Sydney Metro Earthing Strategy

Sydney Metro Network Stage 2
Reference Design
Section 9 - Earthing, Bonding and EMC
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Earthing and Bonding Strategy Report
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Date: 5 March 2010
Jinsun Kim
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Author:
Revision: Issued for Archiving
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Status: Pre-Final Reference Design
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Job title Reference Design Job number
C2100
Document title Section 9 – Earthing, Bonding and EMC Status
Pre-Final Reference
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Revision Date Filepath/Name WST-2100-PBACH-R-ME-0042[00]

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PRE-FINAL REFERENCE DESIGN

WST-2100-PBACH-R-ME-0042[00].DOC
Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Aims and Objectives 1
2 Definitions and Terms 2
3 Standards, regulations and references 3
4 Operation and maintenance 6

4.1 General 6
4.2 Earthing system 6
4.3 Rail to Earth Resistance 6
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4.4 DC Stray Current 6
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4.5 EMC Management 7
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5 Earthing and bonding 8
5.1 General 8
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5.2 Earth mat installation 8
5.3 Electrical bonding of DC railways 8
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5.4 Electrical strategy 8
6 Definition of the equipotential zones

6.1 General
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6.2 Principles prior to defining the equipotential zones 9
6.3 Zone A: LV earthing 11
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6.4 Zone B: The running rails 11
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6.5 Zone C: The rail vehicle body 11
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6.6 Zone D: Tunnel services 11
6.7 Zone E: HV earthing 11
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6.8 Zone F: Platform screen doors 11
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6.9 Zone G: Station lightning protection 12
6.10 Zone H: Depot 12
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6.10.1 Zone H1: Main line segregation 12
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6.10.2 Zone H2: Rolling stock maintenance building 12
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6.10.3 Zone H3: Infrastructure maintenance roads (Perway) 12
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6.10.4 Zone H4: Depot lightning protection 12
6.10.5 Zone H5: Washbay 13
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6.10.6 Zone H6: Wheel lathe 13
6.10.7 Zone H7: Jacking roads 13
6.10.8 Zone H8: Stabling roads 13
6.10.9 Zone H9: Overhead contact system 13
6.10.10 Zone H10: Shore supplies 13
6.10.11 Zone H11: Depot office areas 13
6.11 Zone I: Utility pipes 13
7 Equipotential zoning strategy for the Sydney Metro 14

7.1 General 14
7.2 Overview of earthing arrangement 14
7.3 Communications equipment 14
7.4 Generic to Sydney Metro Stations 14
7.5 Electrical bonding and separation 15
7.5.1 Separation between rail and platform LV equipment 15
7.5.2 Mechanical ducting 15
7.5.3 Platform screen doors 16

7.5.4 Tunnel services 16
7.5.5 Walkways 17
7.5.6 Cross passages services 17
7.6 Electrical bonding of Depot 17
7.6.1 Segregation from mainline 17
7.6.2 Maintenance roads – Rolling stock maintenance building 17
7.6.3 Maintenance roads – Infrastructure maintenance 18
7.6.4 LV earthing in the maintenance aArea 18
7.6.5 LV earthing in the wheel lathe area 18
7.6.6 Overhead conductor system 18
7.6.7 Office areas 18
7.6.8 Utility pipes 18
8 DC stray current – stations & tunnels 19

8.1 General 19
8.2 Monitoring DC stray current 19
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8.3 DC stray current - Depot 20
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8.4 Running rails 20
8.5 Trackslab 21
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8.6 Tunnel Rings 21
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8.7 Station structure 22
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8.7.1 Tunnel services 22
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9 EMI/EMC 23
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9.1 General 23
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9.2 EMC requirements 23
9.3 EMC management 23
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9.3.1 Impacts on third parties 23
9.3.2 EMC management within Metro 24
10 Lightning protection
10.1 Stations
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10.2 Overhead conductor system 25
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10.3 Buildings 25
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10.4 External Electrical Systems 25
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Appendix A HV Earthing Modelling Report 26
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Appendix B Drawing List 27
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REF
Reference Design Issued for Archiving
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
The earthing and bonding of multiple electrical systems consisting of AC HV and LV power supplies
and a DC railway is complex due to the need to ensure personnel and equipment safety while also not
creating unacceptable conditions for stray traction return current resulting in electrolysis corrosion of
buried metal structures. Further, the rail traction, electrical distribution, and corrosion protection areas
are covered by different legislation and the demarcation boundaries are such that it is not always
simple to align the jurisdictional boundary with a simple physical one.
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1.2 Aims and Objectives
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The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the evaluated options and a commentary on the
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adopted solutions for high voltage earthing, bonding and electrolysis protection across the Sydney
Metro Network Stage 2 (SMNS2). It will form the basis for the design development of the above
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project elements by:
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identifying both specific and brief requirements relevant to the design of the works.
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• identifying the specific regulations and standards relevant to the design of the works
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• identifying the verification requirements specific to the elements of the package.
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identifying the current status of the design and monitoring the timing for delivery of the design
information.
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This report covers the earthing and bonding design of the SMNS2. CDEGS earthing simulation
software has been extensively used in the overall design of the earthing system. The results of the
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simulation are covered in Appendix A of this report.
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PRE-FINAL REFERENCE DESIGN 1

Issued for Archiving Reference Design
Section 9 – Earthing, Bonding and EMC
2 Definitions and Terms
Table 2.1 Definition of terms
Acronym Definition
AC Alternating current
AS Australian Standards
AS/NZS Australian Standards / New Zealand Standards
ASP Accredited Service Provider
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BCA Building Code of Australia
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BPS Bulk power supply
BS
DC
British Standards
Direct current
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DNSP
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Distribution Network Service Provider
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EA Energy Australia
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EMC Electromagnetic compatibility
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ENA Energy Networks Association
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EPZ Equipotential zone
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HV High voltage
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IEC International Electrical Commission
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IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
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IP Ingress protection
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kA Kilo amps
kV
A F Kilo volt
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kVA Kilo volt amp
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kW Kilo watts
kWhr Kilo watt hours
LSZH Low smoke zero halogen
LV Low voltage
MVA Mega volt amp
OCC Operations Control Centre
OCS Overhead conductor system
PSD Platform screen door
PSTC Power, Station and Tunnel Control
STS Sub-transmission substation
V Volt
VA Volt amp
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3 Standards, regulations and references
The following standards are relevant, as a minimum, for the earthing, bonding, stray current mitigation
and EMC works. All works are to comply with the requirements as outlined in the latest version of the
relevant standards applicable at the time of installation.
Table 3.1 Applicable Standards and Regulations
Standard Description
Number
AS 1125 Conductors in insulated electric cables and flexible cords
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AS 1768 Lightning protection
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AS 2053
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Conduits and fittings for electrical installations
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AS 2067
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Substations and high voltage installations exceeding 1 kV a.c.
AS/NZS 3000
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Electrical installations (also known as the Australian/New Zealand Wiring
Rules)
AS/NZS 3013
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Electrical installations – Classification of the fire and mechanical
performance of wiring systems
AS/NZS 3080
AS Telecommunications installations – Generic cabling for commercial
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premises
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AS 3084 Telecommunications installations – Telecommunications pathways and
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spaces for commercial buildings
D AS/NZS 3100 Approval and test specification – General requirements for electrical
equipment
AS/NZS 3108 Approvals and test specifications – Particular requirements for isolating
transformers and safety isolating transformers
AS 3808 Insulating and sheathing materials for electric cables
AS/NZS 4130 Polyethylene (PE) pipes for pressure applications
AS/NZS 4507 Cables - Fire Performance
AS 4799 Installation of underground utility services and pipelines within railway

boundaries

AS 60270 High-voltage test techniques – Partial discharge measurements
AS 60529 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
AS/NZS 61000- Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – General standards – Immunity for

6-1 residential, commercial and light-industrial environments
AS/NZS 61000- Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – General standards – Immunity for

6-2 industrial environments
AS/NZS 61000- Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – General standards – Emission

6-3 standard for residential, commercial and light – industrial environments
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AS/NZS 61000- Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – General standards – Emission
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6-4 standard for industrial environments
EN 50121-1 Electromagnetic compatibility – Part 1: General
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EN 50121-2
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Electromagnetic compatibility – Part 2: Emission of the whole railway
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system to the outside world
EN 50121-3-1
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Electromagnetic compatibility – Part 3-1: Rolling stock – train and
complete vehicle
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EN 50121-3-2
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Electromagnetic compatibility – Part 3-2: Rolling stock - apparatus
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EN 50121-4
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Electromagnetic compatibility – Part 4: Emission and immunity of the
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signalling and telecommunications apparatus
EN 50121-5
T AElectromagnetic compatibility – Part 5: Emission and immunity of fixed
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power supply installations and apparatus
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EN 50122-1 Railway applications – Fixed installations – Part 1: Protective provisions
relating to electrical safety and earthing
D EN 50122-2 Railway applications – Fixed installations – Part 2: Protective provisions

against the effects of stray currents caused by DC traction systems
EN 50123 – 1 Railway Applications - Fixed installations, DC switchgear Part 1: General
EN 50123 – 2 Railway Applications - Fixed installations, DC switchgear Part 2: DC circuit

breakers
EN 50238 Railway applications – Compatibility between rolling stock and train

detection systems
EN 61547 Equipment for General Lighting Purposes EMC Immunity Requirements
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AUSTEL Customer Premises Cabling Manual Customer Premises Cabling Manual,

including specifically the following standards:
TS 001 Safety requirements.
TS 002 Analogue internetworking and non-interference requirements.
TS 003 Customer switching system connections requirements.
TS 006 General requirements for customer equipment connected to the
non switched public network.
TS 008 Permitted cabling products.
TS 009 Wiring rules for customer premises cabling.
TS 010 General premises cables registration requirements.
TS 011 Abbreviations, definitions and terms used by TS 001 to TS 006.
SAA HB 29 Communications cabling handbook
BCA Building Code of Australia
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NSW Service and Installation Rules
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NS 116
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Energy Australia Design Standards for Distribution Earthing
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Electricity Supply (Corrosion Protection) Regulation 2008
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Occupational Health and Safety Act 2000
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Occupational Health and Safety Regulation 2001 (NSW)
ENA EG1
S A Substation Earthing Guide
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IEEE Std 80
A IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding
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4 Operation and maintenance
4.1 General
The maintenance schedule and parameters of the earthing network, DC stray current monitoring
including rail-to-earth resistance and EMC emission will be determined by the IMO in accordance with
ENA EG1, relevant Australian or IEC standards.
4.2 Earthing system
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As indicated in Section 12.2 of ENA EG1, the response of an earthing system may progressively
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degrade, as its conductors and connectors deteriorate because of corrosion, mechanical fatigue,
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inadvertent breakage, etc. It is not reasonable to assume that an earthing system will maintain its
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initial performance level indefinitely. Therefore, periodic integrity tests are required to detect and repair
damaged or corroded conductors of the earthing system. The frequency and type of periodic checks
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required are determined by:
• statutory requirements, and
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• earth system size and vulnerability (i.e. to degradation by aggressive soils, or vandalism).
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The fall-of-potential method or four-point method will be used to measure the earth resistance, which
is suitable for the earth grid with a low earth resistance such as that of Metro earthing system. The
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earth grid of the next station and one of the HV cable sheaths can be used for the current injection.
The main earth busbars (MEBs) of the earth grid under test should be disconnected from the earth
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grid, and the HV cable sheath should be connected to one of the disconnected earth cables to the
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MEBs. Once the injected current is at the recommend level (as noted by the test equipment supplier)
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potentials should be measured at different potential probe locations to evaluate the earth resistance of
the earth grid. If practical, the stray current collection mats installed in the trackslab in the tunnels, with
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the minimum of 100mm separation between them at every 300m interval, could be used as a potential
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probe. If not appropriate, another alternative to measure the earth resistance is to be assessed.
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4.3 Rail to Earth Resistance
The minimum acceptable design and construct value for the rail to earth resistance will be 1 MΩ.km
per track. With the proposed track system for the Metro, which has the rail insulated and not
connected to earth, this rail to earth resistance is anticipate to be readily achieved.
The insulation resistance of rail to reinforcement mats will be regularly monitored and compared to
ensure that DC stray current is kept within the acceptable levels and not affecting the integrity of
nearby structures and services. The proposed method to undertake the testing is indicated in drawing
WST-2100-RD-1000-ME-0615.
4.4 DC Stray Current

Monitoring of DC stray current is incorporated in the design. This is described further in this report.
The bond from the running rails tied down to earth at the Depot will be continuously monitored on a
daily basis. This needs to be checked if the monitored current can represent the practical DC stray
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current. The output from the monitoring will be compared on a daily, monthly and yearly basis to
ascertain significant changes in the values recorded.
To mitigate DC stray current flowing from/to Utility substations through HV incoming cable sheaths,
the compartments of all HV switchboards for incoming cable connections will be equipped with
separate cable screen earth bars. This arrangement is to facilitate the future installation of a surge
earth clamp which allows isolation between the Utility and station earthing systems to block DC stray
current during normal operation and provides a virtual short circuit on an AC earth fault, acting to
provide a direct connection of HV cable screens to the switchboard earth bar.
4.5 EMC Management

An EMC management plan is to be prepared during the design and operations, and is to be based on
EN50121, 61000-5, AS/NZS 61000-6 and other applicable international railway standards. The EMC
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management plan will set out a strategy for the Metro to ensure EMC is achieved. It will identify the
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quality assurance process including hazard identification, required deliverables, roles and
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responsibilities, EMC certification and test specifications.
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5 Earthing and bonding
5.1 General
The earthing system will be designed to provide means to carry electric currents into the earth under
normal and fault conditions without exceeding any operating and equipment limits, or adversely
affecting continuity of service. The earthing system will also assure that a person in the vicinity of
earthed facilities is not exposed to the danger of critical electric shock.
In order to ensure that the designed earthing system is safe, the earth resistance, EPR, touch and
step potentials of the system will be verified to be within the safety limits required in the applicable
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legislation and standards.
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As the soil resistivity data for the various sites were not readily available, 150Ω·m of soil resistivity was
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assumed to conservatively represent all the stations for the earthing system modelling. This has been
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based on measurements of other sites with similar soil conditions. Soil resistivity tests will be require
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to be undertaken at each station using the Wenner method. Testing should occur for each station
once excavation or tunnelling is finished, and before the construction of concrete slab.
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Based on the earth grid design referred to in Appendix A, and with the assumed soil resistivity,
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modelling found that the earth resistance, touch and step potentials and EPR levels will be within the
safety limits required in the applicable Australian standards and IEEE 80.
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During the detail design stage, the earthing design analysis will be required to be completed using the
measured soil resistivity and finalised station layouts.
5.2
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Earth mat installation T
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The earth grid will consist of 120mm2 bare stranded copper cables laid 300mm below basement slab
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and electrodes with each, 10mm diameter, copper and 6m length. Boreholes for electrodes will be
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backfilled with soil enhancement compound of which resistance is less than 5Ω.m. Bonding between
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two earth grids will be made with two connections using 120mm2 insulated stranded copper cables. All
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joints will be made by exothermic welds except for bonding connections to equipment. At each riser
cable entry through an underground wall or floor, a tinned copper water-stop sleeve coated with epoxy
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resin will be provided to prevent the ingress of water.
5.3 Electrical bonding of DC railways

Under no circumstances, other than at the Depot, the platform screen doors at the stations, or those
equipotential zones, will there be any direct or indirect bonding to the running rails. This is to ensure
that the traction return current flowing in the running rails remains within the running rails and does not
seek to flow through the equipment or systems connected to the running rail and cause an electrical
malfunction, damage to earthing conductors, or electrolytic corrosion of buried structures.
5.4 Electrical strategy

To assist in defining the earthing strategy for different areas of the Metro system, a strategy of
establishing various equipotential zones has been utilised. This is described in more detail below.
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6 Definition of the equipotential zones
6.1 General
Equipotential zones are required for electrical safety and to prevent people touching, at the same time,
two metal parts that have a dangerous potential difference. The EPZ is at a low potential with respect
to earth during normal operation. Under earth faults the touch voltage may rise to a limit that is
specified as un-safe for humans.
The boundary of an EPZ is 2m from the outer metalwork. This 2m distance is generally accepted as
being the minimum clearance for a possible hand to hand fault and is cited in many books and
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standards. In the instance of this document, the 2 m distance is considered from the edge of the
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platform and looks back towards the station building etc. parallel to the platform and is referred to as
the buffer zone.
The zones in the stations described below are depicted in Figure 6-1.
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6.2
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Principles prior to defining the equipotential zones H
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The process when two separate electrical supplies are within a single area, i.e. a Sydney Metro
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electrical supply and electrical supply from another network such as Energy Australia, Integral Energy
or Railcorp, will require an assessment with respect to the 2 m buffer zone.
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Where the 2 m buffer zone has been achieved, each system can be bonded independently. Where the
2 m buffer zone can not be achieved, care is to be undertaken to ensure that the systems are isolated
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through the use of insulation or like means.
defined below.
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With respect to the Sydney Metro project, there are nine zones that have been identified. These are
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Figure 6.1 EPZ Zones in Stations
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6.3 Zone A: LV earthing

This zone incorporates all of the station areas except those covered in the zones defined below.
Here the assumption is that the bond to the Metro HV network is the neutral of the AC supply and the
earth conductor is labelled as the Multiple Earth Neutral [MEN] conductor. Additionally within this
zone, the good practice relating to earthing and bonding has been adopted in accordance with
electrical codes and standards.
6.4 Zone B: The running rails
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This zone has been introduced to address the specific requirements of the longitudinal railway.
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6.5 Zone C: The rail vehicle body
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The rail vehicle body has been treated as an equipotential zone in its own right. This is due to the fact
that the rail vehicle uses the 1500 V DC traction electrical supply, which is configured differently to the
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LV electrical supply used within the station environment. The obvious differences are the type of
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voltage and indeed the magnitude.
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Note: Traction bonding usually takes the form of cross bonding between running rails with a direct
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connection to the traction return or negative busbar of the substation. This is why it is important not to
bond to the running rails.
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6.6 Zone D: Tunnel services
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This zone has been included for work relating to tunnels on SMNS1 and SMNS2. It has been given its
own zone. The risk of touch potential is limited as there will be no electrified rolling stock present in the
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tunnel during maintenance activities and in the event of a detrainment, the rolling stock will not be
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drawing electrical current from the overhead contact system.
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Electrical equipment in tunnels will be bonded in accordance with the relevant standard and will not be
bonded to the running rails.
6.7 Zone E: HV earthing

This zone has been identified as relating to the high voltage electrical network associated with SMNS1
and SMNS2.
The HV earthing design is described in detail in the HV earthing modelling report contained in
Appendix A.
6.8 Zone F: Platform screen doors

