Materials System Specification

12-SAMSS-007 3 September 2006

Fabrication of Structural
and Miscellaneous Steel
Onshore Structures Standards Committee Members
Baldwin, Charles Cummins, Chairman
Sheref, Khaled Mohammad, Vice Chairman
Hemler, Steven R.
Henry, Michael Patrick
Marhoon, Saeed Ahmed
Mohammed, Ammar Khalil
Utaibi, Abdul Aziz Saud
Abu-Adas, Hisham A.W.
Saleh, Loay Abdullah
Abulhamayel, Ismat Abdulkader
Dakhil, Osamah Ali
Mohammed, Jamal Sadeq
Grosch, Jonathan Joseph
Kim, Steve Un
Stark, Gregory Dalton
Thompson, Scott Burnett

Saudi Aramco DeskTop Standards

Table of Contents

1 Scope............................................................. 2
2 Conflicts and Deviations................................. 2
3 References..................................................... 2
4 Products and Materials.................................. 7
5 Galvanizing, Painting and Coating............... 10
6 Fabrication.................................................... 14
7 Inspection and Testing................................. 26

Appendix 1 – ASTM Material Equivalency......... 28

Previous Issue: 7 May 2006 Next Planned Update: 1 May 2009

Revised paragraphs are indicated in the right margin Page 1 of 29
Primary contact: Baldwin, Charles Cummins on 966-3-8746149
Copyright©Saudi Aramco 2005. All rights reserved.
Document Responsibility: Onshore Structures 12-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 3 September 2006 Fabrication of Structural
Next Planned Update: 1 May 2009 and Miscellaneous Steel

1 Scope

This Specification defines the requirements for material selection, connections,

detailing, fabrication, galvanizing, painting and coatings, marking for erection and
delivery of structural and miscellaneous steel. Erection of structural steel shall be per
12-SAMSS-008. Offshore structures and pre-engineered metal buildings are excluded
from this specification.

2 Conflicts and Deviations

2.1 Any conflicts between this Specification and other applicable Saudi Aramco
Materials System Specifications (SAMSSs), Engineering Standards (SAESs),
Standard Drawings (SASDs) or industry standards, codes, and forms shall be
resolved in writing by the Company or Buyer Representative through the
Manager, Consulting Services Department.

2.2 Direct all requests to deviate from this Specification in writing to the Company or
Buyer Representative, who shall follow internal company procedure SAEP-302
and forward such requests to the Manager, Consulting Services Department of
Saudi Aramco, Dhahran.

3 References

The selection of material and equipment, and the design, construction, maintenance, and
repair of equipment and facilities covered by this Specification shall comply with the
latest edition of the references listed below, unless otherwise noted.

3.1 Saudi Aramco References

Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedure

SAEP-302 Instructions for Obtaining a Waiver of a
Mandatory Saudi Aramco Engineering
Requirement

Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards

SAES-H-001 Selection Requirements for Industrial Coatings
SAES-H-100 Painting Requirements for Industrial Facilities
SAES-H-101 Approved Protective Coating Systems

Saudi Aramco Materials System Specification

12-SAMSS-008 Erection of Structural and Miscellaneous Steel

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Document Responsibility: Onshore Structures 12-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 3 September 2006 Fabrication of Structural
Next Planned Update: 1 May 2009 and Miscellaneous Steel

Saudi Aramco Standard Drawing

AB-036322-001 Anchor Bolt Details – Inch and Metric Sizes

Saudi Aramco Inspection Requirements

Form 175-120100 Steel Structures
Form 175-120500 Tower: Communication

Saudi Aramco Forms and Data Sheets

NMR-7927 Non-Material Requirements for Fabricated
Structural Steel

3.2 Industry Codes and Standards

American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)

AISC Detailing for Steel Construction
AISC Manual of Steel Construction: Allowable Stress
Design (ASD), 9th Edition
AISC Manual of Steel Construction: Volume II
Connections (ASD/LRFD)
AISC Specification for Structural Steel Buildings:
Allowable Stress Design and Plastic Design
AISC Specification for Structural Joints Using
ASTM A325 or ASTM A490 Bolts
AISC Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and
Bridges
AISC Allowable Stress Design (ASD) of Simple Shear
Connections
AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) of
Simple Shear Connections
AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)
Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM
A325 or ASTM A490 Bolts
AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)
Specification for Structural Steel Buildings
AISC Manual of Steel Construction, Load and
Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)

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Document Responsibility: Onshore Structures 12-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 3 September 2006 Fabrication of Structural
Next Planned Update: 1 May 2009 and Miscellaneous Steel

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

ASTM A1 Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Tee Rails
ASTM A6/A6M Standard Specification for General Requirements
for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates,
Shapes, and Sheet Piling
ASTM A36/A36M Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
ASTM A53/A53M Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and
Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and
Seamless
ASTM A106 Standard Specification for Seamless carbon Steel
Pipe for High-Temperature Service
ASTM A108 Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon,
and Alloy, Cold Finished
ASTM A123/A123M Standard Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip
Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel
Products
ASTM A143/A143M Standard Specification for Safeguarding Against
Embrittlement of Hot-Dip Galvanized
Structural Steel Products and Procedure for
Detecting Embrittlement
ASTM A153/A153M Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip)
on Iron and Steel Hardware
ASTM A193/A193M Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and
Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for High-
Temperature Service
ASTM A194/A194M Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel
Nuts for Bolts for High-Pressure or High-
Temperature Service, or Both
ASTM A307 Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and
Studs, 60,000 psi Tensile Strength
ASTM A325 Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel,
Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile
Strength
ASTM A325M Standard Specification for High-Strength Bolts,
Steel, Heat Treated 830 MPa Minimum Tensile
Strength [Metric]

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Document Responsibility: Onshore Structures 12-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 3 September 2006 Fabrication of Structural
Next Planned Update: 1 May 2009 and Miscellaneous Steel

