
c circuit breaker closed,
c inhibition time delay not running, Characteristics
c none of the recloser inhibition conditions is true
reclosing cycles setting
(see below).
number of cycles 1 to 4
Cycles activation of cycle 1 (1) O/C 1 inst. / time-del. / inactive
c Case of a permanent fault, not cleared: O/C 2 inst. / time-del. / inactive
v after the instantaneous or time-delayed protection E/F 1 inst. / time-del. / inactive
has tripped, the isolation time delay associated with E/F 2 inst. / time-del. / inactive
the first active cycle starts up. When it runs out, a
activation of cycles 2, 3 and 4 (1) O/C 1 inst. / time-del. / inactive
closing order is given and this order starts up the
O/C 2 inst. / time-del. / inactive
disengagement time delay. If the protection detects
E/F 1 inst. / time-del. / inactive
the fault before the end of the time delay, a trip order
E/F 2 inst. / time-del. / inactive
is given and the next reclosing cycle is activated,
v if the fault persists after all the active cycles have time delays
taken place, a permanent trip order is given, a disengagement time delay 0.05 to 300 s
message appears on the display and closing is isolation time delay cycle 1 0.05 to 300 s
inhibited until the user has acknowledged the fault, cycle 2 0.05 to 300 s
according to the protection parameter setting. cycle 3 0.05 to 300 s
c Case of a cleared fault: cycle 4 0.05 to 300 s
v if, after a reclosing order, the fault does not appear inhibition time delay 0.05 to 300 s
after the disengaging time delay has expired, the accuracy ±2% or 25 ms
recloser reinitializes and a message appears on the resolution 10 ms or 1 digit
display.
c Closing on a fault (1)
if, during a reclosing cycle, a protection set as inactive with respect to the recloser triggers
tripping, the recloser is inhibited.
If the circuit breaker closes when the fault occurs, or if
the fault appears before the end of the inhibition time
delay, the recloser is inhibited.
Temperature monitoring Block diagram
T < +205° C
ANSI code 49T - 38 & T > Ts1 set point 1
Operation
This protection is associated with an RTD of the RTD T > Ts2 set point 2
Pt100 platinum (100 Ω at 0°C) or (nickel 100 Ω,
nickel 120 Ω) type in accordance with the IEC 60751
and DIN 43760 standards, & faulty RTD
T > -35° C
c It picks up when the monitored temperature is
greater than the Ts set point.
c It has two independent set points:
v alarm set point,
v tripping set point. Characteristics
c The protection detects if the RTD is shorted or Ts1 and Ts2 set points °C °F
disconnected:
setting 0 °C to 180 °C 32 °F to 356 °F
v RTD shorting is detected if the measured
temperature is less than –35°C, accuracy (1)
±1.5 °C ±2.7 °F
v RTD disconnection is detected if the measured resolution 1 °C 1 °F
temperature is greater than +205°C. pick-up/drop-out difference 3 °C ±0.5°
If an RTD fault is detected, the set point output relays
are inhibited: the protection outputs are set to zero. characteristic times
operating time < 3 seconds
see temperature measurement chapter for accuracy derating according to wiring cross-
(1)
section.
IDMT protections The time delay setting that should be made in order for the operation curve to pass
through point K(Ik, tk) is:
The operation time depends on the protected variable ts
tk
(phase current, earth fault current, …). T = Ts10 x
tsk
Operation is represented by a characteristic curve:
c t = f(I) curve for the phase overcurrent function,
c t = f(Io) for the earth fault function. tk K
The rest of the document is based on t = f(I), but the

