DAI HOC QUOC GIA TP.HO CHi MINH DE CUONG NGHIEN CUU CHE TAO MANG LOC THAM THAU NGUOC NANOCOMPOSITE POLYAMIDE - TiO, UNG DUNG KHU MUOI NUOC BIEN GVHD : TS. NGUYEN VAN A HVTH : TRAN VAN B MSHV : 00000000 TP.HCM, thang 12 nim 2009.PHAN I: DAT VAN DE h ti quan trong, dirge xem Ia y ng cén ciia p nude c6 chit long, dng tin edy va trit long 16n (ddi dao) 1A v6 ciing can thiét déi véi nginh néng nghiép, cong nghiép, ti tao, sn xudt nang ong va sinh hoat. Doi hoi ting ngudn cung cap nude ngot dir bao ting trong trong lai do sit mit dat co mi truéng nhung ngudn mu ing chat rong séng va 6 nh c ngot han, va dang can kigt. Do dé cai thign higu qua va kinh té ctia nganh céng nghigp tinh Ige 6c, sin xuat mde sach gc lam cp bach. Trong khi do, 97% i bio v6 moi trung 1 nurée trén trai dit 1a mrde bién, khong thé sir dung trong céng nghigp va néng nghiép nhung bing céch logi b6 mudi khéi née bién, nganh céng nghigp loc mudi da tao ra y tir ce ngudn cung cap quan trong cho loai ngudi. Nhu vay, ngoai nguén nude ngot lay tir nude bién théng qua qua trinh khir mudi [5.6.14] mach nude ngam con o6 th Ba céng nghé thing dung nhét hién nay tng dung trong loc mudi mde bién durge thuong mai héa la phong phap chung cat, tham tach va tham thdu nguoc (RO). Tuy nhién phurong phap nhiét da c6 thé xir ly mrde bién cd néng d6 mudi cao hon nhung rat t6n kém vé mat nang lwong, quy trinh phtre tap; phuong phap tham tich chi phd hp tng, dung véi mréc Ig (ndng 3 mudi thap) [1.6]. Bang 1: So sinh céc théng sé vin hinh chinh cia céng nghé loc mudi dia trén ba phwrong php xit ly nhigt, RO va dign phan [1.6] higt RO Nang long nhiét sir dung (kWh/m') 7 - Nang lwgng dign (kWh/m’) 35 04-7 1 Kha nang xtt ly nude bién voi ndng dO mudi (téng ham long | 30,000 100,000 | 1,000 45.000 | 100 ~ 3,000 chat rn hda tan, ppm TDS) Chat trong nurée sau xir ly (ppm TDS) Gié thanh xt Iy née bién 10 <300 5 0.65 - 0.90 0.48 — 0.53 (USD/m*) -| | Bosia — — as. } +. di 3 ratative specific costs (4) salt concentration {gi Hinh 1: Gid thanh san xuat nude theo néng d6 mudi cla phyong php dién phan so voi cae ky thudt khée [6] Negay nay, cae quy trinh céng nghé loc str dung mang loc tro nén phé bién va khong thé thiéu trong cdc nganh céng nghigp the phdm, héa hoc, durge phim, céng nghé sinh hoe, xir ly nude va xit ly nude thai... Nguyén nhan 1a do kha nang loai bé xtr ly phite tap cde déi twang voi higu suat cao, qua trinh phan tach dién ra & nhiét d6 throng, nang long chi yéu durge ding dé tao ra nguén ap sudt day dong hu chat nén it tiéu thy nhiéu 6 thé duge ché ner. Vat ning long [1-19]. Mang | go ttr vat ligu ceramic hode poly ligu ceramic c6 nhiéu wu diém hon polymer nhu d6 én dinh nhiét va héa cao hon. Tuy nhién mang loc polymer lai chiém wu thé hon trén thi trrdng do vat ligu polymer cé gid thanh ré, linh hoat trong tng dung (nhéu hinh dang khéc nhau nhu tim phing, dang éng), hé théng it chiém dign tich [1,6,12]. Trong nhitng nim gan day. qua trinh loc tham thau nguoc (RO) bing mang polymer thu hut ding ké céc nghign iru va duge xem nhw mot ky thuat don gidn va kinh té nit trong linh wre Ige mudi nurée bién, sin xudt mde siéu tinh khiét va xtt ly; mrée thai do dé dang ché tao, kich thuée hé théng nho gon, eau trac don gian nén khong ton mat bing lap dit, quy trinh van hanh don gidn khéng can nhiéu nhan eéng, phwong phap loc co hoc nén khéng thay di tinh chat hoa hoc ca ngudn nude, v9t ligu mang loc khong xm nhap vao nguén nude, dim bao d6 tinh khiét trong sudt qué trinh xtr ly [14.5.6,13]. Hién nay, 6 rat nhiéu cac nha may da va dang duge xay dung v6i céng suat ngay cing 1én [1.6] Trong phat trién cia ché tao mang RO, hai ky thuat durge ting dung: phuong phép nghich dao pha tao mang bat d6i xing va phuong phap tring hop tai bé mat phan pha tao mang mong composite (TFC). Mang TFC gém eé ba thanh phan co ban: mang polyamide siéu méng nim 6 phia trén_ mang polysulfone xép durgc gia curéng bing mét lép soi polyester khong dét dudi day. Trong dé, lp mang polyamide trén bé mat 1a thanh phan quan trong, 4nat, chi phéi tinh chat va kha ning phan tach ciia mang. Mang polysulfone déng vai tro lop mang hé trg tinh chat co ly. Uu diém cia mang TFC fa c6 thé diéu chinh tig thanh phan dé dat dirge higu qua phan tach mong muén [3,5,6,12]. ere eS Ee. Hinh 2 : Cu to mang loc RO TEC Mic dit mang loc RO trén co sé polymer da dirge nghién ciru, phat trién va throng mai héa hon 30 nim qua, théng long nude qua loc va d6 loai bé mudi trong qué trink Khir mudi nude bién da va dang duoc tiep tue cai thién. Tuy nhién van con it nhitng phat minh dang ké trong ché tao mang loc RO cho muc dich khir mudi véi kha ning tham thau nuée cao nhim tiét kién néing Inong, edi thign 4 chon I9c va chéng the nghén bé mat mang trong qua trinh hoat dong [1-19] Mang loc TFC trong qua trinh sir dung van tén tai khuyét diém chinh la sy tic nghén mang. Chii yéu la sy King dong bat thudn nghich cia chat ban (v6 co, hitu co, vi sinh vat) trén bé mat mang dan dén sut giam théng long nude qua loc din dén kim giam higu qua phan tach, chat lvong nuée qua loc, phai ton kém ning lwong dé ting 4p sudt van hanh va gop phan rit ngiin thi gian sit dung mang. Trong quy trinh cia cae nha may, ¢6 nhidu phuong phap dé khie phye tic nghén mang nhu tién xir ly mde trrde khi qua loc, kim sach bang thuy lye, eo hoe, héa hge...trong dé théng thiréng sit dung phwong phap lim sach thiy lye (rita nguge) va héa hoc. Qué trinh lim sach héa hoe thuréng sit dung riéng bigt hodc két hgp nhiéu logi héa chat dé lim gidm tic nghén. Tuy nhién phai ngtng qua trinh loc ting phan dan dén ting chi phi lao dong, phite tap hoa quy trinh, anh huong dén thai gian s6ng ctia mang loc va méi trrdng [1,6] Cé nhitng nghién citu khoa hoe nhaim nang cao higu suat loo, ting d6 chon Ige mang, giam tic nghén nhw bién tinh vat ligu polymer tao mang [4,7], img dung mang loc nanocomposite