TECHNICAL INFORMATION GUIDE

Alcatel 1626 Light Manager

3AL 94521 AAAA TQZZA Ed. 2 It. 1

1
 CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................. 4

2. 1626 LIGHT MANAGER MAIN FEATURES................................................................................................ 5

3. 1626 LIGHT MANAGER NETWORK APPLICATIONS............................................................................. 7

3.1 EXISTING LINK UPGRADE ............................................................................................................................. 7
3.2 POINT-TO-POINT APPLICATION ..................................................................................................................... 7
3.3 MULTIPOINT-TO-MULTIPOINT APPLICATION ................................................................................................ 8
3.4 CPE APPLICATION ..................................................................................................................................... 10
4. 1626 LIGHT MANAGER REL. 1................................................................................................................... 11
4.1 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................................. 11
4.2 REL.1 BUILDING BLOCKS AND FUNCTIONALITIES ....................................................................................... 11
4.2.1 Shelf...................................................................................................................................................... 11
4.2.2 OLTE (Optical Line Terminal Equipment)........................................................................................... 12
4.2.3 B-OADM .............................................................................................................................................. 17
4.2.4 Datacom bit-rate support through the 4xany board............................................................................. 18
4.3 CONFIGURATIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 19
4.3.1 Upgrade of installed 1686WM links designed for 32 channels transmission @ 10 Gb/s..................... 19
4.3.2 Upgrade of installed 1640WM links TCS-based designed for 80 channels transmission @ 10 Gb/s .. 21
4.3.3 Upgrade of installed 1640WM links MDX-based designed for 80 channels transmission @ 10 Gb/s 23
4.3.4 New installations.................................................................................................................................. 24
4.3.5 Management......................................................................................................................................... 26
5. 1626 LIGHT MANAGER REL. 2................................................................................................................... 26
5.1 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................................. 26
5.2 REL.2 NEW BUILDING BLOCKS AND FUNCTIONALITIES ............................................................................... 27
5.2.1 Line amplifiers ..................................................................................................................................... 27
5.2.2 Automatic Power Shut-Down ............................................................................................................... 28
5.2.3 OSC ...................................................................................................................................................... 29
5.2.4 ULH performance optimized transponder............................................................................................ 30
5.2.5 Saturation wavelength (ALC)............................................................................................................... 30
5.2.6 G.709 management .............................................................................................................................. 31
5.2.7 Easy installation, provisioning and commissioning ............................................................................. 31
5.3 REL.2 NEW CONFIGURATIONS .................................................................................................................... 35
5.3.1 Stand alone system ............................................................................................................................... 35
5.3.2 Per Band dispersion compensation...................................................................................................... 37
6. FUTURE RELEASES...................................................................................................................................... 38
6.1 MUX/DEMUX ARCHITECTURE UPGRADE @ 25 GHZ .................................................................................. 39
6.2 ADDITIONAL SYSTEM FLEXIBILITY ............................................................................................................ 41
6.2.1 C-OADM .............................................................................................................................................. 41
6.2.2 X-OADM .............................................................................................................................................. 42
6.3 OMS AND 1+1 OPTICAL PROTECTIONS ...................................................................................................... 43
6.3.1 OMS protection .................................................................................................................................... 43
6.3.2 1+1 optical protection.......................................................................................................................... 43
6.4 CPE ........................................................................................................................................................... 44
6.5 40 GB/S OLTE ARCHITECTURE ................................................................................................................. 45
6.6 RAMAN AMPLIFICATION ............................................................................................................................ 47
6.7 AUTOMATIC GAIN EQUALIZATION (AGE)................................................................................................. 48
7. APPENDIX-CHANNEL GRID....................................................................................................................... 49

2
3
1. INTRODUCTION

The 1626 LIGHT MANAGER is a transmission system providing very high

bandwidth capacity through Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
technology. The system architecture is based on a scalable platform supporting
up to 192x10 Gbit/s channels, with 0 to 100% add/drop capability in the
OADM’s.
The 1626 LIGHT MANAGER is highly scalable thanks to a modular
Mux/Demux architecture based on 8 channels @ 50 GHz building blocks. A
“pay as you grow” approach is therefore possible, optimizing the system
configuration according to the customer initial capacity need.
The 1626 LIGHT MANAGER optical platform covers all the distance classes of
backbone transmission products, from Long Haul (LH) to the Ultra Long Haul
(ULH) through the Very Long Haul (VLH) as intermediate step.
The 1626 LIGHT MANAGER provides advanced functionalities streamlining
installation, commissioning and upgrading procedures. In particular by means
of the “Plug and Play mechanisms” and the “Self-Tuning procedures”, the
system allows a very fast and simple turn-up phase.
The end-to-end management of the optical layer according to G709/G798
standards allows the Quality-of-Service monitoring of each individual
wavelength all along its path.
In line with the Alcatel established practice the 1626 LIGHT MANAGER is
managed by means of the Alcatel NM system, providing a single
management solution including OMSN’s and XC.
The system provides the highest density level in the market, hosting 160
channels at 10Gb/s in just 3 standard racks.

4
2. 1626 LIGHT MANAGER MAIN FEATURES
! System capacity: the 1626 LIGHT MANAGER platform supports up to
192 channels at 10Gb/s in C-band with 25 GHZ spacing. The channel
grid is compliant with the ITU standard. The optical spectrum goes
from 1530nm to 1568.6nm. The 1626 LIGHT MANAGER platform is
compatible since R1 with the future introduction of 40Gb/s
transponders and 40Gb/s concentrator (4x10Gb/s)

! Transmission performances: the 1626 LIGHT MANAGER platform is

a single platform covering:
o Long Haul applications (LH) for distances up to 700km
o Very Long Haul applications (VLH) for distances up to 1500km
o Ultra Long Haul applications (ULH) for distances up to
4000km.

