TELEVISION

Television is the transmission of scenes, either still or motion, by electrical means,

commonly b3~ radio, for instantaneous viewing without permanent recording. For a
practical system certain fundamental components or functions are necessary:
1. Camera device to pick up the scene
2. Transducer to convert the light impulses of the scene to corresponding electrical
pulses.
3. Transmitter to convert the electrical pulses into proper form to be transmitted to
the receiver.
4. Receiver to pick up the transmitted signals and convert them to the proper form to
apply to a transducer.
5. Transducer to convert the electrical pulses back into light in a reproduction of the
original scene.
In the present practical system of television it is necessary to break up the scene into
minute elements and utilize these elements in an orderly sequence. This process is called
scanning. In scanning, the picture must be broken down into lines of successive elements
just as the eye breaks down the printed page into words.
The original scene is focused on the camera tube by a light lens S3'Tstem. The
camera tube converts this light picture into the sequence of electrical elements necessary
for transmission.
The very minute electrical signals coming from the camera tube are amplified by
wide band video amplifiers. The wide band drives the modulator which modulates the
picture signals on the radiofrequency carrier in a manner very similar to that of the audio
modulation of conventional broadcasting. The modulated radio frequency is then fed to
the antenna and radiated into space. At the same time the microphone picks up the sound
associated with the scene. This signal is amplified and impressed on the radio frequency
sound carrier just as for any amplitude modulated transmitter. The sound-modulated
carrier is radiated simultaneously with the picture carrier. Both are then picked up by the
receiving antenna, amplified and fed through the first detector and intermediate frequency
amplifiers of a superheterodyne receiver. The two types of signal are then separated and
each is fed to its proper detector.
To reproduce the scene at the receiver, it is necessary for the receiver transducer,
whatever its nature, to follow exactly the operation of the camera tube. To insure accurate
synchronization between the transmitting end and the receiving end, synchronizing pulses
are transmitted at the end of each scanning line. The various pulses are impressed on. the
signal in the transmitter during the short time interval while the scanning is returning
from the end of one line to the beginning of the next.
The video signals without the synchronizing pulses are amplified in the proper channels
of the circuit and also fed to the picture tube. The electronic picture tube is the cathode
ray tube.