This zone has been explicitly identified in order to address the specific anomaly to the bonding of DC
railways rule noted above. The platform screen doors will be bonded to the running rails via a building
supply negative busbar. Due the electrical supply being derived from the main station power supply,

an isolating transformer has been incorporated into the electrical supply for the platform screen doors.
This will ensure that the earth circuit for the station remains independent of the traction return circuit.
6.9 Zone G: Station lightning protection

This zone addresses the specific requirements of the earthing of the lightning protection system to be
installed at the station. It is generally understood that stations will not require lightning protection due
to their underground location but support structures may create an above ground to underground
electrical route. The extent and form of any lightning protection system has been determined to suit
the retrospective risk analysis.
6.10 Zone H: Depot
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The Depot generally does not comply with the 2 m ruling as there is a requirement to maintain the
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rolling stock. However isolation will be provided to prevent touch potentials.
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This zone has been explicitly created to separate the mainline railway configurations from the Depot.
The Depot is split into further sub zones to address the specific requirements of the office areas, 0
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maintenance workshops and stabling.
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Not all of the following zones are included in SMNS2 works, but are noted within this report to provide
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a holistic approach to the earthing and bonding design required for SMNS2.
6.10.1 Zone H1: Main line segregation
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This zone deals with the segregation of the Depot lines from the main line. This is not the situation and
this zone is not required.
6.10.2
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Zone H2: Rolling stock maintenance building
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This zone is applicable to each individual maintenance road in the rolling stock maintenance building,
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which is covered under SMNS1.
6.10.3
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Zone H3: Infrastructure maintenance roads (Perway)
6.10.4
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This zone is applicable to the infrastructure maintenance roads, which are covered under SMNS1.
Zone H4: Depot lightning protection

This zone has been specifically created to address the specific requirements of the earthing of the
lightning protection system to be installed at the Depot. It can be broken down into two further sub-
zones to address the specific requirements of the Depot.
Zone H4A: Lightning protection of the OCS

This zone is applicable to the overhead contact system support structures.
Zone H4B: Lightning protection of the Depot buildings

No new depot buildings are proposed for SMNS2.
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6.10.5 Zone H5: Washbay

The washbay building is a part of SMNS1.
6.10.6 Zone H6: Wheel lathe

The wheel lathe building is a part of SMNS1.
6.10.7 Zone H7: Jacking roads

Jacking roads or elevated roads are a fundamental part of the Depot, allowing safe access to the
underside of the rolling stock for maintenance activities. The jacking roads are located within the
maintenance shed and do not require traction power, and are covered under the SMNS1 scope.
6.10.8 Zone H8: Stabling roads
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Stabling roads have been identified as a separate equipotential zone as they contain a number of
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metallic structures and electrical equipment, such as walkways, handrails, lighting and CCTV.
6.10.9 Zone H9: Overhead contact system
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Zone H9A: Non maintenance roads
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The overhead contact system support structures will comply with the requirements laid out in section
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6.10.2. The OCS must be double insulated from the support structure. In addition to this, there must
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be a low resistance return path for fault current in the event that the primary insulation for the OCS is
compromised. If such a path is not provided, the DCCB will not trip.
Zone H9B: Maintenance roads
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The overhead contact system in the Depot must be capable of full electrical isolation and/or
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segregation from other parts of the overhead contact system.
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6.10.10 Zone H10: Shore supplies
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This zone is concerned with the auxiliary power supply provided to rolling stock. This is part of the
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SMNS1 works.
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6.10.11 Zone H11: Depot office areas
This zone is concerned with the low voltage electrical supplies and will comply with AS/NZS 3000.
This is part of the SMNS1 works.
6.11 Zone I: Utility pipes

This zone deals with utility pipes in all areas and the mitigation of DC stray current.

7 Equipotential zoning strategy for the Sydney

Metro
7.1 General
This section incorporates the equipotential zoning methodology.
7.2 Overview of earthing arrangement
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The overarching earthing arrangement is a MEN arrangement as per AS/NZS3000.
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7.3 Communications equipment
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A communication earth bar system is to be installed for the connection of communications equipment
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and other signal circuits. This is to avoid unwanted earth loops to occur between signal circuits. The
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loops may form when the circuits are earthed to different earth buses with potential differences
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Ideally a separate communications earth grid separated from the main electrical earth with a surge
arrester would be provided with connections to the main earth grid, but in the stations the structure
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and the separation from the main earth grid will not be achieved. To mitigate the risk of noise, a
separate earth bar and cable reticulation will be installed, with the connection to the earth grid
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occurring as close as practically possible to the earth grid / ground connections.
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Cabling associated with communications earth installations will be identified with a purple sheath.
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Under no circumstances will any other electrical equipment be connected to the communications
equipment earth bar.
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7.4 Generic to Sydney Metro Stations
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A typical scenario relating to equipotential zone bonding is shown below.
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Table 7.1 Station generic bonding guidelines
Scenario Bonding Guidance
Insulating membrane below platform No bonding required.

finishes, extending 2m from the platform
edge.
Steelwork within 2m of platform edge. No bonding required.
Platform Screen Doors Metalwork Bonded to the running rails, zone B EPZ
Light Fittings, advertising frames, train Bonded to the zone A EPZ (LV earthing).
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mirrors, CCTV equipment, etc. within 2 m
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buffer zone
Platform supporting steelwork. No bonding required.
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Steelwork further than 2m from platform
edge.
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No bonding required.
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Platform end gates.
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No bonding required.
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Light fittings, advertising frames, train
mirrors, CCTV equipment, etc. outside the M
Bonded to the zone A EPZ (LV earthing)
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2m buffer zone.
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7.5
A
Electrical bonding and separation
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7.5.1
A F
Separation between rail and platform LV equipment
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To avoid simultaneously touching the rail vehicle boundary (i.e. the kinematic envelope) and the
platform structures bonded to the AC safety earthing system, a 2m separation will be maintained
between them.
If the 2m physical separation is not possible, for example where equipment has to be mounted close
to the track on an end-of-platform wall, electrical separation can be maintained by a barrier, an
insulating wall or double insulation.
The LV electrical equipment fixed on the platform but separated from the rail vehicle boundary can be
treated by applying the requirements of AS/NZS3000.
7.5.2 Mechanical ducting

The general assumption is that no metallic mechanical ducting will be located within close proximity of
the overhead contact system. Should there be a requirement to do so, then the ducting is to be
insulated in the location that close proximity occurs, and method statements will be introduced so that
the power to the overhead conductor system is isolated prior to the commencement of maintenance
activities on any equipment in contact with the ducting in question.

7.5.3 Platform screen doors

Platform screen doors are to be electrically segregated from the main earth system of the station.
They are required to be bonded to the running rails. The platform screen doors should be fixed to the
platform edge using non conductive materials and they should also be mounted upon suitable
insulation mats, similar to those seen when insulating the running rails from the rail fixing. This
isolation will also be required for top and side connections to the building structure.
The earthing arrangement of the platform screen door is electrically segregated from the low voltage
electrical supply. This will be achieved by via the use of an isolating transformer.
The communications and control equipment for the platform screen doors will be powered from the
station LV supply, any remote communications or control connections to the actual platform screen
doors will require isolation. Communications connections will be via optical fibre so there is no
electrical connection.
0
Some railway operators do not bond the platform screen doors to the running rails. Research into this
1
field reveals that a particular supplier of platform screen doors does not recommend bonding to the
0
running rails, whilst others recommend doing so.
H 2
Whilst this approach may be incorporated upon a risk basis, the decision to bond the platform screen
doors to the running rails or to leave them free floating will be very much dependent upon the supplier
C
of the platform screen doors.
R
One reference earthing point at around the middle of the track rail in each station will be provided to
A
prevent circulating current flowing between the rail and PSD earthing circuit due to potential
M
differences along the rail by a large DC current flow.
7.5.4 Tunnel services
T 5
A
The SMNS2 design pertains to the area of which is mostly underground. As a result there will be
various tunnel services requiring electrical power. These tunnel services typically include;
• lighting
AS
T
• ventilation
• pumps, and
A F
•
D R
communications.
The risk of touch potential in a tunnel environment may be limited to;
• emergency scenarios involving a detrainment of passengers
• scheduled maintenance activities, and
• un-scheduled maintenance activities.
The risk of touch potential is limited as there will be no electrified rolling stock present in the tunnel for
maintenance activities and in the event of a detrainment, the rolling stock will not be drawing electrical
current from the overhead contact system.
LV cables will be double insulated so that the cable containment does not require connection to earth.
HV cables will be sheathed so no contact between cable containment and metallic screens will occur,
so that the cable containment does not require connection to earth.
16
T
Based on this approach, there are no special arrangements regarding the earthing strategy of the
tunnel services. Cable trays, ducting and such like are not required to be bonded to the running rails
even though they are within 2 m of the running rails.
Earthing of equipment will be to the main station earthing system
7.5.5 Walkways
The general assumption is that walkways will only be used in emergency scenarios but in the event
that a walkway is to be used during operational timetable, the following will be applied;
• handrail detail will specify non conducting material and the method statement will ensure that
personnel and equipment required for maintenance will remain within the confines of the walkway,
or
0
• if non conducting material is deemed too expensive, then the fixings between the handrail and the
1
walkway will be of non conducting material and the hand-rail will be divided into relatively short
0
electrically continuous lengths.
7.5.6 Cross passages services
H 2
C
The cross passages provide a means of safe egress from the railway mainline operations for
R
passengers who have de-trained in an emergency situation. It is proposed that there are no special
A
arrangements required for cross passageway equipment and that the requirements laid out for tunnel
services are followed.
5 M
The general assumption is that the cross passages will only be used as a means of emergency egress
from a detrainment. The assumption here is that the overhead conductor system will be isolated and
T
no traction current will be drawn. Should there be a need to operate the cross passages whereby the
A
overhead conductor system is not isolated then the cross passage doors do not need to be bonded to
the running rails but they will need to be double insulated to avoid touch potential risks.
AS
T
7.6 Electrical bonding of Depot
7.6.1
A F
Segregation from mainline
D R
The design does not require electrical segregation from the mainline as there will not be a dedicated
electrical substation for the Depot.
7.6.2 Maintenance roads – Rolling stock maintenance building

For elevated tracks, a test connection between the rail waybeam and the ground [via the support
structure] will be provided for personal safety reasons.
Tracks will be isolated from the remaining traction return system with insulated rail joints (IRJ). These
will be located so that they are able to be replaced without the need to demolish any concrete.
A diode circuit will be provided connecting the maintenance roads to the Depot roads, providing a path
for the traction return currents to flow during the short periods when rolling stock is moved in / out of
the shed. The diode circuit will provide a number of diodes to ensure that the failure of one diode will
not impact the operations or integrity of the system.

7.6.3 Maintenance roads – Infrastructure maintenance

Tracks will be isolated from the remaining traction return system with insulated rail joints (IRJ). These
will be located so that they are able to be replaced without the need to demolish any concrete.
The tracks will be earthed so that no earth potential exists.
7.6.4 LV earthing in the maintenance aArea

Low voltage earthing will be in accordance with AS/NZS 3000 and will not incorporate any bonding to
the running rails.
7.6.5 LV earthing in the wheel lathe area
0
Low voltage earthing will be in accordance with AS/NZS 3000 and will not incorporate any bonding to
1
the running rails. There is no risk of touch potential in this area as there will be no traction power
0
delivered to the rolling stock.
7.6.6 Overhead conductor system
H 2
C
The overhead contact system will incorporate an isolation switch, such that the mainline and the Depot
R
can be electrically segregated.
M A
The handrails and authorised metallic walkways and routes will be bonded to the running rails via a
building supply negative busbar. This will mitigate against touch potential risks within this area.
5
Sections of the overhead conductor system that are to be temporarily made safe for personnel contact
T
must be isolated and connected to rail before contact is permitted.
Stabling roads
S A
These structures will not be bonded to the running rails but will follow the specific requirements of
A
AS/NZS 3000, i.e. the Multiple Earth Network arrangement with the structures connected to earth. Any
equipment requiring electrical supply that is connected to these structures will be double insulated
T
from the structure.
A F
To minimise the effects of touch potential issues, structures should be insulated at those areas where
R
a touch potential scenario may exist with insulated material.
D
For the actual roads, this zone is a derivative of section 6.10.2 in the sense that it is applicable to the
low voltage electrical supply.
Battery powered tools, compressed air tools or tools supplied from the auxiliary power supply of the
rolling stock will be used in this area of the Depot for maintenance.
7.6.7 Office areas

Low voltage earthing in the office areas will be in accordance with AS/NZS 3000 and will generally
adopt the principles of equipotential zone A.
7.6.8 Utility pipes

Utility pipes will be electrically bonded to the main earth bar. Insulated joints will be required at the
property boundaries also.
18
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8 DC stray current – stations & tunnels
8.1 General
The strategy for dealing with the DC stray current inherent with DC systems is to minimise the stray
current through insulation, while providing the reinforcement mats under the running rails and
installation of a collector cable to allow for capture of any stray current should there be an issue found
during regular testing and monitoring activities.
A dedicated stray current collector system in the stations and tunnels is proposed, but will not be
connected unless an issue is discovered during regular testing and monitoring activities.
0
The tunnel construction has concrete segments for the tunnel lining, with steel fibres used for
1
reinforcement. The steel fibres are not electrically or mechanically continuous, and thus will not form
0
an electrical circuit.
H 2
The track form installation in the stations and tunnels will be minimum double insulated from
supporting structure (i.e. the track slab), thus negating the need of a stray current mat in the tunnels
C
section of the SMNS2. However, the mat is to be provided to only monitor stray current. In the event of
R
insulation degradation in the future, the mat will be used as parts of the stray current collection
A
system.
M
The predominant ground conditions in Sydney give rise to the understanding that the level of rail to
5
earth resistance is of significant magnitude to ensure there is less than 1A of stray current flowing in
mother earth or nearby circuits.
A T
The double insulation for the track form is provided by:
S
• booted sleepers
A
rail fixings to be insulated material (nylon washers / pads or similar) so that rail is insulated from the
booted sleepers.
T
A F
The trackslab requirements are outlined below in the chapter 8.5.
R
The oil refinery facilities in Camellia, the buildings in Sydney Olympic Park, and the in ground gas and
D
petroleum pipelines in the Camellia - Silverwater area will need special attention to be taken to
minimise the effects of stray current, as well as other facilities along the SMNS2 railway line. Further
assessment is required during the detailed design stage of the project to ensure any additional
measures are suited to the final installed system.
8.2 Monitoring DC stray current

As noted above, provisions for DC stray current monitoring will be incorporated in the design (refer to
drawing WST-2100-RD-1000-ME-0615).
Within the tunnel, copper tags will be provided at set durations connected to the track slab
reinforcement to allow for periodic testing for any degradation in the track form insulation. There are
no tags in the trackslab sections in the station. This is described in more detail below in the Trackslab
section.
PSD’s and the rail to earth voltage at stations will also be monitored and recorded.

The output from the monitoring will be compared on a daily, monthly and yearly basis to ascertain
significant changes in the values recorded.
8.3 DC stray current - Depot

The track form installation in the Depot will be provided, as a minimum, with single insulation from
earth, thus negating the need of a stray current mat.
The insulation is provided by:
• rail fixings to be insulated material (nylon washers / pads or similar) so that rail is insulated from the
sleepers
• where rails are imbedded in concrete and part of the traction return circuit, the rail is to be
imbedded in insulating material (e.g. via a booted rail) to provide isolation from earth
• where rails are imbedded in concrete, not part of the traction return circuit and insulated from the
1 0
0
rest of the Depot rails via insulated rail joints, the rails will be earthed. This includes areas such as
2
the Perway, Maintenance Shed tracks, and the Wheel Lathe.
H
Monitoring of the earth connection at the Maintenance Building will be provided.
R C
The output from the monitoring will be compared on a daily, monthly and yearly basis to ascertain
significant changes in the values recorded.
8.4 Running rails

M A
T 5
The traction return current will pass through the running rails and at some point there will be a
A
connection from the rail to the negative busbar at each traction substation. Running rails will be
bonded at each station and other areas as noted in the mainline traction negative return schematics,
S
drawings WST-2100-RD-1000-ME-0305, WST-2100-RD-1000-ME-0306 and WST-2100-RD-1000-
A
ME-0307 to assist in current sharing to the negative busbar of the traction substation.
F T
The purpose of the traction return circuit is to ensure that a redundant path is provided in the traction
A
return to deal with any running rail breakages.
R
Cross bonding has been provided on the following basis:
•
D
cross bonding to occur at each traction substation location, with the cross bonding to occur at the
nearest point to the substation.
cross bonding to occur at each station.
• Cross bonding to occur at the end of each track between tracks. For SMNS1, this is to occur at the
end of each siding track in the Depot, and at Rozelle Station. For SMNS2, this is after the stabling
tracks at Westmead Station, and at the end of each additional or extended siding track in the Depot
The cross bonding is used to reduce the overall running rail resistance in order to get the rail potential
to below 60V. Preliminary rail potential modelling has indicated that in the rail sections where the
distance between traction substations are the greatest, i.e. between Central and Homebush Bay
Drive, the rail potential may exceed the 60V. As a consequence, should more detailed modelling
confirm this situation, additional measures will be required, such as to install additional cabling
connecting to the rail to further decrease the resistance of the traction return circuit.
Under no circumstances should any bonds be made to track fixings themselves as this will have an
adverse effect upon the stray current mitigation and control which in turn will impact upon the efficient
20
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return circuit of the traction motor current, i.e. traction return current will flow through the fixings and
into nearby electrical circuits, metallic structures or earth.
8.5 Trackslab
The design of the trackslab is important, but bears no resemblance to earthing and bonding. The
important features of trackslab design revolve around ensuring that the right amount of insulation is
installed between the running rail and the sleeper on which it rests. The right amount of insulation
assists in the control of stray current. This has been described above.
As the trackslab will have steel reinforcement, there are requirements to allow for the possible
degradation of the rail to earth resistance, and to enable the collection of any unacceptable stray
current if necessary.
0
The reinforcement in the trackslab will be electrically continuous for lengths up to 300 metres
1
maximum creating a series of mats. Each adjacent mat will be electrically isolated. Continuity is
0
provided by welding sufficient longitudinal steel to achieve the equivalent of 70 mm² copper over this
length. This may be achieved by welding reinforcing bars at 1m grid centres and at laps. Where
2
reinforcing mesh is used, welding at 1 m spacing at laps may be sufficient.
C H
Within the trackslab, sufficient steelwork or steel reinforcement must be electrically continuous
throughout the length to provide longitudinal conductivity equivalent to that of a 70 mm² copper
R
conductor.
M A
Continuity across lateral dowelling joints is to be provided with 2 x 70 mm² copper cables connected to
each layer of stray current mesh. Copper cables will be connected to reinforcement using ‘Cadweld’,
5
or approved equivalent, cable to rebar connectors.
T
There is to be no untied or electrically discontinuous longitudinal construction joints in the slab within
A
the width occupied by a stray current collection mat. The structure containing the stray current
collection mats is not be electrically connected, and have minimum of 100mm of concrete separation
S
from any adjoining structures.
T A
At the ends of each electrically continuous section insulated copper “tail” cables equivalent to 70 mm²
copper will be connected from each mat to an insulated termination bar. Additional connection points
F
will be provided on the termination bar in such pits for future connection to a stray current collector
A
cable which is to transfer collected stray currents between pits before returning to the substation.
D R
Testing of the electrical continuity of the stray current collection mats and tail cables is to be
conducted to show that a conductivity equivalent to a 70 mm² piece of copper cable has been
achieved between any two points within the electrically continuous section and between termination
bars. This requirement includes testing for continuity across lateral joints. Such testing is to be
performed prior to the pouring of concrete.
Weld size, throat size, cross-sectional area and surface area is to be consistent with the bars being
welded so as to ensure that the correct conductivity is achieved. All welds are to be in accordance with
AS1554.
8.6 Tunnel Rings

The tunnel rings/lining are not required to be bonded to the running rails. The tunnel rings/lining are
adequately earthed through the physical ground in which they are connected to.