! Traffic Flexibility:
o 0 to 100% add/drop capability with the B-OADM node
o Reconfigurable C-OADM (Channel OADM)
o Ready to introduce wavelength switching functionality (ODU-2
based) on the add/drop wavelength by means of an X-OADM
node (planned in further releases)
o All-optical transparent switching with the TPXC (Transparent
Photonic Cross-Connect)
o 2.5Gb/s signals handled through 4x2.5Gb/s concentrator
o GbE signals handled through 4xany board

! Scalability
o “Pay as you grow” philosophy with a Mux/Demux granularity of
8 channels @ 50 GHz (Mux/Demux band architecture)
o Tunable laser allowing cost saving spare practice

! Extreme density
o Up to 16 bi-directional transponders in a single shelf
o 1 rack for up to 40 channels
o 3 racks for up to 160 channels

! Easy installation, provisioning and commissioning

5
 o Very easy installation, provisioning, commissioning (Plug-and-
Play equipment)
o Set of “self-tuning” procedures for automatic adjustment of
optical parameters

! Complete supervision and QoS assessment of the network

o Optical channels end-to-end monitoring through G709/G798
management.
o Performance Monitoring for each individual wavelength

! Integrated Network Management

o TL1 and Q3 management
o Managed by Alcatel 1353 SH and 1354 RM (Q3)
o Managed by Alcatel 1353 GEM (TL1)

! Mechanical practice
o Designed to be ETSI and NEBS compliant

6
3. 1626 LIGHT MANAGER NETWORK APPLICATIONS
The 1626 LIGHT MANAGER addresses all the different optical network
applications. It covers conventional point-to-point applications but also
multipoint-to-multipoint applications in mesh contexts as well as in ring
scenarios.

3.1 Existing link upgrade

In installed WDM links, where the channel count has not been completed, the
1626 LIGHT MANAGER transponders, with or without Mux/Demux units,
according to the configuration requirements, can be used to fill the systems
providing the following advantages:
! Improved equipment density
! G.709 optical layer management
! Possible improvement in total channel count thanks to the enhanced
FEC capability
This possibility applies to Alcatel WDM installed systems and other vendors
WDM equipments as well.

3.2 Point-to-point application

The 1626 LIGHT MANAGER can be used in all conventional point-to-point
applications. Two main network elements are present in this application: the
terminal that multiplexes and de-multiplexes the tributaries signals and the line
repeater that amplifies the optical aggregate signal without the need of optical
to electrical conversion.

Transponders

Booster Pre-amplifier

Tx Rx
DCU

DCU

DCU
DCU

DCU

Tx Rx

Optical Line Terminal: Optical Line Optical Line Terminal:

Transmitter Repeater Receiver

Figure 1: Point-to-point application

7
The Tx transponder is the first unit of the system transmission chain; it converts
the B&W signals coming from client’s equipments into colored ones with the
required optical characteristics for WDM transmission.
The Multiplexer unit is able to multiplex up to 192 channels in the C-band,
providing the optical aggregate to be transmitted into the optical line.
The Booster amplifies the signal to increase its optical power in order to feed
the optically amplified line with the appropriate power level.
During propagation, the signal optical power decreases because of the
attenuation of the fiber. To cope with this effect, optical line amplifiers are
deployed along the link in order to periodically amplify the signal.
At the receive end of the system, the signal is first amplified with a preamplifier,
then, the Demultiplexer separates all the wavelengths to be sent to the
appropriate Rx transponder, performing the conversion to B&W signal.
Colored signals coming from external Alcatel equipments (i.e. ADM/OMSN or
DXC/OMSG) can be directly connected to the system Mux/Demux optical units
without any regeneration. This provides a cost optimized solution compared to
standard B&W connections.

3.3 Multipoint-to-multipoint application

The 1626 LIGHT MANAGER architecture provides different configurations,

which can be used depending on the span design or the need of channel
flexibility, to enable multipoint-to-multipoint applications. In particular, through
the adoption of different building blocks, the B-OADM (Band-OADM), the C-
OADM (Channel-OADM) and the X-OADM configurations can be implemented.
The B-OADM provides the capability to add/drop up to 100% of the transmitted
link traffic. The add/drop is performed with 7 wavelengths @ 50 GHz grid band
granularity (14 wavelenghts @25 GHz grid). All the bands that are not
extracted are in complete pass-trough, without any regeneration.

Figure 2: Band-OADM

8
Transmit and Receive transponder units, located in OADM station, are the
same ones used in the Terminal applications.

The C-OADM provides the capability to add/drop up to 100% of the transmitted

link traffic, with single channel granularity and SW re-configurable.

Figure 3: Channel-OADM

The X-OADM architecture is designed in order to provide higher flexibility

compared to the typical OADM’s implementation, based on wavelength
add/drop and pass-through functionalities. This is achieved by means of the
matrix functionality on the add/drop wavelengths, meanwhile keeping the
possibility to configure pass-through channels without 3R processing.

Figure 4: X-OADM architecture

The X-OADM is designed for sites with medium-low traffic needs, where
standard OXC would be over-sized and not cost-optimized.