lai v6 co — hitu co (polyamide-Ag, polyamide-zeolite) [2]. Ngoai ra c6 nhiéu bai béo khao sat dinh gid cdc hién twong tc nghén mang nhim dua ra phuong huéng kiém soat va giam thiéu tic nghén xay ra trén mang [2.16]. Gan day, cde nha khoa 5hoc dang tip trung nghién ciru ting dung hat nano TiO, trong link ve diét khudn, gidm tic nghén va nang cao hiéu sudt loc nhés hiéu (ng quang xe tae va siéu ua nude cia TIO, [4.8.18] Tinh hinh thiéu née ngot sach 6 nude ta do 6 nhiém tir nude thai nha may, née ri ric,...va sw thiéu née ngot 6 cde ving nude lg, hai dao... ngay cang tr nén cép thiét, Do do, muréc va loc mudi nude bién két hop kha ning tw lam sach sé gop phan giai quyét van dé inh té cao. ché tao va img dung thanh céng mang loc RO trong linh ve xir ly, tdi sinh, nay véi chi phi van hinh va duy tri tudi tho ciia mang thép din dén hiéu qua Do do, dé tai sé nghién cttu ché tao mang loc RO nanocomposite trén ec sé polyamide va hat nano TiO cé kha nang ty lam sach tng dung trong khit mudi nude bién. Bén canh d6, dé tai ciing khdo sit kha ning ty lim sach cia ming RO nanocomposite polyamide — TiO, pha tap Nito str dung anh sang tring dé thay thé tia UV nhim giam gid thinh quy trinh va c6 thé tin dung higu qua ngudn anh sing tw nhién (anh sing mat tri). 6PHAN II: CO SO LY THUYET I. Khai nigm qua trinh tham thdu nguge: Su tham thau xay ra khi m6t mang ban tham ¢6 tinh chon loc (chi tham thau nude, kh6ng cho chat tan di qua) phan tach hai dung dich long 06 néng do khée nhau. Tai nhiét d6 va ap suat cn bing 6 ca hai bén mang, mide sé tham thdu (khuéch tan) qua mang tao mét dong hru chat ti: dung dich c6 néng d6 mréc cao sang dung dich cé néng dé thap hon cho dén khi néng d6 cia hai bén mang dat can bang. Qua trinh nay ciing c6 thé dién ra néu cd su chénh Iéch Ap sudt AP 6 hai bén mang khéng Ién hon 4p sudt tham thdu Ar (twong tng chénh léch néng d6). Néu chénh léch dp sudt AP 1én hon 4p suat tham thau Ax, huéng déng hru chat thim thau sé bi dio ngwoc, nude sé di tir phia dung dich cd néng dé thap sang phia cd néng dé cao. Qué trinh nay goi la qua trinh tham thdu nguge (RO) [6,12]. semipermeable semipermeable membrane pressure membrane I / i / | I iV | | 4 i/ | t I b | I | Q | t | i : | | i i [oes | - | ete oo be | | Po salt fresh i> salt fresh | water water | | water water | \ j 4 ) Lo pL See ‘Tham thau xudi Tham thau nguge Hinh 3: Nguyén ly qué trinh thim thau xu6i va tham théu nguge. Trong qué trinh loc mudi, phia dau cap (nurée bién) hoat dong déi mot Ap suat cao va phia du ra (dung dich loang) o6 ap suit khéng dang ké, Sy chénh Igch Ap suét cao hon 4p suat tham thau eta dung djch ep (mrée bién). Ap suat van hank trong img dung thm thdu nguge dao dng & 15 bar (loc mudi nurée Ig), 60 ~ 80 bar (Ige mudi nude bién) va co thé len dén 200 bar (xr ly mrde ri rc trong tir hd chén ric) [6]. Ngoai loc mudi nude bién sin xuat mde ngot, tham thau nguge con duge tng dung trong xtr Iy nude thai, phan tach hop chat hiru co, v6 co trong nurée thai cong nghiép. IL. Ming lye phan tach:Mang loc phan tach cé kha nding van chuyén mét cau tir nhanh chong hon cdc edu tir khae dua trén su khac biét vé tinh chat vat ly gira mang va cac cau ti tl mot s6 céu tr ¢6 thé tham thu nr do qua mang, trong khi mét s6 cau tit khée bi gitt lai. Co thé ding ede tée dong co hoe, ha he, dién hay nhiét dé van chuyén eae edu tt thdm thdu qua mang, Qué trinh phén tach bing mang tré'thinh mot cng nghé phén tach ndi tri, vi sur phat trién nhanh chong trong vai thap ky gin day. Céng nghé nay ngay nay dang duoc cha ¥ dic biét va canh tranh v6i cdc cong nghé phan tach truyén thong khée nhw chung cat, hap thy, tach chiét,... Mang loc téng hop hitu eo dutge phan loai theo hinh thai cdu tric va eo ché phan tach. Theo hinh thai cau trac, ¢6 hai loai mang: d6i xtrng va bat doi xing. Mang déi ximng co duong kinh 16 xép hau nhu khong déi trong sudt mit cat cia mang. Ngoai ra dé day tong. thé cia mang hoat déng nh mét Iép chon loc tao ra sy chéng lai qué trinh truyén khéi. Déi voi mang bat déi xing durge cdu tao tir hai lép. 15 xdp tai bé mat c6 kich thud khéc voi 1d xp ving phia duéi mang. Nhé dé cdc hat ban 1én khéng thé chui vao bén trong mang va trénh due sy bit kin mang. Lép trén cing ¢6 thé la 1ép khong e6 xép (khong rong) va ché tao bing mét loai vat ligu khae, g gém hai Iép, dp mang hé tre va lép be mat. Lép hd trg la Isp mang 06 dO x6p cao, khong 06 chite ning phan tich vi diy 50 — 150 um, Lap mang phia trén cling ¢6 d6 diy rt mong (tir 50 — 200 nm), 6 chite nding chon loc. 14 mang composite. Mang composite Phan loai mang theo co ché phan tach: Phén tach dica vao yéu t6 kich these: Yéu cau mang xOp phai c6 46 rong ctia 16 xép khac nhau. Kich thude 16 Ién, trung binh va vi xp doe quy cho ming lee microfiltration, ultrafiltration va nanofiltration, 4 chat tan va ede hg lo limg 1én hon nhat trong phan Ciic logi mang nay durge thiét ké, ché tao dé gitt la Mang phan tach hogt dong nhw mét edi ray Igc. Day 1 co ehé don gi tach. Phan tich dia trén dé héa tan va khuéch tén ctta vat lieu: Maing hoat dong theo co ché nay dia trén sy khuéch tan cla chat tan va dung méi qua mang. Cae loai mang nay thurong la dang composite cia mét mang dong nhat trén mot mang hd tro vi xp (mang tham thau ngugc), 66 kich thurde 1 x6p rat nho chi cho phép dung méi di qua boi co ché hap thu - khuéch tan Phin tich theo dién tich: Mang trao déi ion phan tich hdn hgp cée thinh phdn mang dign tich khie nhau nhu phan tach cdc ion trong nuéc va chat tan khéng ion. Cac loai mang nay 6 thé mang ditich dong hoc dign tich 4m hay phan tich bing cach loai trit cée ion ¢6 eiing dign tich trong pha mang. Bang 2 : Cac loai mang phan tach, nguyén ly hoat déng va tig dung Qué trinh phn [Loai mang loc [Lue vanhanh | Coché phan | Ung dung tach tich Microfiltration | Déi xing Ap suat thay |Cochérayloe [Loai bo vi tinh, 10-500kPa