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Convention Paper
Text of paper presented at the 125th AES Convention, October 3, 2008
2008 October 2–5 San Francisco, CA, USA
The papers at this Convention have been selected on the basis of a submitted abstract and extended precis that have been peer
reviewed by at least two qualified anonymous reviewers. This convention paper has been reproduced from the author's advance
manuscript, without editing, corrections, or consideration by the Review Board. The AES takes no responsibility for the contents.
Additional papers may be obtained by sending request and remittance to Audio Engineering Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New
York, New York 10165-2520, USA; also see www.aes.org. All rights reserved. Reproduction of this paper, or any portion thereof,
is not permitted without direct permission from the Journal of the Audio Engineering Society.
ABSTRACT
A software application has been developed to provide an accessible method, based on signal subtraction, to
determine whether or not an audio signal may have been perceptibly changed by passing through components,
cables, or similar processes or treatments. The goals of the program, the capabilities required of it, its effectiveness
and the algorithms it uses are described. The program is made freely available for use in such tests.
program material
REFERENCE
in out
or system configuration
REFERENCE
swept sine recording
sound card COMPARED
Stimulus
line in data out
SOURCE deconvolve
w/ swept sine
clock in
system configuration to impulse
in out
be COMPARED response
REFERENCE EQ
COMPARED EQ
REFERENCE track
subtract DIFFERENCE track
REFERENCE EQ compensated
compensate for Gain,
COMPARED track
convolve deconvolve
COMPARED track Delay, Sample Rate
COMPARED EQ
compare energy
initial gain and iterate for delay and iterate for gain
delay adjustment speed parameters parameters
cross-correlate
In rectangular notation, it is
R = 20 log(| 1 − 10 E / 20 |) [dB]
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-50
R = 2 − 2 cos θ
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-70
-75
-80
or in decibels relative to the original level:
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-50
The gain matching relationship is shown in figure 6. To
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achieve 50 decibels of null depth for any frequency
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Null Depth [dB]
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component, the gain match must be within 0.02
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decibels. For 70 decibels depth, better than 0.003
-75 decibels of matching accuracy is required. Gain is easily
-80 varied by scaling in either the time or frequency
-85 domain. Fine optimization of gain parameters is done in
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0.000 0.050 0.100 0.150 0.200 0.250 0.300
Audio DiffMaker after the time alignment has first been
Phase Error [deg] completed and applied to a track section.