ASTM A384/A384M Standard Practice for Safeguarding Against

Warpage and Distortion during Hot-Dip
Galvanizing of Steel Assemblies
ASTM A385 Standard Practice for Providing High-Quality
Zinc Coatings (Hot-Dip)
ASTM A490 Standard Specification for Heat-Treated Steel
Structural Bolts, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile
Strength
ASTM A490M High Strength Steel Bolts, Classes 10.9 and
10.9.3, for Structural Steel Joints (Metric)
ASTM A500 Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Welded
and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing
in Rounds and Shapes
ASTM A501 Standard Specification for Hot-Formed, Welded
and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing
ASTM A563 Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel
Nuts
ASTM A563M Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel
Nuts [Metric]
ASTM A572/A572M Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-
Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel
ASTM A653/A653M Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-
Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated
(Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process
ASTM A759 Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Crane
Rails
ASTM A780 Standard Practice for Repair of Damaged and
Uncoated Areas of Hot-Dip Galvanized
Coatings
ASTM A786/A786M Standard Specification for Hot-Rolled Carbon,
Low-Alloy, High-Strength Low-Alloy, and Alloy
Steel Floor Plates
ASTM A992/A992M Standard Specification for Structural Steel Shapes
ASTM A1008/A1008M Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet, Cold-
Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength
Low-Alloy and High-Strength Low-Alloy with
Improved Formability

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Document Responsibility: Onshore Structures 12-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 3 September 2006 Fabrication of Structural
Next Planned Update: 1 May 2009 and Miscellaneous Steel

ASTM A1011 Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip,

Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength
Low-Alloy and High-Strength Low-Alloy with
Improved Formability
ASTM B695 Standard Specification for Coatings of Zinc
Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel
ASTM E376 Measuring Coating Thickness by Magnetic-Field
or Eddy-Current (Electromagnetic)
Examination Methods
ASTM F436 Standard Specification for Hardened Steel
Washers
ASTM F436M Standard Specification for Hardened Steel
Washers [Metric]
ASTM F606 Standard Test Methods for Determining the
Mechanical Properties of Externally and
Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, and
Rivets
ASTM F606M Standard Test Methods for Determining the
Mechanical Properties of Externally and
Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, and
Rivets [Metric]
ASTM F959 Standard Specification for Compressible-Washer-
Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with
Structural Fasteners
ASTM F959M Standard Specification for Compressible-Washer-
Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with
Structural Fasteners [Metric]
ASTM F1554 Standard Specification for Anchor Bolts, Steel, 36,
55 and 105-ksi Yield Strength

American Petroleum Institute (API)

API SPEC 5L Specification for Line Pipe

American Welding Society (AWS)

ANSI/AWS D1.1/ D1.1M Structural Welding Code – Steel
ANSI/AWS D1.3/ D1.3M Structural Welding Code – Steel Sheet

European Standards
EN 10204 BS EN 10204: Metallic Products

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Document Responsibility: Onshore Structures 12-SAMSS-007
Issue Date: 3 September 2006 Fabrication of Structural
Next Planned Update: 1 May 2009 and Miscellaneous Steel

BS EN 10025-2 Hot Rolled Products of Structural Steel

National Association of Architectural Metals Manufacturers (NAAMM)

NAAMM MBG 531 Metal Bar Grating Manual
NAAMM MBG 532 Heavy Duty Metal Bar Grating Manual

Process Industry Practices (PIP)

STF05501 Fixed Ladders and Cages
STF05511 Fixed Industrial Stairs
STF05520 Pipe Railing for Walkway and Working Surface
Details
STF05530 Grating Details

Steel Deck Institute (SDI)

SDI Design Manual for Composite Decks, Form Decks and Roof Decks –
No. 30

Steel Joist Institute (SJI)

SJI Standard Specifications and Load Tables

U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

U.S. FCC Rules and Regulations, Part 17

U.S. Department of labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration

(OSHA)
OSHA 29 CFR Part 1926

4 Products and Materials

4.1 Material Requirements

4.1.1 All material shall be of new stock.

4.1.2 The minimum thickness of any part of a structural shape shall be 5 mm.

4.1.3 Where contact of dissimilar metals will cause galvanic corrosion, a

suitable insulating material shall be provided between the metals.

4.2 Structural Shapes, Plates & Bars

ASTM A36 / ASTM A36M (for plates, bars, M, S, HP, C, M, C and L-shapes);

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Next Planned Update: 1 May 2009 and Miscellaneous Steel

ASTM A572 / ASTM A572M, or ASTM A992 / ASTM A992M (for WT and
W–shapes). Commonly accepted structural steel materials and shapes other than
ASTM may be used in accordance with Appendix 1 of this specification. Any
difference(s) in the material dimensions, section properties, yield strength or
tensile strength shall be accounted for in the design calculations.
Commentary Note:

Universal Beams and Universal Columns (UB & UC) and split tees rolled to BS
EN 10025-2 S355JR/JO may be used as substitutes for W & WT shapes.
Commonly accepted shapes include shapes specified to Japanese Standards
(JS), British Standards (BS), European Standards (EuroNorm) and German
Standards (DIN).

4.3 Pipe Columns & Handrail

Pipe for columns or handrail shall be per ASTM A53 Type E or S, Grade B,
ASTM A106 Grade B or API SPEC 5L, Grade B.

4.4 Structural Tubing

Structural tubing shall be per ASTM A501 or ASTM A500 Grade B.

4.5 Metal Decking

Floor and Roof metal deck shall be cold-formed steel sheets conforming to
ASTM A653/A653M or ASTM A1008/A1008M or equal having a minimum
yield strength of 228 N/mm² (33,000 psi). The metal deck shall be galvanized
and receive a protective coating of zinc conforming to ASTM A653, G90
Coating Designation. Design shall be in accordance with "SDI Design Manual
for Composite Decks, Form Decks and Roof Decks, No. 30."