Khuda, loc trong (cin) Ultrafiltration | Bat déixitng | Chénh Ich Ap | Coché ray Ige | Phan tach dung) swat thiy inh, dich phan tt 10-500kPa luong lén Reverse Bat déi xing | Chénh léch dp | Co ché hap thy | Phan tach mudi Osmosis (thim suat thiy tinh, | - khuéch tin va cée chat tan thu nguoe) 2-10 MPa vi kich thude trong dung dich Tham tach Doi xing, Gradient nong | Co ché ray loc | Phan tach mudi dé va hap thy -| va cde chat tan Khuéch tin vi Kich thude trong dung dich phan tir lngng, lon Dign di Doi xing, Gradient dign | Hat mang dign | Logi bo ion thé tich va kich | trong dung dich thude Phin tich khi | Bat déixting —[Chénh ‘Ich | Co ché hip thu | Phan téch hn gradient —néng | - khuéch tin hop khi 6 va ap suat Mang chung cat | Doi xing Gradient dp | Ap suat hoi Loe mudi trong, suat dung dich néePeuedoneras ota vince Oana Ko - Sucrose — Heenogloin vir O2em ———. Staphylosonous: cfm | AR MRE Sin ete PP OP ye — Starch Urettetien ‘Cems ‘imate a va wai ‘nn ia ea eum Pere ciamstar Hin 4: Phan loai céc loai mang loc va ting dung. 200 100 : 1 Ultra. flration Microrittration Fileracion Pressure Difference A p [bar] oon; got at ot 1 10 100 Particle and Molecular Size [im] Hinh § : Kha nang phén tach va 4p sudt van hainh ede mang phan tich, Mang loc kich thirée (18) micro (ME) va mang siéu Ipc (UF) sit dung dé loai b6 cdc hat keo, vi khudn, virus (UF) va eae phin tir 1én hon (UF) nhu pro ming Ig¢ nano va tham thdu nguoc str dung dé loai bé cdc hop chat nhé hon nhiéu nhu mudi héa tan trong muréc bién. Mang loc nano thuong ding loai bé cde phan tir c6 khéi lvong phan tir cao hon 200 g/mol. Mang Igc tham thau nguge 6 kha nang loai bo hau nhu tat ca cae hop chat hoa tan trong née. Cue bao vé méi trong Hoa Ky da dé eit ming thm théu nguge 18 céng nghé t6t nhat loai bé cae hop chat nguy hai nhw arsen, bari, nitrat [6]. 10TIL. Cac théng sé khio sat higu qua Ig 1. Ap suat thim thu: ‘Theo nhig éng hoc, 4p suat tham thdu dirge xae dinh: RO nce) a: ap suat thim thau Vp : thé tich nurée (1) Xw : phan mol nude (mol/l) R: hing s6 khi ly tong (8,3 14J/mol.K) T : nhigt d6 (K) ‘Trong dung dich loang, ap suat tham thau co thé danh gid bing dinh luat Vant’ Hoff: ng: tong ham wong chat tan trong dung dich (mol) CC: tong néng d6 chat tan trong dung dich (mol/l) V : thé tich dung méi (1) Trong dung dich khéng ly twéng (khéng phai dung dich loang) va cde ion khong phan ly, dinh luat Van't Hoff duge diéu chinh: = iGCRT hé 86 phan ly bing s6 ion va s6 phan tir trén mol chat tan sinh ra boi su hda tan chat tan. :hé s6 higu chinh. Danh gid thé ap suat tham thau ciia nude bién, c6 thé tinh ton gia dinh trén tong ham lugng chat rin hoa tan clia nude mudi NaCl. G néng d6 NaC! thép, 4p suat thdm théu c6 thé tinh gan ding 2 =8 bar! Wty. ‘Wt yecr: la phan trim khéi long NaCl trong née mudi llAp suat tham thdu thyre té ciia née thdp hon khoang 10% so véi dung dich NaCl do sur xuat hién cdc ion Ién hon (nhu Mg”*, Ca”. NHy", CO;”. SO...) 2. Céng thite dinh gid higu qua mang Ige RO: Dua trén mé hinh khuéch tin dung dich, lye van hanh dé tham théu cho mi thanh phan c6 thé chia kim hai dang: chénh léch néng d6 va chénh Igch Ap suat gitta phia cdp va tham théu, C6 thé danh gid thong rong mudi Js” va thong hrong mrée Jy” qua loc bing cong thire: L(AP— Am) (im?.h) BIC, ») (lim?*.h) Trong dé: A, B la hé sé thm thau mudi va tham théu nude. ham thau. AP, An la d6 chénh Iéch 4p suat thiiy tinh va ap suai Csp, Csp la néng dé mudi phia cp va phia thdm théu. ‘Thong thudng trong van hnh, AP Ién hon rit nhigu so véi An. Do d6, céng thite trén cS thé rit gon: y= AAP = BACs 7 —Cop)a I" €, D6 loai bo mudi Rs dirge tinh theo céng thite: Cp. Csp la néng d9 mudi phia cap va phia tham thau. Cé thé tinh B qua d6 loai bo mudi Rs: BaJSy(I-Re i Ry IV. C4u tg0 mang loc RO composite (thin film composite — TFC) Mang TFC gém cé ba thanh phin co ban: mang polyamide sigu méng (50 — 200 nm) nam 6 phia trén mang polysulfone xép durge gia curong bing mét dp soi polyester khéng dét duéi diy. Trong dé. Isp mang polyamide (PA) trén bé mat la thanh phan quan trong nhat, chi phéi tinh chat va kha ning phan tach cla mang. Mang polysulfone (PSf) dong 12vai tro lép mang hé tro tinh chat co ly. Uw diém cia mang TFC la c6 thé diéu chinh tng thanh phan dé dat doc higu qua phan tach mong muén. Hinh 6 : Cu tg0 mang Ic TFC polysulfone - polyamide Mang PSf thong mai durge ché tao bing phuong php nghich dao pha [3,6,8.9,10]. Neuwdi ta hoa tan dung dich PSf 20% khéi long. Sau dé dung dich durge can 1én mét tim kiéng vai chiéu day xac dinh (100 — 500 jum), ri két tia mang bing cach thém vo dung, dich PSE mét chat khong dung méi (ngam vo bé née). Ngay ap tire, née sé hap thy Ién bé mat mang. tao ra mét l6p rat sit kin (dic) va chon loc. Lép nay lim chm qué trinh di vao cla nude xuéng lép dung dich polymer phia dui, lim qua trinh két tia cham hon va tao nhidu cdu trie x6p hon. Gian dé pha ba cdu tir trong ché tao mang bing nghich dao pha diroe thé hién 6 hinh 6. Membrane Casting Sotutio aa 3" Solvent/, Non-solvent {Phase Separation 13Hinh 7 : Gian dé pha ba cau tir thé hign sw hinh thanh mét mang loc vi xép boi su thém vdo mét chat khéng dung mdi yao dung dich polyme déng thé Néu mét chat khéng dung mdi doc thém vao dung dich déng thé gdm polyme va dung méi (chi ra boi diém A trén dong polyme ~ dung méi), va khi dung méi dirge iy ra khdi hdn hop 6 cing mét téc d6 nhu chat khong dung méi dua vio, thinh phan hén hgp sé thay déi theo dng A —B. Tai C bit diu xay ra qué trinh phan tach pha, m6t pha giau polyme va mét pha nghéo polyme, Tai mét hén hop xae dinh trén gian do, nong do polyme trong pha rin sé cao du dé xem nhw mét chat rin. hon hop nay dirge xae dinh boi diém D trén gian dé, Sy thay doi cua chat khong dung méi va dung méi sé dan t6i sw hinh thanh cua mang ma d6 x6p ctia mang durge xae dinh béi diém B, trong dé pha rin