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IDEA
Phantasm
Idea:
Idea is:

The intellectual image or


representation of a thing
Idea and phantasm:
• Phantasm is concrete and individual
• Phantasm is vague and indistinct with
complexity and minuteness of details: can
you imagine 50 trees (not 49 or 53) in a row?
• There are clear ideas with no phantasm:
God, law, soul, democracy
Comprehension and extension:

Are the logical qualities of the idea


By Comprehension:

We understand the meaning,


signification and thought-content of
an idea
Comprehension is:

The sum total of all attributes or


thought-elements which constitute an
idea
Extension
(application):

Is the sum total of all individuals and


groups to which an idea can be
applied
The relation between
comprehension and extension:
• Comprehension can be neither increased nor
diminished without changing the idea itself.
• Extension can be diminished or increased without
destroying the idea.
• Comprehension of an idea always remain the
same, while the extension may change
continuously.
As the comprehension increases, the extension
decreases; and as the extension increases, the
comprehension decreases:
Kinds of ideas:
Ideas according to Origin:
• Intuitive: the blue sky, the sun, homes.
Stores, cars, rivers – immediately present
objects
• Abstractive (mediate): formed by means
other than immediate – through books,
newspaper, conversation, past experience:
next summer, USA, electricity
Ideas according to their relations
(1):
• Connex :one idea either includes or
excludes the other: father-child, husband-
wife, man-rational, day-night
• Disparate: neither include nor exclude each
other: wise-good, gold-warm, man-black
Ideas according to their relations
(2):
• Identical : same comprehension: man-
rational animal, water-H2O
• Diverse: different comprehension: silver-
diamond, tree-dog, student-wife
Diverse Ideas (2b):
• Compatible:attributes of both ideas can be
united into 3rd idea: white-man
(Caucasian), machine-mobile (car)
• Incompatible: excluding each other’s
attributes: light-darkness, iron-wood
Incompatible ideas (2b2):
• Contradictory: simple denial: organic-inorganic,
equal-unequal
• Privative: one idea signifies a perfection, the other
denies it : sight-blindness, living-dead, healthy-ill
• Contrary: two extremes of the same class: black-
white, kind-cruel
• Relative: one cannot be understood without the
other: master-servant, cause-effect
Ideas according to Comprehension:
• Simple: consists of one attribute only: being,
thing, one
• Composite: consists of a number of attributes:
man, plant, animal. Metal, child, baker, farmer,
president
• Concrete: represents a thing as it is found in
reality: chair, cow, white
• Abstract: ideas in the mind: whiteness, God,
tyranny
Ideas according to extension:
• Singular: Amin, Sabar, Roy, Napoleon
• Universal: men, vehicle
• Particular: some people, some cars
• Collective: herd, army, massa, pasukan,
armada

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