4.6 High Strength Bolt Assemblies

Bolt - ASTM A325/A325M Type I or ASTM A490/A490M, if specified on the

design drawings

Washer - ASTM F436/F436M

Direct Tension Indicator (D.T.I.) Washers - ASTM F959/F959M, when

specified on the design drawings

Heavy Hex Nut - ASTM A563 Grade DH or ASTM A563M Grade 10S

4.7 Standard Bolt Assemblies

Bolt - ASTM A307 Grade A, (Hex ¼" - 1½" diameter)

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Document Responsibility: Onshore Structures 12-SAMSS-007
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Next Planned Update: 1 May 2009 and Miscellaneous Steel

Washer - ASTM F436/F436M

Nut - ASTM A563/A563M Grade A, Heavy Hex

4.8 Anchor Bolt Assemblies shall be in accordance with Standard Drawing

AB-036322 Sht. No. 001 (Rev. No. 07 or later) and the following material
specifications:

Threaded Anchor Bolts - ASTM A36 / ASTM A36M or ASTM F1554, Gr. 36

Headed Bolts - ASTM A307 Grade A (Hex ½" - 1½" diameter, Heavy Hex over
1½" diameter)

Washers - ASTM F436 or ASTM F436M

Plate Washers - ASTM A36 / ASTM A36M

Nuts - ASTM A563 Grade A, Heavy Hex or ASTM A563M

4.9 High Strength Anchor Bolt Assemblies shall be in accordance with Standard
Drawing AB-036322 Sht. No. 001 (Rev. No. 07 or later) and the following
material specifications:

Anchor Bolts - ASTM A193 / ASTM A193M Gr. B7 or ASTM F1554, Gr. 105

Heavy Hex Nuts - ASTM A194 or ASTM A194M or ASTM A563, DH

Washers - ASTM F436 or ASTM F436M

Plate Washers - ASTM A36 / ASTM A36M

4.10 Shear Connectors (for composite construction) - Headed Studs

ASTM A108 Grade 1010 through 1020, ANSI/AWS D1.1 Section 7, Type B

4.11 Welding Filler Metal

Welding filler metal shall be per ANSI/AWS D1.1, Section 3.3 (including Table
3.1) low hydrogen with an electrode strength of 58 ksi (400 MPa) minimum
yield strength and 70 ksi (480 MPa) minimum tensile strength. (For example,
use E70XX for SMAW, F7XX-EXXX for SAW, ER70S-X for GMAW, and
E7XT-X for FCAW.) However, E60XX (410 MPa) electrodes may be used for
tack welding.

4.12 Crane Rails

Rails 60 lb/yd to 84 lb/yd (30 kg/m to 42 kg/m) – ASTM A1

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Document Responsibility: Onshore Structures 12-SAMSS-007
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Next Planned Update: 1 May 2009 and Miscellaneous Steel

Rails 104 lb/yd to 175 lb/yd (52 kg/m to 88 kg/m) – ASTM A759

4.13 Checkered Floor Plates

ASTM A786 / ASTM A786M Pattern 2 or 4 and ASTM A36/A36M

4.14 Steel Bar Grating and Grating Stair Treads

Steel Bar Grating and Grating Stair Treads shall be per ASTM A1011/A1011M,
galvanized per ASTM A123 and comply with NAAMM MBG 531 & MBG 532.
Steel grating shall be rectangular type, with plain 3/16-inch x 1-1/4-inch (5-mm
x 32-mm bearing bars on 1-3/16-inch (30-mm) spacing with cross bars on 4-inch
(100-mm) spacing. Grating stair treads shall have abrasive or checkered plate
nosing.

4.15 Grating Fasteners

Grating shall be securely fastened to the supporting members as shown in
NAAMM MBG531 and PIP STF05530. When grating clips are used, they shall
be from a recognized manufacturer with a published datasheet and written
installation procedures including tightening criteria. The grating fasteners shall
be of a design that permits installation by a single worker without requiring
access to the underside of the grating. The grating clips shall be stainless steel
or shall be galvanized per ASTM A153 / ASTM A153M or ASTM B695.

4.16 Steel Joists

SJI Standard Specifications and Load Tables

5 Galvanizing, Painting and Coating

5.1 Fireproofed Steel

5.1.1 Galvanized steel is acceptable under cementatious fireproofing.

Galvanized steel that will receive intumescent fireproofing materials
must be brush-off blasted (sweep blast) and then receive an APCS-1B
primer prior to the application of the intumescent fireproofing.

5.1.2 Bare carbon steel that will receive fireproofed shall be prepared as
follows:
a) A full APCS-1B system (primer and top coat(s)) shall be applied
under cementatious fireproofing materials.
b) APCS-1B primer shall be applied prior to the application of the
intumescent fireproof materials.

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Document Responsibility: Onshore Structures 12-SAMSS-007
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Next Planned Update: 1 May 2009 and Miscellaneous Steel

5.2 Galvanizing

5.2.1 All materials, except ASTM A193, ASTM A194, ASTM A490 or
ASTM A490M bolts, and crane rails, shall be galvanized. Steel
embedded in concrete (including ASTM A36, ASTM A307 and ASTM
F1554 anchor bolts) shall be hot-dip galvanized.

5.2.2 Galvanizing of steel shapes, plates and hardware shall be in accordance

with the following ASTM specifications:
a) Steel shapes and plates - ASTM A123
b) ASTM A325 Type 1 or ASTM A325M Type 1 bolts and
corresponding nuts and washers -ASTM B695 or ASTM A153 /
ASTM A153M.
c) ASTM A36 / ASTM A36M threaded bar or ASTM A307 bolts
and corresponding nuts and washers - ASTM A153 / ASTM
A153M or ASTM B695
d) All bolts, nuts, and washers shall meet required mechanical
properties after galvanizing.

5.2.3 General Fabrication

5.2.3.1 It shall be the Fabricator's responsibility to safeguard

against embrittlement and warpage per ASTM A143 and
ASTM A384. Fabrication details shall meet the
requirements of ASTM A385 to allow for the creation of
high quality zinc coatings.

5.2.3.2 Whenever practical, cutting, drilling and welding shall be

performed before galvanizing. The Fabricator shall remove
weld slag before galvanizing.

5.2.3.3 The edges of tightly contacting surfaces shall be completely

seal welded.

5.2.3.4 Vent holes shall be provided for piping or tubular

assemblies as required by ASTM A385. The vent holes
shall be located in the bottom side to prevent rainwater
accumulation.

5.2.3.5 The Fabricator before proceeding shall bring potential

problems that require a modification in design to the
attention of the Buyer.

5.2.4 Galvanizing of Steel Hardware

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5.2.4.1 Nuts shall be tapped oversize in accordance with ASTM

A563/A563M.

5.2.4.2 Nut threads shall be retapped after hot-dip galvanizing to

provide proper fit.

5.2.4.3 Direct tension indicators, if used, shall be mechanically

galvanized by the manufacturer according to the
requirements of Class 50 of ASTM B695.

