27.

42: a)
b)
c) Maximum torque will occur when the area is largest, which means a circle:

27.33: a) For minimum magnitude, the angle should be adjusted so that is parallel
to the ground, thus perpendicular to the current. To counter gravity, so

b) We want the magnetic force to point up. With a northward current, a westward
field will accomplish this.
28.20: On the top wire: upward.

On the middle wire, the magnetic fields cancel so the force is zero.

On the bottom wire: downward.

29.1: Φ B f = NBA, and Φ Bi = NBA cos 37.0° ⇒ ∆Φ B = NBA(1 − cos 37.0°)
∆Φ B NBA(1 − cos 37.0°)
⇒ε =− =−
∆t ∆t
(80)(1.10 T)(0.400 m)(0.25 m)(1 − cos 37.0°)
=−
0.0600 s
⇒ ε = 29.5 V.

r
29.11: Φ B = BA cos φ ; φ is the angle between the normal to the loop and B , so φ = 53°
dΦ B
ε = = ( A cos φ )(dB dt ) = (0.100 m) 2 cos 53°(1.00 × 10 −3 T s) = 6.02 × 10 −6 V
dt

29.20: a) ε = vBl = (5.0 m s)(0.750 T)(1.50 m)

= 5.6 V
b) (i)

Let q be a positive charge in the moving bar. The

r r r
magnetic force on this charge F = qv × B, which
points upward. This force pushes the current in a
counterclockwise direction through the circuit.
(ii) The flux through the circuit is increasing, so the induced current must cause a
magnetic field out of the paper to oppose this increase. Hence this current must flow in a
counterclockwise sense.

c) ε = Ri
ε 5.6 V
i= = = 0.22 A
R 25 Ω
 r → r µ Iv µ Iv d + L dr µ0 Iv  d + L 
29.61: a) dε = (v × B ) ⋅ dr = vBdr = 0 dr ⇒ ε 0 ∫ = ln .
2πr 2π d r 2π  d 
b) The magnetic force is strongest at the top end, closest to the current carrying wire.
Therefore, the top end, point a, is the higher potential since the force on positive charges
is greatest there, leading to more positives gathering at that end.
c) If the single bar was replaced by a rectangular loop, the edges parallel to the wire
would have no emf induced, but the edges perpendicular to the wire will have an emf
induced, just as in part (b). However, no current will flow because each edge will have its
highest potential closest to the current carrying wire. It would be like having two batteries
of opposite polarity connected in a loop.

29.22: a) ε = vBL = (5.00 m s)(0.450 T)(0.300 m) = 0.675 V.

b) The potential difference between the ends of the rod is just the motional emf
V = 0.675 V.
c) The positive charges are moved to end b, so b is at the higher potential.
V 0.675 V V
d) E = = = 2.25 .
L 0.300 m m
e) b

29.10: According to Faraday’s law (assuming that the area vector points in the positive z-
direction)
∆Φ 0 − (1.5 T )π (0.120 m) 2
ε =− =− = + 34 V (counterclockwise)
∆t 2.0 × 10 −3 s