9
3.4 CPE application
In some network architectures the possibility to perform a first traffic
aggregation step in sites far from the system terminals contributes to the
network cost optimization.
This functionality can be performed with the 1626 LIGHT MANAGER exploiting
the Mux/Demux structure. One or more channel bands can be installed in the
remote sites to provide the aggregation functionality where required. These
multiplexed channels can then be connected directly to the terminal equipment
without additional 3R regeneration points as per block diagram reported
hereafter.
Tx

Tx

Remote site with

traffic aggregation

Terminal Terminal

Tx Rx
DCU DCU DCU
DCU
Tx DCU

Rx

Remote site with

Tx

Tx

traffic aggregation

Figure 5: CPE configuration

10
4. 1626 LIGHT MANAGER REL. 1

4.1 Overview
The 1626 LIGHT MANAGER Rel. 1 is focused on providing a smooth product
introduction path into the customer installed base.
This is realized by providing both the upgrade functionality of Alcatel and other
vendors installed WDM links, and the possibility to install new systems using
the 1626 LIGHT MANAGER building blocks together with the 1640 WM or the
1686WM line transmission equipment.
The existing links upgrade with the 1626LM is described later on in this section.
The actual upgrade architecture depends on the installed systems optical
characteristics, in any case the 1626 LIGHT MANAGER equipment is managed
as a separate NE.
The Rel.1 building blocks and configurations are described in the following. The
Band amplifier (BOFA) is needed only for links where additional system
margins are required; it is not needed, for example, for standard LH links. For
this reason it is reported in dotted line in the following diagrams.

4.2 Rel.1 building blocks and functionalities

4.2.1 Shelf

A completely new and compact shelf is designed to host all the system
boards; in the following figure the shelf front and side view are reported.

11
 Front view Side view
500 mm 280 mm

P
P
W
W
R
R

466 mm
466 mm

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Fan Fan Fan

250 mm

Figure 6: 1626LM shelf view

! The slots 3 to 18 (25 mm wide) are designed to host one full

height board or two reduced height boards (in blue and yellow)
! The power supplies are installed in the two upper corners (PWR
boards)
! The slot 1-2 and 19-20 (20 mm wide) are dedicated to a subset
of boards, for example equipment controller and the Band
amplifier.
In particular up to 16 transponders can be installed in slot 3 to 18,
providing the highest system density for WDM systems.
The shelf can be installed in a standard 600x300 mm rack.

4.2.2 OLTE (Optical Line Terminal Equipment)

The OLTE equipment introduced in Rel.1 includes:

! the Mux/Demux architecture.
! the 10 Gb/s transponders
! the 4x2.5 Gb/s concentrator
With this equipment it’s possible to upgrade the WDM links already
deployed and to install new systems adding the 1640WM or the
1686WM transmission equipment: OSC, line amplifiers, ALC etc.

12
 In the following figure the 1626 LIGHT MANAGER Rel.1 OLTE block
diagram is reported for both 8 and 80 installed channels. The system
modular architecture is enabled by a multiplexing/demultiplexing
scheme based on bands. In the following figures the block diagrams
are uni-directional for the sake of clarity, but actually all the mux/demux
boards are bi-directional, including both Mux and Demux functionalities.
The Multiplexing/Demultiplexing architecture is based on a Band
Mux/Demux (BMDX board) able to multiplex/demultiplex 10 bands,
each containing up to 8 optical channels, and on 10 Channel
Mux/Demux (CMDX boards) managing the channels within each band.
The basic advantage of this approach is that the number of CMDX
boards to be installed can be optimised according to the needed initial
system capacity. Additional CMDX boards can be installed later on to
increase the channel count, according to customer plans, without
affecting the existing traffic.

1 10Gb/s
10Gb/s 1 TPD
TPD CMDX CMDX
1
λ
1
BMDX DMUX
λ BMDX 1:8 8 10Gb/s
MUX Band OFA TPD
8:1 Band
10Gb/s 8 band
TPD MUX DMUX
10:1 1:10
1:10

10 10

Figure 7: OLTE Mux/Demux and transponders in Rel.1 for 8 chs

1 10Gb/s
10Gb/s 1 TPD
TPD
CMDX CMDX
1
λ 1 λ
MUX DMUX
8:1 BMDX BMDX 1:8 8 10Gb/s
Band OFA
TPD
10Gb/s 8
TPD Band band
MUX DMUX
10 10 :1 1:10

10

10Gb/s 1
TPD 1 10Gb/s
CMDX
TPD
CMDX
λ
MUX
8:1 λ
DMUX
10Gb/s 8 1:8 8 10Gb/s
TPD Band OFA TPD

Figure 8: OLTE Mux/Demux and transponders in Rel.1 for 80 chs

13
The Rel.1 transponder/concentrator set includes:
! a NRZ cost optimised transponder for LH applications, with
B&W VSR 2000-2R1 interface, WDM ILM Tx (Integrated Laser
Modulator based on electro-absorption) and WDM APD-based
Rx. The WDM Tx is tuneable over 2 wavelengths.
! a NRZ performance optimised transponder for VLH
applications, with B&W VSR 2000-2R1 interface, WDM TX with
external MZ modulator and WDM APD-based Rx. The WDM Tx
is tuneable over the full C-Band.
! a NRZ 4x2.5 Gb/s concentrator with B&W plug-in S-16.1
interface , WDM TX with external MZ modulator and WDM
APD-based Rx. The WDM Tx is tunable over the full C-Band.

From the G.709 implementation point of view, the system core is

represented by the 1626LM 10 Gbs transponders and concentrators
HW, providing a future-proof platform based on:
! Completely new design based on Alcatel Smeraldo ASIC,
providing full G.709 frame management capability.
! Transponder/Concentrator HW delivering both UNI and NNI
B&W interfaces toward the client side (in R1 UNI interface
managed)
! Fully transparent 4x2.5 Gb/s concentration function, G.709
compliant.
! Colored NNI interfaces: OTU-2 (10.709)
! Enhanced FEC algorithm on colored interface to boost span
reach
! WDM receiver threshold optimisation
! Electrical loop-backs for easy system testing.
The transponders HW design is compliant with full G.709 management
and enables gradual G.709 new features support through simple SW
upgrades.
In order to keep a continuity path wrt the pre-OTN Alcatel WDM
systems (1686WM and 1640WM), the 1626LM Rel.1 supports:
! Client side PM based on B1 and J0 n.i.m. and threshold
crossing alarm based on B1 errors count.
! Performance monitoring and threshold crossing alarms at
transmission section level based on FEC corrected/uncorrected
errors.

