Comprehension can be neither increased nor diminished without changing the idea itself. Extension can be diminished or increased without destroying the idea. As the comprehension increases, the extension decreases.
Comprehension can be neither increased nor diminished without changing the idea itself. Extension can be diminished or increased without destroying the idea. As the comprehension increases, the extension decreases.
Comprehension can be neither increased nor diminished without changing the idea itself. Extension can be diminished or increased without destroying the idea. As the comprehension increases, the extension decreases.
representation of a thing Idea and phantasm: • Phantasm is concrete and individual • Phantasm is vague and indistinct with complexity and minuteness of details: can you imagine 50 trees (not 49 or 53) in a row? • There are clear ideas with no phantasm: God, law, soul, democracy Comprehension and extension:
Are the logical qualities of the idea
By Comprehension:
We understand the meaning,
signification and thought-content of an idea Comprehension is:
The sum total of all attributes or
thought-elements which constitute an idea Extension (application):
Is the sum total of all individuals and
groups to which an idea can be applied The relation between comprehension and extension: • Comprehension can be neither increased nor diminished without changing the idea itself. • Extension can be diminished or increased without destroying the idea. • Comprehension of an idea always remain the same, while the extension may change continuously. As the comprehension increases, the extension decreases; and as the extension increases, the comprehension decreases: Kinds of ideas: Ideas according to Origin: • Intuitive: the blue sky, the sun, homes. Stores, cars, rivers – immediately present objects • Abstractive (mediate): formed by means other than immediate – through books, newspaper, conversation, past experience: next summer, USA, electricity Ideas according to their relations (1): • Connex :one idea either includes or excludes the other: father-child, husband- wife, man-rational, day-night • Disparate: neither include nor exclude each other: wise-good, gold-warm, man-black Ideas according to their relations (2): • Identical : same comprehension: man- rational animal, water-H2O • Diverse: different comprehension: silver- diamond, tree-dog, student-wife Diverse Ideas (2b): • Compatible:attributes of both ideas can be united into 3rd idea: white-man (Caucasian), machine-mobile (car) • Incompatible: excluding each other’s attributes: light-darkness, iron-wood Incompatible ideas (2b2): • Contradictory: simple denial: organic-inorganic, equal-unequal • Privative: one idea signifies a perfection, the other denies it : sight-blindness, living-dead, healthy-ill • Contrary: two extremes of the same class: black- white, kind-cruel • Relative: one cannot be understood without the other: master-servant, cause-effect Ideas according to Comprehension: • Simple: consists of one attribute only: being, thing, one • Composite: consists of a number of attributes: man, plant, animal. Metal, child, baker, farmer, president • Concrete: represents a thing as it is found in reality: chair, cow, white • Abstract: ideas in the mind: whiteness, God, tyranny Ideas according to extension: • Singular: Amin, Sabar, Roy, Napoleon • Universal: men, vehicle • Particular: some people, some cars • Collective: herd, army, massa, pasukan, armada