8.7 Station structure

Within each structure sufficient steelwork or steel reinforcement is to be electrically continuous
throughout the length of the structure to provide longitudinal conductivity equivalent to that of a 70
mm² copper conductor between monitoring points. In addition, each lateral reinforcing bar is to be
welded to at least two longitudinal bars and each longitudinal bar is to be welded to at least two lateral
bars.
At least two flexible continuity bonds will be provided across any construction joint, expansion joint or
other structural discontinuity each equivalent to a 70 mm² copper conductor.
At the ends of each electrically continuous section (usually the entire structures in most cases)
suitable terminals are to be provided to enable continuity testing and to permit future connection to
cathodic or equivalent corrosion protection installation. Terminals are to be Cadweld, or approved
equivalent, lugs or plates. These terminals are to be clearly marked, identified and protected, and be
0
easily accessible.
1
The terminals are to be marked by stamping with a letter punch or using a cast in stainless steel plate.
0
The labelling text size must be 6mm high with the words “ELECTROLYSIS TEST POINT”.
8.7.1 Tunnel services
H 2
R C
For stray current mitigation, all metallic tunnel services within the running tunnels will have insulated
A
joints installed at regular intervals. These joints for all services are to line up with each other and also
with the structural joints as outlined above for trackslab measures.
Insulated joints will not be located within station caverns.
5 M
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AS
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9 EMI/EMC
9.1 General
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is the ability of electrical or electronic apparatus to operate in its
intended environment without suffering unacceptable degradation or causing unintentional
degradation to other apparatus.
The railway is a complex electromagnetic environment and the EMC interfaces with other third party
systems along railway stations also need to be investigated. Failures in compatibility between systems
can introduce costly unreliability in services as well as leading to incidents that may compromise the
0
safety of passengers and staff.
0 1
2
9.2 EMC requirements
H
All electrical and electronic equipment utilised within Sydney Metro are to meet the latest EMC
C
standards.
AR
The whole railway is a distributed system along the route and need not be tested as a single entity for
compliance to the EMC requirements. However, all apparatus, systems and installations that make up
M
the whole railway system must individually comply with the requirements. Therefore, manufacturers,
suppliers and installation contractors of all electrical or electronic equipment, systems and installations
5
are to demonstrate compliance with the EMC requirements.
A T
Technical construction file will be utilised to demonstrate compliance with EMC within Sydney Metro
system, based on rigorous EMC testing and independently assessed by and EMC competent body.
AS
Compliances with EMC requirements will be addressed at every phase of Sydney Metro project
including design, construction, operation and maintenance.
F T
A
9.3 EMC management
D
9.3.1
R Impacts on third parties
Characterisation of the electromagnetic environment is necessary to fully understand the environment
in which the railway is intended to operate. An electromagnetic environment characterisation study is
to be performed which will consist of a desk top study to indentify the likely intentional interfaces and
transmitters such as the existing railway system, utilities, emergency service radio, and medical
equipment in nearby hospitals.
Site measurements should be undertaken at key locations along the Sydney Metro route to ascertain
the electromagnetic ambient. These key locations include, but are not limited to:
• City Road – Broadway Road junction area, due to close proximity to Telstra’s tunnel and premises
at this junction
• Sydney University, where the alignment passes under all of the University’s buildings
• Westmead Station and stabling roads, due to the close proximity of the hospital and the T-Way bus
system to the alignment.

Other areas will also have site measurements completed following any additional sites that are
identified during the electromagnetic environment characterisation study.
An assessment is to be made of the electromagnetic compatibility between the electric traction

system, rolling stock and the signalling systems. It will be demonstrated that the proposed installation
will neither cause nor be subject to an increase in risk due to electromagnetic interference.
An EMC management plant covering design, construction and maintenance will be established.
An EMC Installation Code of Practice will be prepared based on the requirements of the railway
network, best practice in EMC design, installation and the EN 61000-5 series of standards. In
designing the Sydney Metro that operates close to another railway it is necessary that reference is
made to the standards and codes of both railways as emissions from on impinge on the other.
Preparation of an EMC test specification will include a comprehensive specification of the EMC testing
requirements for SMNS2. Tests will include EMC testing of individual apparatus and at system level.
0
Additionally site measurements will be undertaken on the final installed railway system to verify that
1
the project EMC requirements have been met.
2
Westmead Station and the traction substation at Westmead will be located close to Westmead
Hospital where sensitive medical equipment and devices are located. There will be building
0
H
substations located at Westmead Station and traction substation at Westmead Ancillary Site. The
C
position of the electrical substations has aimed to maximise the distance from the hospital, however
suitable land acquisition has resulted in the substations being located in areas that may still influence
R
some areas of the hospital. Also, at Westmead, SMNS2 will run under or close to Bus T-way route
A
whose system includes low level signal circuits for closed circuit television, display screens and real-
M
time information. EMI influence from the SMNS2 electrical systems to the hospital and T-way facilities
will need further investigation and analysis, with additional mitigation measures to be put in place to
5
provide the necessary compliance.
9.3.2
A
EMC management within Metro
T
S
All traction substations are located on the street level (above ground). The only exception is
A
Leichhardt Station, where, the 1500V DC switchboard room is located underground, but outside the
T
station box.
A F
Where practical, the HV and traction equipment, e.g. transformers, reactors, switchgear, are located to
maximise the distance to the communications and signalling equipment rooms.
D R
The LV design is to mitigate issues of electromagnetic radiation effects on communications and
signalling equipment.
The preferred method of providing EMC is to maximise the separation between HV / traction / LV
cables and communications / signalling installations. The main area of the SMNS2 where it is
expected that HV / traction / LV cables and communications cables will be reticulated in long parallel
routes is within the tunnels and the station track areas. The separation distance is limited to the tunnel
diameter.
The routing of cables in the tunnels has been based on:
• Avoiding reticulating HV / traction / LV cables and communications / signalling cables in close

proximity over long parallel routes, and
• For LV cables , where copper communications / signalling cables and power cables cannot achieve
the recommended separation, the LV cables will be enclosed in earthed steel cable ducts (trays,
conduits or ducts)
• Main communications cabling will be optical fibre which is not susceptible to EMC issues.
The routing of cables in the station track areas follow similar principles.
24
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10 Lightning protection
10.1 Stations
The station entrances will have lightning protection provided through the use of the station building
structure. Most of the external building structures are low rise structures, and generally do not tower
over the height of adjacent buildings.
10.2 Overhead conductor system
1 0
There will be no additional requirement for lightning protection on the overhead conductor system
0
within the tunnels as this system is not susceptible to lightning strikes.
2
Within the Depot, in order to prevent lightning surges damaging railway infrastructure, surge arrestors
H
will be employed. In addition to surge arrestors, lightning protection via high masts and air terminals
C
are also proposed. This applies to the whole of the Depot area.
10.3 Buildings
AR
M
All above ground structures will be provided with a lightning protection system.
5
T
This system will utilise a system comprising of down conductors connected to finials and horizontal
A
metallic straps mounted on the roof of the building and provided in accordance with AS/NZS1768.
10.4
AS
External Electrical Systems
F T
Switchboards and communications connection frames supplying electrical circuits and copper
A
communications circuits used to supply or connect equipment mounted in external areas will be
provided with surge protection devices
D R
This system will utilise a system comprising of down conductors connected to finials and horizontal
metallic straps mounted on the roof of the building and provided in accordance with AS/NZS1768.

Appendix A HV Earthing Modelling Report
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Sydney Metro Network Stage 2
Reference Design
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Appendix A - HV Earthing Management Strategy
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Report
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Date: 5th March 2010
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Author: Jinsun Kim
Revision: Issued for Archiving
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Status: Pre-Final Reference Design
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Document Verification
Job title Reference Design Job number
C2100
Document title Section 9 – Earthing, Bonding and EMC Status
Appendix A – HV Earthing Management Strategy Report
Pre-Final Reference
Design
Discipline
Revision Date Filepath/Name WST-2100-PBACH-R-ME-0042[00]

0-0 5/03/2010 Description Issued for Archiving

Name Jinsun Kim Simon Makeham Daniel Kuster
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Signature
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Filepath/Name
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Description
Name
Prepared by Checked by
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Approved by
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Signature
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Filename
Description
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APPENDIX A_HV EARTHING MANAGEMENT STRATEGY.DOC
Contents
Executive summary 1
1 Introduction 2
2 Standards for consideration 3
3 References 4
4 Methodology 5
4.1 CDEGS calculation methodology 5
5 Assumptions 6
0
6 Soil model and resistivity 7
1
6.1 Soil resistivity testing 7
0
6.2 Soil model 7
7 Earthing design
H 2
7.1 Determination of earth fault current contribution for the maximum earth grid potential rise
8
8
C
7.2 Earthing system 10
R
7.3 Earthing system impedance 11
7.4 Earth potential rise (EPR) 11
8 Hazard investigation
8.1 Maximum allowable step and touch voltages
M A 13
13
5
8.2 Hazardous step and touch voltage analysis 15
8.3 EPR and EPR transfer hazard investigation. 16
9.1 Conclusions
A
9 Conclusions and recommendations
T 17
17
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9.2 Recommendations 17
T A
A F
D R

Appendix A - HV Earthing Management Strategy Report
Executive summary
This earthing study presents the conceptual computer aided design and performance evaluation
for the Sydney Metro Network Stage 2 (SMNS2) earthing systems.
IEEE STD 80, AS/NZS 3000, ENA EG1, AS/NZ 4853 and AS 2067 were generally applied for
the earthing system design.
As site soil resistivity data were not available, an investigation to previous measurements of soil
resistivity near to the SMNS2 alignement was undertaken. Thus, a homogeneous soil model,
with a soil resistivity of 150 Ω·m was evaluated to conservatively represent all the stations and
0
applied to the earthing system modelling. The earth fault levels available from the HV network
1
analysis were utilised.
2
The modelling of earth bonding between the stations incorporates the screens of two 33kV and
0
two 11kV cable circuits, which will act as earth returns. However, a single tunnel failure between
H
two stations, which places one 33kV circuit and one 11kV circuit out of service, was considered
C
in the analysis.
required value of 1 Ω or lower as per AS/NZS 3000.
AR
The typical earth impedance was calculated to be less than 0.61 Ω, which complies with the
phase to earth fault.
5 M
The maximum earth potential rise (EPR) was calculated as 490V at Silverwater station during a
T
The maximum step and touch voltages of the station earth grids were calculated to be 125V and
A
78V, respectively, which are all within the safe limits according to the IEEE STD 80, AS/NZ 4853
S
and AS 2067 standards.
A
The maximum surface EPR at neighbouring properties was calculated to be below 500V. Even
T
though the Metro earthing system satisfies the EPR limit required in AS3835, the touch voltages
F
of any utility pipes, metallic structures, fences, etc around the perimeters of the station earth grid
A
rings have to be investigated during the construction design. It must be ensured that no voltage
R
exceeding 430V is transferred to other installations.
D
On the basis of the above findings the station earth grids designed for all the stations and
ancillary building areas have been evaluated to be safe according to the applicable standards
and recommendations.
1
APPENDIX A_HV EARTHING MANAGEMENT STRATEGY.DOC T
1 Introduction
The objectives of this report are to provide a safe earthing system design of the SMNS2 that
• provides means to carry electric currents into the earth under normal and fault conditions
without exceeding any operating and equipment limits or adversely affecting continuity of
service and
• assures that a person in the vicinity of earthed facilities is not exposed to the danger of critical
electric shock.
In order to ensure that the designed earthing system is safe, the earth resistance, EPR, touch
0
and step potentials of the system are calculated and verified to be within the safety limits
1
required in the applicable legislation and standards, as outlined in Section 2.
2 0
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2 Standards for consideration
All electrical installations are subjected to a number of standards and regulations in order to
ensure the safety of equipment and personnel. The earthing system’s safety compliance has
been assessed to the standards and recommendations listed in listed in order of preference in
Error! Reference source not found..
It should be noted that Australian Standards, ENA EG1-2006 and AS 3000, are used for their
general recommendations and for installation of earthing systems, but ENA EG1 takes
precedence for substation installations. Both standards align with the IEEE STD 80 – 2000
approach for safety assessments.
0
Table 2.1 Earthing standards
Reference Number Title
0 1
ENA EG1-2006 Substation Earthing Guide
H 2
C
IEEE Std 80 – 2000 Guide for Safety in AC Station Grounding
R
IEEE Std 81 – 1983 Guide for Measuring Earth Resistivity, Ground Impedance
A
and Earth Surface Potentials of a Ground System;
M
IEEE Std 81.2 – 1999 Guide for Measurement of Impedance and Safety
Characteristics of Large Extended or Interconnected
5
Grounding Systems;
T
AS/NZS 2067 -2008 Substation and high voltage installations exceeding 1kV a.c.
A
AS/NZS 3835.1 – 2006 Earth Potential Rise –Protection of telecommunications
S
network users, personnel and plant: Part 1 Code of Practice
A
AS/NZS 3835.2 – 2006 Earth Potential Rise – Protection of telecommunication
network users, personnel and plant: Part 2 Application
T
Guide;
A F AS/NZ 4853 – 2000 Electrical hazards on metallic pipelines
R
EN 50122-1 Railway Applications – Fixed installations – Protective
D
provisions relating to electrical safety and earthing.
EN 50122-2 Railway Applications – Fixed installations – Protective
provisions against the effects of stray currents caused by DC
traction systems.
AS/NZS 3000 Electrical installations (known as the Australian/New Zealand
Wiring Rules)
AS/NZS 1768 Lightning Protection
3
3 References
NS 116 Energy Australia Design Standards for Distribution Earthing.
Integral Energy Documents
Substation Design Instruction SDI 505 - General Details and Minimum Requirements;
Distribution Earthing Construction and Test SDI 100
Station layouts of all stations of SMNS2
0
Single line diagrams of SMNS2
HV modelling report of SMNS2 (Appendix A - Section 17 of the reference design)
0 1
H 2
R C
M A
T 5
S A
T A
A F
D R

4 Methodology
The Current Distribution, Electromagnetic Interference, Grounding and Soil Structure Analysis
(CDEGS application version 12.0.0.133) software package distributed by Safe Engineering
Services & Technologies Ltd, Montreal, Canada was employed for the earthing studies.
The earthing studies presented here are the results of computer simulation using CDEGS.
Software module MALZ has been used to evaluate earth grids performances at station earth
systems. An outline of fault current analysis provided in Section 7.1 was used as input data for
the earthing study. Design calculations were carried out on the basis of standards listed in
Section 2 .
0
The methodology used comprises of theoretical and practical analysis and provides a
1
comprehensive study of the earthing systems. However, the findings included in this report
0
should be supported by on-site measurements based on testing of the system earthing
2
parameters (earth resistance, EPR, step and touch voltages).
4.1 CDEGS calculation methodology

C H
Design calculations incorporate the following:-
AR
•
•
5 M
definition an appropriate soil model and associated soil resistivity for the calculations.
analysis of prospective fault levels and clearance times derived by load flow calculations, to
T
establish the applicable worst-case fault conditions.
•
A
analysis of the fault current distribution (split between ground current and through cable
S
sheaths) at faulted points using CDEGS software module.
T A
calculation of the EPR at station earth grid for different fault scenarios to obtain a
F
conservative value.
A
• calculation of tolerable step and touch voltages according to IEEE80 – 2000 and AS 2067 –
R
2008 standards.
•
D
analysis of step & touch voltages of the proposed earthing system using CDEGS – MALZ
package.
assessing the performance of the earthing system and identifying any safety limit violations.
The design of earth grids used in the above modelling process will be modified to eliminate
the safety limit violations and to achieve 1Ω resistance limit according to AS/NZS 3000. This
will be repeated until the design compiles to the allowable limits.
• the requirement of having earth returns (additional earth wires and cable screen support) to
eliminate the high EPR at stations was considered.
5
5 Assumptions
• the selected soil resistivity (150Ω·m) is based on data from soil resistivity tests carried out
around the Sydney area, at locations close to Western Metro sites and locations with a
similar geological and geographical nature.
• Section 5.1 of the HV Modelling report (appendix A, section 8 of The Reference Design
report), identifies distance between substations. These distances have been adopted in this
report verbatim.
• in the earth grid current calculations, it is assumed that each substation earth grid connected
to SMNS2 will have an earth grid resistance of less than the typical 0.61 Ω except the
0
ancillary building sites (assumed 1Ω), which has been adopted in calculations.
0 1
this report assumes that it is acceptable to connect the earth return of HV cables at both ends
2
between the source substation earth grids and remote substation earth grids, in the SMNS2
system. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the EPR transfer hazards from at the remote
H
substations, should a fault occur at the source substation before finalising the earthing
C
designs.
AR
the resistance for the utility source substation earth grid feeding the earth fault current is
assumed to be 0.1 Ω and all the other utility substation earth grids not feeding the earth
M
faults, 1.0 Ω.
5
• a single tunnel failure has been assumed as the worst case scenario when selecting number
T
of available cable sheath and separate earth cables (minimum earth return paths).
A
• the primary and secondary fault clearance times used in safety limit calculations are assumed
S
to be 0.12 and 0.5 seconds, respectively.
T A
A F
D R

