http://www.vustudents.

net

http://www.vustudents.net
Mean
• The mean of the sampling distribution (of the mean) is the mean
of the population from which the scores were sampled.
• Therefore, if a population has a mean, μ, then the sampling
distribution of the mean is also μ.
• The symbol µ X is used to refer to the mean of the sampling
distribution of the mean.
• Therefore, the formula for the mean of the sampling distribution
of the mean can be written as:

µX = µ

Variance
• The variance of the sampling distribution of the mean is
computed as follows:

σ2
σ X2 =
N

• That is, the variance of the sampling distribution of the mean is

the population variance divided by N.
• Thus, the larger the sample size, the smaller the variance of the
sampling distribution of the mean.

• Population mean

Population mean is calculated from the population information (data). let we have a
population 2, 4, 6, 10. We have to find the mean of this population we proceed as

µ=∑ =
X 2 + 4 + 6 + 10 22
= = 5.5
N 4 4
Second query, in this example all events have equal probability of occurrence 1/5.

No. of Probability x.f(x)

Faulty Items f(x)
 http://www.vustudents.net

(X)
0 1/5 0
1 1/5 1/5
2 1/5 2/5
3 1/5 3/5
4 1/5 4/5
Total 1 10/5

10
µ = E ( X ) = ∑ xf ( x ) = =2
5
We have drawn all possible samples of size 2 without replacement from population 0, 1,
2, 3, 4.
All possible sample with replacement = N n = 52 = 25
After drawing sample (not given in the example), we have make the sampling distribution
of means that is given in the example. Then we have fine the mean of this distribution
which is 2.
It is property that sample mean is always equal to population mean i.e.
ux = µ

The formulas for standard deviation:

Σ( X − X ) 2
S=
n
or ,
2
ΣX 2  ΣX 
S= − 
n  n 
or ,
ΣX 2
−( X )
2
S=
n
The value of constant e:

The ‘e’ is a constant and its value is 2.7183.

Putting this value, you can find out the expression using calculator.

OR
 http://www.vustudents.net

1 1
e− µ = =
( 2.7183)
µ µ
e
Uniform Distribution:
1
The Uniform distribution is defined by the function f ( x ) = , a≤ x≤b
b−a

The above function is a proper probability density function because of the fact that:
i) Since a < b, therefore f(x) > 0.

ii)
∞

∫ f ( x ) dx
−∞
b
1
=∫ dx
a
b−a
b
1
= [ x]
b−a a
Putting the lim its
1
= [b − a ]
b−a
=1
∞

∫ f ( x ) dx
−∞
b
1
=∫ dx
a
b−a
b
1
= [ ]
x
b−a a
Putting the lim its
1
= [b − a ]
b−a
=1

Hence its a proper probability density function.

Binomial Distribution (Lesson 28)

Definition:

The Binomial Distribution is one of the discrete probability distribution. It is used

when there are exactly two mutually exclusive outcomes of a trial. These outcomes are
appropriately labeled Success and Failure. The Binomial Distribution is used to obtain
the probability of observing r successes in n trials, with the probability of success on a
 http://www.vustudents.net

single trial denoted by p.

Formula
P( X = x ) = ( )
n
x p x q n −x
Where
n = the total no. of trials
p = probability of success in each trial
q = probability of failure in each trial (i.e. q = 1 - p)
x = no. of successes in n trials.
x = 0, 1, 2, … n
( nx ) = nCr = r !(nn−! r )!
Example 1

Suppose a die is tossed 5 times. What is the probability of getting exactly 2 fours?

Solution: This is a binomial experiment in which the number of trials is equal to 5, the
number of successes is equal to 2, and the probability of success on a single trial is 1/6 or
about 0.167. Therefore, the binomial probability is:
b(2; 5, 0.167) = 5C2 * (0.167)2 * (0.833)3
b(2; 5, 0.167) = 0.161