reasoning can be extended to other variables such as tsk
Io, … Ts10
The curve is defined by:
c type (standard inverse SIT, very inverse VIT or LTI,
extremely inverse EIT, ultra inverse UIT, RI),
c Is current setting which corresponds to the vertical 1 Ik/Is 10 I/Is
asymptote of the curve,
c T time delay setting which corresponds to the Another practical method:
operation time for I = 10 Is. The chart below gives the values of:
The 3 settings are made in the following chronological
order: type, Is current, T time delay. ts I
T= as a function of
Changing the T time delay setting by x% changes all ts10 Is
of the operation times in the curve by x%. tsk
In the column that corresponds to the type of time delay, read the value k =
Ik Ts10
Examples of problems to be solved in the line that corresponds to
Is
Problem 1
Knowing the type of IDMT, determine the Is current The time delay setting to be used so that the operation curve pasees through the
and T time delay settings. point k(IK, Tk) is: tk
T=
Theoretically, Is current is set to the maximum current k
that can be continuous:
it is generally the rated current of the protected Example
equipment (cable, transformer). Given:
T time delay is set to the operation point at 10 Is on c type of time delay: standard inverse time (SIT)
the curve. This setting is determined taking into c set point: Is
account the discrimination constraints with respect to c a point K on the operation curve: K (3.2 Is; 4 s)
the upstream and downstream protection devices. Question: what is the T time delay setting (operation time at 10 Is)?
The discrimination constraint leads to the definition of Chart reading: inverse column
a point A on the operation curve (IA, tA), e.g. the point I
line = 3.2
that corresponds to the maximum fault current
Is
affecting the downstream protection.
k = 2.00
Problem 2 4
Answer: the time delay setting is T = =2s
Knowing the type of IDMT, the Is current setting and a
2
point k (Ik, tk) on the operation curve, determine the T Problem 3
time delay setting. Knowing the Is current and T time delay settings for a type of time delay (standard
On the standard curve of the same type, read the inverse, very inverse, extremely inverse), find the operation time for a current value
operation time tsk that corresponds to the relative of IA. On the standard curve of the same type, read the operation time tsA that
current: corresponds to the relative current:
Ik IA
Is Is
and the operation time Ts10 that corresponds to the relative current:
and the operation time Ts10 that corresponds to the I
relative current: = 10
Is
The operation time tA for the current IA with the Is and T settings is:
I T
= 10 tA = tsA x
Is Ts10
ts
tA
T
tsA
Ts10
1 IA/Is 10 I/Is
Other practical method: the chart below gives the Example
values of: Given:
ts I c type of time delay: very inverse time (VIT)
k= as a function of
Ts10 Is c set point: Is
c T time delay = 0.8 s
In the column that corresponds to the type of time
Question: what is the operation time for the current
delay, read the value tsA
k= IA = 6 Is?
Ts10 Chart reading: very inverse column
IA
on the line that corresponds to I
line = 6
Is Is
The operation time tA for the current IA with the Is and
k = 1.80
T settings is tA = kT.
Answer: the operation time for the current IA is
t = 1.80 x 0.8 = 1.44 s.
I/Is inverse very inv. ext. inv. ultra inv. I/Is inverse very inv. ext. inv. ultra inv.
1.2 12.90 45.00 225.00 545.51 6.6 1.23 1.61 2.33 2.84
1.3 8.96 30.00 143.48 339.84 6.7 1.22 1.58 2.26 2.73
1.4 6.98 22.50 103.13 238.80 6.8 1.21 1.55 2.19 2.63
1.5 5.79 18.00 79.20 179.42 6.9 1.20 1.53 2.12 2.54
1.6 4.99 15.00 63.46 140.74 7.0 1.19 1.50 2.06 2.45
1.7 4.42 12.86 52.38 113.80 7.1 1.18 1.48 2.00 2.36
1.8 3.99 11.25 44.20 94.12 7.2 1.17 1.45 1.95 2.28
1.9 3.65 10.00 37.93 79.22 7.3 1.16 1.43 1.89 2.20
2.0 3.38 9.00 33.00 67.64 7.4 1.15 1.41 1.84 2.13
2.1 3.15 8.18 29.03 58.43 7.5 1.15 1.38 1.79 2.06
2.2 2.97 7.50 25.78 50.98 7.6 1.14 1.36 1.74 1.99
2.3 2.81 6.92 23.08 44.85 7.7 1.13 1.34 1.70 1.93
2.4 2.67 6.43 20.80 39.76 7.8 1.12 1.32 1.65 1.86
2.5 2.55 6.00 18.86 35.46 7.9 1.12 1.30 1.61 1.81
2.6 2.44 5.63 17.19 31.82 8.0 1.11 1.29 1.57 1.75
2.7 2.35 5.29 15.74 28.69 8.1 1.10 1.27 1.53 1.70
2.8 2.27 5.00 14.47 25.99 8.2 1.10 1.25 1.49 1.64
2.9 2.19 4.74 13.36 23.65 8.3 1.09 1.23 1.46 1.60
3.0 2.12 4.50 12.38 21.59 8.4 1.08 1.22 1.42 1.55
3.1 2.06 4.29 11.50 19.79 8.5 1.08 1.20 1.39 1.50
3.2 2.00 4.09 10.71 18.19 8.6 1.07 1.18 1.36 1.46
3.3 1.95 3.91 10.01 16.77 8.7 1.07 1.17 1.33 1.42
3.4 1.90 3.75 9.38 15.51 8.8 1.06 1.15 1.30 1.38
3.5 1.86 3.60 8.80 14.37 8.9 1.05 1.14 1.27 1.34
3.6 1.82 3.46 8.28 13.35 9.0 1.05 1.13 1.24 1.30
3.7 1.78 3.33 7.80 12.43 9.1 1.04 1.11 1.21 1.27
3.8 1.74 3.21 7.37 11.60 9.2 1.04 1.10 1.18 1.23
3.9 1.71 3.10 6.97 10.85 9.3 1.03 1.08 1.16 1.20
4.0 1.68 3.00 6.60 10.16 9.4 1.03 1.07 1.13 1.17
4.1 1.65 2.90 6.26 9.53 9.5 1.02 1.06 1.11 1.14
4.2 1.62 2.81 5.95 8.96 9.6 1.02 1.05 1.09 1.11
4.3 1.59 2.73 5.66 8.44 9.7 1.01 1.03 1.06 1.08
4.4 1.57 2.65 5.39 7.95 9.8 1.01 1.02 1.04 1.05
4.5 1.54 2.57 5.14 7.51 9.9 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.02
4.6 1.52 2.50 4.91 7.10 10.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
4.7 1.50 2.43 4.69 6.72 10.5 0.98 0.95 0.91 0.88
4.8 1.48 2.37 4.49 6.37 11.0 0.96 0.90 0.83 0.79
4.9 1.46 2.31 4.30 6.04 11.5 0.94 0.86 0.75 0.70
5.0 1.44 2.25 4.13 5.74 12.0 0.92 0.82 0.69 0.63
5.1 1.42 2.20 3.96 5.46 12.5 0.91 0.78 0.64 0.57
5.2 1.41 2.14 3.80 5.19 13.0 0.90 0.75 0.59 0.52
5.3 1.39 2.09 3.65 4.95 13.5 0.88 0.72 0.55 0.47
5.4 1.37 2.05 3.52 4.72 14.0 0.87 0.69 0.51 0.43
5.5 1.36 2.00 3.38 4.50 14.5 0.86 0.67 0.47 0.39
5.6 1.34 1.96 3.26 4.30 15.0 0.85 0.64 0.44 0.36
5.7 1.33 1.91 3.14 4.11 15.5 0.84 0.62 0.41 0.43
5.8 1.32 1.88 3.03 3.94 16.0 0.83 0.60 0.39 0.31
5.9 1.30 1.84 2.93 3.77 16.5 0.82 0.58 0.36 0.29
6.0 1.29 1.80 2.83 3.61 17.0 0.81 0.56 0.34 0.26
6.1 1.28 1.76 2.73 3.47 17.5 0.80 0.55 0.32 0.25
6.2 1.27 1.73 2.64 3.33 18.0 0.79 0.53 0.31 0.23
6.3 1.26 1.70 2.56 3.19 18.5 0.78 0.51 0.29 0.21
6.4 1.25 1.67 2.48 3.07 19.0 0.78 0.50 0.28 0.20
6.5 1.24 1.64 2.40 2.95 19.5 0.77 0.49 0.26 0.19
20.0 0.76 0.47 0.25 0.18
IDMT protections (cont’d)