5.2.4.4 Anchor bolt coatings shall be in accordance with Standard

Drawing AB-036322 Sht. No. 001 (Rev. No. 07 or later).

5.2.5 Inspection of Galvanized Steel

The Buyer reserves the right to inspect and reject all galvanized steel in
accordance with the provisions of ASTM A123 and ASTM E376.

5.2.6 Repair of Galvanized Steel

5.2.6.1 Any damage to galvanizing shall be repaired in accordance

with ASTM A780.

5.2.6.2 Before repair of damaged galvanized coating, exposed

substrate metal shall be cleaned to bright metal and free of
all visual rust, oil, or grease. Any non-adhering galvanizing
shall be removed to the extent that the surrounding
galvanizing is integral and adherent.

5.2.6.3 When surface defects exceed 2% of a member's area, the

defects shall be repaired by redipping the member in the
zinc bath.

5.2.6.4 Cold repair using an organic zinc rich coating (primer in

APCS-1C) is allowed if the total damaged area is less than
1% of the total coated area of the member being repaired
and no single repair is greater than 1300 mm² or 300 mm
long. The dry film thickness shall be 0.05 to 0.08 mm (2 to
3 mils) and contain a minimum of 65% zinc dust by weight.

5.2.6.5 Hot repairs shall be made in the shop if any of the following
conditions exist:
a. Total damaged area is greater than 1% but less than
2% of the total coated area of the member being
repaired

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b. Any single repair is at least 2 in² (1,300 mm²) in area

c. Any single repair is 12-inches (300 mm) long or more

5.2.6.6 Hot repair shall be made using zinc alloy rod or powder
manufactured for the repair of galvanized steel.

5.2.6.7 Flux, heavy ash, or heavy dross inclusions shall be removed

by brushing, grinding, or filing as required.

5.2.6.8 Galvanized steel which has been rejected shall be stripped,

regalvanized, and submitted again for inspection.

5.2.6.9 Correction of excessive warpage that exceeds ASTM

A6/A6M criteria, shall be by press straightening when
possible. The application of localized heating to straighten
must be approved by the Chairman of the Onshore
Structures Standards Committee.

5.2.6.10 If galvanized tension control bolts are used, all bare steel
surfaces (i.e., bolt ends) shall be repair galvanized per this
section.

5.3 Painting and Coatings

5.3.1 Where hot-dip galvanizing cannot be done after fabrication, uncoated

locations shall be painted in accordance with the Saudi Aramco
Engineering Standards SAES-H-001, SAES-H-100 and SAES-H-101.

5.3.2 Where fireproofing of structural steel is specified, the steel shall be

coated with materials that are qualified and approved in accordance
with SAES-H-001, APCS-1B, Epoxy Coated System with Epoxy
Primer.

5.3.3 Shop painting is not required unless specified in the Purchase Order,
except for communication towers, which require painting, aviation
marking and lighting as follows:
a) Surface preparation and dry film thickness requirements shall be
in accordance with SAES-H-101, APCS-1E.
b) Minimum and maximum overcoating times must be in strict
accordance with the Manufacturer's Product Data Sheet, and all
coatings must be qualified and approved in accordance with
SAES-H-101, APCS-1E.

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c) Aviation Marking: Colors for the two cover coats shall meet the
requirements specified in the U.S. Federal Communications
Commission, U.S. FCC Rules and Regulations, Part 17.

5.3.4 Floor plate shall be coated with an anti-skid paint per SAES-H-101,
APCS-12, when required to be shop applied in the contract documents.

5.3.5 High-strength anchor bolts shall be coated in accordance with Standard

Drawing AB-036322 Sht. No. 001 (Rev. No. 07 or later).

5.4 Fixed Ladders and Cages

For Fixed Ladders and Cages details refer to drawings as per PIP STF05501.

5.5 Fixed Industrial Stairs

For fixed industrial stairs, refer to drawings as per PIP STF05511.

5.6 Pipe Railing for Walkway and Working Surfaces

For pipe railing for walkway and working surfaces details, refer to drawings as
per PIP Standard STF05520. Angle railing shall not be used.

5.7 Grating Details

For grating details refer to PIP STF05530.

6 Fabrication

6.1 General

6.1.1 All fabrication shall be in accordance with the AISC Code of Standard
Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges and either the AISC
Specification for Structural Steel Buildings: Allowable Stress Design
and Plastic Design or the AISC LRFD Specification for Structural
Steel Buildings, as applicable, subject to modification by the contract
documents.

6.1.2 All structural steel shall be made by open hearth, basic oxygen or
electric furnace process. Bessemer steel is not acceptable.

6.1.3 No rimmed or capped steel shall be used.

6.1.4 Structural steel pipe shall be limited to seamless or electric-welded,

straight-seam pipe. Where steel pipes or tubing are used, all open ends
shall be sealed to prevent internal corrosion.

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6.1.5 The welding symbols used on plans and shop drawings shall be per the
American Welding Society (AWS). The field connection symbols
shall distinguish between assembly yard and erection site connections.

6.1.6 All welding shall be in accordance with ANSI/AWS D1.1/D1.1M,

Structural Welding Code – Steel or ANSI/AWS D.1.3, Structural
Welding Code – Sheet Steel, as appropriate.

6.1.7 Shop splices, substitutions of member sizes, or changes in details or

dimensions shall not be permitted without written authorization from
the Chairman of the Onshore Structures Standards Committee.

6.1.8 In order to reduce field connections to a minimum, shop assembly shall

be as complete as possible, consistent with the feasibility and economy
of the handling and shipping of the assembled units. Sections or
assemblies too long for shipment shall be provided with field joints of
the same member strength. Lifting lugs for lifting of fully assembled
structural units shall be designed for attachment to primary structural
members only. Lifting lugs shall be attached by means of a complete
joint-penetration groove weld when the assembly weight exceeds 3000
kg (see paragraph 7.5.e).

6.1.9 All beams, except cantilevers, shall be fabricated with natural mill
camber in the up position.

6.1.10 All re-entrant corners shall be shaped, notched-free, to a radius.

6.1.11 Fabricator, when performing shop assembly work, shall not exceed the
tolerances specified in AISC Code of Standard Practice for Steel
Buildings and Bridges, Section 7.11.