gidu polyme va pha long nghéo polyme (tao ra edu tric 18 xdp ctia mang) durge biéu dién bang diém B’ va B’’ trong tng. Mang PSf duge sir dung phd bién do co d9 dn dinh nhiét, co ly, hoa hoc va kha nang chéng vi khuan tét. Cac yéu t6 anh hung dén hinh thai cdu tric, kich thurde 16 xp va do cla mang nghich dao pha PSf la vige Iya chon hé dung mdi — khong dung méi, hop dung dich polymer (Iya chon polymer, néng d polymer, KLPT polymer, loai mer hay dung méi khdc thém vao), diéu kign can mang (nhigt 49 dung dich polymer, jong tu, do day mang can), Mang PA duge ché tao theo phwong phap tring hop insitu (ngay tai bé mat phan pha etia monomer meta-phenylene diamine (MPD) héa tan trong nude va monomer trimesoyl chloride (TMC) trong dung méi htu co), Trong qué trinh phan img tai bé mat phan pha, hai pha mrde va pha hiru co khong tron Kin vo nhau duge dua tiép xe voi nhau trong éu kign khéng khudy trn, ngay lap tire mgt mang PA mong khéng hoa tan hinh thanh true tiép ngay tai gitta hai pha. Phan img nay xay ra 6 bé mat phn pha phia dung dich hau co do su hoa tan khong dang ké cua acid chloride trong dung dich nude va sit hoa tan t6t ciia amine trong dung mdi hitu ca, do dé mang phat trién phia bén trong pha dung moi hau co. Sau mot thoi gian phan éng rat ng&n, lop mang bat ddu phat trién cham lai do sie hinh thinh lp chin c6 cu tric khéng gian day de ngin can sv khuéch tin cia amine. Crosslink Linear 14Hinh 8: Céng thite cdu tao cia polyamide trén co sé ‘TMC - MPD V. Cac yéu t6 anh hudng dén higu quia mang RO 1. Sw gia ting Ap suit thim thdu do phan cuc néng d6: Loai bé cée phan tir cht tan (mudi) va cac phan tir khde (vi sinh vat, chat hitu co, vo co...) bing mang RO dan dén su tinh ty ctia cde vat chat voi néng dé cao nay phia trén be mat mang. Hign trong nay goi la phan eye ndng 49. Hién trong nay c6 nhiing nh hudng Ién higu sudt phan tach ctia mang: Lam giam d6 loai bé do théng hrong mudi cao hon (vi str gia ting néng dO mudi trén bé mat mang) Su mat mang cé thé din dén két tia lép trén bé m a ting cia cdc ion héa tr} hai trén mang, anh huéng xu dén higu sudt loc. Théng luong mde giam do 4p suat tham thdu ting (vi néng 46 mudi phia trade mang tang), 2. Sw giim cp ciia man; — Cae chat héa hoe str dung trong qué trinh tién xir ly nude truée khi vio qua trinh loc. — Céc héa chit str dung dé rita, vé sinh mang. — pH trong nuée cap qué thdp hoac qué cao. Cac yéu td trén c6 thé pha hity lép mang chon loc, lép mang hd trg. Lam giam higu qua loai bé va tudi tho ciia mang. 3. Su dong cin trén bé mat mang: Gay ra boi cde hgp chat v6 co cd ndng dé qua bao hda trong nguén nude cap, Cac mudi nay két tia trén bé mat mang, tao ra mot 6p mong ean tré qué trinh tham thau nude qua mang, Hign tong nay ludn xuat hign do sr phan eye néng do. 4. Sw tic nghen sinh hoe: Gay ra béi su ling dong va phd trién cita cdc vi sinh vat Ién bé mat mang do cdc qua trinh tién xir ly true qua trinh Ige khong thé loai bé hoan toan cde vi sinh vat nay. Sw tie nghén nay goi la tie nghén sinh hoc. Tac nghén sinh hoc lam bit cdc 15 xdp (Idi loc) kich thuée nano trén bé mat mang. Tic nghén sinh hoc va sw déng can lim gia ting ap suat van hanh, ting chi phi duy tri, giam dang ké higu suat loc, g6p phan lam giam tudi tho cia mang,Hién nay, cde nha khoa hoe dang tap trung nghién ciru dé dua ra cdc giai php nhim han ché va loai bé qua trinh tic nghén mang loc trong qua trinh hoat déng nhim nang cao higu qua phan tich, tudi tho ciia mang va Lim gidm chi phi van hanh trong qué trinh loc VL TiO, — h chiit quang xuc tic va siéu thim uot 1. Cac dang cau trac va tinh chat vat ly TiO, 1a loai vat igu phé bién trong cude séng hang ngay. Ching duge str dung nhiéu trong pha ché tg0 mau son, mau men, mY phim va ca trong thye pham. Ngdy nay long, tiéu thy hang nin Ién hon 3 trigu tin, Ngoai ra, TiO, cdn dirge biét dén trong vai tro [a mét chat xtc tée quang hoa. ‘Tinh thé TiO2 ¢6 nhigu dang thi hinh, trong d6 c6 2 dang thi hinh chinh ki anatase va rutile. @ Oxy @ Tao Hinh 9: Da dign phéi tri cla TiO} 16Anatase Rutile Hinh 10: Hai dang tha hinh chinh cia TiO}. Cu tric ciia dang tinh thé anatase va rutile thudc hé tinh thé tetragonal. Ca hai dang tinh thé nay déu durge tgo nén tir cae da dign phdi tri TiO, theo kiéu bat dién, cdc da dién phi tri nay sip xép khac nhau trong khéng gian. Tuy nhién trong tinh thé anatse cdc da dién phéi tri 8 mat bj bién dang manh hon so véi Rutile, khoang cach Ti — Ti ngin hon va Ti — O dai hon. Diéu nay anh huong dén cdu trie dign ti cia hai dang tinh thé, kéo theo su Khée nhau vé cac vat ly va héa hoc. Ngay trong hé tetragonal, do sw gin két khae nhau cia ete da dign phéi tri ma tinh chat ciia anatase va rutile ciing c6 si khée nhau. Bang diréi day cho thay cée théng sé vat IY cia hai dang thi hinh nay. Bang 3: Théng s6 vat ly cia anatase va rutile. Tinh chit Anatse Rulite HG tinh thé Tetragonal Tetragonal 7‘Thong sé mang a (angstrong) 3.78 4.58 ‘Théng sé mang c (angstrong) 9.49 2.95 Khdéi rong rigng (g/em3) 3,895 4.25 D6 khite xa 2,52 271 D6 cttng (thang Mox) 55-60 60-10 Hing sé dign moi 31 14 Nhiét 4 cao chuyén o¢ thanh rulite Ws58c Nhigt d6 néng chay Anatase c6 céu tric tinh thé thudc hé tetragonal, tai khoang nhiét d6 915°C thi anatase bat pha sang rutile. TiO; khong t6n tai riéng biét, anatase dugc tim 1 trong céic khong cling v6i rutile, brookite, quarzt, apatite, chlorite, micas, calcit ‘Tuy nhién trong ca hai dang thi hinh trén ctia TiO; thi chi ¢6 dang anatase thé hign hoat tinh hoat déng nhat dudi sy cé mat cia Anh sang mat tri. Dé 1 do sy khac biét vé cdu tric ving ning long ciia anatase so véi rutile, din dén mét s6 tinh chat dic biét cia anatase. 