SIT standard inverse curve VIT very inverse or LTI long time inverse curve
t (s) t (s)
100.00 100.00
10.00 10.00
curve (T = 1s)
curve (T = 1s)
1.00 1.00
I/Is I/Is
0.10 0.10
1 10 100 1 10 100
EIT extremely inverse curve UIT ultra inverse curve
t (s) t (s)
1 000.00 1 000.00
100.00 100.00
curve (T = 1s) curve (T = 1s)
10.00 10.00
1.00 1.00
I/Is I/Is
0.10 0.10
1 10 100 1 10 100
RI Curve
t (s)
10.00
1.00
0.10 I/Is
1 10 100
Control and monitoring functions
Each control and monitoring function requires

separate parameter setting and appropriate wiring.
Trip circuit supervision and matching
Therefore, not all of the functions are available at the
same time.
This monitoring function is intended for trip circuits.
e.g. when the logic discrimination function is used, the
switching of settings groups function may not be c Shunt-trip coil circuits.
used. The function detects: A D
v wire disconnected, coil burnt out, 5
v loss of power supply, O1 +
_
v position contact discrepancy. 4
Output relay testing The function inhibits closing of
the breaking device. M
This function is activated via the SFT 2841 and
(1) 1
I11
controls each output relay individually. The relay 2
changes status for a period of 5 s. This function is I12 4
especially useful in the commissioning and fault 5
tracking phases.
(1)
or via advanced UMI.
c Undervoltage release coil circuits. A
The function detects: 5 +
v position contact discrepancy, in O1 _
which case coil supervision is not necessary. 4 D
M
1
I11
2
I12 4
5
Block diagram
I11
&
I12 t 0
≥1 1 trip circuit
T = 200 ms supervision
reset
0
&
Disturbance record triggering (OPG)
Triggering according to
selected protection functions
pick-up
≥1
manual trig SFT 2841