6 Soil model and resistivity
6.1 Soil resistivity testing

Soil resistivity data were not available when this earthing study was conducted therefore a desk
top study was carried out, taking account of two soil resistivity measurements taken in
Carlingford and Woolooware for other projects done by PB. Thus, a soil resistivity model has
been adopted, based on data from locations close to SMNS2 sites, with a similar geological
nature. The applicable case studies are listed in appendix A1.
In order to verify the suitability of desktop data, it is recommended to carry out soil resistivity
0
testing using traverses (100m or more traverse length, that is electrode distance up to 32m or
1
more) inside the caverns before finalising the earth grid detailed designs. Testing inside the
0
caverns (15 to 20m deep from ground level) may avoid the effect of most of the metallic
2
structures. In addition to this, long traverse soil resistivity testing is recommended in nearby park
areas (300m or more traverse length that is, electrode distance up to 100m or more).
C H
The testing method suggested is Wenner 4 pin method according to IEEE 81 and ENA EG1-
R
2006. From such testing, a soil model directly applicable to the SMNS2 system can be identified.
6.2 Soil model

M A
T 5
As stated in Section 6.1, the adopted soil model used to assign an approximate value of soil
resistivity for use in calculations is based on data identified in third party case studies at similar
A
geographic locations, with assumed equivalent geology. These studies are listed in Appendix
S
A1. .
A
The case studies presented in Appendix A1 reveal that the deep layer soil resistivity is less than
T
100Ω·m. However for conservative design to reflect uncertainties in SMNS2 stations a value
F
150Ω·m has been assumed. Therefore 150Ω·m homogeneous (uniform) soil model was
A
considered for the earthing designs.
D R
7
7 Earthing design
7.1 Determination of earth fault current contribution for the

maximum earth grid potential rise
For the assessment of the station earthing system performances, it is necessary to evaluate the
worst fault scenarios for a fault in the SMNS2 power network.
The SMNS2 HV network is proposed to supply two voltages 11kV and 33kV. Therefore both
33kV and 11kV faults were analysed to find out worst case earth fault currents. Single-Phase-
to-Ground fault was used for the design.
Supply feeders are always operated on radial feeding arrangements; therefore no ring feeding
1 0
0
arrangements are considered in this analysis. For this study the fault levels given in Error!
2
Reference source not found. were recorded in an earlier SMNS2 fault and load flow study.
These values have been adopted verbatim for the determination of earth fault current in this
H
study.
Table 7.1 Maximum earth fault levels – phase to earth
R C
A
Case Substation 33kV Fault 11kV Fault Primary Fault Secondary
M
level level Clearance time Fault
kA kA Seconds Clearance
5
time
T
Seconds
A
1 Westmead Ancillary 10.23 N/A 0.12 0.5
S
2 Westmead station N/A 4.29 0.12 0.5
A
3 Parramatta Station N/A 5.53 0.12 0.5
T
4 Rosehill Station 15.72 7.23 0.12 0.5
5
A F
Silverwater Station 11.64 1.00 0.12 0.5
R
6 Sydney Olympic Park 1.05 0.12 0.5
N/A
Station (SOP) Station
7
8
D Homebush Bay Drive
Ancillary
Strathfield Station
17.99
N/A
1.08
1.02
0.12
0.12
0.5
0.5
9 Burwood Station N/A 0.99 0.12 0.5
10 William Street (Canada Bay 7.33 1.08 0.12 0.5
Station)
11 Five Dock Station N/A 1.05 0.12 0.5
12 Leichhardt Station 10.59 0.97 0.12 0.5
13 Camperdown Station N/A 0.93 0.12 0.5
14 Broadway - Sydney 0.91 0.12 0.5
N/A
University Station
15 Central 17.34 8.63 0.12 0.5
Note: Fault levels refers HV modelling report of SMNS2. Note that the clearance times include
relay operating times, relay margin errors and circuit breaker operating times. (0.1sec)

When estimating the fault current distribution at SMNS2 stations, the earth return line
configuration cannot be ignored. Therefore the earth return paths and station earth grids were
included in the design to reduce the EPR levels as indicated in Error! Reference source not
found..
To reduce the earth fault current to a manageable level, earth return paths listed in Appendix
A27 have been considered. It is assumed that all Utility feeders and circuit earth wires and
cable sheaths on utility feeders connected to the SMNS2 power network, will be connected to
the SMNS2 earth grids. Thus, a utility substation earth grid will be connected through cable
screens of power cables and 3x120mm2earth cables.
In order to overcome the risk associated with a broken earth conductor connecting the adjacent
earth grids, single tunnel failure which makes one 11kV circuit and one 33kV circuit out of
service was considered for the analysis. The resultant return current split between the earth
wires and the earth grid was calculated using the CDEGS software.
0
It is worth noting that the paralleling effect of the cable sheath (earth wires) reduces the combine
1
effect of parallel earth return paths. The CDEGS considered this as well in its calculations.
2
With the fault and power system data available, the equivalent fault model was derived.
0
H
In this analysis using CDEGS, the feeder contribution from utility substations (Error! Reference
C
source not found.) was used. The earth return paths were modelled as listed in Appendix A.
R
Input data used for the analyser were the cable data and the fault current (contribution from the
A
source). Since the utility substation earth grid impedances are unknown, reasonable
assumptions were made to make the fault worst case. The utility substation (feeding the fault)
M
earth grid impedance was assumed as 0.1Ω to obtain the worst case. A simplified circuit
diagram of the system is included below. This illustrates the fault current distribution for a fault at
5
Rosehill Station substation.
A T
The EPR recorded at each station is listed in Table 7.3.
AS
F T
R A
D
Figure 7.1 Typical Fault Circuit
9
7.2 Earthing system

The earthing system designed consists of two major parts. Earth Grids (electrodes), to be
installed at each substation which carry a part of the fault current through the soil back to the
source via the earth (soil) is the first major part. The second major component comprises earth
return cable screens, which connect all the station earth grids back to the source substation
earth grid.
The earth grid was designed with several of 6m deep electrodes distributed around the
perimeter of the caverns together with the horizontal conductors 0.5m below the station cavern
surface level as indicated in drawings.
The perimeter of the bottom most (basements) station earth grid was defined such that the
outermost conductors are located to the edge of the excavated caverns.
0
To comply with the AS3000, Energy Australia’s and Integral Energy’s earthing standard
1
requirements, the standalone earth grid resistance needs to be not greater than 1Ω. To keep the
0
surface EPR levels at the neighbourhood boundaries below 430V, it is necessary to have the
2
resistance around 0.61Ω per each earth grid in the Metro HV system.
H
Sheath, screen or/and armour of the 11kV cable and all 33kV cables shall be connected to the
earthing systems. In addition earthing cables listed in Error! Reference source not found.
C
shall be provided between earth grids. Further,
AR
Sizing calculations for earth grid conductor are given in Appendix – D. The calculations were
based on 20kA fault current and 0.5sec fault clearance time (secondary fault clearance). On the
M
basis of these calculations, all earth conductors shall be 120mm2 or more. All joints shall be
5
constructed using exothermic welds.
T
Appendix A2 to A23 plots shows the configuration of the designed station earth grid. Appendix
A
A27 shows the earth return paths chosen for each worst case earth fault analysis.
S
Reinforcement bars (re-bars) in the concrete floors are represented in the grounding model by
A
5m x 5m area at each basement floor (two grids for the plat form on each for other service
caverns). These re-bars (radius of 0.008m) are buried at a depth of 0.0013m (0.005m cover).
F T
Note that only the top layer of the re-bars is modelled. All re-bar grids are modelled as 5 linearly
spaced steel conductors each along X and Y directions. Four corners of the re-bar grid were
A
bonded to the earth grid using bare conductors. This underground metallic structure was
R
represented in the CDEGS model by steel wires.
D
The choice of this type of representation is based on CDEGS guide for concrete floors and
restricts the modelled re-bars to small portions to avoid significant computation time while
remaining conservative in the design approach, i.e. the computed performance of the grounding
system based on the above recommended technique will always be worse than the computed
performance of a model that includes all of the re-bars.
Table 7.2 Additional earth return paths
Case Tunnel Sections No of

120mm2
Cables per
From To Tunnel
1 Westmead Ancillary Westmead Station 8

2 Parramatta Station Rosehill Station 2
3 Silverwater Station Sydney Olympic Park Station 2
4 Five Dock Station Leichardt Station 2

Case Tunnel Sections No of

120mm2
Cables per
From To Tunnel
5 Leichardt Station Camperdown Station 2

6 Camperdown Station Broadway-Sydney University Station 2
7 IE Camellia STS to Rosehill Station 3
8 EA Homebush STS Homebush Bay Drive Ancillary 3
9 EA Campbell St ZS Central Station 3
10 EA Surry Hill STS Central Station 3
7.3 Earthing system impedance

1 0
2
The calculated earth grid impedance for a station earthing system, considered for the modelling
was less than 0.61Ω. 0
C
Since the stand-alone earthing system resistance is not greater than 1Ω, HV and LV combined
H
R
earths can be utilised for stations’ earthing systems. Further the stand-alone resistances of the
A
earth grid satisfy the Australian lightning standard AS 1768 requirement of being not greater
than 10Ω. Therefore lightning down conductors can be connected to the earthing system, but
M
the earth grid must not be solely relied upon to dissipate lightning strikes. A separate lightning
5
design study should address the lightning design requirements, wherein interconnections with
power frequency earth grids should only be considered as fortuitous connections.
7.4
A
Earth potential rise (EPR) T
AS
The CDEGS simulation EPR values for worst case faults at stations are given in Table 7.2
T
below. These values are used to energise the earth grids to calculate the step and touch
F
voltages.
R A
Table 7.3 Maximum earth potential rise
D
Case Rail way Station and Ancillary Maximum EPR
shaft locations V
1 Westmead Ancillary 455

2 Westmead Station 411
3 Parramatta Station 268
4 Rose Hill Station 464
5 Silver Water Station 490
6 Sydney Olympic Park Station 280
7 Homebush Bay Drive Ancillary 455
8 Stratified Station 288
9 Burwood Station 287
11
Case Rail way Station and Ancillary Maximum EPR

shaft locations V
10 William Street Ancillary (Canada 383

Bay Station)
11 Five Dock Station 269
12 Leichardt Station 464
13 Camperdown Station 368
14 Broadway-Sydney University 385
Station
1 0
2 0
C H
AR
5 M
A T
AS
F T
R A
D

8 Hazard investigation
8.1 Maximum allowable step and touch voltages

The values of the permissible step and touch voltages calculated in accordance with IEEE STD
80, 2000, AS/NZ 4853:2000 and AS/NZ 2067:2009 are given below. These values are used for
deriving safe limits.
Table 8.1 Permissible step and touch voltages for 50kg person according to IEEE 80:2000
Fault clearance time 0.12 sec Fault clearance time 0.5
0
Primary Secondary
1
Surface Layer
0
Touch Voltage V Step Voltage V Touch Voltage V Step Voltage V
2
50kg person 50kg person 50kg person 50kg person
H
Wet Concrete 345 377 169 185
C
(20 Ω m)
R
Insulated Surface 845 2376 291 671
A
layer of ρ = 1000 Ω
m and thickness of
M
0.05m
5
Natural soil 413 648.8 203 318
(150 Ω m)
A T
Table 8.2 AS/NZS 4853 – 2000 touch voltages for pipe lines and its ancillaries
Scenario
AS Fault clearance time

Primary 0.12 sec
Fault clearance time
Primary 0.5 sec
F T
Accessible to public and
unskilled staff.
300V 100V
R A For non public access conditions 1000V 1000V
D
Note: refer to Table 5.3 and 5.4 of AS/NZS 4853:2000
13
Table 8.3 Typical touch voltages limits in line with AS2067
Touch Voltages V
Scenario
Fault clearance time Fault clearance time
Primary 0.15 sec Secondary 0.5 sec
Curve C2 622 210
(Normal locations - normal public
contact)
Note: refer to Table A1 and figure A2 of AS2067,

It is recommended to keep the earth fault primary clearance time at 0.12 sec. and secondary
fault clearance time not greater than 0.5 sec
0
It should be noted that, for the purpose of the step and touch voltage analysis, AS 2067
1
prescribes the use of primary protection clearance times, as opposed to back-up clearance
0
times (the latter is to be used for conductor sizing purposes). But ENA EG1-2006 recommends
2
secondary fault clearance time for public locations with high exposure to people.
H
Therefore station areas and platforms were considered as public locations. Considering the
C
above, the following safety limits were identified.
R
Table 8.4 Recommended safety levels (tolerable limits)
Tolerable safety limits
M A
5
Location Touch Voltage V Step Voltage V Standard
T
and
A
Criteria
S
Public Locations 169 184 IEEE80:2000
A
(on wet concrete 0.5sec )
T
Other locations 345 377 IEEE80 (on wet concrete
F
0.12sec)
A
Remote pipelines 300 N/A AS4853
R
and accessories (tripping time 0.12sec)
D
The impact of EPR on the telecommunication equipment is detailed in AS/NZS 3835:2006, Earth
Potential Rise – protection of telecommunication network users’ personnel and plant. The EPR
hazard voltage limits of Category A and B (Table 4.1 of AS 3835-1) are defined to be
1500/1000V and 1000V for earth fault duration not greater than 0.35 and 0.5 sec, respectively.
Additionally, both categories require a high reliability supply, i.e. via underground cables, HV
substations-multiline etc. All HV feeder supplies for Metro are underground cable feeders, which
can be considered as highly reliable. Therefore the applicable voltage hazard limit inside
stations is 1000V for fault clearing time of 0.5 sec. Refer table 4.2 of AS 3835-1. However, it is
informed that Telstra telephone pits can be located around station perimeters and, therefore,
surface EPR levels shall be limited not greater than 430V.

8.2 Hazardous step and touch voltage analysis

The step and touch voltages at stations were calculated using CDEGS software and the results
are shown in Appendix – A.
The maximum EPR level derived from Section 7.4, Table 7.3 was used to energize the fault
simulations. The simulation results are within the tolerable & safe limits.
The simulation results show that within 1m reach to all steel structures in the stations, the step
and touch voltages are safe for most stringent safety criteria as listed in Table 8.4.. Therefore
the earthing system complies with the IEEE 80 (2000) and AS2067-2008 earthing standard as
applicable.
Note: For the above results to apply, all re-bars shall be bonded and connected to the earth grid.
Table 8.5 Calculated maximum step and touch voltages
1 0
0
Metro Station Resistance Inside stations Outside stations
2
Ω
Touch(Volt) Step (Volt) Touch Step
H
(Volt) (Volt)
C
Westmead Not completed
R
Ancillary
A
Westmead 0.6 17 10 71 23
M
station
Parramatta 0.61 12 5 64 25
5
Station
T
Rosehill 0.61 14 7 57 39
A
Station
S
Silverwater 0.61 17 7 97 33
Station
Sydney
T A
Olympic Park
0.32 9 4 69 30
F
Station
A
Homebush Not completed
R
Bay Drive
Ancillary
D Stratified
Station
Burwood
Station
0.61
0.6
11
11
5
7
86
72
54
69
William Street Not completed

Ancillary
(Canada Bay
Station)
Five Dock 0.61 11 5 64 46
Station
Leichardt 0.61 14 17 57 39
Station
Camperdown 0.5 13 6 73 35
Station
Broadway- 0.55 19 7 125 78
Sydney
University
15
Metro Station Resistance Inside stations Outside stations

Ω
Touch(Volt) Step (Volt) Touch Step
(Volt) (Volt)
Station
8.3 EPR and EPR transfer hazard investigation.

All stations’ earth grid EPR values are less than 500V (refer Table 7.3) all surface EPR around
station perimeters are less than 430V. Therefore, all station areas are safe from EPR hazards
according to ENA EGI 2006 Substation Earthing Guide and AS/NZS3835.
1 0
2 0
C H
AR
5 M
A T
AS
F T
R A
D

9 Conclusions and recommendations
9.1 Conclusions
The standalone earth impedance of all station earth grids in SMNS2 are not greater than 0.61 Ω,
on the basis of soil resistance assumed to be 150 Ω·m. Therefore earth grids are in line with
AS 3000 standard. This value needs to be achieved for all earth systems connected to the
SMNS2.
The Maximum Earth Potential Rise is calculated at 490V at Silverwater substation during phase
to earth fault. This earth potential rise is lower than the EPR hazard voltage limit according to
0
AS/NZS 3835.
The computer simulation results show that both step and touch voltages are within the safety
0 1
2
limits for a standard defined person on natural soil as well as on wet concrete after bonding all
reinforcement bars together and connected to the earth grid. Further the touch and step voltages
H
are within safe limits according to IEEE Std 80 and AS 2067. All pipes and ancillaries within the
C
stations are safe according to AS 4853.
R
The compliance to the IEEE Std 80, AS and AS 4853 was achieved.
9.2 Recommendations
M A
•
T 5
The earth grid shall be installed at a minimum depth of 0.5m below ground level using hard
A
drawn 120mm2. copper conductor.
S
• Earth electrodes shall comprise copper 19mm diameter 6m deep rods, inserted into a bored
A
hole and backfilled with Ground Enhancement Compound.
T
• The installed earth grids shall be surrounded with at least 100mm of high quality conductive
F
cement or soil enhancement compound of resistivity less than 0.5 Ω·m.
R A
All concrete reinforcements shall be bonded together and connected to the earth grid at all
four corners and at the middle of the edges. Additional connections shall be provided near
D
the switchgear and transformer locations.
• All available pile reinforcements shall be bonded to the earth grid.
• All backup protection clearance times shall be less than 0.5 sec.
• All 33kV and 11kV earth bars shall be bonded to the earth grid using 120 mm2. PVC
insulated copper conductors at least at two locations.
• All earthing associated with protection room and the 33 kV and 11KV switchgear should be
connected to the main grid at least at two locations using PVC insulated 120 mm2. copper
conductors.
• The PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) communication cables shall be connected
through a Line Isolation Unit (LIU). The LIU and all isolating equipment shall be provided and
installed according to the AS/NZS 3835.1.
17
• All metal pipes and services are to be isolated / insulated up to 2000mm when entering the
stations and tunnels. In addition, all metallic pipes in tunnels shall be insulated. Withstand
voltages of isolation and insulation shall be above 1000V.
• All 33kV and 11kV cables connecting to the utility substations and used for SMNS2
substations are to be Heavy-duty screened cables with equivalent screen copper cross-
section more than 88.3 mm2 per cable.
• Earthing cables of 120 mm2 cross-section shall be installed between SMNS2 earth grids as
given in Table 7.2.
• Earthing cables of 120 mm2 cross-section shall be installed between utility substations earth
grids and SMNS2 earth grids as given in Table 7.2.
• Earthing systems have to be tested to find out step and touch voltages and standalone earth
grid resistances.
1 0
It is recommended to carry out soil resistivity testing to justify the assumed 150 Ω m resistivity
0
value before finalising the HV earthing system.
•
2
It is recommended to identify EPR from utility substation earth grids and to clarify the impact
of this transferred potential on SMNS2.
H
•
C
It is recommended that the touch voltage hazard due to transferred EPR to nearby properties
have to be investigated before finalising the designs.
R
M A
All earthing conductors, any surge protection device, and all exposed metal parts of the 11kV
and 33kV system and metal parts connected shall be bonded to the earthing systems.
T 5
S A
T A
A F
D R