In the following figures the transponder and concentrator block

diagrams are reported.

14
The client interface Processing The WDM line interface

Colored
laser

Rx Tx

Client WDM line

interface Smeraldo interface

Tx Rx

Control / Monitor

Figure 9: Transponder block diagram

The client interface Processing The WDM line interface

Colored
laser

i/o
4x 2.5Gb/s Tx
Client i/o WDM line
interface Smeraldo interface
i/o
Rx
i/o

Control / Monitor

Figure 10: 4x2.5 Gb/s concentrator block diagram

15
For both the transponders and the Concentrator the HW core structure
consists in four main blocks: the B&W optical module, the WDM optical
module, the Smeraldo ASIC providing the signal processing capability
(FEC, PM etc.) and the control/monitor block.
The new Smeraldo ASIC enhanced FEC performances are shown in
the following figure.

•Black curve NO FEC

•Red curve: standard ITU-T FEC algorithm
•Blue curve: improved FEC algorithm implemented in the 1626 Light Manager

Figure 11: Enhanced FEC performances

Generally, in the 1626 LIGHT MANAGER first shelf up to 8

transponders (TRBD in the following diagram) can be installed and up
to 16 transponders can be installed in the second, third etc.
The following figure shows the typical OLTE shelf configuration, where:
! PSUP # Power Supply
! RAIU # Rack Alarm Interface Unit
! ESCTL1000 # Equipment and Shelf ConTroLler
! CMDX1010 # Channel Mux/DemuX (8ch. @ 50 GHz)
! BMDX1000 # Band Mux/DemuX for OLTE
! BOFA # Band Optical Fiber Amplifier
! TRBD # TRiButary Direct (Transponder @ 10 Gb/s))

16
 ! TRBC # TRiButary Concentrator (4x2.5 Gb/s)

80 chs configuration

Blank
PSUP

PSUP
RAIU

BMDX1000
Blank
Blank
Blank
Blank

Blank
Blank

Blank

TRBD

TRBD
TRBD
TRBD

TRBD
TRBD

TRBD
TRBD
ESCTL1000
PDU PDU PDU

CMDX1010
Blank
Blank
CIU Shelf
TRIB Shelf TRIB Shelf
Fan 8λ 16 λ
FANS
Line Shelf
TRIB Shelf TRIB Shelf
Air Defl. 16 λ 8λ

TRIB Shelf w/
MDX4* board
PSUP

PSUP
TRIB Shelf

Blank
RAIU

16 λ
Fan
TRBD
TRBD
TRBD

TRBD

TRBD

TRBD
TRBD
TRBD

TRBD
TRBD
TRBD
TRBD

TRBD

TRBD
TRBD

TRBD
ESCTL1000
CMDX1010

Blank
CMDX1010
TRIB Shelf
16 λ

1640WM items from previous releases 1626LM R.1 new items FANS

Figure 12: 80 chs configuration in Rel.1 – example with 1640WM line

4.2.3 B-OADM

The 1626 LIGHT MANAGER band architecture is well suited to provide

a Band-OADM (B-OADM) solution allowing scalable and cost-effective
0 to 100% add/drop capability.
The B-OADM architecture is directly derived from the OLTE one, with
just the introduction of a modified band Mux/Demux (BMDX1100)
enabling a cross-talk free pass-through functionality at band level. For
this reason the OADM architecture supports up to 7 channels, 50 GHz
spaced, per band.
The B-OADM block diagram is reported in the following figure.

17
 OADM Band structure
10 Gbs
10 Gbs Band 1 Band 2 Band 3

1 7 1 7
1:8
CMDX 1:8 CMDX

Band λ1 λ7 λ9 λ15 λ17 λ23

OFA Wavelengths

OADM-BMDX 1 1 OADM-BMDX

ban
DMUX Band
1:12 MUX
12:1

12 12

Figure 13: B-OADM block diagram (see appendix for the exact list of
channels skipped with B-OADM)

Up to 7 channels can be transmitted in each band, for a maximum total

capacity of 70 channels on 10 bands in Rel.1, the capacity is be
extended to 84 channels on 12 bands in Rel.2.

4.2.4 Datacom bit-rate support through the 4xany board

The 1626LM supports the transmission and aggregation of Datacom

bit-rates connecting the 4xany board of the 1696MS to the 4x2.5 Gb/s
concentrator. In this way, for example, up to 8xGbE can be aggregated
in a single 10 Gb/s signal.
The 4xAny TDM concentrator can multiplex in the time domain up to 4
signals into one single 2.5 Gb/s optical channel. Concentration provides
cost-efficient transport for low bit rate traffic by reducing the number of
required optical channels, thereby minimizing the number of
transponders and the size of the mux/demux architecture. The datacom
signals are connected to plug-in cartridges.
Instead of dedicated solutions for SDH/SONET and datacom, this
4xAny TDM concentrator represents a truly universal concentrator that
allows to mix SDH/SONET traffic and datacom traffic flexibly into a
single 2.5 Gb/s channel. For instance, it can be used to aggregate a
STM-1/OC-3, an ESCON and a GbE into a single 2.5 Gb/s channel.
The output of a 4xAny TDM concentrator is a standard STM-16/OC-48.
A full interworking is therefore possible between traffic aggregated by
the 4xAny in the WDM layer and the SDH/SONET layer. This
interworking provides telecom operators with:

18
 ! cost saving: the optical channels originating from a 4xAny
TDM card being STM-16s/OC-48s can go through a
SDH/SONET network without requiring the use of 4xAny for
deconcentration
! flexibility: a SDH/SONET equipment can be used in any
network node to provide flexibility not only of the SDH/SONET
services but also of the datacom services, allowing dynamic
and individual re-routing of these services in the network.