6.1.12 Base plate hole sizes for structural steel columns shall be as follows:
Anchor bolts ¾ to 1 inch (20-24 mm) – 5/16 inch (8 mm) oversize
Anchor bolts 1 to 2 inch (25-50 mm) – ½ inch (12 mm) oversize
Anchor bolts over 2 inch (50 mm) – 1 inch (25 mm) oversize

6.1.13 All pieces shall be clearly marked with permanent identifying erection
mark number. Method and location of marking shall be approved by
Buyer.

6.1.14 Before surface preparation, the Fabricator shall remove all sharp
corners, burrs (including bolt hole burrs), weld spatter, slag, weld flux,
loose mill scale and other foreign matter.

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6.1.15 Exposed corners, edges, burrs or rough spots on handrails, guards,

ladders, platforms and stairs, which might cause injury to personnel
using the assembled structure, shall be ground or filed smooth.

6.1.16 Platforms, stairways and handrails shall be shop-assembled in the

largest units suitable for handling and shipping. Ladder cages shall be
shop assembled on ladders.

6.1.17 The method for fastening grating shall be as specified on the design
drawings. A minimum of two fasteners per panel shall be used at each
support, with a minimum of four fasteners per panel. The fasteners
shall be supplied by the Fabricator with 5% extra to cover losses.

6.1.18 Grating / checkered plate openings dimensioned on the design

drawings shall be cut and banded in the shop as shown on the design
drawing. Un-dimensioned grating/checkered plate openings will be cut
in the field by others.

6.1.19 Joints perpendicular to the span of grating and checkered plate flooring
shall occur only over support members.

6.1.20 Checkered plate shall have ½ inch (12 mm) diameter drain holes (when
specified on contract drawings) provided for each 20 ft² (2 m²) of area,
with a minimum of one hole per panel.

6.2 Connections

All connections shall be either engineer-designed, fabricator-selected, or

fabricator-designed. Unless otherwise noted on the design drawings, all
connections not fully detailed on the design drawings shall be fabricator-
designed.

6.2.1 Engineer-Designed Connections

6.2.1.1 Engineer-designed connections will be fully designed and

detailed on the design drawings and shall be furnished as
shown.

6.2.1.2 Engineer-designed connections shall be only those

connections fully detailed on the design drawings, showing
all fastener sizes, arrangement, dimensions, and all
connection material, and weld types and sizes. The
fabricator shall reflect this information on shop drawings.

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6.2.1.3 Requests to deviate from the specific details of any

engineer-designed connection by the Fabricator must be in
writing, with written approval from Saudi Aramco.

6.2.2 Fabricator-Selected Connections

Fabricator-selected connections are usually simple connections (shear

only). The Fabricator shall detail these connections by selecting
Standard details from the AISC Allowable Stress Design Manual Part
4, Table II or Table III.

6.2.3 Fabricator-Designed Connections

6.2.3.1 Fabricator-Designed connections shall be designed and

detailed by the Fabricator to carry all loads shown on the
design drawings or as specified in the contract documents.

6.2.3.2 The Fabricator shall have an experienced Structural

Engineer design or supervise the design of all fabricator-
designed connections.

6.2.3.3 Fabricator-designed connections shall meet all requirements

of the contract documents. In all cases, design shall
consider the entire joint (including beams, girders, columns,
and bracing) and shall take into account bolt shear,
combined bolt tension and shear, prying action, local
bending, coped beam capacities, block shear, web buckling,
etc. The Fabricator shall design and furnish stiffeners for
column webs, column flanges and elements of other
members involved as determined by analysis.

6.2.3.4 If transfer forces (axial forces at ends of beams and girders)

are shown on the design drawings, framed beam
connections shall be designed to carry the transfer forces in
combination with the beam end reactions.

6.2.3.5 Sample engineering calculations for each type of

Fabricator-designed connection shall be sealed and signed
by the responsible Structural Engineer who designed or
supervised the design of the connections. Additionally,
where required by the Contract Documents, all shop
drawings containing Fabricator-designed connections shall
be sealed and signed by the responsible Structural Engineer
and shall be submitted to the Saudi Aramco Representative
for review.

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6.2.3.6 Review of shop drawings detailing Fabricator-Designed

connections and engineering calculation sheets by the Saudi
Aramco Representative does not relieve the Fabricator of
the responsibility for both the design adequacy and
detailing of connections designed by the Fabricator.

6.2.4 Allowable Stress Increase

The Fabricator shall not increase allowable stresses in the design of

connections (i.e., no one-third increase for wind and seismic as
required by ASD), unless noted otherwise on the design drawings (if
LRFD design is used).

6.2.5 Bolted Connections

6.2.5.1 Design, detailing, and fabrication of bolted connections

shall be in accordance with either the AISC Allowable
Stress Design (ASD) or Load and Resistance Factor Design
(LRFD) method, as noted in the contract documents.

6.2.5.2 Connection design shall conform to the following

standards:
a) AISC Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM
A325 or A490 Bolts
b) AISC Manual of Steel Construction (ASD) or AISC
Manual of Steel Construction (LRFD)
c) AISC Manual of Steel Construction: Volume II,
(ASD/LRFD)
d) AISC Detailing for Steel Construction

6.2.5.3 ASTM A325/A325M high-strength bolts, ¾ inch (20 mm)

in diameter, shall be used in all bolted structural
connections, unless otherwise noted in the contract
documents. However, larger ASTM A325/A325M bolts
may be used when required to meet connection capacity
requirements and shall be clearly flagged on the erection
drawings.

6.2.5.4 All ASTM A325 or ASTM A325M high-strength bolts,

shall be Type 1, galvanized. Galvanized washers and nuts
shall be furnished for galvanized bolts.

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6.2.5.5 All bolts, nuts, and washers shall be properly identified and
marked with the material grade and manufacturer's logo if
required by respective ASTM standard. All fasteners not so
marked shall be rejected. Should any unmarked fasteners
be installed, they shall be removed. Mechanical testing of
unmarked fasteners shall not constitute justification for their
use.

6.2.5.6 The minimum design capacity of all bolted, or mixed bolted

and welded, framed-beam connections shall be the member
end reaction shown on the design drawings. When the
member end reaction is not shown, the minimum design
capacity shall be one-half of the total uniform load capacity
as shown in the Allowable Uniform Load Tables in Part 2
of the AISC Manual of Steel Construction (ASD) for the
given beam size, span and grade of material. Unless
otherwise specified in the contract documents.