Appendix A Soft ware modelling (CDEGS) Results
1 0
2 0
C H
AR
5 M
A T
AS
F T
R A
D
19
A.1 Soil Resistivity Test data Case studies from other projects
around SMNS2 route.
Case study 1 – Carlingford test location 4.5km from SMNS2 Route.
1 0
2 0
C H
AR
5 M
Least distance to the test location is 4.5km from the proposed SMNS2 route.
A T
AS
F T
R A
D
Figure F4 Soil Resistivity Test Traverse at Carlingford, Satellite Image

The soil test was undertaken on 7th Oct, 2009 on at the public grounds near Carlingford. The
200 meters traverse located approximately 4.5km from the SMNS2 line and 5.5km from the
Silverwater Station.
CDEGS RESAP module was used to generate a three layer soil model as indicated below.
Table A.1 Computed 2-Layer Soil Model.
Soil Model
Soil Layer
Resistivity Thickness
(ohm m) (m)
Surface (Air) ∞ ∞
Layer – 1 84.74 1.02
0
Layer - 2 22.96 6.4
Layer - 3 42.62 ∞
0 1
H 2
Metric/Logarithmic X and Y
R C LEGEND
10 2
M A Measured Data
Computed Results Curve
5
Soil Model
T
Measurement Method..: Wenner
A
RMS error...........: 5.755%
S
Layer Resistivity Thickness
Number (Ohm-m) (Meters)
A
====== ============== ==============
Air Infinite Infinite
2 84.74889 1.029639
Apparent Resistivity (Ohm-meters)
T
3 22.96104 6.480044
4 42.62943 infinite
A F
D R
101
10 -2 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 RESAP <SILVER WATER >
Inter-Electrode Spacing (meters)
Case study 2 – Test location at Woolooware Golf-cause approximately 20km form Central
station soil seems to be similar to CBD with sand stones.
The soil structure and geographical location is similar to Sydney CBD. Area and consists with
sand stones and close to the sea.
21
1 0
2 0
C H
AR
5 M
A T
AS
Figure F4 Soil Resistivity Test Traverse at Woolooware Golf Course and Sydney CBD
F T
R A
D

Figure F4 Soil Resistivity Test Traverse at Woolooware Golf Course, Satellite Image
Soil resistivity tests were undertaken near Caringbah and within Woolooware Golf Course as
indicated on the map.
The soil resistivity data available from the test carried out near Caringbah and long traverse
readings obtained from Woolooware Golf Course were combined to obtain the consequent
readings up to 110m electrode spacing. The soil model is shown in the below table and figure.
Geologist data reveal that area is with sand stone.
The computed 2 layer soil model is shown below table.
Table A.2 Computed 2-Layer Soil Model.
Soil Model
0
Soil Layer
1
Resistivity Thickness
0
(ohm m) (m)
Surface (Air)
Layer – 1
∞
36.322 2.43
∞
H 2
Layer - 2 100.982 ∞
R C
M A
SC 28.1 LOCATED AT CH28.28
T 5 LEGEND
10 3
S A Measured Data
Computed Results Curve
A
Soil Model
F T
Measurement Method..: Wenner
RMS error...........: 9.208%
A
Layer Resistivity Thickness
R
Number (Ohm-m) (Meters)
====== ============== ==============
D
Air Infinite Infinite
2 36.32239 2.428018
Apparent Resistivity (Ohm-meters)
3 100.9819 infinite
10 2
10 1
10 -2 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 RESAP <SC 28.1 >
Inter-Electrode Spacing (meters)
Figure A.1 The Two-Layer Soil Mode
23
A.2 Westmead Station CDEGS Earthing System Simulation Results

for proposed earth grid– MALZ Report
DATE OF RUN (Start)= DAY 3 / Month 1 / Year 2010

STARTING TIME= 11:54:44: 1
===========< M A L Z ( SYSTEM INFORMATION SUMMARY ) >===========
Run ID......................................: WEASTMEAD

System of Units ............................: Metric
Earth Potential/Magnetic Field Calculations : Potentials
Number of Energization Source Busses .......: 1
GPR of Reference Source Bus.................: 411Volts
0
Energization Scaling Factor (SPLITS/FCDIST/specified)..: 411.00
1
Number of Original Conductors ..............: 133
0
Number of Frequency Values to be Analyzed...: 1
2
Power Source Frequency......................: 50.000 Hertz
Impedance Values are Based On...............: 50.000 Hertz
H
Total Length of Conductor Network...........: 1793.2 meters
C
1
R
CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDIA SURROUNDING NETWORK
A
============================================
AIR LAYER : Resistivity............: 0.100000E+13 ohm-meters
M
Relative Permittivity..: 1.00000
5
Relative Permeability..: 1.00000
T
>>> SOIL TYPE : Uniform/Two Layer Horizontal
A
TOP LAYER : Resistivity............: 150.000 ohm-meters
S
A
Thickness of Layer (H) : 100000.0000 meters
BOTTOM
F T
: Resistivity............: 150.000 ohm-meters
A
LAYER Relative Permittivity..: 1.00000
R
1
D
Case Number.................................:
Frequency for This Case.....................:
Current of Reference Source Bus (# 1)....Magn..:
Angle.:
1
50.000 Hertz
684.3883
-1.354456
Amps
degrees
Impedance of Grounding System.........Magn..: 0.6005363 Ohms

Angle.: 1.354456 degrees
End of Report #1

A.3 CDEGS Earthing System Simulation Results for proposed earth grid
at Westmead– MALZ Plots
120
80
1 0
0
40
2
Y AXIS (METERS)
C H
AR
M
-40
-80
T 5
A
0 40 80 120 160 200
S
X AXIS (METERS)
A
Top View of Conductors
F T
A
Figure A.2 Earth Grid Layout at Westmead station– Top View
D R
Location 1 – service Cavern platform level (most left profiles bottom)
Location 2 – on station platform (second left profiles)
Location 3 – on platform (middle profiles )
Location 4 – on platform (second right profiles)
Location 5 – on service Cavern platform level (most right profiles )
Note Earth grid energised to 411V
25
-40
0 SOIL SURFACE
40
Z AXIS (METERS)
80
120
160
1 0
0
129.6
2
Y
AX
89.6
IS
H
49.6
(M
ET
ER
9.6
C
S)
-30.4
R
-70.4
0 40 80 120 160 200
A
X AXIS (METERS)
M
3-D View of Conductors
T 5
A
Figure A.3 Earth Grid -3D view at Westmead station
S
*Note: 18numbers 6m deep electrode with a grading conductor 0.5m below the cavern bottom level
A
connected Station reinforcement considered as a wire frame.
F T
R A
D

APPENDIX A_HV EARTHING MANAGEMENT STRATEGY.DOC 26
[ID:WEASTMEAD @ f=50.0000 Hz ]
LEGEND
14 Maximum Value : 15.077
Minimum Value : 5.673
15.08
12 14.14
13.20
Y AXIS (METERS)
12.26
10
0
11.32
1
10.37
0
9.43
2
8 8.49
H
7.55
C
6.61
R
6
A
20 22 24 26 28
X AXIS (METERS)
M
Touch Voltage Magn. (Volts) [Wors]
T 5
A
Figure A.4 Touch Voltages Location 1 – service Cavern platform level (most left profiles bottom)
AS
F T
R A
D
27
LEGEND
Maximum Value : 12.619

53
12.62
11.83
51 11.05
Y AXIS (METERS)
10.27
0
9.48
49
1
8.70
0
7.91
2
47 7.13
H
6.34
C
5.56
R
45
A
31 33 35 37 39
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
Figure A.5 Touch Voltages Location 2 –platform (second most left profiles)
AS
F T
R A
D

LEGEND

45
13.19
12.45
43 11.70
10.96
Y AXIS (METERS)
10.22
41
0
9.48
8.74
0 1
2
39 8.00
H
7.26
C
6.52
R
37
A
90 92 94 96 98
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
Figure A.6 Touch Voltages Location 3 –platform (middle profiles)
AS
F T
R A
D
29
LEGEND

39
16.95
15.74
37 14.54
Y AXIS (METERS)
13.34
0
12.13
35
1
10.93
0
9.72
2
33 8.52
H
7.32
C
6.11
31
153 155 157
X AXIS (METERS)
159 161
AR
M
T 5
A
Figure A.7 Touch Voltages Location 4 –platform (second most right profiles)
AS
F T
R A
D

LEGEND
15.71
40 14.75
13.79
Y AXIS (METERS)
12.82
38
0
11.86
1
10.89
0
9.93
2
36 8.96
H
8.00
C
7.04
34
176 178 180
X AXIS (METERS)
182
A
184
R
M
T 5
A
Figure A.8 Touch Voltages Location 4 –Cavern platform level (most right profiles)
AS
F T
R A
D
31
LEGEND
9.83
100 8.91
7.99
Y AXIS (METERS)
7.07
50 6.15
0
5.22
1
4.30
0
0
3.38
2
2.46
H
1.54
-50
C
0 50 100 150 200
R
X AXIS (METERS)
Step Voltage-Worst Magnitude (Volts)
M A
5
Figure A.9 1 Step Voltages
A T
AS
F T
R A
D

140
100
60
Y AXIS (METERS)
0
20
0 1
-20
H 2
-60
R C
A
0 40 80 120 160 200
M
X AXIS (METERS)
5
A T
Figure A.10 Earth Grid Modelled for Surface EPR and Step and Touch Voltages at Station–Top
S
View
T A
*Note a wire frame at 0.1m below ground was used to represent the surface level structures.
A F
D R
33
[ID:WESIMID SURFACE @ f=50.0000 Hz ]

LEGEND
177.10
130 159.44
141.78
Y AXIS (METERS)
124.12
80
0
106.46
1
88.80
0
71.14
2
30 53.48
H
35.81
C
18.15
R
-20
A
0 50 100 150 200
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
Figure A.11 MALZ: Touch voltages on surface level (71.14V) – Spot profiles
AS
F T
R A
D

[ID:WESIMID SURFACE @ f=50.0000 Hz ]
LEGEND
Minimum Value : 0.923E-01
22.97
20.68
140 18.39
Y AXIS (METERS)
16.11
0
13.82
1
11.53
0
40 9.24
2
6.96
H
4.67
C
2.38
-60
-60 40 140
A
240
R
M
X AXIS (METERS)
T 5
A
Figure A.12 MALZ: Step voltages on surface level (22.97v)– Spot profiles
AS
F T
R A
D
35
[ID:WESIMID SURFACE @ f=50.0000 Hz ] LEGEND
MAXIMUM VALUE : 411.6466
MINIMUM VALUE : 118.5972

Level 12 ( 400.000 )
200
Level 11 ( 375.000 )
Level 10 ( 350.000 )
Level 9 ( 325.000 )
1 2 3
Level 8 ( 300.000 )
100
Y AXIS (METERS)
0
2
Level 7 ( 275.000 )
12
1
12 1212 Level 6 ( 250.000 )
0
12 10
9876 5 4
12 11
3 Level 5 ( 225.000 )
2
0 12 12
11
11
Level 4 ( 200.000 )
2
Level 3 ( 175.000 )
H
2
Level 2 ( 150.000 )
C
Level 1 ( 125.000 )
R
-100
A
-100 0 100 200
M
X AXIS (METERS)
Potential Profile Magnitude (Volts)
T 5
A
Figure A.13 MALZ: EPR on surface level – Contour profiles
AS
F T
R A
D

A.4 Parramatta Station CDEGS Earthing System Simulation Results for

proposed earth grid– MALZ Report
Report #2:

STARTING TIME= 14:54:47:51
0
0 1
Run ID......................................: PARRAMATTA
2
H
GPR of Reference Source Bus.................: 268.00 Volts
C
R
A
M
5
1
A
============================================
T
S
A
F T
R A
TOP LAYER : Resistivity............:
Relative Permittivity..:
150.000
1.00000
ohm-meters
D
BOTTOM : Resistivity............: 150.000 ohm-meters

1
Case Number.................................: 1
Frequency for This Case.....................: 50.000 Hertz
Current of Reference Source Bus (# 1)....Magn..: 461.7041 Amps
Angle.: -0.7420682 degrees

End of Report #2
37
at Parramatta– MALZ Plots
100
60
0
20
1
Y AXIS (METERS)
-20
2 0
C H
R
-60
M A
5
-100
-40 0 40 80 120 160
A T
X AXIS (METERS)
AS
T
Figure A.14 Earth Grid Layout at Parramatta station– Top View
A F
Location 1 – service Cavern platform level (most left profiles bottom)
D R
Location 2 – on Cavern platform level (second left profiles bottom)
Location 3 – on Cavern platform level (third left profiles top)
Location 4 – on platform (middle profiles)
Location 5 – on platform (second right profiles)
Location 6 – on Cavern plat form level (second right top profiles )
Location 7 – service Cavern platform level (most right profiles bottom)

-40
0 SOIL SURFACE
40
Z AXIS (METERS)
80
120
1 0
160
0
95.6
Y
AX
55.6
2
IS
15.6
(M
ET
H
ER
-24.4
S)
-64.4
C
-104.4
R
-40 0 40 80 120 160
A
X AXIS (METERS)
5 M
T
Figure A.15 Scalar Potential – 3D view at Parramatta station
A
*Note: 18numbers 6m deep electrode with a grading conductor 0.5m below the cavern bottom level
connected Station reinforcement considered as a wire frame.
AS
F T
R A
D
39
[ID:PARAMATA @ f=50.0000 Hz ]
LEGEND
-14
12.49
-16 11.80
11.10
Y AXIS (METERS)
10.41
-18 9.71
0
9.01
1
8.32
0
-20
7.62
2
6.93
H
6.23
-22
C
-23 -21 -19 -17 -15
R
X AXIS (METERS)
A
5
Figure A.16 Touch Voltages Location 1 – service Cavern platform level (most left profiles) M
A T
AS
F T
R A
D

LEGEND
-14 Maximum Value : 9.004
9.00
-16 8.52
8.03
Y AXIS (METERS)
7.54
-18 7.06
0
6.57
1
6.08
0
-20
2
5.59
5.11
H
4.62
-22
C
0 2 4 6 8
R
X AXIS (METERS)
A
5 M
T
Figure A.17 Touch Voltages Location 2 – service Cavern platform level (second left profiles)
S A
T A
A F
D R
41
LEGEND

14
7.86
7.38
12 6.89
Y AXIS (METERS)
6.41
5.93
10
0
5.44
1
4.96
0
8 4.48
2
3.99
H
3.51
6
C
7 9 11 13 15
R
X AXIS (METERS)
A
5 M
Figure A.18 Touch Voltages Location 3 – service Cavern platform level (third left profiles top)
A T
AS
F T
R A
D

LEGEND
10.01
-11 9.46
8.92
Y AXIS (METERS)
8.37
-13 7.82
0
7.28
0 1
6.73
-15
2
6.18
5.64
H
5.09
C
-17
52 54 56 58 60
R
X AXIS (METERS)
A
5 M
T
Figure A.19 Touch Voltages Location 4 –platform level (middle)
S A
T A
A F
D R
43
LEGEND

15
9.46
8.85
13 8.24
Y AXIS (METERS)
7.63
7.01
11
1 0
6.40
0
5.79
2
5.18
4.57
H
3.96
C
7
R
111 113 115 117 119
A
X AXIS (METERS)
5 M
T
Figure A.20 Touch Voltages Location 5 – service Cavern platform level (second right profiles
A
top)
AS
F T
R A
D

LEGEND
11.39
-11 10.78
10.17
Y AXIS (METERS)
9.56
-13 8.95
0
8.34
1
7.72
0
-15 7.11
2
6.50
H
5.89
-17
C
128 130 132 134 136
R
X AXIS (METERS)
A
5 M
Figure A.21 Touch Voltages Location 6 – service Cavern platform level (most right profiles top)
A T
AS
F T
R A
D
45
LEGEND

100 5.41
4.90
4.40
50 3.89
Y AXIS (METERS)
0
3.38
1
2.87
2 0
2.36
0
1.86
H
1.35
C
0.84
R
-50
A
-40 10 60 110
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
Figure A.22 Step Voltages
AS
F T
R A
D

120
60
0
Y AXIS (METERS)
0
-60
0 1
-120
H 2
-180
R C
A
-90 -30 30 90 150 210
M
X AXIS (METERS)
5
A T
S
View
T A
*Note a wire frame at 0.1m below ground was used to represent the surface level structure
F
boundaries.
R A
D
47
[ID:PARRAMATTA SURFACE @ f=50.0000 Hz ]
LEGEND
105.78
95.22
80 84.66
Y AXIS (METERS)
74.10
0
63.54
1
52.98
0
-20 42.42
2
31.86
H
21.30
C
10.74
-120
-100 0 100 200
AR
M
X AXIS (METERS)
T 5
A
Figure A.24 MALZ: Touch voltages on surface level – Spot profiles
AS
F T
R A
D

[ID:PARRAMATTA SURFACE @ f=50.0000 Hz ]

LEGEND

180 24.64
22.18
19.72
Y AXIS (METERS)
30 17.26
0
14.80
1
12.34
0
9.88
2
-120
7.42
H
4.96
C
2.50
R
-270
A
-200 -50 100 250
X AXIS (METERS)
M
Step Voltage-Human Magnitude (Volts)
T 5
A
Figure A.25 MALZ: Step voltages on surface level – Spot profiles
AS
F T
R A
D
49
[ID:PARRAMATTA SURFACE @ f=50.0000 Hz ] LEGEND

Level 11 ( 260.000 )
200 1 Level 10 ( 240.000 )
Level 9 ( 220.000 )
1
Level 8 ( 200.000 )
50 Level 7 ( 180.000 )
Y AXIS (METERS)
0
9 10
11
11 11 10 Level 6 ( 160.000 )
1
11 11 11
10 2
10 65 4 3
11 11 11 11 11 11 987
10 Level 5 ( 140.000 )
0
10 10
11
9
2
11 10 Level 4 ( 120.000 )
-100 11
10
Level 3 ( 100.000 )
H
1
Level 2 ( 80.0000 )
C
Level 1 ( 60.0000 )
R
-250 1
A
-200 -50 100 250
M
X AXIS (METERS)
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D

A.6 Rose Hill Station CDEGS Earthing System Simulation Results for
Report #4:

Run ID......................................: ROSEHILL
1 0
0
2
H
C
R
A
M
5
1
T
A
============================================
S
A
T
A F
R
D

1
Case Number.................................: 1

End of Report #4
51
at Rose Hill– MALZ Plots
100
60
0
20
1
Y AXIS (METERS)
-20
2 0
C H
R
-60
M A
5
-100
-20 20 60 100 140 180
A T
X AXIS (METERS)
AS
F
Figure A.27 Earth Grid at Station–Top View
T
R A
*Note: 20 numbers 6m deep electrode with a grading conductor was used as the earth grid. Surface
D
Reinforcement bars (re-bars) in the concrete floors are represented in the grounding model by 5mx5m
area at platforms. All these grids connected to the earth grid using bare conductors. Bonded re-bars
are represented as a wire frame
Location 1 – on station platform level Cavern (most left profiles)
Location 2 – on platform (middle)
Location 3 – on platform (most right profiles)

-40
0 SOIL SURFACE
40
Z AXIS (METERS)
80
120
160
1 0
0
110.6
2
Y
AX
70.6
IS
H
30.6
(M
ET
E
-9.4
R
C
S)
-49.4
R
-89.4
-20 20 60 100 140 180
A
X AXIS (METERS)
M
Figure A.4-1 Earth Grid at Station–3D View
T 5
S A
T A
A F
D R
53
[ID:ROSEHILL @ f=50.0000 Hz ]
LEGEND
14.41
12 13.53
12.64
Y AXIS (METERS)
11.76
10
0
10.87
1
9.99
0
9.10
2
8 8.22
H
7.33
C
6.45
6
2 4 6
X AXIS (METERS)
8 10
AR
M
T 5
A
Figure A.28 MALZ: touch voltages on platform level cavern location 1 (most left)– Spot profiles
AS
F T
R A
D

LEGEND
10.26
15 9.67
9.09
Y AXIS (METERS)
8.50
13
0
7.92
1
7.33
0
6.75
2
11 6.16
H
5.58
C
4.99
R
9
A
76 78 80 82 84
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
Figure A.29 MALZ: touch voltages on platform location 2 (middle)– Spot profiles
AS
F T
R A
D
55
LEGEND

15
11.54
10.88
13 10.21
Y AXIS (METERS)
9.55
0
8.89
11
1
8.22
0
7.56
2
9 6.89
H
6.23
C
5.57
7
123 125 127
X AXIS (METERS)
129 131
AR
M
T 5
A
Figure A.30 MALZ: touch voltages on platform location 3 (most right)– Spot profiles
AS
F T
R A
D

LEGEND

7.06
70 6.42
5.78
Y AXIS (METERS)
5.15
0
4.51
1
20 3.87
0
3.23
2
2.59
H
1.96
C
1.32
-30
0 50 100
AR
M
X AXIS (METERS)
T 5
A
Figure A.31 MALZ: step voltages on platform level location – Spot profiles
AS
F T
R A
D
57
100
60
20
Y AXIS (METERS)
0
-20
0 1
-60
H 2
-100
R C
A
-20 20 60 100 140 180
M
X AXIS (METERS)
5
A T
S
View
T A
A F
D R

[ID:RoseHillSURFACE @ f=50.0000 Hz ]
LEGEND

150 Minimum Value : 0.649
56.84
51.22
100
45.60
Y AXIS (METERS)
39.98
0
34.36
50
1
28.74
0
23.12
2
0 17.51
H
11.89
C
6.27
R
-50
A
-40 10 60 110 160
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D
59
LEGEND
170
120 38.75
34.89
31.03
70
Y AXIS (METERS)
27.17
0
23.31
1
20 19.45
0
15.59
2
-30
11.73
H
7.87
C
4.01
R
-80
-50 0 50 100 150 200
A
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D

LEGEND
200 MAXIMUM VALUE : 479.7581
100
Y AXIS (METERS)
0
Level 2 ( 430.000 )
0 2
2
1
0 1
H 2
C
Level 1 ( 230.000 )
R
-100
A
-100 0 100 200
M
X AXIS (METERS)
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D
61
A.8 Silverwater Station CDEGS Earthing System Simulation Results for

Report #3:

0
Run ID......................................: SILVER WATER_R
0 1
2
H
C
GPR of Reference Source Bus.................: 490.00Volts
R
A
M
5
1
A
============================================
T
S
A
F T
R A
150.000
1.00000
ohm-meters
D

1
Case Number.................................: 1

End of Report #3

at Silverwater– MALZ Plots
Conductor Types [ID:SILVER WATER_present @ f=50.0000 Hz ]

CONDUCTOR TYPES
-40
Maximum Value : 1
Minimum Value : 0
1
0 0
0
40
1
Z AXIS (METERS)
80
2 0
120
C H
160
AR
M
112.2
Y
5
AX
72.2
IS
32.2
(M
ET
T
ER
-7.8
S)
A
-47.8
-87.8
S
-20 20 60 100 140 180
A
X AXIS (METERS)
3-D View of Conductor Types
F T
R A
Figure A.36 Earth Grid at Silverwater Station–3D View
D
*Note: 15numbers 6m deep electrode with a grading conductor was used as the earth grid. Surface
area at platforms. All these grids connected to the earth grid using bare conductors. Bonded rebars
are represented as a wire frame.
Location 1 – on station platform (most left profiles bottom)
Location 2 – on station platform (middle profiles bottom)
Location 3 – on platform level (most right profiles bottom)
63
Conductor Types [ID:SILVER WATER_present @ f=50.0000 Hz ]

CONDUCTOR TYPES
100 Maximum Value : 1
Minimum Value : 0
1
0
60
20
Y AXIS (METERS)
0
-20
0 1
-60
H 2
-100
R C
A
-20 20 60 100 140 180
M
X AXIS (METERS)
5
Top View of Conductor Types
A
Figure A.37 Earth Grid at Silverwater Station with sample reinforcement –top View
T
AS
F T
R A
D

[ID:SILVER WATER_R @ f=50.0000 Hz ]

LEGEND
17.01
18 16.06
15.12
Y AXIS (METERS)
14.17
16
0
13.22
1
12.28
0
11.33
2
14 10.38
H
9.43
C
8.49
R
12
A
46 48 50 52 54
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
S A
Figure A.38 MALZ: Touch voltages on concrete slab enlarge view at sample location1 on
station platform– Spot profiles at Silverwater Station
T A
A F
D R
65

LEGEND
20
15.82
18 14.93
14.04
Y AXIS (METERS)
13.15
0
16 12.26
1
11.37
0
10.49
2
14
9.60
H
8.71
C
7.82
R
12
A
96 98 100 102 104
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
Figure A.39 MALZ: touch voltages on concrete slab enlarge view at sample location2 on plat
S
form – Spot profiles at Silverwater station
T A
A F
D R


LEGEND
8.51
18 8.10
7.70
Y AXIS (METERS)
7.30
16 6.89
0
6.49
1
6.09
14
0
5.68
2
5.28
H
4.88
12
C
146 148 150 152 154
R
X AXIS (METERS)
A
5 M
Figure A.40 MALZ: touch voltages on concrete slab enlarge view at sample location 3 platform
T
level (most right on platform level services room)– Spot profiles at Silverwater station
S A
T A
A F
D R
67
LEGEND

80 6.50
5.90
5.29
Y AXIS (METERS)
4.68
0
4.07
1
30 3.46
0
2.85
2
2.24
H
1.63
C
1.02
-20
37.5 87.5 137.5
AR
M
X AXIS (METERS)
T 5
A
Figure A.41 MALZ: Step voltages on concrete Platforms– Spot profiles at Silverwater Station
AS
F T
R A
D

100
60
20
Y AXIS (METERS)
0
-20
0 1
-60
H 2
-100
R C
A
-20 20 60 100 140 180
M
X AXIS (METERS)
5
A T
S
View
T A
*Note a wire frame at 0.1m below ground was used to represent the surface level re-bars.
A F
D R
69
[ID:SILVER WATER_Rsurfac @ f=50.0000 Hz ]

LEGEND

97.12
87.46
100
77.79
Y AXIS (METERS)
68.12
0
58.46
50
1
48.79
0
39.12
2
0 29.46
H
19.79
C
10.12
R
-50
A
-40 10 60 110 160
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D

[ID:SILVER WATER_Rsurfac @ f=50.0000 Hz ]
LEGEND
33.34
30.01
150 26.69
Y AXIS (METERS)
23.36
0
20.03
1
16.71
0
50 13.38
2
10.05
H
6.72
C
3.40
-50
-60 40 140 240
AR
M
X AXIS (METERS)
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D
71
[ID:SILVER WATER_Rsurfac @ f=50.0000 Hz ] LEGEND
Level 10 ( 313.018 )
250
Level 9 ( 281.762 )
Level 8 ( 250.506 )
Level 7 ( 219.250 )
150
Y AXIS (METERS)
0
Level 6 ( 187.994 )
1
Level 5 ( 156.738 )
0
10 Level 4 ( 125.482 )
2
50
Level 3 ( 94.2257 )
10
H
2 3456
2 1
1 22
78 9 Level 2 ( 62.9697 )
10
C
Level 1 ( 31.7136 )
R
-50 10 9
A
-100 0 100 200
M
X AXIS (METERS)
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D

A.10 Sydney Olympic Park Station CDEGS Earthing System Simulation

Results for proposed earth grid– MALZ Report
Report #1:

0
0 1
Run ID......................................: SOP
2
H
GPR of Reference Source Bus.................: 280.00Volts
C
R
A
M
5
1
A
============================================
T
S
A
F T
R A
150.000
1.00000
ohm-meters
D

1
Case Number.................................: 1

End of Report #1
73
at Sydney Olympic Park– MALZ Plots
250
150
0
50
1
Y AXIS (METERS)
-50
2 0
C H
R
-150
M A
5
-250
-50 50 150 250 350 450
A T
X AXIS (METERS)
AS
T
Figure A.4-1 Earth Grid at SOP Station–3D View
A F
*Note: all reinforcements of piles bonded together and form a string of electrodes 32numbers 12m
R
deep piles were considered for modelling a grading conductor was used as the earth grid. Surface
D
Reinforcement bars in the concrete floors are represented in the grounding model by 5mx5m area at
platforms.
Location 2 – on station platform (second left
Location 3 – on platform level (middle profiles
Location 4 – on platform level (most right profiles )

-100
0 SOIL SURFACE
100
Z AXIS (METERS)
200
300
400
1 0
0
260.3
2
Y
AX
160.3
IS
H
60.3
(M
ET
E
-39.7
R
C
S)
-139.7
R
-239.7
-50 50 150 250 350 450
A
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
S A
T A
A F
D R
75
[ID:SOP @ f=50.0000 Hz ]
LEGEND

8
8.52
8.02
6 7.52
Y AXIS (METERS)
7.03
0
6.53
4
1
6.03
2 0
5.54
2 5.04
H
4.55
C
4.05
0
199 201 203
X AXIS (METERS)
205 207
AR
M
T 5
A
Figure A.46 MALZ: touch voltages on platform level location 1 (most left)– Spot profiles
AS
F T
R A
D

[ID:SOP @ f=50.0000 Hz ]
LEGEND

8
7.30
6.88
6 6.45
6.03
Y AXIS (METERS)
5.61
4
0
5.18
4.76
0 1
2
2 4.34
H
3.91
C
3.49
0
220 222 224 226
A
228
R
M
X AXIS (METERS)
T 5
A
Figure A.47 MALZ: touch voltages on platform level location 2 (most second left)– Spot profiles
AS
F T
R A
D
77
[ID:SOP @ f=50.0000 Hz ]
LEGEND

8
7.12
6.74
6 6.36
5.98
Y AXIS (METERS)
5.60
4
0
5.22
4.84
0 1
2
2 4.46
H
4.08
C
3.70
0
286 288 290 292 294
AR
M
X AXIS (METERS)
T 5
A
Figure A.48 MALZ: touch voltages on platform level location 3 (middle)– Spot profiles
AS
F T
R A
D

[ID:SOP @ f=50.0000 Hz ]
LEGEND

8
7.61
7.17
6 6.74
Y AXIS (METERS)
6.30
0
5.87
4
1
5.43
2 0
5.00
2 4.57
H
4.13
C
3.70
0
357 359 361
X AXIS (METERS)
363 365
AR
M
T 5
A
Figure A.49 MALZ: touch voltages on platform level location 4 (most right)– Spot profiles
AS
F T
R A
D
79
[ID:SOP @ f=50.0000 Hz ]
LEGEND
3.48
100 3.16
2.84
2.53
Y AXIS (METERS)
50
0
2.21
1
1.89
2 0
1.57
0 1.25
H
0.93
C
0.61
-50
180 230 280 330 380
AR
M
X AXIS (METERS)
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D

250
150
50
Y AXIS (METERS)
0
-50
0 1
-150
H 2
-250
R C
A
-50 50 150 250 350 450
M
X AXIS (METERS)
5
A T
S
View
T A
A F
D R
81
[ID:SOP SURFACE @ f=50.0000 Hz ]

LEGEND

68.56
250 61.83
55.10
Y AXIS (METERS)
150 48.37
0
41.64
1
34.91
0
50
28.18
2
21.45
H
-50
14.72
C
7.99
R
-150
-90 10 110 210 310 410
A
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
Figure A.52 MALZ: touch voltages on surface level – Spot profiles
AS
F T
R A
D

LEGEND
[ID:SOP SURFACE @ f=50.0000 Hz ] MaximumValue : 43.246
20 MinimumValue : 3.248
15 43.25
39.25
10
35.25
5
31.25
0
Y AXIS (METERS)
27.25
-5
1 0
23.25
-10
0
19.25
2
-15
15.25
H
-20
C
11.25
R
-25
7.25
A
-30
275 280 285 290 295 300
M
X AXIS (METERS)
T 5
A
Figure A.53 MALZ: touch voltages on surface level Zoom plot front entrance– Spot profiles
AS
F T
R A
D
83
[ID:SOP SURFACE @ f=50.0000 Hz ]

LEGEND
600
30.09
400 27.08
24.08
Y AXIS (METERS)
21.07
0
200 18.07
1
15.06
0
12.06
2
0
9.05
H
6.05
C
3.04
R
-200
A
-200 0 200 400 600
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
Figure A.54 MALZ: step voltages on surface level – Spot profiles
AS
F T
R A
D

[ID:SOP SURFACE @ f=50.0000 Hz ] LEGEND

600
Level 10 ( 265.581 )
Level 9 ( 247.058 )
400
Level 8 ( 228.535 )
Level 7 ( 210.012 )
Y AXIS (METERS)
0
Level 6 ( 191.489 )
200
1
Level 5 ( 172.966 )
0
1 2
1 Level 4 ( 154.443 )
2
10
0 9 10 10 10 10 10
99876543 2
Level 3 ( 135.920 )
9
H
1
1 Level 2 ( 117.397 )
C
Level 1 ( 98.8735 )
R
-200
A
-200 0 200 400 600
M
X AXIS (METERS)
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D
85
A.12 Strathfield Station CDEGS Earthing System Simulation Results for

Report #7:

Run ID......................................: STRATHFIELD
0
1
0
2
H
C
R
A
1

============================================
5 M
T
A
AS
T
F
A
R
D
1
Case Number.................................: 1

End of Report #7

at Strathfield – MALZ Plots
100
60
1 0
0
20
2
Y AXIS (METERS)
-20
C H
AR
M
-60
-100
T 5
A
-20 20 60 100 140 180
S
X AXIS (METERS)
A
F T
A
R
D
87
-40
0 SOIL SURFACE
40
Z AXIS (METERS)
80
120
160
1 0
0
110.6
2
Y
AX
70.6
IS
H
30.6
(M
ET
E
-9.4
R
C
S)
-49.4
R
-89.4
-20 20 60 100 140 180
A
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
Figure A.57 Earth Grid at Station–3D View
AS
F T
R A
D

[ID:STRATHFIELD @ f=50.0000 Hz ]
LEGEND
11.01
12 10.33
9.66
Y AXIS (METERS)
8.98
10 8.31
0
7.63
1
6.96
8
0
6.28
2
5.60
H
4.93
6
C
2 4 6 8 10
R
X AXIS (METERS)
A
5 M
A T
AS
F T
R A
D
89
LEGEND
7.84
15 7.39
6.94
Y AXIS (METERS)
6.50
13 6.05
0
5.60
0 1
5.16
11
2
4.71
4.26
H
3.81
C
9
76 78 80 82 84
AR
X AXIS (METERS)
5 M
T
S A
T A
A F
D R

LEGEND

15
8.82
8.31
13 7.80
Y AXIS (METERS)
7.30
0
6.79
11
1
6.28
2 0
5.77
9 5.27
H
4.76
C
4.25
7
123 125 127
X AXIS (METERS)
129 131
AR
M
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D
91
LEGEND

5.39
70 4.91
4.42
3.93
Y AXIS (METERS)
0
3.44
1
20 2.96
2 0
2.47
1.98
H
1.49
C
1.01
-30
0 50 100
AR
M
X AXIS (METERS)
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D

120
80
40
Y AXIS (METERS)
0
0
0 1
-40
H 2
-80
R C
A
0 40 80 120 160 200
M
X AXIS (METERS)
5
A T
S
View
T A
*Note a wire frame at 0.1m below ground was used to represent the surface level rebars.
A F
D R
93
[ID:STRATHFIELD_SURFACE @ f=50.0000 Hz ]
LEGEND

108.00
97.38
100
86.76
Y AXIS (METERS)
76.15
0
65.53
50
1
54.92
0
44.30
2
0 33.69
H
23.07
C
12.45
R
-50
A
0 50 100 150 200
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D

LEGEND
139.55
38 126.15
112.76
99.36
Y AXIS (METERS)
28 85.96
1 0
72.56
0
59.17
2
18 45.77
H
32.37
C
18.97
8
174 184 194 204
AR
M
X AXIS (METERS)
T 5
A
Figure A.64 MALZ: Touch voltages on surface level zoom plot near service building 2– Spot
S
profiles
T A
A F
D R
95
LEGEND
187.5
137.5 53.84
48.47
43.09
87.5
Y AXIS (METERS)
37.71
0
32.34
1
37.5 26.96
0
21.58
2
-12.5 16.20
H
10.83
C
5.45
R
-62.5
0 50 100 150 200 250
A
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D

LEGEND
200
Level 10 ( 268.122 )
150 Level 9 ( 250.367 )
Level 8 ( 232.611 )
100 Level 7 ( 214.856 )