TC10
& OPG trig
SFT 2841 ≥1
trig inhibit
TC8
&
SFT 2841
trig enable
TC9
≥1
SFT 2841
manual trig
TC10
Circuit breaker / In order for operation to take place in accordance with the block diagram, the
Sepam 1000+ must have the necessary logic inputs (MES 108 or MES 114 module
contactor control required) and the corresponding parameter setting and wiring must be done.
The functions that trigger tripping may be latched individually at the time of
Use parameter setting and reset according to several modes.
This function controls the breaking device:
c tripping by:
v protections,
“RESET” key
v remote control,
v external protection. acknowledgment
c closing by: & ≥1 reset
v recloser, remote control
enable (I25)
v remote control.
c inhibition of closing by: external reset (I14)
v device control fault,
v SF6 pressure drop.
It is coordinated with the recloser function.
Block diagram (1)
(I26) SF6 pressure drop SF6.1

T 0
≥1
(I25) SF6 pressure drop SF6.2 T = 200 ms
trip circuit
≥1 ≥1 O2
supervision inhibit closing
tripping protection functions: .

- overcurrent . ≥1
.
- ...
(I21) external tripping 1
(I22) external tripping 2 ≥1

≥1
(I23) external tripping 3 0 T
≥1 O1
(TC1) open order T = 200 ms tripping (shunt /
(I26) inhibition F49 undervoltage)
&
thermal overload 49 tripping
“open” order by recloser
(I12) device closed

TC2 close order
protection 66: starts per hour 0 T
& & O11
& T = 200 ms
(I25) remote control enable & close order
≥1 (I12) device
“close” order by recloser closed
(I26) inhibition F49
&
inhibit start
(thermal overload)
(1) data used in the logic block diagram depend on the Sepam type, availability of MES 108, 114 option and general parameters.
Control and monitoring functions (cont’d)
Logic discrimination With this type of system, the time delays should be set with respect to the element
to be protected without considering the discrimination aspect.
Use
This function is used to obtain:
c full tripping discrimination,
c a substantial reduction in delayed tripping of the Operating principle
circuit breakers located nearest to the source BI transmission
(drawback of the classical time-based discrimination
function).
The system applies to the definite time (DT) and
IDMT (standard inverse time SIT, very inverse time O3
level “n+1”
VIT, extremely inverse time EIT and ultra inverse time Sepam
UIT) phase overcurrent and earth fault protections. I13
-
+
O3 outputs
other level O3
“n” Sepams level “n”
Sepam
I13
td : X+0.9s
td : X+0.6s
BI receipt
td : X+0.3s When a fault occurs in a radial network, the fault current flows through the circuit
between the source and the location of the fault:
c the protection devices upstream from the fault are triggered,
td : Xs c the protection devices downstream from the fault are not triggered,
c only the first protection device upstream from the fault should trip.
Each Sepam is capable of transmitting and receiving blocking input orders except
for motor* Sepams which can only transmit blocking input orders.
When a Sepam is triggered by a fault current:
e.g. radial distribution with use of time-based discrimination c it transmits a blocking input order from output O3 (1),
(td: tripping time, definite time curves). c it trips the associated circuit breaker if it does not receive a blocking input order
on input I13 (2).
Transmission of the blocking input lasts for the time required to clear the fault. It is
interrupted after a time delay that takes into account the breaking device operation
time and the protection reset time.
This system makes it possible to minimize the duration of the fault, optimize
discrimination and guarantee safety in downgraded situations (wiring or switchgear
failures).
td : Xs
MERLIN GERIN
td : Xs
MERLIN GERIN
td : Xs
order AL
MERLIN GERIN
td : Xs
MERLIN GERIN
(*) Motor Sepams do not involve the receipt of blocking input orders since they are intended
for loads only.
(1)
parameter setting by default.
e.g. radial distribution with use of the Sepam logic (2)
according to parameter setting and presence of an additional MES 108 or 114 module.
discrimination system.
Block diagram: substation – transformer applications
(2)
overcurrent
(1)
inst relay 1 (group A) output Oxx : BI transmission
inst relay 2 (group A)
to BI transmission
earth fault
(2) ≥1
inst relay 1 (group A) &
T 0
inst relay 2 (group A)
T = 0,2 s
inhibition of BI transmission
BI transmission if fault is not cleared
BI receipt overcurrent (time)
time-delayed relay 1 (group B)
time delay settings time-delayed relay 2 (group B)
for time-based earth fault (time) ≥1
discrimination ≥1
time-delayed relay 1 (group B) tripping (01)
overcurrent (logic discrim)