2. Gian dé mién nang luong cia Anatase va Rutile va tinh chit quang xic tac TiO; dang Anatase ¢6 hoat tinh quang cao hon han cdc dang tinh thé khac, diéu nay duge giai thich dua vao cau trie ving ning lngng. Nhu da biét, trong cau tric cia chat rin c6 3 mién nang lugng 1a ving héa tri, ving cam va ving din, Tat ca cac hién trong, hoa hoe xay ra déu 1a do su dich chuyén electron gitta cée mién khac nhau. Anatase c6 ning lugng ving cdm 1a 3.2eV, twong dong véi mét lwong tit anh sing 6 bude song 388nm. Rutile c6 ning long ving cm 1a 3,0eV trong duong véi mot long tir Anh sing c6 bude séng 413nm, Gian dé ning long cla Anatase va Rutile duroe chi ra hur hinh vé. 18Mena aay Hee on Be iy ‘ew cat 3280) Gian di aug leg ofa auatase va rutile. Hinh 10: Cau trie m nang rong cia anatase va rutile Viing héa tr) cia Anatase va Rutile nhwr chi ra trén gian dé 1 x4p xi bing nhau va cing rit duong, didu nay c6 nghia 1a ching cé kha nang oxy héa manh. Khi duoc kich thich bai dnh sing co bude séng thich hop, cde electron héa tri sé tich ra khoi lign két, chuyén lén ving dan, tao ra mét 16 trong (hole) mang dign tich duong & ving héa tri. Cac electron khac 06 thé nhay vao vi tri nay dé bao hoa dign tich tai dd, déng thoi tao ra mot 16 tréng méi ngay tai vj tri ma n6 vira di koi, Nhu vay 16 tréng mang dign tich dirong c6 thé tr do chuyén d6ng trong ving hoa tr Céc 18 tréng nay mang tinh oxy héa manh va cé kha ning oxy héa nuréc thinh OH*, nhwr mt s6 gée hitu co khée: TiOxh’) + HyODOH* +H! + TIO. 00V), trong khi v6i Anatase thi cao hon mire nay mot chit, dng nghia voi mot thé khir manh ‘Ving din cia Rutile c6 gid tri gin véi thé khir mrde thanh khi hidro ( thé chudn hon, Nhwr theo gian dé thi Anatase cé kha ning khir O3 thinh Oy’, nhwr véy Ia & Anatase cde electron chuyén [én ving dan c6 kha ning khtt O, thanh Oy by A ) VAgatase|—/ “ey TiO,(€) + 0, TiO, + OF 19Chinh cac géc OH* va Oy vi vai tro quan trong ngang nhau c6 kha ning phan huy cdc hop chat hitu co thanh H;O va CO>. 3. Hign tong siéu thim wot Song song v6i tinh chat quang xtie tée, khi durge chiéu nh sang tir ngoai dang TiOy- anatase con thé hign mat tinh chat nita ciing rat dac biét, dé la tinh chat sigu thm wot, Khi mang TiO; duoc kich thich boi ngudn sing cO bude song <388nm sé c6 sy dich chuyén dign tir tr vang héa tri sang ving dan lim xuat hién déng thoi cp dign tir (c-) va 16 tréng (h+) 6 ving dn va ving héa tri TiO,+hv> TiO,(e+h*) Nhiing c&p dign tir va 16 tréng nay sé dich chuyén toi bé mat dé thuc hién cac phan ting oxi héa +6 ving din: xay ra sur khir Ti” vé TH” +6 ving héa tri: xay ra sy oxi hoa Oy thanh O». Khuyet oxy H MeN BO. a ak aio FONG “oN { Y H” oH 1 4 o 2 TT Ton Ti A.Ry mse Bla nae Hinh 11 : Co ché vé tinh siéu wa nude ea TiO. Hign trong nay duge giai thich dra trén gia thuyét ring c6 sur tao ra cae 18 tréng thiéu oxi. Nguyén nhan ciia sw hinh thanh cc 16 tréng nay 1a do dwéi tac dung cita anh sang kich thich, cdc dign tir chuyén tir mién h6a trj én mién dan, tai mién héa tri c6 st oxi hoa hai nguyén tir oxi cia tinh thé TiO thanh oxi ty do va tai mién dan c6 su khir Ti* thanh Ti. Hign twong nay chi xay ra v6i cde phan tir bé mat, ett 4 phan tir TIO, lai giai phong mét phan tir oxi, hinh thanh trén bé mat m6t mang luéi cde 16 trong esti > 4h’ + 20,30, 20Khi c6 nue trén bé mit, cde phan tir nude nhanh chong chiém chd cae 15 trong, mdi phan tir chiém mét 16 tréng bing chinh nguyén tir oxi ctia né va quay hai nguyén tit hidro ra ngoai, va bé mat lie nay hinh thanh mét mang hréi hidro. Ching ta da biét ring so di chat long c6 hinh dang ctia binh chita 1a do lyre lién két gitta cae phan tir chat long yéu hon giita cdc phan ti chat rain. Phan tir nude 1a phan tir phan cue véi phan tich dign dm 1d nguyén tir oxi va phan tich dién Am ld nguyén tit hidro. Gita cde phan tir mrde ¢6 lién két hidro hinh thanh gitta cde nguyén tir oxi va nguyén tit hidro. Nhu vay chinh lye lién két hidro gitta Iép “ ion hidro bé mit”’ va cée “ion oxi"? cla nude ma gigt mde durge kéo méng ra, tao nén hign twong siéu thim wot, 21PHAN III : CAC CONG TRINH LIEN QUAN Cae céng trinh trong nude: Dé tai thidt ké hé thng xir ly’ nude nhiém man bang cng nghé thim théu nguge (RO) do nhém nghién citu ciia Thac S¥ Lé Quang Dire thre hign nam 2006 ting dung tai xi Tam Thén Higp, huyén Can Gid, Tp.HCM véi cong sudt 190 m*/ngay 44 giam thiéu chi phi phai tra tir 20.000 déng/m* mrée xuéng cdn 6000 — 7000 dong/m’ (da khéu hao thiét bi, van hanh, bao tri trong 5 nim). Khi durge ting dung réng rai wée tinh sé giam durge chi phi ngan sch bi [6 cho viée cp nude hign nay (17 ti déng) xuéng 30%. Tuy nhién d& tai chi nghién citu thiét ké, ché tao, Kip dit hé théng loc theo céng nghé nude ngoai, sit dung, phan lin nhing linh kign trong mide, nhung v6 chiu dp lye cao, bom cao ap va quan trong I mang loc RO vin phai mua tir nude ngoai [17] Cae céng trinh ngoai nuée: Cé hai phuong phap ché tao mang loc RO img dung trong loc mudi: phuong phap nghich dao pha ché tao mang loc dang bat déi xing va phuong php ché tao mang loc kiéu composite, Kiéu ché tao theo phuong php nghich dio pha ap dung cho mang loc ma ca hai lép mang hd tro va mang host tinh phan tich c6 cing ban chit 14 mt loai polymer. Khuyét diém én ctia mang li khéng thé tdi wu cho timng 6p mang dé dat duge 6 chon loc, higu qua phan téch cao va kha ning én dinh (nhiét 46, pH, d6 bén co ly...) trong diéu kién van hanh. Nguoc lai, mang RO ché tao theo phuong phép tao composite khéic phuc nhuge diém ctia kiéu mang trén khi Iép mang hé tro (c6 tac dung chéng chiu mi trréng giip én dinh ming) va lop mang hoat tinh phan téch e6 thé e6 ban chat tir hai loai polymer kha nhau. Hign nay, mang loc kiéu composite durge chi yéu nghién ciru, img dung va throng mai héa trong linh vue loc mudi. Mang loc mudi RO hién dai ngay nay gém I6p phan tach 1a 16p mang méng 50 ~ 200nm polyamide (PA) trén mang hd tro polysulfone (PSf) c6 chiéu day tir vai chye dén vai trim micromet [3,5-10] Trong ky thudt tao mang, viée chon dung méi Ki quan trong vi anh hung dén do hoa tan va khuéch tin cla monomer amine trong ving phan img. Cé rt nhigu nghién etru dat chitng minh phan itng tring hyp xay ra chi yéu & pha dung méi hitu co do sw hoa tan kém ctia monomer chloride trong pha née vi do hoa tan t6t hon ctia monomer amine trong pha dung méi hitu co [3,5,... 