Y AXIS (METERS)
0
Level 6 ( 197.101 )
1
1 2 3
Level 5 ( 179.346 )
50
0
10
10 Level 4 ( 161.590 )
10
10 8 10
2
1
910
10 Level 3 ( 143.835 )
9
9
0 4
9 87 6 5 3 2
H
9
10 1010 10 1010
9 1 Level 2 ( 126.080 )
C
Level 1 ( 108.325 )
R
-50 1 2
A
0 50 100 150 200 250
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D
97
A.14 Burwood Station CDEGS Earthing System Simulation Results for

Report #1:

STARTING TIME= 10:30: 5:87
0
Run ID......................................: Burwood
0 1
2
H
C
R
A
M
5
1
A
============================================
T
S
A
F T
R A
D

1
Case Number.................................: 1

End of Report #1

at Burwood – MALZ Plots
100
60
20
1 0
0
Y AXIS (METERS)
-20
H 2
R C
A
-60
-100
5 M
T
20 60 100 140 180 220
A
X AXIS (METERS)
S
T A
A F
Figure A.67 Earth Grid at Burwood Station–Top View
D R
are represented as a wire frame.
Location 2 – on station platform (second left
Location 3 – on platform level (middle profiles
Location 4 – on platform level (most right profiles )
Note Earth grid energised to 287.00V
99
-40
0 SOIL SURFACE
40
Z AXIS (METERS)
80
120
160
1 0
0
101.0
2
Y
AX
61.0
IS
H
21.0
(M
ET
ER
-19.0
C
S)
-59.0
R
-99.0
20 60 100 140 180 220
A
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D

[ID:Burwood @ f=50.0000 Hz ]
LEGEND

4
9.74
9.10
2 8.45
Y AXIS (METERS)
7.81
0
7.17
0
1
6.53
2 0
5.88
-2 5.24
H
4.60
C
3.96
R
-4
A
59 61 63 65 67
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
Figure A.69 MALZ: touch voltages on platform level location 1 (most left)– Spot profiles
AS
F T
R A
D
101
LEGEND

8
7.63
7.14
6 6.65
Y AXIS (METERS)
6.16
0
5.67
4
1
5.18
2 0
4.69
2 4.20
H
3.71
C
3.22
R
0
A
83 85 87 89 91
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
Figure A.70 MALZ: touch voltages on platform level location 2 (most second left)– Spot profiles
AS
F T
R A
D

LEGEND

4
11.19
10.39
2 9.58
Y AXIS (METERS)
8.77
0
7.97
0
1
7.16
2 0
6.35
-2 5.55
H
4.74
C
3.93
-4
131 133 135
X AXIS (METERS)
137 139
AR
M
T 5
A
Figure A.71 MALZ: touch voltages on platform level location 3 (middle)– Spot profiles
AS
F T
R A
D
103
LEGEND
10.98
10.29
9.59
Y AXIS (METERS)
8.90
5
0
8.20
1
7.51
2 0
6.81
6.11
H
5.42
C
4.72
0
208 213 218
AR
X AXIS (METERS)
5 M
A T
AS
F T
R A
D

LEGEND

100 7.45
6.76
6.06
50 5.36
Y AXIS (METERS)
0
4.67
1
3.97
2 0
3.28
0
2.58
H
1.88
C
1.19
-50
40 90 140
X AXIS (METERS)
190
AR
M
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D
105
120
80
40
Y AXIS (METERS)
0
0
0 1
-40
H 2
-80
R C
A
20 60 100 140 180 220
M
X AXIS (METERS)
5
A T
Figure A.74 Earth Grid Modelled for Surface EPR and Step and Touch Voltages at Burwood
S
Station–Top View
A
*Note a wire frame at 0.1m below ground was used to represent the surface level structures
F T
R A
D

[ID:BURWOOD SURFACE @ f=50.0000 Hz ]

LEGEND
117.24
110 105.52
93.80
Y AXIS (METERS)
82.08
60
0
70.35
1
58.63
0
46.91
2
10 35.19
H
23.47
C
11.75
R
-40
A
40 90 140 190 240
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
S A
T A
A F
D R
107
[ID:BURWOOD SURFACE @ f=50.0000 Hz ] LEGEND

55 117.54
106.17
50
94.79
83.41
45
Y AXIS (METERS)
72.03
60.65
0
40
49.28
37.90
0 1
2
35
26.52
C H
15.14
30
R
161.2 166.2 171.2
A
X AXIS (METERS)
5 M
A
Figure A.76 MALZ: Touch voltages on surface level zoom plot highest at Burwood road
T
S
entrance – Spot profiles Touch voltage 70.55V
T A
A F
D R


LEGEND

200 Minimum Value : 0.857E-01
68.73
150 61.86
55.00
Y AXIS (METERS)
100 48.13
0
41.27
1
34.41
0
50
27.54
2
20.68
0
H
13.81
C
6.95
R
-50
0 50 100 150 200 250
A
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D
109

LEGEND
Level 10 ( 278.723 )
Level 9 ( 259.393 )
Level 8 ( 240.064 )
150
Level 7 ( 220.734 )
Y AXIS (METERS)
0
Level 6 ( 201.404 )
1
Level 5 ( 182.074 )
1 2
0
50 99
998
9999
9 Level 4 ( 162.745 )
2
1010
10
1010
10
10
10
10
10 1
10
10
10
Level 3 ( 143.415 )
10 10
H
10 10 10 1010 10
1010
10
10 976
8
101010
10
10
10
10
10 43 Level 2 ( 124.085 )
10 10 1010 10
10
10 10 5
10
2
C
10
10 10
1010 1010
1010
10
10 9
9
99 9
9
1 Level 1 ( 104.755 )
R
-50 2 3
A
0 100 200 300
M
X AXIS (METERS)
T 5
A
Figure A.78 MALZ: Surface EPR – Contour profiles
AS
F T
R A
D

A.16 Five Dock Station CDEGS Earthing System Simulation Results for
Report #6:

0
Run ID......................................: FIVE DOCK
1
0
2
H
C
R
A
M
1
5
T
============================================
A
S
A
F T
A
R
1
D
BOTTOM
LAYER
: Resistivity............:
Relative Permeability..:
150.000
1.00000
1.00000
ohm-meters
Case Number.................................: 1

End of Report #6
111
at Five Dock– MALZ Plots
100
0
60
0 1
2
20
Y AXIS (METERS)
C H
R
-20
-60
M A
T 5
A
-100
-20 20 60 100 140 180
AS X AXIS (METERS)
T
A F
D R
Location 1 – on station platform level Cavern (most left profiles bottom)
Location 2 – on station platform (second left)
Location 3 – on platform (middle profiles )
Location 4 – on platform level Cavern (most right profiles )

-40
0 SOIL SURFACE
40
Z AXIS (METERS)
80
120
160
1 0
0
111
2
Y
AX
71
IS
H
31
(M
ET
E
-9
R
C
S)
-49
R
-89
-20 20 60 100 140 180
A
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D
113
[ID:FIVE DOCK @ f=50.0000 Hz ]

LEGEND
9.19
12 8.62
8.05
Y AXIS (METERS)
7.48
10 6.91
6.34
0
5.77
8
1
5.19
0
4.62
2
4.05
6
H
2 4 6 8 10
C
X AXIS (METERS)
AR
M
Figure A.81 MALZ: touch voltages on platform level Cavern location 1 (most left)– Spot profiles
T 5
S A
T A
A F
D R

LEGEND
7.33
6.88
6.44
Y AXIS (METERS)
5.99
12 5.55
0
5.10
1
4.66
0
4.21
2
3.77
H
3.32
7
28 33 38
R C
A
X AXIS (METERS)
M
5
Figure A.82 MALZ: touch voltages on platform location 2 (second left)– Spot profiles
T
S A
T A
A F
D R
115

LEGEND

15
6.52
6.14
13 5.76
Y AXIS (METERS)
5.38
5.00
11
0
4.62
1
4.24
0
9 3.86
2
3.48
H
3.10
7
C
77 79 81 83 85
R
X AXIS (METERS)
A
5 M
A T
AS
F T
R A
D


LEGEND

8
10.88
10.13
6 9.38
8.63
Y AXIS (METERS)
7.87
4
0
7.12
6.37
0 1
2
2 5.61
H
4.86
C
4.11
0
156 158 160 162
A
164
R
M
X AXIS (METERS)
T 5
A
Figure A.84 MALZ: touch voltages on platform level Cavern location 4 (most right)– Spot
S
profiles
T A
A F
D R
117

LEGEND

110 4.81
4.37
3.93
60 3.49
Y AXIS (METERS)
0
3.05
1
2.61
0
2.17
10
2
1.73
H
1.28
C
0.84
-40
R
0 50 100 150
A
X AXIS (METERS)
5 M
T
S A
T A
A F
D R

100
60
20
Y AXIS (METERS)
0
-20
0 1
-60
H 2
-100
R C
A
-20 20 60 100 140 180
M
X AXIS (METERS)
5
A T
S
View
A
*Note a wire frame at 0.1m below ground was used to represent the surface level rebars.
F T
R A
D
119
[ID:FIVEDOCK_SURFACE @ f=50.0000 Hz ]
LEGEND

63.70
57.36
100
51.01
Y AXIS (METERS)
44.67
0
38.33
50
1
31.99
0
25.65
2
0 19.31
H
12.97
C
6.63
R
-50
A
-40 10 60 110 160
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D

[ID:FIVEDOCK_SURFACE @ f=50.0000 Hz ]
LEGEND

200 Minimum Value : 0.762E-01
46.39
150 41.76
37.12
Y AXIS (METERS)
100 32.49
0
27.86
1
23.23
0
50
18.60
2
13.97
0
H
9.34
C
4.71
R
-50
-60 -10 40 90 140 190
A
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D
121
[ID:FIVEDOCK_SURFACE @ f=50.0000 Hz ] LEGEND
Level 10 ( 253.845 )
200
Level 9 ( 236.746 )
Level 8 ( 219.647 )
Level 7 ( 202.548 )
100
Y AXIS (METERS)
0
Level 6 ( 185.448 )
1
1 2 3
1 Level 5 ( 168.349 )
0
10
10
10 10 10 Level 4 ( 151.250 )
2
10
0 10
10 10
10
910
99 4 3 2
1099910
10
10 765
898
Level 3 ( 134.151 )
H
1
Level 2 ( 117.052 )
C
Level 1 ( 99.9529 )
R
-100
A
-100 0 100 200
M
X AXIS (METERS)
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D

A.18 Leichhardt Station CDEGS Earthing System Simulation Results for

Report #2:

STARTING TIME= 7:33: 8:40
Run ID......................................: Leichhardt platforms
1 0
0
2
H
GPR of Reference Source Bus.................: 464 Volts
C
Energization Scaling Factor (SPLITS/FCDIST/specified)..: 464
R
A
M
5
1
T
A
============================================
S
A
F T
A
R
D

1
Case Number.................................: 1

End of Report #2
123
at Leichhardt– MALZ Plots
100
60
0
20
1
Y AXIS (METERS)
-20
2 0
C H
R
-60
M A
5
-100
-20 20 60 100 140 180
A T
X AXIS (METERS)
AS
F
T
R A
D

-40
0 SOIL SURFACE
40
Z AXIS (METERS)
80
120
160
1 0
0
110.6
2
Y
AX
70.6
IS
H
30.6
(M
ET
E
-9.4
R
C
S)
-49.4
R
-89.4
-20 20 60 100 140 180
A
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
Figure A.4-1 Earth Grid at Station–3D View
S A
T A
A F
D R
125
[ID:Leichardt platforms @ f=50.0000 Hz ]

LEGEND
14.41
12 13.53
12.64
Y AXIS (METERS)
11.76
10
0
10.87
1
9.99
0
9.10
2
8 8.22
H
7.33
C
6.45
6
2 4 6
X AXIS (METERS)
8 10
AR
M
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D


LEGEND
10.26
15 9.67
9.09
Y AXIS (METERS)
8.50
13
0
7.92
1
7.33
0
6.75
2
11 6.16
H
5.58
C
4.99
R
9
A
76 78 80 82 84
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D
127

LEGEND

15
11.54
10.88
13 10.21
Y AXIS (METERS)
9.55
0
8.89
11
1
8.22
0
7.56
2
9 6.89
H
6.23
C
5.57
7
123 125 127
X AXIS (METERS)
129 131
AR
M
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D

LEGEND

7.06
70 6.42
5.78
Y AXIS (METERS)
5.15
0
4.51
1
20 3.87
0
3.23
2
2.59
H
1.96
C
1.32
-30
0 50 100
AR
M
X AXIS (METERS)
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D
129
100
60
20
Y AXIS (METERS)
0
-20
0 1
-60
H 2
-100
R C
A
-20 20 60 100 140 180
M
X AXIS (METERS)
5
A T
S
View
A
*Note a wire frame at 0.1m below ground was used to represent the surface level rebars
F T
R A
D

[ID:Leichardt Surface @ f=50.0000 Hz ]

LEGEND

56.84
51.22
100
45.60
Y AXIS (METERS)
39.98
34.36
0
50
1
28.74
0
23.12
2
0 17.51
11.89
H
6.27
C
-50
R
-40 10 60 110 160
A
X AXIS (METERS)
5 M
T
S A
T A
A F
D R
131

LEGEND
170
120 38.75
34.89
31.03
70
Y AXIS (METERS)
27.17
0
23.31
1
20 19.45
0
15.59
2
-30
11.73
H
7.87
C
4.01
-80
R
-50 0 50 100 150 200
A
X AXIS (METERS)
5 M
T
S A
T A
A F
D R


LEGEND
100
Y AXIS (METERS)
0
Level 2 ( 430.000 )
0 2
2
1
0 1
H 2
C
Level 1 ( 230.000 )
R
-100
A
-100 0 100 200
M
X AXIS (METERS)
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D
133
A.20 Camperdown Station CDEGS Earthing System Simulation Results

for proposed earth grid– MALZ Report
Report #2:

0
Run ID......................................: CAMPERDOWN
1
0
2
H
C
R
A
M
1

============================================
T 5
A
S
T A
A F
R
D

1
Case Number.................................: 1

End of Report #2

at Camperdown– MALZ Plots
150
100
50
1 0
0
Y AXIS (METERS)
H 2
R C
A
-50
-100
5 M
T
-50 0 50 100 150 200
A
X AXIS (METERS)
S
T A
F
R A
D
Location 1 – on Cavern platform level (most left profiles top)
Location 2 – on station platform (second most left profiles bottom)
Location 3 – on station platform (middle profiles)
Location 4 – on platform level (most right profiles
Location 5 – on Cavern platform level (second most right profiles top )
Note Earth grid energised to 368.34
135
-50
0 SOIL SURFACE
50
Z AXIS (METERS)
100
150
200
1 0
0
158.7
2
Y
AX
108.7
IS
H
58.7
(M
ET
E
8.7
R
C
S)
-41.3
R
-91.3
-50 0 50 100 150 200
A
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D

[ID:CAMBLE TOWN @ f=50.0000 Hz ]

LEGEND

10.67
58
9.97
9.26
56 8.56
Y AXIS (METERS)
7.85
54 7.15
6.45
52
5.74
1 0
0
5.04
2
4.33
H
50
4 6 8 10 12
C
X AXIS (METERS)
R
M A
5
Figure A.101 MALZ: touch voltages on Cavern platform level location 1 (most left top)– Spot
profiles
A T
AS
F T
R A
D
137

LEGEND

8
10.79
10.09
6 9.39
Y AXIS (METERS)
8.68
0
7.98
4
1
7.28
2 0
6.57
2 5.87
H
5.17
C
4.47
R
0
A
9 11 13 15 17
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
Figure A.102 MALZ: touch voltages on platform location 2 (most left)– Spot profiles
AS
F T
R A
D


LEGEND

8
9.56
8.96
6 8.36
Y AXIS (METERS)
7.77
7.17
4
0
6.57
1
5.97
0
5.37
2
4.78
4.18
H
0
65 67 69 71 73
C
X AXIS (METERS)
R
M A
5
A T
AS
F T
R A
D
139

LEGEND
12.66
6 11.82
10.98
Y AXIS (METERS)
10.14
4
0
9.30
1
8.46
2 0
7.61
2 6.77
H
5.93
C
5.09
0
148 150 152 154 156
AR
M
X AXIS (METERS)
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D


LEGEND

49
6.92
6.47
47 6.01
Y AXIS (METERS)
5.56
0
5.11
45
1
4.66
2 0
4.21
43 3.76
H
3.30
C
2.85
41
117 119 121
X AXIS (METERS)
123 125
AR
M
T 5
A
Figure A.105 MALZ: touch voltages on Cavern platform level location 5 (second right top)– Spot
S
profiles
T A
A F
D R
141

LEGEND

6.10
5.53
100 4.97
4.40
Y AXIS (METERS)
0
3.83
1
3.26
0
50
2
2.69
2.12
H
1.56
C
0.99
0
0 50 100 150
AR
M
X AXIS (METERS)
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D

150
100
50
Y AXIS (METERS)
0
0
0 1
-50
H 2
-100
R C
A
-50 0 50 100 150 200
M
X AXIS (METERS)
5
A T
Figure A.107 Earth Grid Modelled for Surface EPR and Step and Touch Voltages at Station–
S
Top View
T A
A F
D R
143
[ID:CAMPERDOWN_SURFACE @ f=50.0000 Hz ]
LEGEND

121.42
109.31
130
97.19
Y AXIS (METERS)
85.08
0
72.96
80
1
60.85
0
48.73
2
30 36.62
H
24.50
C
12.39
R
-20
A
-40 10 60 110 160
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D

[ID:CAMPERDOWN_SURFACE @ f=50.0000 Hz ]
LEGEND

260 34.68
31.22
27.76
160
Y AXIS (METERS)
24.30
0
20.83
1
17.37
0
13.91
2
60
10.45
H
6.98
C
3.52
R
-40
A
-120 -20 80 180
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D
145
[ID:CAMPERDOWN_SURFACE @ f=50.0000 Hz ] LEGEND

Level 13 ( 360.000 )
250 Level 12 ( 340.000 )
Level 11 ( 320.000 )
Level 10 ( 300.000 )
Level 9 ( 280.000 )
150 Level 8 ( 260.000 )
Y AXIS (METERS)
0
1 2 3 Level 7 ( 240.000 )
1
1
Level 6 ( 220.000 )
0
Level 5 ( 200.000 )
2
2
50 Level 4 ( 180.000 )
13 13
1211
10 6 Level 3 ( 160.000 )
H
12 987 5 4 3
Level 2 ( 140.000 )
C
2
2 Level 1 ( 120.000 )
R
-50
A
-100 0 100 200
M
X AXIS (METERS)
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D

A.22 Broadway-Sydney University Station CDEGS Earthing System

Simulation Results for proposed earth grid– MALZ Report
Report #1:

Run ID......................................: BROADWAY
0
1
0
2
H
C
R
A
M
1
5
============================================
T
A
AS
F T
A
R
D
1
Case Number.................................: 1

