COMBINED WORKING OF MAGNETO HYDRO DYNAMIC

POWER GENERATOR WITH THERMAL POWER PLANT

NITIN AGGARWAL**

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

H.C.T.M. KAITHAL

RAVI SHARMA*

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

H.C.T.M. KAITHAL

ravi.hctm@gmail.com

GAURAV SHARMA*

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

H.C.T.M. KAITHAL

JITENDER KUMAR*

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

H.C.T.M. KAITHAL

jitender.hctm@gmail.com

BHANU PARTAP SINGH*

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

H.C.T.M. KAITHAL

bhanu.hctm@gmail.com
 ABSTRACT
MHD power generation is a new
system of electrical power generation
which is said to be of high efficiency
and low pollution .In advanced
countries MHD generation are widely
used but in developing countries is
still under construction. Efficiency
matters the most for establishing a
power plant, the MHD power plant
have an overall efficiency of 55-60%.
But a thermal power plant have an
efficiency of only 35% means the
power generation by a thermal power
plant is not efficient. However, the
efficiency of this plant can be
increased by combining this power
plant with MHD power plant. by
combining these two we will obtain
an overall efficiency of 50%.
1. INTRODUCTION
The Magneto Hydrodynamic power
generation technology (MHD ) is the
production of electrical power utilizing a
high temperature conducting plasma
moving through an intense magnetic
field. The conversion process in MHD
was initially described by Michael
Faraday in 1893. Electric energy
occupies top grade in the energy
hierarchy. It finds innumerable use in the
home, industries, agriculture and even in
transport. The fact that electricity can be
transported practically instantaneously is
almost pollution frees at the consumer
level and that its use can be controlled
very easily make it very attractive as
compared to form of energy. The per
capita consumption of electricity in any
country is an index of the standard of
living of the people in that country.
2 PRICIPLE OF MHD
POWER GENERATION
The principle of MHD generation is
simply that discovered by faraday: when
an electric conductor moves across a
magnetic field, a is induced in it which
produces an electric current. This is the
principle of conventional generator also,
where the conductor consist of copper
strips. In MHD generator, the solid
conductors are replace by a gaseous
conductor ; an ionized gas. If such a gas
is passed at a high velocity through a
power full magnetic field, a current is
generated and extracted by placing
electrodes in a suitable position in the
stream. This arrangement as illustrated
in fig. provide dc power directly. [5]
The principle can be explained follows
an electric conductor moving through a
magnetic field experiences a retarding
force as well as an induced electric field
and current. This effect is a result
faraday’s law of electromagnetic
induction. he induced E.M.F is given by
Eind = µ×B
Where u is the velocity of the conductor
and B is the magnetic field intensity as
shown in fig. the induced current density
is
Jind = σ
The Lorentz Force Law describes the
effects of a charged particle moving in a
constant magnetic field. The simplest
form of this law is given by the vector
equation.
 u is the velocity of the conductor and B
is the magnetic field intensity.

Magneto means magnetic field

Hydro means liquid
Dynamic means movements
3 Combine mhd &steam plant
in a MHD generator it is not a solid
metal conductor but a gaseous
conductor-in fact a high temperature
ionized gas-that passes across the
magnetic field created by a powerful
magnet. the combustion products of
Fig.1 Principle of MHD Generator[1] coal as the working fluid, the electrical
PRINCIPAL OF MHD POWER conductivity of which is enhanced by the
GENERATION addition of potassium carbonate “seed”.
Jind = σ A typical coal-fired, commercially
The Lorentz Force Law describes the viable MHD generator converts about 20
effects of a charged particle moving in a per cent of the thermal input power to
constant magnetic field. The simplest
form of this law is given by the vector direct current electricity. Hence, at the
equation. exit of the generator most of the thermal
F= Q. (v×B) energy is still in the gas but it is no
longer usable for MHD power
Where production due to its low electrica.l
• The vector F is the force acting conductivity. The combined MHD/steam
on the particle, cycle, shown in Figure I, is
• Q is charge of particle, thermodynamically in series and
• v is velocity of particle, electrically in parallel. It has a potential
• B is magnetic field. for converting up to 50 per cent of the
coal's energy in to electricity, compared
F is perpendicular to both v and B with 35 to 40 per cent for a conventional
according to the Right hand rule. Where power plant. In addition the MHD
generator removes most of the sulphur
from the effluent due to
sulphur/potassium reaction inherent in
the process, while at the same time
nitrogen oxides are reduced to a level.
Fig. schematic diagram combination of
mhd and steam plant
A typical commercially viable coal-fired
MHD generator, shown schematically in
Figure 5, may be 10 to 20 metres long,
with a I m2 flow cross-section and will
have hundreds of pairs of current
collecting electrodes. The generator
walls are subjected to a heat flux
a
reaching 400 W/cm2 to
corrosion/erosion resulting from the hot
(2500 K) high speed
(1000m/s) slag, sulphur and potassium
laden gas flow, and also to electric fields
that locally reach 10 kV/m. About 50 per
cent of the internal surface of the
generator is formed by electrodes.
Coal combustion was simulated by
injecting fly ash and sulphur dioxide into
the oil-fired combustor, the weight
fraction of sulphur being 0.18 per cent of
the total mass flow. The generator is one
metre long and has 56 pairs of
electrodes.
Hall (axial) electric field and electrical
power density as a function of electrode
number.

Conclusion