1696MS 4xany concentrator 1626LM 4x2.5 Gb.s concentrator

STM-16

STM-16

ESCON GbE 2.5

STM-16

STM-16

STM-4 FE

All client interfaces are plug-in for both the 4xany and the 4x2.5 Gb/s
concentrators

Figure 14: Datacom aggregation and transmission in 1626LM R.1

In further product releases (after R.2) the 4xany TDM concentrator

integrated in the 1626LM system will be also available.

4.3 Configurations

4.3.1 Upgrade of installed 1686WM links designed for 32 channels

transmission @ 10 Gb/s

Two possible architectures can be applied to the upgrade of 1686WM-

installed system, depending on the specific link characteristics.

19
 First architecture: the 1626 LIGHT MANAGER Transponders and
Mux/Demux are used. This upgrade configuration is possible when only
one 1686WM Mux/Demux is installed, allowing the connection of the
1626 LIGHT MANAGER Mux/Demux to the unused port of the 1686
WM expansion board. In this way it’s possible to increase the number
of channels transmitted to more than 32 thanks to the improved
performances of the 1626 LIGHT MANAGER transponders. This is
realized filling the available 1686WM band (usually the Blue one) with
50 GHz spaced channels.
This block diagram is reported in the following figure.

Blue: legacy 1686 boards

Yellow: new 1626 LM boards

1686-10 1686-10
Gb/s 1 1 Gb/s

OMDX 16
OMDX 16

100 Ghz
16 1
1686-10 6 1686-10
Gb/s Gb/s
EXP
EXP

1626- CMDX 1626-

TRBD 1 1 TRBD
CMDX

8 8
1626- 1626-
BMDX
BMDX

TRBD TRBD
50
1626- Ghz 1626-
1 TRBD
CMDX

TRBD 1
CMDX

8 8
1626- 1626-
TRBD TRBD
New NE New NE

Figure 15: first 1686WM upgrade architecture

Second architecture: the transponders are directly connected to the

1686 WM mux/Demux. This configuration can be used to exploit the
already installed Mux/Demux boards.

20
 Blue: legacy 1686 boards
Yellow: new 1626 LM boards
1686-10 1686-10
Gb/s Gb/s
1 1

OMDX 16
OMDX 16

16
16
1626- 1626-
TRBD TRBD

EXP

EXP
New NE New NE

1626- 1626-
TRBD TRBD
1

OMDX 16
OMDX 16

16
1626- 16 1626-
TRBD TRBD

Figure 16: second 1686WM upgrade architecture

4.3.2 Upgrade of installed 1640WM links TCS-based designed for 80

channels transmission @ 10 Gb/s

In order to upgrade an existing 1640WM links equipped with TCS-

based Mux/Demux it is necessary to connect the 1626 LIGHT
MANAGER transponders and Mux/Demux to the TCS 401, using the
optical ports normally reserved for the TCS 302. For this reason only
systems with up to 40 channels already installed can be upgraded.
The upgrade architecture block diagram is reported in the following
figure.

21
 Blue: legacy 1640 boards
Yellow: new 1626 LM boards

1640-10 TCS401 TCS401 1640-10

Gb/s 1 100 1 Gb/s
Ghz
8:1

8:1
8 8
1640-10 1640-10

5:1
5:1

Gb/s Gb/s

2:1
2:1

50
Ghz

1626-
TRBD 1
CMDX

1626-

CMDX
1 TRBD
8
1626-
BMDX

TRBD 50 8
1626-

BMDX
Ghz TRBD
1626-
TRBD 1 1626-
CMDX

1 TRBD

CMDX
8
1626-
8
TRBD New NE 1626-
TRBD
New NE

Figure 17: 1640WM TCS-based upgrade architecture

For 1640WM TCS-based systems with low number of installed

channels the overall density improvement enabled by the upgrade is
considerable. This is highlighted in the following figure, where a
footprint comparison is reported between the standard 1640WM
practice and the upgrade with 1626 LIGHT MANAGER, starting from a
1640WM system with 8 channels installed.

22
 Shelf dimensions
600 mm 600 mm

300 mm
1626 Shelf
600 mm

1640 Shelf 1640WM - 80 chs

1640 Rack 1640 Rack 1640 Rack 1640 Rack

1640 Rack Upgrade

1640WM+1626LM - 80 chs
1640WM - 8 chs
1626 Rack
1640 Rack
1626 Rack

Figure 18: footprint advantage of the upgrade architecture vs 1640WM

The achievable footprint reduction is 50% in this case.

4.3.3 Upgrade of installed 1640WM links MDX-based designed for 80

channels transmission @ 10 Gb/s

The 1640WM MDX-based Mux/Demux architecture consists of two

groups of 40 channels, 100 GHz spaced, interleaved in order to create
an 80-channels comb with 50 GHz spacing. The boards MDX342 and
343 provide the 40 channels groups and the board MDX441
implements the interleaving functionality.
The upgrade consists in connecting the 1626LM TRBD directly to the
1640 MDX3 boards.
The upgrade block diagram scheme is reported in the following figure.

