Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DAN GRAHAM
I grew up in New Jersey and I have
always been interested in serial
settlements. When I was at the John
Daniels Gallery, I was one of the
first to organize an exhibition of
Sol LeWitt's works and I realized
that Sol was remaking New York's
orthogonal grid.
DAN GRAHAM
At that time he used to work for
I.M. Pei and so he stressed the
modern architect's notion of
geometry in art. During that same
period, I happened to read in Arts
Magazine an article by Donald Judd
about the urban structure of Kansas
City, which was based on a plan of
the 19th century.
DAN GRAHAM unfolds a large map of New York and New Jersey and
pins it to the empty wall of the studio. He pushes a pin into
the first location.
DAN GRAHAM
All of this was much more
interesting than the white cube
used in galleries and I realized
that I could establish a relation
between art and town and suburban
planning. Here lies the secret of
Minimalist art, the secret that is
never told and that was suppressed
by its very authors: the city grid.
The light is fading, and the neon signs in the window flicker
on.
ROBERT SMITHSON
What you are really confronted with
in a non-site is the absence of the
site. It is a contraction rather
than an expansion of scale. One is
confronted with a very ponderous,
weighty absence.
ROBERT SMITHSON
What I did was to go out to the
fringes, pick a point in the
fringes and collect some raw
material. The making of the piece
really involves collecting. The
container is the limit that exists
within the room after I return from
the outer fringe.
ROBERT SMITHSON
There is this dialectic between
inner and outer, closed and open,
center and peripheral. It just goes
on constantly permuting itself into
this endless doubling, so that you
have the non-site functioning as a
mirror and the site functioning as
a reflection.
5.
ROBERT SMITHSON
As one becomes aware of discrete
usages, the syntax of esthetic
communications discloses the
relevant features of both
‘building’ and ‘language’. Both are
the raw materials of communication
and are based on chance – not
historical preconceptions.
DAN GRAHAM empties the bag of apples into a bowl, and places
a couple that would not fit on the table next to it. The
apples could be to eat or to paint. A pair of broken reading
glasses stuck together with tape sit on the table next to the
bowl. He picks them up and fiddles with the tape.
DAN GRAHAM puts more pins into the map at the sites of their
work.
6.
GORDON MATTA-CLARK
I am experimenting with alternative
uses of space that are most
familiar. I like to think of these
works as by-passing questions of
imaginative design by suggesting
ways of rethinking what is already
there.
7.
GORDON MATTA-CLARK
While my preoccupations involve
deep metamorphic incisions into
space/place, I do not want to
create a totally new supportive
field of vision, of cognition. I
want to reuse the old one, the
existing framework of thought and
sight. More than a call for
preservation, this work reacts
against a hygienic obsession in the
name of redevelopment which sweeps
away what little there is of an
American past, to be cleansed by
pavement and parking.
They emerge up the ramp from the parking lot in front of the
epic glass curtain wall of BELL LABS in Holmdel, NJ.
ROBERT SMITHSON
It seems that no matter how far out
you go, you are always thrown back
on your point of origin. You are
confronted with an extending
horizon; it can extend onward and
onward, but then you suddenly find
the horizon is closing in all
around you, so that you have this
kind of dilating effect.
DAN GRAHAM
I have shifted my view as I see
larger shifts in the art world. I
never thought of the museum as an
interior and basically art-
oriented, a salon, or in modernist
terms, emblematic of the
Establishment and to be struggled
against. That loses sight of the
relation of art to the city. The
museum and the city are the same.
(MORE)
9.
While DAN GRAHAM is looking at the map, the other two wander
off.
GORDON MATTA-CLARK
Work with abandoned buildings began
with my concern for the life of the
city of which a major side effect
is the metabolization of old
buildings.
ROBERT SMITHSON
What you are really confronted with
in a non-site is the absence of the
site. It is a contraction rather
than an expansion of scale. As long
as art is thought of as creation,
it will be the same old story. Here
we go again, creating objects,
creating systems, building a better
tomorrow. I posit that there is no
tomorrow, nothing but a gap, a
yawning gap.
DAN GRAHAM walks into frame. He has found ROBERT SMITHSON and
drags him away from the mirrored wall.
The camera turns to the left as they walk away and out of
frame.
GORDON MATTA-CLARK
What I do to buildings is what some
do with languages and others with
groups of people: I organize them
in order to explain and defend the
need for change.
(MORE)
11.
From an overhead shot DAN GRAHAM sits down on the bench and
the other two bump onto it next to him.
DAN GRAHAM has taken out his map again to try and locate
their position.
ROBERT SMITHSON
Exterior space gives way to the
total vacuity of time. Time as a
concrete aspect of mind mixed with
things is attenuated into ever
greater distances, that leave one
fixed in a certain spot. An
effacement of the country and city
abolishes space, but establishes
enormous mental distances.
SECURITY GUARD
What about limits in art?
12.
ROBERT SMITHSON
All legitimate art deals with
limits. Fraudulent art feels that
it has no limits. The trick is to
locate those elusive limits, but
somehow they never show themselves.
That’s why I say measure and
dimension seem to break down at a
certain point.
The group walk around the edge of the lake at the rear face
of the building the SECURITY GUARD in pursuit. The garden
around the lake is landscaped in a quasi-Japanese style.
Overgrown red bushes, a lily pond and weeping willows sit
against the backdrop of the impossibly long curtain wall.