11,12]. Asim K. Ghosh va cde c6ng sy [3] da trinh bay thi nghiém trén cdc logi dung mdi khée nhau, két qua cho thay d6 hoa tan va khuéeh tin cia monomer MPD trong dung méi hitu co anh huéng dén téc d6 phan tng, sw hinh thanh, cau trie va tinh chat cita ming PA, Néu dung méi 66 dé hoa tan MPD cao, d6 khuéch tan MPD thap din dén mang cé théng hong nude cao, dé loai bé mudi thap, do day mang I6n, Nguge Iai néu do khuéch tan MPD cao, d6 héa tan MPD thap cho mang 5 chiéu diy méng hon, thong long nude tng, mét dd ndi mang ting, do logi bd mudi 22ting. Ngoai ra, vige chon dung méi v6i nhiét d6 s6i khde nhau eiing anh hwéng dén giai doan xir ly 0 nhiét sau khi tao mang, Tim méi lién hé voi nhi¢ng diéu kién phan tng khae nhau dén cdu tric hoa hoe cia mang va téng hop mang nhim dat higu qua phan téch mong muén 1a can thiét. Trong céng trinh nghién exu ca I! Juhn Roh va dong st cho thay khi néng d6 cua TMC Ién hon MPD sé tgo ming cé nhiéu mach nhanh hon so véi mach khéng gian, do dé tao mang go ghé, day va ua mréc hon. Ngoc lai khi nng 46 MPD Idn hon sé tao mang nhiéu mang khéng gian, phang, méng va kém wa mrée hon [8,9,19]. Néu thoi gian phan ing cing dai, ban dau phan tng sé wu tién tao mang mong, nhiéu mang khong gian nhung sau dé do higu ang chin cua mang PA tao ra sé han ché khuéch tin MPD dén ving phan (ng nén sin phim sinh ra day hon, nhiéu mach thing va tich dién ém nhidu hon, Bén canh d6, néu ting nhigt 49 phan img thi sé lam tang d6 khuéch tan cia MPD, két qua mang sinh ra c6 cau tric chat ché, nhigu mang khéng gian va it wa nude hon [8.9.19]. Ngoai ra, qua trinh w nhiét sau khi hinh thanh mang dé logi b6 dung méi trong mang va tao diéu kign dé mang tao mang néi khéng gian nhiéu hon cfing anh huéng dén tinh chat sin phdm [3] Ché tao mang ngoai kha niing loai bo tét con nhdim dén viée sao cho théng hrong mde cao dé dat higu qua kinh té, Nguoi ta 6 thé sir dung két hop véi cde phu gia dé lam thay d6i do hoa tan, kha nding khuéch tan, sy thoy phén hode ngdn can sinh ra cée sin phim phu khéng mong muén. Thém dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) vao dung dich amine cing lam ting d@ héa tan cila nude véi dung mdi hexane va cé thé lam ting kha ning khuéch tan cia MPD , kim ting théng rong née béi tg0 mang PA méng hon [3] céng su [3] da cho thay rang néu thém mét long nhé polyhidric alcohol vio dung dich amine ¢6 thé tao ra mang tham thau nguge c6 thong hong cao. Chau [3] da str dung N.N- dimethylformanide (DMF) thém vao dung dich amine nhim thiy phan céc nhém chloride thanh cée nhém carboxylate, han ché sy tg0 mang khdng gian, tao ming mang tinh wa ose va nurée va cho thong lrgng nurée nhiéu hon, Bén canh d6, khi ding triethyl amine (TEA) dé hoat ha phan img tao mang cia MPD va TMC bing cach cn bing HCI sinh ra trong qua trinh amide héa giip ting ding ké thong rong née ma mudi cao [3]. in gill durge 9 loai bo Trong céng trinh nghién citu ché tao mang RO nanocomposite cua Byeong Heon Jeong va cae cng stt [5] da dé céip phurong php mdi nhim ting higu qua loc bing cach tron hop hat zeolite trong qué trinh ché tao. Nhin chung khi ham hrong nano zeolite ting Ién thi bé mat tro nén min hon, wa mrde hon, tich dién Am nhiéu hon. Su két hop trong d6i cita dé min bé mat, tinh ua mde va dé tich dién ctia 16p mang thong tao kha nang thdm nude, tach loai mudi va chéng te nghén t6t hon ing dung trong loc mrée tinh khiét. Tuy nhién, dé tai chu lim 16 tinh chat cia mang nanocomposite ~ zeolite khi thay di cac diéu kién tao mang va chwra tdi wu héa cae thanh phan, yéu t8 ché tao mang nhim ing dung cho qué trinh Ioc tham thu nguge trong thire té. 23Van dé ting higu qua phan tach va chéng hién twong tic nghén mang loc RO dang la mot van dé hang dau, thu hot rat nhiéu sw quan tim cua nha nghién ctu. Cé rat nhiéu phwong hung dé giai quyét vin dé nay nhu tién xi ly cde chat 6 nhiém truée khi di vao hé thdng loc RO, rita mang dinh ky bang chat héa hoe. Tuy nhién cae ky thudt nay Kim ting chi phi sin xuat, gidm thoi gian sir dung cia mang, va cde héa chat sit dung ciing g6p phan gay 6 nhiém méi truéng. Gan day, nghién ciru ché tao mang loc két hop hat nano TiO) tng dung trong céng nghé loc dang rat duoc chi ¥ nho kha nding diét Khudn va phan hay chat ban bing hiégu tng quang xc tac ctia hat nano TiO; khi c mat tia UV [7,8.13,16]. Jian-Hua Li va ede cOng sur [] e6ng bd két qua nghién citu ché tgo va dic tinh mang loc nano SMA (syrene-alt-maleic anhydrideyPVDF (polyvinylidene flouride) va hat nano ‘TiO, nham cai thién kha nang chéng tic nghén mang. Phuong phap ché tao bang phuong phap (sol-gel) nhuing ming loc SMA/PVDF vao dung dich phan tan hat nano TiO2. Cong trinh da dua ra co ché két hop gitta hat nano TiO; va mang loc théng qua lién két gitta TiO; va nhom acid carboxylic trong SMA theo 2 kiéu : Ti" c6 thé lién két v6i hai nguyén tir oxi cia nom COOH qua lién két phdi tri cia cation Ti”, hod tao lién két hidro gitta nhom hydroxyl trén bé mat hat nano TiO, va nhém carbonyl trén mang. Két qua nghién ciu cho thay géc tiép xtc gitta mang va mde giam r6 rét khi so sanh voi mang SMA/PVDF chimg minh TiO; trén bé mat gép phan ting kha nang wa nude cia mang lam ting théng long nude qua loc, két hop v6i kha ning loai bé chat bin (protein) cao di khiing dinh higu qua chéng tic nghén mang khi két hop véi hat nano TiO. ic loai Hyun Soo Lee vi déng str [7] so sinh higu qua lge va kha ning loai mu axing loc PA (polyamide) — hat nano TiO; va mang loc PA bang hai phwong phap ché tao khae nhau phu nhing hat nano TiO; lén bé mat mang va tron hop hat TiO, vi monomer trong qua trinh tong hop mang PA. Két