23
1640-10 Gb/s 1640-10 Gb/s
1 1

MDX 3x2

MDX 3x2
40 40
1626-TRBD 1626-TRBD

MDX 4x1

MDX 4x1
1626-TRBD 1626-TRBD
1 1
MDX 3x3

MDX 3x3
40 40
1626-TRBD 1626-TRBD

New NE New NE

Blue: legacy 1640 boards

Yellow: new 1626 LM boards

Figure 19: 1640WM MDX-based upgrade architecture

4.3.4 New installations

For new links the 1626 LIGHT MANAGER Rel.1 system can be used
together with the 1640WM or the 1686WM line transmission equipment
to provide an effective solution based on:
! High density
! Improved performances thanks to the enhanced FEC
! Improved scalability
! G.709 compliance
! 0 to 100% add/drop capability

The block diagram of a link example with 1 OADM is reported in the

following figure. For the sake of clarity just one direction is shown.

24
 1626 LIGHT MANAGER

10 Gbs 10 Gbs

1 7
1 7
1:8
1:8
CMDX

Band OFA
CMDX 1 10Gb/s
10Gb/s 1 TPD
TPD

CMDX
CMDX

1
1 1 1
8 10Gb/s
Band OFA TPD

BMDX
BMDX

10Gb/s 8
TPD
10

10 10
10

OADM- OADM-
10Gb/s 1
1640WM BMDX BMDX
1640WM
TPD 1 10Gb/s
TPD
CMDX

CMDX
10Gb/s 8 8 10Gb/s
TPD Band OFA TPD

Figure 20: new installation example with 1626 LM Rel.1 and 1640WM
transmission line – 80 chs

1626 LIGHT MANAGER

10Gb/s
10Gb/s TPD
TPD
10Gb/s
OMDX

10Gb/s
OMDX

TPD TPD

10Gb/s
TPD
10Gb/s
TPD EXP OADM EXP

10Gb/s
TPD 10Gb/s
TPD
OMDX
OMDX

10Gb/s 10Gb/s
TPD TPD

1686WM
equipment

Figure 21: new installation example with 1626LM Rel.1 and 1686WM
transmission line – 32 chs

25
 4.3.5 Management

The 1626 LIGHT MANAGER is designed as a global WDM product.

Both Q3 and TL1 management interfaces are therefore provided as
shown in the following diagram.

Main/ Spare OS Craft Terminal

LA LA

Network Management
Interface

TL1 Or Q3
Ethernet port
Serial port

AgentEquipment
DCN & EOW Interface

1626 LM House keeping

Figure 22: management architecture

5. 1626 LIGHT MANAGER REL. 2

5.1 Overview
The 1626 LIGHT MANAGER Rel.2 is focused in the introduction of the building
blocks necessary to complete what already introduced in Rel.1 in order to
provide:
! complete stand-alone systems with overall optimized footprint
! ULH performances
! NNI G.709 interface allowing end-to-end optical path management
! Automatic Pre-emphasis Adjustment (APA) to greatly streamline and
speed-up the system commissioning procedures.
In the remaining of this section the Rel.2 new system building blocks,
configurations and functionalities are described.

26
5.2 Rel.2 new building blocks and functionalities

5.2.1 Line amplifiers

The introduction of the optical line amplifiers to be used as boosters,

repeaters and pre-amplifiers is the main step enabling the 1626 LIGHT
MANAGER installation as stand-alone system.
In order to optimize the system transmission according to the different
span attenuations present in the optical networks, two different amplifier
types are introduced in Rel. 2:
! An amplifier optimized for long spans with 28 dB nominal gain
and 9 dB interstage
! An amplifier optimized for shorter spans with 22 dB nominal
gain and 9 dB interstage

The two amplifiers can be mixed along the transmission line according
to the span length distribution.
To further optimise the amplifier performances, the mid-stage
attenuation is adjustable, to reach the best working point according to
the link characteristics.

Optical amplifier

DC
VOA

Figure 23: EDFA implementation, the VOA is allows the mid-stage

attenuation adjustment.

27
 In each double-stage amplifiers, a variable component is inserted at the
output of the first stage. The goal of the variable optical attenuator
(VOA, in green in the above drawing) located at the inter-stage is to
keep the output spectrum flat over a large range of operating gain. The
operating gain of the amplifiers varies according to the number of
loaded channels; in addition, for any type of fiber, the span loss
increases during the life of the system. This is mainly due to the repairs
that may occur after a fiber break. Typically, the End Of Life (EOL) loss
can be 1dB up to 3dB higher than the Beginning Of Life (BOL) loss.
The adaptation of the amplifier inter-stage greatly contributes to keep
the performance of the system within the specifications despite this
fiber degradation.

5.2.2 Automatic Power Shut-Down

When the optical transmission fiber breaks an automatic procedure is

activated to shutdown the optical amplifiers belonging to the affected
optical transmission section according to the G.664 recommendation.
This procedure is described in the following diagram

APSD per Optical Transmission Section (OTS)

(2) LOS detection

OFA#1 OFA#2

(1) Failure

(3) Shut Down

(5) Shut Down Command Command

OFA#4 OFA#3

(4) LOS detection

Figure 24: APSD in case of fibre break

The 1626LM R.2 is classified as hazard level 1M according to the

recommendation IEC60825.

28
 5.2.3 OSC

With the line amplifiers introduction the 1626 LIGHT MANAGER can be
installed as a stand-alone system. In order to supervise all the NE
along a WDM transmission path, without relying on an external DCN,
an additional optical channels @ 4 Mb/s, called Optical Supervisory
Channel (OSC), is provided.
This extra channel is transmitted outside the amplifier transmission
bandwidth; in this way the system supervision keeps working also in
case of amplifier failure, reporting all the relevant transmission alarms.
In the 1626 LIGHT MANAGER the OSC wavelength is 1510 nm. This
channel is added/dropped in each NE along the transmission line,
providing a communication link within the system. In this way the
external DCN, necessary to connect the WDM system to the NM, can
reach just one of the system OLTE, receiving the supervision
information concerning the whole transmission line through the OSC.
In the following figure the OSC functionality is reported.