time-delayed relay 1 (group A)
time delay settings time-delayed relay 2 (group A)
for logic ≥1
earth fault (logic discrim)
discrimination
time-delayed relay 1 (group A) &
time-delayed relay 2 (group A)
log. Input I13: AL receipt
Block diagram: motor applications
(2)
overcurrent
(1)
inst. relay 1 (group A) output Oxx : BI transmission
inst. relay 2 (group A)
(2) to BI transmission
earth fault ≥1
inst. relay 1 (group A) &
T 0
inst. relay 2 (group A)
T = 0.2 s
overcurrent inhibition of BI
transmission
earth fault ≥1 tripping
(1)
according to parameter setting (O3 by default).
(2)
Instantaneous trip correspond to pick-up information
Pilot wire testing

The pilot wire may be tested using the output relay testing function.
Parameter and protection settings
Protection settings on Trip I>51 Io>51N Io>>51N ext SF6 0 off I on
The Sepam 1000+ can be set:

c via the front panel when Sepam 1000+ is equipped
with the advanced UMI function. Function keys (blue)
may be used to navigate in the menu and to scroll
and accept the displayed values. I1 = 162A
Main functions performed:
v changing of passwords,
I2 = 161A
v entry of general parameters, I3 = 163A
v entry of protection settings.
c via a PC equipped with the SFT 2841 software
package connected to the front panel for all types of
Sepam 1000+.
Menus guide the user through the different phases of clear reset
parameter and protection setting by a series of

windows suited to each operation.
The SFT 2841 software package may be used for
Sepam 1000+ parameter and protection setting in
connected or unconnected mode. The unconnected
mode allows all the parameter settings to be prepared
ahead of time and loaded in a single operation when
the Sepam 1000+ is connected on site (downloading).
Main functions performed by the SFT2841:
c changing of passwords,
c entry of general parameters (ratings, integration
period, …),
c entry of protection settings,
c changing of program logic assignments,
c enabling/disabling of functions,
c saving of files.
Program logic parameter

setting
Program logic parameter setting consists mainly of
assigning the data from the protection function to the
signal lamps and output relays. This parameter Example of phase overcurrent protection setting screen.
setting is done by entering the data in the chart in the
SFT 2841 software.
Example of parameter setting.

Program logic by default
Each Sepam 1000+ has program logic by default
according to type (S20, T20,…) as well as messages
for the different signal lamps.
The functions are assigned according to the most
frequent use of the unit. This parameter setting may
be customized if required using the SFT 2841
software package.
Example: Sepam S20 equipped with optionnal module MES 114

output signal lamps associated
functions
functions O1 O2 O3 O4 O11 O12 O13 O14 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8
phase protection 50/51-1 c c c c c breaker control
(latching) 50/51-2 c c c c c
earth fault protection 50N/51N-1 c c c c c
50N/51N-2 c c c c c
unbalance 46 c c c
protection
recloser 79 c c
open position I11 c trip circuit
closed position I12 c supervision
blocking input I13 logic selectivity
receipt
line switch open (1) I14
tripping by I21 c
external protection
I22
I23
I24
remote control I25 remote control
enable
SF6 pressure drop I26 c c
blocking c logic selectivity
input transmission
“pick-up” signal disturbance
recording triggering
watchdog c
Output Signal lamps

O1 - tripping L1 - trip
O2 - inhibit closing L2 - I > 51
O3 - BI transmission L3 - Io > 51N
O4 - watchdog L4 - Io >> 51N
O11 - close order L5 - ext
O12 - phase fault indication L6 - SF6
O13 - earth fault indication L7 - off
O14 – earth fault indication L8 - on
(1)
or CB withdrawned position.
Parameter and protection settings (cont’d)
Example: Sepam T20 equipped with optionnal module MES 114

functions
50N/51N-2 c c c c c
unbalance 46 c c c
protection
received blocking I13 logic selectivity
signal
line switch open (1) I14
Buchholz I21 c c c c
trip
thermostat I22 c c c c
trip
Buchholz I23
alarm
thermostat I24
alarm
enable
SF6 pressure drop I26 c
blocking c logic selectivity
input transmission
watchdog c
Output Signal lamps