6.2.5.7 The minimum number of bolts in a framed beam connection

shall be two bolts.

6.2.5.8 High-strength bolted connections shall be bearing-type with

threads included in the shear plane (A325-N). Slip-critical
connections (A325-SC) shall be used when noted on the
contract documents. All high-strength bolts shall be fully
tightened as per paragraph 6.2.5.18, unless they are clearly
identified on the design drawings to be tightened only to a
snug-tight condition.

6.2.5.9 Ladder, stair tread, purlin, girt, doorframe and handrail

connections may be made with standard machine bolts,
conforming to ASTM A307.

6.2.5.10 ASTM A307 bolts, when used, shall be limited in size to

5 inch (16 mm) diameter and smaller.
8

6.2.5.11 All bolt holes shall be standard holes with a diameter

1 inch (1 mm) larger than the nominal bolt diameter,
16
unless otherwise specified on the design drawings or noted
in the following subsections.

6.2.5.12 For framed-beam bearing connections, horizontal short-

slotted holes are permitted in the outstanding leg of clip
angles.

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6.2.5.13 For framed-beam slip-critical connections, oversized or

horizontal short-slotted holes may be used in the
outstanding legs of clip angles. However, in both these
cases bolt shear allowable loads are reduced, as shown in
Table I-D, Part 4, of the AISC Allowable Stress Design
Manual.

6.2.5.14 For slotted holes, the long direction of the slot shall be
perpendicular to the load direction. All slotted or oversize
hole dimensions shall be per Table 1 of the AISC ASD
Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or
ASTM A490 Bolts or AISC LRFD Specification for
Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or ASTM A490 Bolts

6.2.5.15 Hardened washers shall be provided under all bolt heads

and/or nuts adjacent to any ply with oversized or slotted
holes. For standard holes, a minimum of one hardened
washer shall be supplied with each bolt.

6.2.5.16 If direct tension indicator washers are used, they shall

conform to ASTM F959/F959M, and shall be installed
according to the manufacturer's published specifications.

6.2.5.17 Where high-strength bolts are used, "turn-of-nut" or "load

indicating washer" methods may be used for bolt
tightening. Temporary shop erection bolts must be removed
and replaced with high-strength bolts. A marking system
shall be used to mark high-strength bolted connections after
tightening is completed.

6.2.5.18 All bolt lengths shall be determined from the Commentary

on Specifications for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325
or ASTM A490 Bolts, Table C2.

6.2.5.19 A minimum of 5% extra quantities of each bolt size and

length, including nuts and washers, shall be furnished by
the fabricator for field erection.

6.2.5.20 All column splices shall be field-bolted and conform to

AISC Detailing for Steel Construction, Appendix D.

6.2.5.21 A washer shall be furnished with each anchor bolt. Plate

washer thicknesses shall be as shown on the design
drawings.

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6.2.5.22 All nuts for high-strength bolts shall be wax-dipped to

reduce torque during installation.

6.2.5.23 As required by OSHA 29 CFR 1926 Subpart R, when two

structural members on opposite sides of a column web, or a
beam web over a column, are connected sharing common
connection holes, the fabricator shall provide means of
supporting one member while erecting the other member.
Unless the means of support is indicated in the contract
documents, the fabricator may provide one additional row
of bolts in the member to be erected first, an erection seat
for the member to be erected first, or other suitable means.
Unless additional loading is indicated, the erection seat
shall be sized and attached to the column or supporting
beam web with sufficient bolts to support the dead weight
of the member. See the OSHA document for additional
information.

6.2.6 Welded Connections

6.2.6.1 Design, detailing, and fabrication of all welded connections

shall be in accordance with either AISC's Allowable Stress
Design (ASD) or Load and Resistance Factor Design
(LRFD) method, as noted in the Contract Documents.

6.2.6.2 ASD based welded connection design shall conform to

ANSI/AWS D1.1, AISC Manual of Steel Construction
(ASD), AISC Manual of Steel Construction: Volume II
Connections (ASD/LRFD), and AISC Detailing for Steel
Construction.

6.2.6.3 LRFD based welded connection design shall conform to

ANSI/AWS D1.1, AISC Manual of Steel Construction
(LRFD), and AISC Detailing for Steel Construction.

6.2.6.4 The minimum design capacity of all welded framed beam

connections shall be the member end reaction shown on the
design drawings. When the member end reaction is not
shown on the design drawings, the minimum design
capacity shall be one-half of the total uniform load capacity
as shown in the Allowable Uniform Load Tables in Part 2
of the AISC Manual of Steel Construction (ASD) for the
given beam size, span and grade of material, unless
otherwise specified in the Contract Documents.

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6.2.6.5 The minimum fillet weld size is 3/16 inch (5 mm) for
structural welds. Seal welds may be 1/8 inch (3 mm)
minimum fillet weld.

6.2.6.6 All structural strength welding shall be continuous, unless

alternate procedures are approved by the Chairman of the
Onshore Structures Standards Committee.

6.2.6.7 The Fabricator shall design and install erection clips for
field-welded connections.

6.2.6.8 Field connections for random-length materials of handrail

and ladder cage assemblies shall be welded.

6.2.6.9 Continuous seal-welding shall be used in places that are not

self-draining or where crevice corrosion is likely to occur.
If seal-welding is not practical, alternative methods of
sealing shall be used with the approval of the Saudi Aramco
Representative.

6.2.6.10 Fabricator shall remove all run-off bars and extension tabs.

6.2.7 Shop and Field Connections

6.2.7.1 All field connections shall be bolted and all shop

connections shall be either bolted or welded, unless
otherwise shown on the design drawings.

6.2.7.2 Single-angle shear connections shall not be used.

6.2.7.3 To ensure electrical continuity when shop-applying non-

conductive coatings (i.e., epoxies), all contact surfaces shall
be masked unless otherwise noted in the contract
documents. All locations of no-paint or areas requiring full
masking or strip masking shall be noted on the shop
drawings

6.2.8 Bracing Connections

6.2.8.1 Unless otherwise noted on the design drawings, connections

for pre-assembled bracing and truss members shall be
designed for the forces shown on the design drawings,
however, not less than 50% of allowable tension capacity of
the members or 6 kips (27 Kn), whichever is greater. The
allowable tension capacity shall be calculated using the

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gross cross section of the member. A minimum of two

bolts per connection is required.

