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PROJECT REPORT
Done by:
4. Sinan Taifour
Supervision by:
Topic PAGE
2. Approach 5
6. Future Work 14
7. References 15
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List of figures and tables
Page Figure/Table
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1. Introduction, Rationale and Goal
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2. Approach
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The digital oscilloscope process is quite complicated; a general data-
flow would consist of a number of sequential processes. The signal has to be
sampled, digitized, processed and displayed to the user. Also, the user has to
be able to interact with the device to access different modes and options.
Thus, the system contains only one controlling and processing unit, to
drive the ADC external unit and process its data to provide the enough
information to start the LCD and control the inside controller it has, this
allowed us to save space and lower the power consumption to a great rate,
that allowed more portability in our design.
For the triggering system, the user defines the triggering level and
triggering edge. Before reading the signal, a sample is taken and compared to
the previous sample. First we check if the triggering level is located between
the values of the two samples. Then, we check for the desired edge by
observing whether the samples are increasing or decreasing.
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2.1 Component Selection
Selecting the components took a major time of this project. We tried to
find the most suitable components to meet the goal of our project. We did not
limit ourselves to the components available in the local market, but rather
looked into online catalogs of electronic components providers. We tried to
contact surplus components providers in an effort to get better prices.
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Our criteria for choosing the ADC was to maximize the sampling rate
while keeping the price reasonable. We also limited ourselves to chips in DIP
packages only, as dealing with surface mounted devices has proved to be
troublesome to be done by ourselves after some testing, and expensive to be
done by a professional. We eventually determined to use the AD7822/25/27
family from Analog Devices. This family comes in DIP, provides up to 2 MSps,
allows for external power down and offers 1, 4 or 8 channels In the current
model the AD7822 that costs 10$ is used, which contains 1 channel, as
needed.
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The analog voltage input to the ADC has to be in the range 0v-2.5v
when the chip is operated using a 5v power source. Thus, any signal has to
be adjusted before passing it to the ADC. Signals with small amplitude ( less
than 1.25v ) have to be properly amplified and large signals ( larger than
1.25v ) have to be properly attenuated to match the swing of 2.5v from -1.25v
to +1.25v.
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3.2 Sampling and Digitization:
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At the end of conversion the ADC sends the End-Of-Conversion (EOF) signal
to the microcontroller.
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1. Output Devices:
o Graphical LCD: the output device for the oscilloscope which
present the signals and the values measured by the controller
and the analog to digital converter.
2. Input Devices:
o Knobs: to change the voltage, time divisions.
o Switches:
o probes: are the input for the signal we measure.
Mode of operation:
User in the default mode has main axes on the LCD; the axes are
divided so it will be easy to the user to measure the (time, voltage) values. To
display any specific values like the voltage and time divisions user has to
press a switch key so they will be displayed temporarily,, to save the space on
the LCD, as he is pressing that switch. Time and voltages needed to be
modified to get best view for the signal measured. Text displayed while
pressing the switch will overwrite the displayed signal or the main axes only
the areas occupied by the characters, which optimizes the space.
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Figure 8.The oscilloscope in action, the text information.
In its current state the device can display signals up to 200 KHz (that
is, 5 samples per cycle at 1 MSps). The device can be upgraded to display
signals up to 400 KHz by merely changing a single resonator on-circuit (thus,
increasing the sampling rate to 2 MSps).
This frequency limit was imposed (as mentioned above) by the inability
and inefficiency of using surface mount devices, which limited us to DIP
analog to digital chips, with a maximum rate of 2MSps.
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Although the device doesn't currently contain a lot of features, our
design approach leaves a lot of processing time to add features in the future
in a very flexible manner.
6. Future Work
Enhancing Portability:
Adding another channel to the device will allow the user to monitor 2
signals at the same time on the LCD. Furthermore, a plot of the varying
voltage on one channel versus the other can be generated, in what is known
as the X-Y mode. This is especially useful for graphing I-V curves (current
versus voltage characteristics) for components such as diodes, as well as
Lissajous patterns. Lissajous figures are an example of how an oscilloscope
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can be used to track phase and frequency differences between multiple input
signals. This is very frequently used in broadcast engineering, to plot the left
and right stereophonic channels, to ensure that the stereo generator is
calibrated properly. [1]
Plug in Ad-ons:
This will allow the user to attach external devices and sensors to the
Oscilloscope and will allow him to gather data from those devices, which will
give him some great options and extra functionality to the system.
This will allow the user to save screen shots inside the internal memory
(or by adding an extra memory if required), and view them later on the LCD or
download them to the PC for further analysis.
7. References
1. Oscilloscopes , wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscilloscope
2. The dsPIC 30f4011 data sheet:
http://www.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/70135E.pdf
3. The LCD (WG12864A) data sheet:
http://www.spezial.de/doc/winsta/wg12864atmiv+_rev01.pdf
4. The LM358 Low Power Dual Operational Amplifier datasheet:
http://www.national.com/ds/LM/LM158.pdf.
5. The AD7822/25/29 Data sheet:
http://www.analog.com/UploadedFiles/Data_Sheets/11234439AD7822_25_29
_b.pdf
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