(1)
Example: Sepam M20 equipped with optionnal module MES 114
functions
50N/51N-2 c c c c c
unbalance 46 c c c
protection
thermal overload 49RMS c c
phase 37 c
undercurrent
excessive starting 48/51LR c
time, locked rotor
starts per hour 56 c
temperature alarm 49T
monitoring
temperature trip 49T c c
monitoring
line switch open (1)
I14
external trip I21 c c c
motor I22
reacceleration
I23
I24
enable
SF6 pressure drop I26 c
émission attente c logic selectivity
logique
watchdog c
Output Signal lamps

(1)
Parameter and protection settings (cont’d)
Example: Sepam B20 equipped with optionnal module MES 114

functions
positive sequence 27D c c
undervoltage
setting 1
positive sequence 27D c c c
undervoltage
setting 2
remanent 27R c c
undervoltage
undervoltage 27 c c
setting 1
undervoltage 27 c c c
setting 2
overvoltage 59 c c
setting 1
overvoltage 59 c c c
setting 2
residual overvoltage 59N c c
setting 1
residual overvoltage 59N c c c
setting 2
overfrequency 81L c c c
underfrequency 81H c c
setting 1
underfrequency 81H c c c
setting 2
watchdog c
Output Signal lamps

O2 - positive sequence undervoltage signal 1 L2 - U < 27
O3 - remanent voltage signal L3 - U < 27D
O4 - watchdog L4 - U < 27R
O11 - undervoltage signal 1 L5 - U > 59
O12 - overvoltage signal 1 L6 - U > 59N
O13 - residual overvoltage signal 1 L7 - F > 81H
O14 - underfrequence signal 1 L8 - F > 81L
Characteristics
Size and weight

Sepam 1000+ base unit
Front panel flush-mounting
Top view Side view cutout

162
mounting latch
176 160
222 198 202
Mounting shown with advanced UMI Mounting sheet thickness < 3 mm.
and optional MES 114 module.
Weight = approx. 1.2 kg without option. 31 98
Weight = approx. 1.7 kg with option.
“Terminal block” mounting with AMT840 plate 6,5

Used to mount the Sepam at the back of the
compartment with access to the connectors on the 40
rear panel.
Mounting associated with the use of the remote
advanced UMI (DSM303). 40
40
230
40
40
15
216
236
176
123 98
Characteristics (cont’d)
DSM 303 module Cutout
144
7
11
98.5
Cutout dimensions for flush-mounting

2 (mounting plate thickness < 3 mm).
16
25 (1
)
Weight approx. 0.3 kg MET 148 module

(1) depth with connection cord: 70 mm.
4
14
ACE 949 communication
interface module
88 MET148
Weight approx. 0.2 kg
88 (1) depth with connection
cord: 70 mm.
30 (
1)
30 (1
)
72
MSA 141 module

(1) depth with connection cord: 70 mm.
4
14
88
MSA141
(1) depth with connection

30 ( cord: 70 mm.
1)
CSH 120, CSH 200 Dimensions D
core balance CTs 4 horizontal

mounting holes dia. 5
The specially designed CSH 120 and CSH 200 core
balance CTs are used for direct residual current
measurement. The only difference between them
is their diameter and they can both operate with
2 selected ratings:
c 2 A rating:
F H øA K B
set points from 0.2 A to 30 A,
c 20 A rating:
set points from 2 A to 300 A.
Characteristics:
c dinner diameter: 4 vertical
v CSH 120: dia. 120 mm mounting holes dia. 5
v CSH 200: dia. 200 mm J L
c accuracy: +5% at 20°C
c transformer ratio: 1/470 E
c maximum permissible current: 20 kA-1s
c operating temperature: -25°C to +70°C
dimensions (mm) weight (kg)
c storage temperature: -40°C to +85°C
c drift in accuracy related to temperature: +1% A B D E F H J K L
c the wiring resistance should be < 10 Ω. CSH 120
120 164 44 190 76 40 166 62 35 0.6
CSH 200
200 256 46 274 120 60 257 104 37 1.4
Mounted directly on Mounted on plate or rail.

cable.
CSH 30 interposing ring CT Dimensions

60 29
The CSH 30 interposing ring CT is used when the
residual current is measured using 1 A or 5 A current 8 4
transformers.
It should be installed near the Sepam input
(max. distance 2 m).
ø 30 50 16
82
5
2 ø 4.5
2 ø 4.5
Horizontal CSH 30 mounting Vertical CSH 30 mounting weight : 0.12 kg