ROBERT SMITHSON
Upper Montclair Quarry, also known
as Osborne and Marsellis quarry or
McDowell’s quarry, is situated on
Edgecliff Road, Upper Montclair,
and was worked from about 1890 to
1918. From the top of the quarry
cliffs, one could see the New
Jersey suburbs bordered by the New
York skyline. The terrain is flat
and loaded with ‘middle-income’
housing developments with names
like Royal Garden Estates, Rolling
Knolls Farm, Valley View Acres - on
and on they go, forming tiny
boxlike arrangements.
ROBERT SMITHSON
Any book on anthropology discusses
the bush and the town site, so that
you have these two things, and they
are conscious of both of them and
this sets up a kind of fantasy
situation where people are making
all kinds of weird masks and
things.
ROBERT SMITHSON
Not bigness, bigness isn’t scale.
14.
ROBERT SMITHSON
Yeah, that gets back to the surd
situation. Although you are
conscious of the scale, it’s how
your consciousness focuses. This
island might appear big, but in
fact it’s very tiny, so that you
have this telescoping back and
forth from both ends of the
telescope; you can conceive of it
as a very large work, like one
particle on the island might be
conceived as being a gigantic
tumulus…The particle on the island
takes on an enormity. Whereas the
island itself is just a dot.
SHOT OF THE CLIFFS FROM BELOW, THE WOMAN WALKING HER DOG
LEADS THE ARTISTS OUT OF THE PARK.
The WOMAN WALKING HER DOG shows them the way down a flight of
steps. She waits at the top of the steps until they are out
of sight.
GORDON MATTA-CLARK
Splitting was done in 1973 at 322
Humphrey Street in Englewood, New
Jersey. It was in a predominantly
black neighborhood that was being
demolished for an urban renewal
project that was never completed.
When I took over the house, it was
strewn with personal debris left by
its abruptly evicted tenants. The
work began by cutting a one-inch
slice through all the structural
surfaces dividing the building in
half.
GORDON MATTA-CLARK
Some of the first pieces that
actually dealt with impingements on
buildings as a structural fabric
were very small extractions. At
that point I was thinking about
surface as something which is too
easily accepted as a limit. And I
was also becoming very interested
in how breaking through the surface
creates repercussions in terms of
what else is imposed upon by a cut.
That’s a very simple idea, and it
comes out of some line drawings
that I’d been doing.
16.
SKATER
(Liza Bear)
A cut is a simple thing if you see
it in graphic terms only. What
struck me about the Humphrey Street
piece was how much information the
cut seemed to reveal.
GORDON MATTA-CLARK
Yes, a cut is very analytical. It’s
the probe! The essential probe. The
scaffold of sharp-eyed inspectors.
Initially I also wanted to go
beyond visual things. Of course,
there are visual consequences to
cutting, certainly to removal, but
it was kind of the thin edge of
what was being seen that interested
me as much, if not more than, the
views that were being created.
SKATER
(Liza Bear)
What do you mean exactly?
GORDON MATTA-CLARK
Well, for example the layering, the
strata, the different things being
severed. Revealing how a uniform
surface is established. The
simplest way to create complexity
was one of the formal concerns
here, without having to make or
build anything.
DAN GRAHAM
‘Although there is perhaps some
aesthetic precedence in the row
houses which are indigenous to many
older cities along the east coast,
housing developments as an
architectural phenomenon seem
peculiarly gratuitous. They exist
apart from prior standards of
‘good’ architecture. They were not
built to satisfy individual needs
or tastes. The owner is completely
tangential to the product’s
completion. His home isn’t really
possessable in the old sense; it
wasn’t designed to ‘last for
generations’.’
HUSBAND
(Ludger Gerdes)
With your more recent works you
have this kind of double meaning,
like the more contemporary
pavilions, you can see them, on one
hand, as an object coming out of a
highly modernist or minimalist
morphology..
18.
WIFE
(Ludger Gerdes)
..and on the other hand, you can
experience them as a tool of, let’s
say, social interaction, between
people hidden, people looking at
other people, people being
interrupted by boundaries coming
together across boundaries and all
these things.
DAN GRAHAM
I think they mimic these different
conditions. They mimic these
structures in the world, true, and
they also maybe mimic the minimal
object taken outdoors or become
almost functional as an
architectural lobby or pavilion.
The ultimate meaning, a lot of the
meaning, comes from the particular
use context.
The HUSBAND shows them a way out through a sliding porch door
into a narrow garden. ROBERT SMITHSON and GORDON MATTA-CLARK
who had been out of frame follow DAN GRAHAM through.
DAN GRAHAM
There was an enormous flood of new
commodities which seemed to destroy
any possibility of artists’ own
composition or creating new value,
and seemed to devalue value. But
this devaluation was the result of
an economy of less work and more
time for consumption and possibly
meant that the receiver, the person
who bought all these things, might
be made creative and liberated in
his use of time. Life might become
an aestheticized form of play. The
art receiver could be a creative
participant in art; art’s task was
to help make this aestheticized
play available to everybody.
SQUATTER
So then it was these old-fashioned
modern ideas that the artist would
disappear?
DAN GRAHAM
In a certain way the artist
disappeared. He just set in motion
different structures. The artist as
a hero disappeared, that was part
of the idea of composition
disappearing at the time.
DAN GRAHAM
In both American and European
cultures the immediate past is
always chopped off because
consumerism demands the ever-new
detached from the just-past. I
therefore came to the conclusion
that the just-past is the issue. It
is a question of keeping alive the
richness which is actually in
historical memory.