Optical Line Terminal: Optical Line Optical Line Terminal:

Transmitter Repeater Receiver

Tx Rx
DC DC DC
U U U

Tx Rx

OSC Tx OSC Rx/Tx OSC Rx

1510nm 1510nm 1510nm

System System System

Processor
Processor Processor

Network Network
management management

Figure 25: system supervision through the OSC

The optical supervisory channel holds all the information for the in-line
amplifiers management, distant line terminal or OADM management,
auxiliary channels for data transmission, Engineering Order Wire and
voice channels. It provides the support of a DCC enabling remote user-
access from any site to all other sites. The OSC conveys a supervision
frame that contains a set of bytes dedicated to the telecommunication
management, including provisioning and equipment configuration. In
addition, the frame structure reserves some bytes for the customer
specific needs.
In R.2 the EOW functionality, allowing phone call capability, is provided.
In later releases the OSC will also support up to 4x64 Kbit/s user data
channels and 1x2 Mb/s clear channel.

29
5.2.4 ULH performance optimized transponder

With the introduction of this new transponder the full range of

applications from LH to ULH is available.
This new board shares the HW architecture with the transponders
introduced since Rel.1. The additional performance improvement
comes from the implementation of the RZ modulation format on the
WDM tunable Tx. On the client side a B&W S-64.2 interface is
implemented.

5.2.5 Saturation wavelength (ALC)

During the life of a high capacity WDM system the transmitted channel
number can vary to a large extent. This is mainly due to the fact that the
first installed channel number can be quite low compared to the system
maximum capacity. It’s therefore necessary to keep the channels power
within the correct transmission limits whatever their actual number.
This adjustment is called Automatic Level Control (ALC) and it is
performed by means of an extra channel that allows keeping the total
optical power constant at the input of the booster whatever the number
of channel is.
At first installation, if the system is loaded with a small number of
channels, the ALC channel compensates for this absence and
automatically adjusts at a high level. This level will automatically
decrease during the addition of new working channels; this capacity
upgrade will therefore not introduce any penalty on the working
channels.
A dedicated board that is directly connected to the BMDX in the OLTE
provides the ALC functionality.

30
 10Gb/s 1
TPD

1
CMDX
8:1

10Gb/s 8
TPD BMDX DC
6 10 :1
ALC
Booster

10

Figure 26: ALC connection in the 1626 LIGHT MANAGER OLTE (example)

5.2.6 G.709 management

The 1626LM R.2 supports all the features implemented in R.1, with the
implementation of the following new functionalities:
! Optical supervisory channel (OSC) management.
! NNI interfaces management.
! ODU-AIS maintenance signal.
! The G.709 clear channels GCC1 and GCC2 (dedicated bytes
in the ODU overhead) are managed to provide a 2Mb/s clear
channel per 10 Gb/s transmitted channel, to pass information
between any two NE with access to the ODU frame
The new transponder features are introduced without adding any new
HW thanks to the 1626 LIGHT MANAGER transponder HW
architecture, fully G.709 compliant since Rel.1.

5.2.7 Easy installation, provisioning and commissioning

WDM systems have become more and more powerful in terms of

system bandwidth capacity and transmission distance.

31
These achievements, nevertheless, also result in complex installation
and commissioning activities. This is why it’s important to provide
functionalities enabling simple and fast system configuration and
optimisation.
The 1626 LIGHT MANAGER Rel.2 the implements the following
functionalities dedicated to installation and system commissioning:
! Automatic Pre-emphasis Adjustment (APA) based on remote
BER measurement: this functionality relies on the BER/channel
measured in the far-end transponders to optimise the pre-
emphasis of the transmitted channels. This implementation has
the following advantages compared to OSNR-based
optimisation techniques:
o It provides cost saving because all the needed HW is
already implemented on the transponders, no
embedded OSA is necessary.
o It is more efficient because the BER measurement is
the best way to precisely assess the real transmission
performances.
The two following steps activated in series enable the APA:
o Step 1: the channels power is progressively increased
until a measurable BER is reached on all channels.
o Step 2: the channels power is finely tuned according to
the BER measured at the receivers
The APA procedure is implemented by means of the APA
manager, located in one of the Line Terminals. All BER
measurements are sent to the APA manger that calculates the
optimum Tx transmission power.

32
 Tx Tx
Rx Rx
APA
manager
Rx Rx
Tx Tx

Figure 27: APA procedure

! Easy board configuration

! The control of per channel-power is one of the key parameter in
DWDM transmission (see following figure); this functionality is
performed through several adjustments:
o The optical amplifiers can be tuned over a wide optical
power range to optimise the system performances
according to the link characteristics and channel load.
o ALC
o Inter-stage adjustment: the interstage is adjustable
through an embedded VOA to keep the amplifier
working point in the optimum range.

33
 Upper limitation due to
Rx overload and non-linear
effects within line fiber
Per channel power

Lower limitation due to

minimum OSNR target
and Rx sensitivity

Wavelength (nm)

Figure 28: The issue of the control of per channel-power

34
 5.3 Rel.2 new configurations

5.3.1 Stand alone system

With the introduction of the line transmission equipment the installation

of pure 1626 LIGHT MANAGER links, including OLTE, Line Repeaters
(LR) and OADM Repeaters (OR) is possible. A typical system
configuration is reported in the figure below; just one direction is shown
for the sake of simplicity.