qua cho thay sy két hop hat TiO, véi mang loc PA lam ting tinh ua nuéc ciia mang gép phan lim ting théng Irong nude qua loc déng thisi cho d@ loai bé mudi cao. Bén canh d6, néng dé hat TiO, efing 6 diém t6i wu, anh huéng dén cdu tric, dé bén va higu qua phan tach clia mang loc. Tac gid di ching minh d6 bén bam dinh eta hat nano TiO; trén mang PA theo phwong php phi nhiing kém hon so v6i phuong phip tron hop true khi tring hop. Madaeni va N. Ghaemi [15] céng bé két qua nghién ciru kha nang ty Kim sach ctia mang RO phi hat nano TiO; bing phong phdp phi nhing duéi diéu kién chiéu UV. Hai 6ng da lam 16 tae dong cia hai tinh chét quang xe te va siéu wa nude cua hat nano TiO; trén mang RO. Nh@ tinh siéu va nude tao mét lop mde mong trén be mat mang, ngin can chat ban tiép xitc trac tiép voi bé mat mang, két hop tinh quang xtic tac phan hiiy c&e chat ban loai bo chat ban baing qué trinh nia bing mrée trong qua trinh van hanh hay vé sinh dinh ky. Két qua nghién oiru ching minh higu qua loc va chéng tie nghén ctia mang RO — TiO; ¢6 chiéu tia UV cao hon hin mang RO khéng phii TiO. Anh huéng ciia ham long TiO; cing rat quan trong. Nghién citu ciing cho thay & ham hrong TiO? thich hop, 24néu ting thdi gian chiéu UV va ting thdi gian ngdm mang trong nude sau khi chiéu sé lam ting d6 wa nude va tinh quang xite téc. Thém hat nano SiO, (¢6 tinh wa nude cao) tr$n hop v6i hat nano TiO, cho két qua lim ting tinh sigu wa nude va tinh quang xtc tée din dén ting higu qua tw lim sach ca ming RO théng qua lign két Si-O-Ti, Day chinh la diém méi la ctia céng trinh, Tuy nhién, phirong phap phi nhiing mang RO trong dung dich phan tan hat TiO; lai cho d@ bén bam dinh trén mang kém, diéu nay cing duge chirng minh qua thi nghiém cho thay sau khi tai sinh mang bing tia UV. mang khéng dat dirge higu qua loc nhur ban dau. V.Kochkodan va déng sir [18] da nghién ciru sy bém dinh cia cae vi khuan én mang polymer khée nhau bing céch khao st sy bim cée logi vi khudn E.Coli (wa mde). P. putida, A. Calcoaceticus (ky nude) [én cite logi mang khée nhau (polysulfone, polyethersulfone (ky nuréc), cellulose (wa mde) da chitng minh d6 bam cita vi khudn lén mang ky nurée thdp hon mang wa née, Trong khi dé, d6 bam cia vi khudn wa mrée kém hon vi khuin ky mide. Két qua ciing cho thay théng s6 théng hrong mde qua Ioe etia mang gidm theo thoi gian ching 16 la do su phét trién vi sinh vat trén bé mat mang gy citu ciing trinh biy higu qua digt khuan bing cach xir ly be mat mang biing hat nano TiO», cho thay mang sit dung hat nano TiO» ¢6 higu qua khang, vi khuan cao gap 1,7-2,3 lan so véi mang binh thudng tao kha chéng téc nghén boi su bam dinh vi sinh vat trén bé mat mang trong qua trinh hoat dong.PHAN IV : NOI DUNG VA KE HOACH THUC HIEN I. Mue dich nghién ciru: = Ché tao mang Igoe RO nanocomposite polyamide va hat nano TiO c6 kha nang tr lam sach khi co mat tia UV, ing dung trong loc mudi mrde bién. — Kho sat kha nang ty lim sach cia mang loc RO nanocomposite polyamide ~ TiO; pha tap Nito sir dung anh sang tring, ing dung trong loc mudi nude biéi — Dinh gid kha nang digt khudn ctia mang polyamide ~ TiO>, IL. Phuong phap ché tao mang: Ché tgo Isp mang nanocomposite polyamide ~ TiO; trén mang hé trg polysulfone throng gi. hexane Y {Hea tn |] — {Phin tin 15 gay newelioy Ming nanocomposite HB S030) HESCeTO dope Nt [Ty phigt Kiém tra cac tinh chat dc trung va higu qua phan tach cia mang loc MPD dirge hoa tan vao mrde edt, dem di khudy manh trong vai gid dé dam bao MPD hoa tan hoan toan trong nude, tgo mot dung dich déng nhat. TMC duge hda tan vao dung méi n-hexane va khudy bing trong mdt gid dé tao dung dich ding nhat, Qué trinh nay ¢6 thé phan tan cic hat nano TiO2 vio dung dich ki Khao sat va khudy trong vai i. Mamg PSf throng mai durge nhiing vao dung dich MPD trong 30 gidy, sau d6 duge loai bé dung méi thira bing mét con lin cao su hodc con dao khi. Ké tigp mang sé duge nhiing vao dung dich TMC dé phan ing tring hop tai bé mat phan pha xay ra, Sau 15 26gidy, mang duoc lay ra khoi dung dich va dem rita sach bing nude cét, dem w nhiét, sau do I. Vv. bao quan 6 5°C hode kiém tra, danh gid cde dic tinh va higu qua phan tich ctia mang. Cae giai doan thye nghigm : © Giai doan 1: Khao sat sy anh huéng cla cée yéu tO ché tao lén hinh thai mang loc, higu qua phin téch, 46 bén héa ly va higu suat khir mudi 1. Nghién ciru anh huéng cia ham long monomer va ty 1¢ ham long monomer. Nghién citu anh huréng cia dung mdi héa tan monomer. Nghién cir anh hong cia nhigt d6 phan ing, Nghién ciru anh hung etia thoi gian phan tg. Nghign ciru anh huréng cia nhiét d6 i mang, Nghién céru anh hong cia thai gian i mang, RYN au © Giai doan 2: Khao sit anh huéng ham long TiO, Ién hinh thai mang loc, higu qua phan tach, d6 bén héa ly, higu suat khir mudi va higu qua chéng te nghén ming, © Giai doan 3: Khao sit thoi gian chiéu bite xa UV lén higu qua phan tach, higu suat khir mudi, kha ning chéng tée nghén va d9 bén trong qua trinh loc eta mang phit TiO, © Giai doan 4; Khao sit anh huéng ham long SiO, két hop TiO, lén Ién hinh thai ming loc, higu qua phén tich, dO bén héa ly, higu sudt khir mudi va kha ning chéng tie nghén mang. * Giai dogn 5: Khao sat kha ning chéng tie nghén ctia hé SiO, ~ TiO; ¢6 pha tap Nito én hinh thai mang loc, higu qua phan tach, 4 bén hoa ly, higu suat khir mudi va kha nding chéng te nghén mang trong qua trinh loc ctia mang khi chiéu tia UV, va anh sang tring, © Giai doan 6: Khao sit va dinh gid cie yéu 6 anh wong dén kha ning Ige cla mang Danh gid cae tinh chit die trung cia mang loc nanocomposi © Dia hinh bé r ciia mang loc: diing SEM © Do do gé ghé cia bé mat mang loc : ding AFM © Hinh thai, chigu day cia cée lp mang PA, PSf ; si phan bé cita hat nano trong mang : kich thurée 15 xép: ding TEM « Khao sat sy hinh thanh cua PA, PSf trong mang loc: FT-IR 27kich thuéc hat, thanh phan, cdu