Characteristics (cont’d)
Electrical characteristics
analog inputs
current transformer (1) 1 A CT < 0.001 VA
1 A to 6250 A ratings 5 A CT < 0.025 VA
voltage transformer 100 to 120 V > 100 kΩ
220 V to 250 kV ratings
input for RCD (2)
type of RCD Pt 100 Ni 100 / 120
isolation from earth no no
logic inputs
voltage (2)
24 to 250 Vdc -20/+10% (from 19.2 to 275 Vdc)
consumption 3 mA typical
logic outputs (O&, O2, O11 contacts) (2)
voltage DC 24 / 48 Vdc 127 Vdc 220 Vdc
AC (47.5 to 63 Hz) 100 to 240 Vac
continuous rating 8A 8A 8A 8A
breaking resistive load 8/4A 0.7 A 0.3 A
capacity
L/R load < 20 ms 6/2A 0.5 A 0.2 A
L/R load < 40 ms 4/1A 0.2 A 0.1 A
resistive load - 8A
load p.f. > 0.3 - 5A
logic outputs (O3, O4, O12, O13, O14 contacts) (2)
voltage DC 24 / 48 Vdc 127 Vdc 220 Vdc

AC (47.5 to 63 Hz) 100 to 240 Vac
continuous rating 2A 2A 2A
breaking L/R load < 20 ms 2/1A 0.5 A 0.15 A
capacity
load p.f. > 0.3 - 1A
power supply (2)
range deactivated cons. (3) max. cons. (3) inrush current

24 Vdc -20% +50 % (19.2 to 36 Vdc) 3 to 6 W 7 to 11 W < 10 A for 10 ms
48 / 250 Vdc -20% +10 % 2 to 4.5 W 6 to 8 W < 10 A for 10 ms
110 / 240 Vac -20% +10 % (47.5 to 63 Hz) 3 to 9 VA 9 to 15 VA < 15 A for
first half-period
analog output
current 4 - 20 mA, 0 - 20 mA, 0 - 10 mA
load impedance < 600 Ω (wiring included) (2)
accuracy 0.5%
(1)
wiring :maximum core section ≤ 6 mm2 (≥ AWG 10) and ring lug terminal ø 4 mm.
(2)
wiring :1 wire maximum core section 0.2 to 2.5 mm2 (≥ AWG 24-12) or 2 wires maximum core section 0.2 to 1mm2 (≥ AWG 24-16).
(3)
according to configuration.
Environmental characteristics
isolation
dielectric withstand at power frequency IEC 60255-5 2 kVrms – 1 mn (1)
1.2/50 µs impulse wave IEC 60255-5 5 kV (2)
electromagnetic compatibility
fast transient bursts IEC 60255-22-4 class IV
IEC 61000-4-4 level IV
1 MHZ damped oscillating wave IEC 60255-22-1 class III
immunity to radiated fields IEC 60255-22-3 class X 30 V/m
IEC 61000-4-3 level III 10 V/m
immunity to conducted RF disturbances IEC 61000-4-6 level III 10 V
electrostatic discharge IEC 60255-22-2 class III 6 kV / 8 kV (contact / air)
IEC 61000-4-2 level III
conducted disturbance emission EN 55022 / CISPR 22 class B on aux. supply (4)
disturbing field emission EN 55022 / CISPR 22 class A (5)
mechanical robustness
degree of protection IEC 60529 IP 52 on front panel
other sides closed
(except for rear IP20)
vibrations IEC 60255-21-1 class II
shocks / jolts IEC 60255-21-2 class II
earthquakes IEC 60255-21-3 class II
fire resistance IEC 60695-2-1 glow wire 630°C
climatic withstand
operation IEC 60068-1 and 2 0°C to +55°C
(-25°C to +70°C) (3)
storage IEC 60068-1 and 2 -25°C to +70°C

damp heat IEC 60068-2-3 93% RH at 40°C,
56 days (storage)
10 days (operation)
(1)
except for communication 1 kVrms.
(2)
except for communication 3 kV common mode, 1 kV differential mode.
(3)
option.
(4)
generic EN 50081-1 standard.
(5)
generic EN 50081-2 standard.
Ordering information
When ordering, please enclose a photocopy

of this page with your order, filling in the requested
Sepam 1000+ quantity
quantities in the spaces provided and ticking off Type of Sepam
the boxes to indicate your choices.
type integrated advanced UMI
substation .......................... S20 .............................................................
transformer ........................ T20 ..............................................................
motor .................................. M20 .............................................................
busbar ................................ B20 .............................................................
auxiliary power supply ................... 24 Vdc ............................................................
....................................................... 48 to 250 Vdc or 100 to 240 Vac ...................
operating temperature ................... 0 °C, +55 °C ...................................................
....................................................... -25 °C, +70 °C ................................................
working language .......................... English / French .............................................
....................................................... English / Spanish ...........................................
....................................................... English / Italian ...............................................
user’s manual ................................ French ............................................................

