Chemical Calculation and Mole Concept Revision

1 The reaction between zinc granules and dilute sulphuric acid at 25 °C can be made to go
faster by adding a small amount of copper powder. In an experiment, 0.65 g of zinc granules
and 100cm3 of 0.2 mol/dm3 sulphuric acid are allowed to react.
(a) Calculate the number of moles of zinc in 0.65 g.

(b) Calculate the number of moles of sulphuric acid in 100 cm3.

(c) Give the equation, including state symbols, for the reaction.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(d) Explain why the reaction stops. ……………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2 Sodamide, NaNH2, and urea, (NH2)2CO, are both used as fertilisers.

(a) Calculate the mass of each fertiliser that contains 14 tonnes of nitrogen. Hence state
which substances provides the more nitrogen per tonne of fertiliser.

(b) These fertilisers provide only one essential element commonly supplied as
compounds in fertilisers.
Give the name of the two other essential elements supplied as compounds in
fertilisers.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3 Derive the chemical formula for each of the following compounds.
(a) A sample of a chloride of iron containing 4.7 g of iron combined with 5.9 g of
chlorine.

(b) l9.9 g of copper sulphide containing 15.9 g of copper.

(c) A compound containing l4.9 % phosphorus and 85.1 % chlorine.

4 Find the formula of a compound consisting of 29.1 % sodium, 40.5% sulphur and 30.4%
oxygen.
1 (a) Mass of 1 mole of zinc atoms = 65 g
Number of moles of zinc in 0.65 g = 0.65 ÷ 65 = 0.01

(b) 1000 cm3 of 1 mol/dm3 of sulphuric acid contains 1 mole

100 0.2
∴ 100 cm3 of 0.2 mol/dm3 of sulphuric acid contains × ×1 = 0.02
1000 1

(c) Zn (s) + H2SO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq) + H2 (g)

(d) From the equation in (c), one mole of zinc reacts with 1 mole of acid.
In this reaction 0.01 mole of zinc reacted with 0.02 mole of acid, therefore the
reaction stopped because the zinc was used up.

2 (a) From the formulae we see that

(23 + 14 + 2) = 39 g of sodamide contains 14 g of nitrogen
∴ 14 tonnes of nitrogen can be obtained from 39 g of sodamide
(28 + 4 + 12 + 16) = 60 g of urea contains 28 g of nitrogen
∴ 14 tonnes of nitrogen can be obtained from 30 g of urea
∴ Urea provides more nitrogen per tonne of fertiliser.

(b) Phosphorus and potassium

3 (a) Iron Chlorine

Mass 4.7 g 5.9 g
Relative atomic mass 56 35.5
Atomic ratio 4 .7 5.9
= 0.0839 = 0.166
56 35 .5
Dividing by the smaller ratio 1 2

The simplest formula of the compound is FeCl2

3 (b) Copper Sulphur

Mass 15.9 19.9 – 15.9 = 4.0
Relative atomic mass 64 32
Atomic ratio 15 .9 4.0
= 0.248 = 0.125
64 32
Dividing by the smaller ratio 2 1

The simplest formula of the oxide is Cu2S

5 Phosphorus Chlorine
Percentage by mass 14.9 85.1
Relative atomic mass 31 35.5
Atomic ratio 14 .9 85 .1
= 0.481 = 2.40
31 35 .5
Dividing by the smaller ratio 1 5

The simplest formula of the compound is PCl5

4 Sodium Sulphur Oxygen

Percentage by mass 29.1 40.5 30.4
Relative atomic mass 23 32 16
Atomic ratio 29 .1 40 .5 30 .4
= 1.27 = 1.27 = 1.9
23 32 16
Dividing by the smaller ratio 1 1 1.5

The simplest formula of the compound is Na2S2O3