tric pha ctia hat nano TiO, tén tai trong, © Khio s trén ming: ding XRD. © Danh gid tinh wa nude cia mang; ding may do contact angle (g6e tiép xtc gitta nude va bé mit ming) V. Dinh gid higu qua phin tach cia ming trong qua trinh loc: Str dung hé théng loc cross — flow nhw hinh ve : bypass 2° 20 tank 8 Membrane 2 Pome 7 Bermeate 4. Pressure guage Sir dung cae cng thire dirgc trinh bay & Phan co sé ly thuyét Buve 1 : sit dung née cat thi nghiém, Do théng krgng mude tham thau qua Ige (Iy") Buse 2 : sit dung née mudi NaCl véi néng 46 khac nhau, Xée dinh thong hrong mudi thm thu qua loc (Js") va d6 loai bo mudi Rs. Do théng hrong mrde thm thau qua Ige, xac dinh dé sut giam théng long nude va do loai bé mudi theo théi gian van hanh dé dénh gid sw tic nghén mang cing nhu higu qua cia TiO, (két hgp tia UV), SiO; — TiO» (két hop tia UV), SiO) — TiO, pha tap Nito (két hop anh sang tring), trong qua trinh phan tach va chéng the nghén. VL. Dinh gia kha nang diét khuin cia mang PA-TiO,: Dyra trén phwong php kiém tra Coliform va kiém tra E.Coli trrée va sau khi xit ly [] 28Cay mét long E.Coli cé néng dé xdc dinh vao nude cat. Dat mang vaomét dia petri, dé én bé mat mang 20m1 nude pha E.Coli, dem chiéu UV. Sau mdi thai diém xe dinh, nit ra Iml nude dem kiém tra E.Coli, Twong ty cho phwrong phap kiém tra Coliform, VIL Phuong phap thu thip vi xii sé ligu Céic sé ligu lign quan sé diroc thu thap va xir ly bing cde phurong phap théng ké ton hoc théng qua thyc hign khio sat anh huéng eta timng yéu 15 dén higu qua phan tich va chéng te nghén VIL Chi tigu dé ra Bé day l6p mang PA 50 —250 nm ‘Thong long nude > 10L/m?h Dé loai bé mudi 95% ‘Thdi gian chéng tic nghén mang > 20h IX. Hoa chit va thiét bi phuc vu nghién cru Hoa chat Cac Logi hat TiO» Powder Size dp (nm) | Sper (m’/g) | Band-gap(eV) 'P25 (Degussa) 21,00 50=15 3.05 TiO; 15,37 82.7 3.3 TiO,-SiO; 10,02 164.5 3.18 'N-(TiO2-SiO;) 8.83 238.37 3.15 Dung méi: hexan, heptan, cyclohexane, isopar, NMP, TEA, CSA. Lép support PSf (Aldrich) 29L6p polyester non - woven Dung dich AgNO; va NH,Cl Thiét bi phuc vu ché tao co tai phong thi nghigm May siéu dm (Ditc) Tu sdy (Trung Quéc) May do 46 din pH ké Thiét Thiét bj do kich thuée hat, XRD, TEM tai Phong Thi Nghiém Trong Diém — Dai Hoe Bach Khoa TPHCM. FE-SEM, FT-IR, BET tai Vién Khoa Hoc & Céng Nghé, sé. 1 Mac Dinh Chi Thiét bi do AFM tai Phong Thi Nghiém Nano — Dai Hoc Quée gia TPHCM. X. Kéhoach thue hign Du kién sé bao cao ludn van tot nghiép vao dau thang 12/2010, nhu vay thoi gian thye hign ludn van sé la 12 thang (bat dau tir dau thang 1/2010). 306. 10. i. 12. ‘AI LIEU THAM KHAO Aili D. Khawaji et al, 2008, Advances in seawater desalination technologies. Journal of Desalination, Vol 221, pp.47-69. Arun Subramani and Eric M.V. Hoek, 2008, Direct observation of initial microbial deposition onto reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes, Journal of Membrane Science, Vol 319 pp.111-125. ‘Asim K. Ghosh et al, 2008, Impacts of reaction and curing conditions on polyamide composite reverse osmosis membrane properties, Journal of Membrane Science, Vol 311, pp.34-45 Belal J. Abu Tarboush et al, 2008, Preparation of thin-film-composite polyamide membranes for desalination using novel hydrophilic surface _ modifying macromolecules, Journal of Membrane Science, Vol 325, pp.166-175 Byeong-Heon Jeong et al, 2007, Interfacial polymerization of thin film nanocomposite: A new concept for reverse osmosis membranes, Journal of Membrane Science, Vol 294, pp.1-7 C. Fritzmann et al, 2007, State of the art of Reverse osmosis desalination, Journal of Desalination, Vol 216, pp.1-76. Hyun Soo Lee, 2008, Polyamide thin-film nanofiltration membranes containing TiO: nanoparticles, Journal of Desalination, Vol 219, pp.48-36. 11 Juhn Roh et al, 2002, Mechanical properties and reverse osmosis performance of interfacially polymerized polyamide thin films, Journal of Membrane Science. Vol 197, pp.199-210 11 Juhn Roh et al, 2006,Synthesis and characterization of interfacially polymerized polyamide thin films, Journal of Desalination, Vol 191, pp.279-290. Jian-Hua Li ot al, 2009, Fabrication and characterization of a novel TiO) nanoparticle self-assembly membrane with improved fouling resistance, Journal of Membrane Science, Vol 326, pp.659-666. Lei Li et al, 2008, Polyamide thin film composite membranes prepared from isomeric biphenyl tetraacyl chloride and m-phenylenediamine, Journal of Membrane Science, Vol 315 pp.20-27. Mark. C Porter, 1990, Chapter 1: Synthetic membranes and their preparation, Handbook of industrial membrane technology, Noyes Publication, pp. - 60 3113. M4. 17. 18. 19. Nguy&n Dire Nghia, 2007, Chuong 3: Xtc tie nano, Héa hoe nano cong nghé né vat ligu nguén, NXB Khoa hoc te nhién va cong nghé, pp.283 — 305 R. Nadler and S. Srebnik, 2008, Molecular simulation of polyamide synthesis by interfacial polymerization, Journal of Membrane Science, Vol 315, pp.100-105. S.8. Madaeni and N. Ghaemi, 2007, Characterization of self-cleaning RO membranes coated with TiO, particles under UV irradiation, Journal of Membrane Science, Vol 303 pp.221-233. Soek-Tae Kang et al, 2004, Direct observation of biofouling in cross-flow microfiltration: mechanisms of deposition and release, Journal of Membrane Science, Vol 244 pp.151-165. ‘Takeshi Matsuura, 2001, Progress in membrane science and technology for seawater desalination, Journal of Desalination, Vol 134, pp.47-34. V.Kochkodan et al, 2008, Adhesion of microorganism to polymer membranes: a photobactericidal effect of surface treatment with TiO), Journal of Desalination, Vol 220, pp.380-385 Ying Jin and Zhaohui Su, 2009, Effects of polymerization conditions on hydrophilic groups in aromatic polyamide thin films, Journal of Membrane Science, Vol 330, pp.175-179. 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