6.2.8.2 All cross-bracing shall be bolted at intersections, with one

bolt minimum for angles and two bolts minimum for tees.

6.2.8.3 All heavy bracing connections, including gusset plates,

shall be designed according to either the AISC Manual of
Steel Construction: Volume II Connections (ASD/LRFD),
Chapter 7 or the AISC Manual of Steel Construction
(LRFD): Volume II, Part II, as applicable.

6.2.8.4 All gusset and stiffener plates shall be 3/8 inch (10 mm)
minimum thickness. For minor structures such as platforms
and miscellaneous structures, ¼ inch (6 mm) thick gusset
and stiffener plates may be used. The minimum thickness
for connection plates in electrical transmission towers or
communication towers shall be ¼ inch (6 mm).

6.2.8.5 All vertical bracing and knee bracing shall have gusset
plates on column centerlines, unless otherwise noted on the
design drawings.

6.2.8.6 Unless otherwise noted on the design drawings, the

following working points shall be used:
a) For vertical bracing at the intersection of a column,
beam and brace, the gusset plate shall be connected to
both beam and column. The work point shall be the
point at which the beam and column centerlines
intersect.
b) For the connection of K-braces to nominal beams 10
inches (250 mm) or smaller, the working point shall
be the intersection of the horizontal centerline of the
beam and the centerline of the bay.
c) For the connection of K-braces to nominal beams 12
inches (300 mm) or larger, the working point shall be
the intersection of a horizontal line 5-inches (125 mm)
below the top flange when the brace is above the
beam, or 5-inches (125 mm) above the bottom flange
when the brace is below the beam, and the centerline
of the bay.

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6.2.9 Connections for Concrete Fireproofed Members

6.2.9.1 Connections for members fireproofed with concrete shall be

detailed to minimize blockouts in shop applied fireproofing.

6.2.9.2 Gusset plates for vertical or horizontal bracing members

and single-plate shear connections for beams shall extend
outside fireproofing a sufficient length to make the
connection with the fireproofing in place.

6.2.9.3 Handrails shall not be connected to fireproofed columns.

6.3 Handling, Shipping, and Delivery

6.3.1 Handling and Shipping

6.3.1.1 Delivery of steel shall be in the order needed for erection.

The delivery sequence for the fabricated steel, unless
otherwise noted in the contract documents or arranged by
Saudi Aramco, shall be as follows: anchor bolts, loose base
plates, steel embedded in concrete, erection bolts, first tier
columns and framing for all its levels (including stairs and
handrail), second tier columns and its framing, etc.

6.3.1.2 All bolts, washers and nuts shall be packaged and delivered
in rigid, weatherproof containers. Cardboard containers are
not acceptable.

6.3.1.3 Railcars and/or trucks shall be loaded and cribbed so that

they can be readily unloaded by others. Load in such a
manner that continuous drainage will occur.

6.3.1.4 The Fabricator shall ensure that all steel and its coatings are
protected from any damage caused by handling, storage or
shipping prior to receipt by the Buyer.

6.3.1.5 The Fabricator shall ensure that adequate protection is

provided for threads on sag rods, anchor bolts, and any
other threaded components so as to prevent damage during
shipping and handling. Care shall be taken that holes and
surfaces prepared for connection and the threads of bolts,
anchors, mortises, etc., stay clean and undamaged.

6.3.1.6 The bottom of base plates shall be clean and free of any rust
or corrosion.

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6.3.2 Delivery

6.3.2.1 The Fabricator is responsible for delivering all materials

and documentation to the job site in good condition. All
material and documentation will be inspected immediately
upon receipt by Buyer to determine that all items included
in the Bill of Materials have been supplied, to assure that all
documentation has been received, and to check for any
damage.

6.3.2.2 All materials designated for the care, custody and control of
the Erector shall be received, unloaded, stored, and
otherwise handled in a manner that will prevent distortion,
deterioration, or damage.

6.3.2.3 Saudi Aramco reserves the right to reject all damaged or

substandard material or documentation.

6.4 Erection and Shop Drawings

6.4.1 Shop drawings and erection drawings shall be prepared in accordance

with the AISC documents listed in this specification.

6.4.2 Erection drawings shall reference the corresponding design drawings.

Every steel piece on the shop drawings shall reference the appropriate
erection drawing.

6.4.3 Erection and shop drawings shall be grouped in sets and identified
separately for each structure or yard area.

6.4.4 Erection drawings shall clearly show the mark number and position for
each member.

6.4.5 All fabricated steel sections shall be match-marked for field assembly
with designating numbers or letters corresponding to the field erection
drawings. Match-marking of steel shall be done with suitable paint,
waterproof ink or with pressed metal tags.

6.4.6 In addition to the Fabricator's identification marks, each item or bundle

of walkways and platforms shall be marked with a unique tag number
to clearly indicate its associated equipment. Each item or bundle of
walkways and platforms shall also be indicated on the erection
drawings.

6.4.7 Shop drawings shall state the welding procedure to be used.

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6.4.8 Shop drawings shall clearly show the specification and grade of steel to
be used.

6.4.9 The buyer's purchase order number shall be shown on all erection and
shop drawings.

6.4.10 Surface preparation and shop-applied coatings, including areas to be

masked, shall be noted on the shop drawings.

6.4.11 The Fabricator shall provide a bolt list and a list of other fasteners
showing the number, grade, size, and length of field bolts for each
connection. These lists may be shown on either the shop drawings or
on separate sheets.

6.4.12 In the event that drawing revisions are necessary, the Fabricator shall
clearly flag on the shop drawings all changes showing the latest
revisions.

6.5 Drawings Submittals

6.5.1 A Shipping List (including total weight), a Bolt List, and a minimum
of two sets of final erection and shop drawings shall accompany the
first shipment of each release.

6.5.2 Design drawings including foundation loading diagrams shall be

provided for approval of the Buyer as specified in the Non-Material
Requirements, Form NMR-7927 attached to the Purchase Order.