End of Report #1
147
at Broadway – Sydney University – MALZ Plots
150
100
0
50
1
Y AXIS (METERS)
2 0
C H
R
-50
M A
5
-100
-50 0 50 100 150 200
A T
X AXIS (METERS)
AS
T
A F
R
D
Location 1 – on service level Cavern (most left profiles top)
Location 2 – on platform level Cavern (second most left profiles)
Location 3 – on station platform (middle)
Location 4 – on station platform (second right)
Location 5 – on platform level Cavern (most right profiles)
Location 6 – on platform level Cavern(middle top profiles )
Note Earth grid energised to 385.40V

-50
0 SOIL SURFACE
50
Z AXIS (METERS)
100
150
200
1 0
0
149.3
2
Y
AX
99.3
IS
H
49.3
(M
ET
E
-0.7
R
C
S)
-50.7
R
-100.7
-50 0 50 100 150 200
A
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D
149
[ID:BROADWAY @ f=50.0000 Hz ]
LEGEND
19.47
44 18.29
17.11
Y AXIS (METERS)
15.93
0
42 14.74
1
13.56
2 0
12.38
40 11.20
H
10.02
C
8.84
R
38
A
-9 -7 -5 -3 -1
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
Figure A.113 MALZ: touch voltages on services level Cavern location 1 (most left top)– Spot
AS
F T
R A
D

LEGEND
12.10
12 11.32
10.54
Y AXIS (METERS)
9.75
10
0
8.97
1
8.19
2 0
7.40
8 6.62
H
5.83
C
5.05
6
2 4 6
X AXIS (METERS)
8 10
AR
M
T 5
A
Figure A.114 MALZ: touch voltages on platform level Cavern location 2 (second most left)–
S
Spot profiles
T A
A F
D R
151
LEGEND

15
8.55
8.06
13 7.57
Y AXIS (METERS)
7.09
0
6.60
11
1
6.11
2 0
5.63
9 5.14
H
4.66
C
4.17
R
7
A
53 55 57 59 61
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D

LEGEND
9.45
13 8.87
8.28
Y AXIS (METERS)
7.69
11
0
7.11
1
6.52
2 0
5.93
9 5.35
H
4.76
C
4.18
7
132 134 136 138
A
140
R
M
X AXIS (METERS)
T 5
A
Figure A.116 MALZ: touch voltages on platform location 4 (second right)– Spot profiles
AS
F T
R A
D
153
LEGEND
17.26
14 15.99
14.72
Y AXIS (METERS)
13.45
12
0
12.18
1
10.91
2 0
9.64
10 8.37
H
7.10
C
5.83
8
156 158 160 162 164
AR
M
X AXIS (METERS)
T 5
A
Figure A.117 MALZ: touch voltages on platform level Cavern location 5 (most right)– Spot
S
profiles
T A
A F
D R

LEGEND
8.62
36 8.10
7.58
Y AXIS (METERS)
7.07
0
34 6.55
1
6.03
2 0
5.51
32 4.99
H
4.47
C
3.96
R
30
A
54 56 58 60 62
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
Figure A.118 MALZ: touch voltages on platform level Cavern location 6 (middle top)– Spot
S
profiles
T A
A F
D R
155
LEGEND

7.94
7.19
100
6.45
Relative Distance Along Surface (METERS)
5.71
0
4.97
50
1
4.23
0
3.49
2
0 2.74
H
2.00
C
1.26
R
-50
-40 10 60 110 160
A
Relative Distance Along Profile (METERS)
M
T 5
A
Figure A.119 MALZ: step voltages on all above locations – Spot profiles
AS
F T
R A
D

175
125
75
Y AXIS (METERS)
0
25
0 1
-25
H 2
-75
R C
A
-50 0 50 100 150 200
M
X AXIS (METERS)
5
A T
Figure A.120 Earth Grid Modelled for Surface EPR and Step and Touch Voltages at Station–
S
Top View
A
*Note a wire frame at 0.1m below ground was used to represent the surface level re-bars.
F T
R A
D
157
[ID:BROADWAY_SURFACE @ f=50.0000 Hz ]
LEGEND

167.05
151.92
130
136.80
Y AXIS (METERS)
121.67
0
106.54
80
1
91.41
0
76.28
2
30 61.15
H
46.02
C
30.89
R
-20
A
-40 10 60 110 160
X AXIS (METERS)
M
T 5
A
Figure A.121 MALZ: Touch voltages on surface level station area – Spot profiles
AS
F T
R A
D

LEGEND
125.40
119
114.93
114
104.46
109 93.99
Y AXIS (METERS)
83.53
104
73.06
99
0
62.59
1
94
0
52.12
2
41.65
89
H
31.18
C
84
R
70 75 80 85 90
X AXIS (METERS)
A
5 M
A T
Figure A.122 MALZ: Touch voltages on surface level Entrance from Broadway - Sydney
S
University – Spot profiles
T A
A F
D R
159
LEGEND
77.95
70.17
125 62.38
Y AXIS (METERS)
54.59
0
46.80
1
39.01
0
25 31.22
2
23.43
H
15.64
C
7.86
-75
-60 40 140 240
AR
M
X AXIS (METERS)
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D

[ID:BROADWAY_SURFACE @ f=50.0000 Hz ] LEGEND

Level 11 ( 350.000 )
200
Level 10 ( 325.000 )
Level 9 ( 300.000 )
1 2 3 3 2 1
4
6 5 Level 8 ( 275.000 )
7
81111
91010
98 10
10 10
11
100 11 11 10
10
11
10
11 Level 7 ( 250.000 )
Y AXIS (METERS)
0
111111
Level 6 ( 225.000 )
1
8
10 9
11
Level 5 ( 200.000 )
2 0
Level 4 ( 175.000 )
0 3
3
Level 3 ( 150.000 )
H
2 2 Level 2 ( 125.000 )
C
Level 1 ( 100.000 )
R
-100
A
-100 0 100 200
M
X AXIS (METERS)
T 5
A
AS
F T
R A
D
161
Appendix B Conductor sizing Calculations CDEGS

Amplicity Results
1 0
2 0
C H
AR
5 M
A T
AS
F T
R A
D

B.1 Ampacity Function Report Conductor size

CDEGS Conductor Ampacity Calculation (per IEEE Standard 80)
Ampacity Function Report for 20kA
Computation Results:
Minimum Conductor Size:
105.2127 MCM
53.2992 sq. mm
0
0.1622 in (radius)
1
4.1190 mm (radius)
Input Data:
2 0
H
Symmetrical RMS Current Magnitude: 20 kA
Maximum Fault Duration: 0.5 s
R C
A
Ambient Temperature: 40 °C
M
Maximum Allowable Temperature: 1083.0000 °C (fusing temperature)
5
Conductor Type: Copper, annealed soft drawn (100% conductivity)
T
A
Decrement Factor: 1.0618
S
X/R: 20
T A Frequency 50 (Hz):
F
Material Constants of Conductor:
R A Name: Copper, annealed soft drawn (100% conductivity)
D
Reference Temperature for Material Constants: 20.0000 °C
Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity at Reference Temperature: 0.00393 1/°C
Fusing Temperature of Conductor: 1083.0000 72
Resistivity of Conductor at Reference Temperature: 1.7200 mW×cm
Thermal Capacity per Unit Volume: 3.4200 J/cm³ · °C
Based on JobID Burwood Computed at 3/01/2010
163
B.2 Ampacity Function Report Maximum Current Carrying Capacity of

Selected Conductor (120mm. sq.)
Ampacity Function Report
Ampacity (RMS):
0
33.8065 kA, if no dc offset
1
32.7792 kA, with maximum dc offset
Input Data:
2 0
H
Maximum Fault Duration: 1 s
R C
A
Maximum Allowable Temperature: 1083.0000 °C (fusing temperature)
M
Conductor Size: 120 sq. mm
5
T
A
S
X/R: 20
T A Frequency 50 (Hz):
F
Material Constants of Conductor:
R A Name: Copper, annealed soft drawn (100% conductivity)
D
Resistivity of Conductor at Reference Temperature: 1.7200 cm

B.3 Ampacity Function Report – Maximum Temperature Rise for rated

fault current
Ampacity Function Report
Temperature Rise:
257.6759 °C
495.8167 °F
0
Final Temperature:
297.6759 °C
0 1
599.8167 °F
H 2
C
Input Data:
R
Symmetrical RMS Current Magnitude: 20 kA
Maximum Fault Duration: 1 s
M A
T 5
Conductor Size: 120 sq. mm
A
S
T A X/R: 20
F
Frequency 50 (Hz):
R A Material Constants of Conductor:
D
Name: Copper, annealed soft drawn (100% conductivity)
Resistivity of Conductor at Reference Temperature: 1.7200 cm
165
Appendix C Earth Return paths used for EPR

calculations
1 0
2 0
C H
AR
5 M
A T
AS
F T
R A
D

C.1 Earth Return paths used for EPR Calculations
Table C.1 Earth Return Paths used for 33kV Westmead Ancillary substation.
Case Sections No of Cables
From To Earth 11kV Cable 33kV Cable

cables screen screen
120mm sq (88.3 mm.sq) (88.3 mm.sq)
1* Westmead Ancillary West mead Station 8 0 0
0
2* Westmead Ancillary Rosehill Station 0 0 3
1
3 Westmead Station Parramatta Station 0 6 0
2 0
4 Parramatta Station Rosehill Station 0 6 0
5 IE Camellia Sub- 3 0 2
H
Rosehill Station transmission
C
substation (source)
R
Note*: consider worst case one tunnel section failure between Westmead Ancillary to Westmead
A
Station thus one 33kV cable and 8 nos. 120sq mm cables through this tunnel section was not
M
considered for modelling.
T 5
S A
T A
A F
D R
167
Table C.2 Earth Return Paths used for 33kV Rosehill substation.

120sq mm (88.3 sq mm) (88.3sq mm)
1* IE Camellia sub- 3 0 2
Rosehill Station transmission
substation
2* IE Rosehill zone 0 2 0
Rosehill Station
substation
3* Rosehill Station Parramatta Station 2 3 0
4* Parramatta Station Westmead Station 0 3 0
1 0
0
5 Westmead Station Westmead Ancillary 3 0 0
2
substation
H
6* Westmead Ancillary 0 0 3
Rosehill Station
substation
7 Rosehill Station Silverwater Station
R C 6 6
A
8 Sydney Olympic 6 0
Silverwater Station
park Station
5 M
Note*: consider worst case one tunnel section failure between Rosehill Station and Parramatta
Stations thus one 33kV cable and one 11kV cable cables through this tunnel section was not
T
A
Table C.3 Earth Return Paths used for 33kV Silverwater substation.
Case Sections
AS No of Cables
F T
A
120sq mm (88.3 sq mm) (88.3sq mm)
1*
D R Silverwater Station
Homebush Bay
Drive Ancillary
substation
0 0 3
2 EA Homebush 3 0 2
Homebush Bay Drive
sub-transmission
Ancillary substation
substation
3* Sydney Olympic 2 3 0
Silverwater Station
Park Station
4 Silverwater Station Rosehill Station 0 6 6
5 Rosehill Station Parramatta 4 6 0
Station
Note*: consider worst case one tunnel section failure between Silverwater & Sydney Olympic Park
Station thus one 33kV cable and one 11kV cable cables through this tunnel section was not

Table C.4 Earth Return Paths used for 33kV Homebush Bay Drive Ancillary substation.

120sq mm (88.3 sq mm) (88.3sq mm)
1* EA Homebush sub- 3 0 2
Homebush Bay Drive
transmission
substation
2 Homebush Bay Drive Silverwater Station 0 0 3
0
1
3* Homebush Bay Drive Sydney Olympic 0 3 0
0
Ancillary substation Park Station
2
4 Homebush Bay Drive William St Ancillary 0 0 6
Ancillary substation substation
5 Homebush Bay Drive
Strathfield Station
C
0 6
H 0
7
8
Strathfield Station
Burwood Station
Burwood Station
William St Ancillary
AR 0
0
6
6
0
0
M
substation
5
Note*: consider worst case one tunnel section failure between Homebush Bay Drive Ancillary
T
substation & Sydney Olympic Park Station thus one 33kV cable and one 11kV cable cables through
A
this tunnel section was not considered for modelling.
AS
F T
R A
D
169
Table C.5 Earth Return Paths used for 33kV William Street Ancillary substation.

120sq mm (88.3 sq mm) (88.3sq mm)
1* Homebush Bay 0 0 3
William St Ancillary
Drive Ancillary
substation
substation
2 EA Homebush sub- 3 0 2
Homebush Bay Drive
transmission
substation
0
3* William St Ancillary Burwood Station 0 3 0
1
substation
0
4 Burwood Station Strathfield Station 0 3 0
5
Strathfield Station
Homebush Bay
Drive Ancillary
0 3
H 2
C
substation
R
6 William St Ancillary Leichhardt Station 0 0 6
substation
7 William St Ancillary
substation
Five Dock Station 0
M A 6 0
5
Note*: consider worst case one tunnel section failure between William Street Ancillary substation &
T
Burwood Station thus one 33kV cable and one 11kV cable cables through this tunnel section was
A
not considered for modelling.
S
Table C.6 Earth Return Paths used for 33kV Leichhardt Station substation.
Case Sections
T A No of Cables
From
A F To Earth 11kV Cable 33kV Cable
R
120sq mm
D
(88.3 sq mm) (88.3sq mm)
1 William St Ancillary 0 0 6
Leichhardt Station
substation
2 Leichhardt Station Fivedock Station 0 6 0
3* Camperdown 2 3 0
Leichhardt Station
Station
4 Broadway – Sydney 2 3 0
Camperdown Station
University Station
5 William St Ancillary Leichhardt Station 0 0 6
substation
6 William St Ancillary Five Dock Station 0 6 0
substation
7 Leichhardt Station Central Station 0 0 3


120sq mm (88.3 sq mm) (88.3sq mm)
8 Central Station EA Campbell St 3 0 2

Zone substation
Note*: consider worst case one tunnel section failure between Leichhardt Station & Camperdown
Station thus one 33kV cable and one 11kV cable cables through this tunnel section was not
Table C.7 Earth Return Paths used for 33kV Central Station substation.
1 0
2 0
From to
C
Earth
cables
11kV Cable
screen
H 33kV Cable
screen
R
120sq mm (88.3 sq mm) (88.3sq mm)
1
Central Station
Broadway –
Sydney University
M A 2 3 0
5
Station
T
2 Camperdown 2 3 0
Broadway Station
A
Station
S
3* Central Station Leichhardt Station 0 0 3
A
4 Camperdown Station Leichhardt Station 0 6 0
T
5 Central Station SMNS1 0 6 6
6
A F
Central Station EA Campbell St
Zone substation
3 0 2
D R
Note*: consider worst case one tunnel section failure between Central station & Broadway –
Sydney University Station thus one 33kV cable and one 11kV cable cables through this tunnel
section was not considered for modelling.
171
Appendix B Drawing List
The drawings listed below can be found in the Drawings of the Reference Design Document.
Drawing Number Drawing Title

Depot expansion – electrical services traction negative return
WST-2100-RD-0800-ME-0201
schematic
System wide electrical services – Mainline traction negative return
WST-2100-RD-1000-ME-0305
schematic sheet 1 of 3
WST-2100-RD-1000-ME-0306
0
WST-2100-RD-1000-ME-0307
1
0
WST-2100-RD-1000-ME-0309 System wide electrical services – station typical earthing schematic
WST-2100-RD-1000-ME-0615
control system schematic
H 2
System wide electrical services – typical DC stray current monitoring &
C
WST-2100-RD-1800-ME-0301 Silverwater Station – electrical services earthing grid details
R
WST-2100-RD-1800-ME-0302 Silverwater Station – electrical services earthing grid layout plan
M A
T 5
S A
T A
A F
D R

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Sydney Metro Network Stage 2

Revision Date Filepath/Name WST-2100-PBACH-R-ME-0042[00]

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PRE-FINAL REFERENCE DESIGN

2 Definitions and Terms 2

3 Standards, regulations and references 3

4 Operation and maintenance 6

6 Definition of the equipotential zones

7 Equipotential zoning strategy for the Sydney Metro 14

PRE-FINAL REFERENCE DESIGN

8 DC stray current – stations & tunnels 19

PRE-FINAL REFERENCE DESIGN

PRE-FINAL REFERENCE DESIGN 1

2 Definitions and Terms

Table 2.1 Definition of terms

3 Standards, regulations and references

Table 3.1 Applicable Standards and Regulations

AS 1125 Conductors in insulated electric cables and flexible cords

AS Telecommunications installations – Generic cabling for commercial

AS 3808 Insulating and sheathing materials for electric cables

AS/NZS 4130 Polyethylene (PE) pipes for pressure applications

AS/NZS 4507 Cables - Fire Performance

AS 4799 Installation of underground utility services and pipelines within railway

PRE-FINAL REFERENCE DESIGN 3

AS 60270 High-voltage test techniques – Partial discharge measurements

AS 60529 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)

AS/NZS 61000- Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – General standards – Immunity for

AS/NZS 61000- Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – General standards – Immunity for

AS/NZS 61000- Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – General standards – Emission

EN 50121-1 Electromagnetic compatibility – Part 1: General

T AElectromagnetic compatibility – Part 5: Emission and immunity of fixed

D EN 50122-2 Railway applications – Fixed installations – Part 2: Protective provisions

EN 50123 – 1 Railway Applications - Fixed installations, DC switchgear Part 1: General

EN 50123 – 2 Railway Applications - Fixed installations, DC switchgear Part 2: DC circuit

EN 50238 Railway applications – Compatibility between rolling stock and train

EN 61547 Equipment for General Lighting Purposes EMC Immunity Requirements

AUSTEL Customer Premises Cabling Manual Customer Premises Cabling Manual,

SAA HB 29 Communications cabling handbook

BCA Building Code of Australia

S A Substation Earthing Guide

PRE-FINAL REFERENCE DESIGN 5

4 Operation and maintenance

4.2 Earthing system

• statutory requirements, and

4.4 DC Stray Current

4.5 EMC Management

PRE-FINAL REFERENCE DESIGN 7

5 Earthing and bonding

5.3 Electrical bonding of DC railways

5.4 Electrical strategy

6 Definition of the equipotential zones

PRE-FINAL REFERENCE DESIGN 9

6.3 Zone A: LV earthing

6.4 Zone B: The running rails

6.7 Zone E: HV earthing

6.8 Zone F: Platform screen doors

PRE-FINAL REFERENCE DESIGN 11

6.9 Zone G: Station lightning protection

6.10 Zone H: Depot

6.10.1 Zone H1: Main line segregation

Zone H4: Depot lightning protection