....................................................... English ............................................................
Separate modules
and optional accessories quantity
residual current sensors .................................... CSH 120 ...........................
........................................................................... CSH 200 ...........................
interposing ring CT
for residual current input ................................... CSH 30 .............................
4 input + 4 output module ................................. MES 108 ..........................
10 input + 4 output module ............................... MES 114 ...........................
8 temperature sensor module ........................... MET 148 ...........................
analog output module ........................................ MSA 141 ...........................
remote advanced UMI module (1) ...................................... DSM 303 ..........................
RS485 network interface (2) ..................................................... ACE 949 ...........................
remote module connection cable L = 0.6 m ...... CCA 770 ...........................
remote module connection cable L = 2 m ......... CCA 772 ...........................
remote module connection cable L = 4 m ......... CCA 774 ...........................
PC parameter setting and operation
software kit (3) .......................................................................................... SFT 2841 ..........................
rear cover (lead sealing kit) ............................... AMT 843 ...........................
mounting plate ................................................... AMT 840 ...........................
RS485 / RS232 converter ................................. ACE 909-2 ........................
RS485 / RS485 interface .................................. ACE 919 CA .....................
RS485 / RS485 interface .................................. ACE 919 CC .....................
core balance CT interface ................................. ACE 990 ...........................
Notes:
(1)
not compatible with Sepam units equipped with integrated advanced UMI
(2)
including the CCA612 connection cord
(3)
kit including the CCA783 connection cord and SFT 2826 software
Schneider Electric Postal address As standards, specifications and designs change from This document has been
F-38050 Grenoble cedex 9 time to time, please ask for confirmation of the information printed on ecological paper.
Tel : 33 (0)4 76 57 60 60 given in this publication.
Telex : merge 320842 F
http://www.schneider-electric.com
Publishing: Schneider Electric
Design, production: Idra

Merlin Gerin Sepam 1000+

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Protection

Sepam 1000+ is a simple, reliable range of protection Diagnosis function

MES 108 module (1) ACE 949 module (1)

MET 148 module (1)

MSA 141 module (1)

SFT 2826 disturbance

(1) Optional additional module.

In addition to the standard UMI functions, this version

Parameter - protection settings (1)

Operating assistance e.g. phase overcurrent protection setting screen.

modes available via 2 passwords (protection setting level,

parameter setting level).

Presentation Switchgear diagnosis assistance measurements

Unbalance ratio / negative sequence current

Thermal capacity used voltmeter positive 0.05 to 1.5 Vnp (8)

Voltages temperature - 30 °C to + 200 °C (9) ±1 °C (4)

c Measurement of phase-to-neutral voltages V1, V2

Thermal overload (ANSI 49) Remanent undervoltage (ANSI 27R)

Breaking device control Annunciation (ANSI 30)

Latching / acknowledgment (ANSI 86) Remote annunciation

Allows a logic input to take into account the restarting

S20 / T20 / M20 types L1

S20 T20 M20

Other connection scheme

Connection of 2 current transformers. 4

Residual current 3 (L1, L2, L3) 3 (L1, L2, L3)

c Connection of CSH interposing ring CTs to 1 A

Phase and residual voltages L1

The 4 basic outputs may be extended as an option O11

N.B. The inputs are potential-free, the DC supply 15

DSM 303 1 A MET 148 B 1

Rc < 600 W wiring included.

MET 148 module

Modbus communication (Jbus profile) may be used Other functions

Program logic data readout

MERLIN GERIN MERLIN GERIN

connection cable (3).

module (ACE 949) L- L+ V- V+

Remote indications and Assignment of remote indications

Assignment of remote control orders

Metering functions are accessible from two menus: Characteristics

Operation residual current 0.1 to 20 Ino (1)

Unbalance ratio / negative Characteristics

the two formulas are equivalent when there

Disturbance recording Principle

Phase-to-phase voltages Characteristics

Each RTD channel gives one measurement:

Time delayed reset

IDMT protection principle.

If Sepam is connected to 2 phase current sensors I1

the two formulas are equivalent when there is no Characteristics

Negative sequence / IDMT tripping curve

What is the tripping time at 0.6 Ib? 100

0.05 min. curve (T=0,1s)

0.05 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 1 2 3 5 7 10 20

T max E > Es2

195 2.6237 2.0149 1.6695 1.4343 1.2597 1.1231 1.0126 0.9209

200 3.0210 2.1972 1.7866 1.5198 1.3266 1.1778 1.0586 0.9605

200 2.3755 1.6094 1.2483 1.0245 0.8688 0.7531 0.6633 0.5914

Case of current sag

Case of circuit breaker tripping.

Excessive starting time, Operation