6.5.3 The foundation loading diagram to be provided by the Vendor shall

show the type, size, location and projection of all anchor bolts for the
metal system components, and the minimum length and width of the
foundation required. Column reactions (magnitude and direction) and
minimum base plate dimensions shall also be included.

7 Inspection and Testing

7.1 All NDT procedures shall be submitted to the Inspection Department /

Operations Inspection Division (OID) ASNT Level-III for acceptance prior to
work commencing.

7.2 The Buyer has the Right to inspect all materials and workmanship, and shall have
unrestricted entry to the shop of the Fabricator at all times while work is being
performed. The Buyer may reject improper, inferior, defective, or unsuitable
materials and workmanship. All materials and workmanship rejected shall be
repaired or replaced by the Fabricator as directed by the Buyer. The company

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inspector shall have access to the vendor's facilities to see that SAES-H-100
quality elements are in place prior to and during blasting, priming and coating
operations.

7.3 The Inspection Test Plan (ITP) shall be provided for review and approval by the
company inspector.

7.4 Inspection and testing shall conform to this Specification and Saudi Aramco
Inspection Requirements Forms 175-120100 or 175-120500 attached to the
Purchase Order.

7.5 Welding procedures and individual welders shall be qualified in accordance with
the requirements of ANSI/AWS D1.1/D1.1M or ANSI/AWS D1.3 as
appropriate. All welding procedures and welding performance qualification
records shall be made available to the Buyer's Inspector for review.

7.6 Inspection of welding shall be performed in accordance with the Structural

Welding Code, ANSI/AWS D1.1/D1.1M. Ultrasonic testing may be substituted
for radiography if approved by Saudi Aramco Inspection.
a) All welds shall have 100% visual inspection performed per ANSI/AWS
D1.1. In addition, any strikes, gouges, and other indications of careless
workmanship (such as surface porosity) shall be removed by grinding.
b) Pipes used as piling (circumferential welds) and tubular structures shall be
randomly radiographed at the rate of 10% [one weld of each ten (10) welds
shall be 100% radiographed]. The specified amount of random
radiography shall include X-ray samples from each welder's daily
production.
c) The butt-welded flange sections for all primary load-bearing members
shall be 100% radiographed at the weld. Primary load-bearing members
shall be defined as the main frames and any members that are part of the
lateral load carrying system.
d) Secondary members such as purlins, girts or rafters that are not part of the
main sway frame, the butt-welds can be tested as follows; 10% of the butt-
welds of each days production (randomly selected) shall have radiographic
tests performed on the welds.
e) All lifting lug connections shall be 100% radiographed. Procedures and
operator qualifications shall meet ANSI/AWS D1.1 and be submitted to
the Company Inspector for review and approval. For Skid-mounted
equipment with a total lift weight of less than 3000 kg, it is acceptable to
use fillet-welded lugs with dye penetrant inspection.
f) The minimum percent coverage of the specified NDT method may be
increased (at any level up to 100%) if, in the opinion of the Company

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Inspector, the welds are of questionable workmanship or NDT indicates an

excessive number of defects. Additional or alternative NDT methods may
be used at the discretion of the Company Inspector in order to assist in
determining the type or extent of defects.

7.7 Material test reports for each heat of structural steel, each lot of high-strength
and ASTM A307 bolts shall be available for review by the Buyer. Material test
reports shall conform to EN 10204, Type 3.1.

7.8 The Buyer may require a quantity of representative samples of bolt assemblies
which the Fabricator shall supply to the Buyer for testing. Testing in accordance
with ASTM F606 or ASTM F606M will be at the Buyer's expense.

7.9 If any damage is discovered, or any parts, components, or documentation are

missing or otherwise defective, the occurrence shall be immediately reported to
the Buyer in writing.

7.10 Shop inspection may include, but not be limited to the following:

Verification of conformance of materials with this Specification and the

drawings. The limits of acceptability and repair of surface imperfections for
structural steel shall be in accordance with ASTM A6 / ASTM A6M.

7.11 Inspection of high-strength bolted connections shall be in accordance with AISC

Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or ASTM A490 Bolts.

7.12 The buyer reserves the right to inspect and reject all galvanized steel in
accordance with ASTM A123 and ASTM E376.

Revision Summary
28 April 2004 Major revision.
30 April 2005 Editorial revision; added requirements for fireproofed steel in Section 5.1 and updated
Appendix 1 with revised ASTM Material Equivalency.
7 May 2006 Editorial revision as marked.
3 September 2006 Editorial revision as marked.

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Appendix 1 – ASTM Material Equivalency

ASTM Materials EN Materials ISO Materials JIS Materials

ASTM A36/A36M EN 10025-2, Gr S275J0 ISO 630-95, E275 C G3106-95, SM490A
EN 10025-2, Gr S275JR
ASTM A53 ISO 9329-1, TS430 G3454-88, STPG 410
ISO 9330-1, TW430
ASTM A108, G1010 EN 10016-2, C10D ISO 4954, CC 11 X
G1015 EN 10016-2, C15D ISO 4954, CC 15 K
G1020 EN 10016-2, C20D ISO 4954, CC 21 K

ASTM A307 No Substitute No Substitute No Substitute

ASTM A325 No Substitute No Substitute No Substitute
ASTM A325M No Substitute ISO 7412 per ASTM A325M No Substitute
ASTM A500 EN 10219-1, S355J0H G3444-94, STK490
G3466-88, STKR490
ASTM A501 EN 10210-1, S275J0H G3444-94, STK490
G3466-88, STKR490
ASTM A563 No Substitute No Substitute No Substitute
ASTM A563M No Substitute ISO 4775 per ASTM A563M No Substitute
ASTM A1011/A1011M EN 10025-2, Gr S235JR ISO 3573, HR1 G3131, SPHC
ASTM A572/A572M, G50 EN 10025-2, Gr S355JR ISO 4950-2, E355DD G3106, SM490YA
G65 EN 10025-2, Gr S450JO ISO 4950-2, E460CC G3106, SM570
ASTM A759 None ISO 5003 E1101, E1103
ASTM A992/A992M EN 10025-2, Gr S355JR ISO 630-95, E355 C G3106, SM490YA
EN 10025-2, Gr S355J0 G3106, SM570
G3136

Note: The minimum published yield strength may vary based on the material thickness. Refer to the appropriate
material specification.

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