OR

OLTE OLTE
10 Gbs 10 Gbs

1 7
1 7
1:8
1:8
CMDX
Band OFA

CMDX 1 10Gb/s
10Gb/s 1 TPD
TPD

CMDX
CMDX

1
1 1 1
8 10Gb/s
Band OFA TPD
BMDX
BMDX

10Gb/s 8
TPD
10

10 10
10

OADM- OADM-
10Gb/s 1 BMDX BMDX
TPD 1 10Gb/s
TPD
CMDX

CMDX

10Gb/s 8 8 10Gb/s
TPD Band OFA TPD

LR

Figure 29: 1626 LIGHT MANAGER Rel.2, example o stand-alone

configuration

35
 Rel.2: 1626LM 80 chs configuration

PDU PDU

PSUP
PSUP
RAIU

OSCU
LOFA

LOFA
BMDX1000
Master Transponder

TRBD
ALCT

TRBD
TRBD

TRBD
TRBD
TRBD

TRBD
TRBD
shelf 8 λ shelf 16 λ
ESCTL1000

CMDX1010
BOFA
Fans Fans

Transponder Transponder
FANS shelf 16 λ shelf 16 λ
Fans Fans
PSUP

PSUP
PSUP
PSUP
RAIU

Transponder Transponder
shelf 16 λ shelf 8 λ
Fans Fans
TRBD

TRBD
TRBD

TRBD
TRBD

TRBD
TRBD
TRBD
TRBD

TRBD

TRBD
TRBD

TRBD

TRBD
TRBD
TRBD
ESCTL1000
CMDX1010

CMDX1010
BOFA

DCM

FANS

Figure 30: OLTE 80 chs configuration in Rel.2 with line transmission

boards

36
5.3.2 Per Band dispersion compensation

The chromatic dispersion accumulated by the optical signals

transmitted through optical fibres must be accurately compensated to
achieve the required system BER.
Usually dispersion-compensating modules based on special fibers are
used to perform this functionality. These modules compensate the
chromatic dispersion, with certain tolerances, that increase with the
number of modules in the link, and are installed in the inter-stages of
the amplifiers.
In order to reach ULH transmission distances it’s necessary to
compensate the CD compensation errors by means of an additional
dispersion compensation performed at band level in the OLTE. This
technique is called Per Band Dispersion Compensation (PBDC).
The modular 1626 LIGHT MANAGER Mux/Demux architecture is
particularly suited for the implementation of the PBDC. This is shown in
the following diagram where the OLTE Rx structure with PBDC is
reported.

Additional compensation at band level

1 10Gb/s
TPD

1 CMDX
DC 8:1

8 10Gb/s
Band OFA Band OFA
TPD

DC
BMDX

Pre-amplifier
10 1 10Gb/s
TPD

Band OFA
DC CMDX
8:1
Band OFA 8 10Gb/s
TPD

Additional compensation at band level

Figure 31: PBDC architecture

37
6. FUTURE RELEASES
The 1626 LIGHT MANAGER architecture is open to the introduction of further
advanced functionalities to satisfy the network evolutions:
! The Rel.1/2 Mux/Demux structure allows the introduction of the
25 GHz grid through the simple introduction of an interleaver
board.
! Additional OADM flexibility can be obtained by means of a new
channel-OADM (C-OADM) design allowing re-configurable
add/drop functionality at single channel level.
! The 1626 LIGHT MANAGER modular architecture allows an
easy migration from the Rel.1/2 OADM node structure to more
complex implementations, including matrix functionalities on
the added/dropped wavelengths (X-OADM).
! OMS and 1+1 optical protections
! The system band architecture lends itself to the implementation
of CPE application through remote traffic aggregation at band
level.
! Transmission at 40 Gb/s can be implemented by dedicating
bands to the channels at such bit-rate. In this case up to 4
channels/band @ 40 Gb/s, 100 GHz spaced, can be supported.
! Transmission distances can be further improved, introducing
dedicated Raman amplification modules and Automatic Gain
Flattening (AGE) capability.
! The transponder HW architecture allows an easy introduction
of new B&W client interfaces, according to the customer
requirements, and additional concentration functionality of Gbe
signals.

38
 6.1 Mux/Demux architecture upgrade @ 25 GHz
Starting from the C-Band 50 GHz channel grid available in Rel.1/2, the system
capacity can be doubled by interleaving two 50 Ghz grids to implement 25 GHz
channel spacing. For new installations this is possible with just one interleaver
in each OLTE for the whole channel comb; for already installed systems the 25
GHz grid can be enabled on a per band basis, without affecting the channels in
service.
The interleaver position in the system is described in the following diagrams for
OLTE and OR respectively.

10Gb/s 1 1 10Gb/s
TPD BOFA TPD
CMDX

CMDX
1 1
BMDX

BMDX

10Gb/s 8 1 1 8 10Gb/s
TPD TPD
12
12 25GHz 25GHz
DC DC

2 Booster Preamplifier 2
10Gb/s 1 1 10Gb/s
TPD BOFA TPD
CMDX

CMDX

1 1
BMDX

BMDX

10Gb/s 8 8 10Gb/s
TPD TPD
12
12

Figure 32: OLTE 25GHZ architecture-new installations

39
 1 10Gb/s
10Gb/s 1 BOFA TPD
TPD

CMDX
CMDX

1
1

BMDX
8 10Gb/s

BMDX
10Gb/s 8 DC DC TPD
TPD

12 Booster Preamplifier 12
10Gb/s 1 1 10Gb/s
TPD BOFA TPD

CMDX
CMDX

25 GHz
25 GHz
10Gb/s 8 8 10Gb/s
TPD TPD

10Gb/s 1 1 10Gb/s
TPD TPD
BOFA
CMDX

CMDX
10Gb/s 8 8 10Gb/s
TPD TPD

Figure 33: OLTE 25GHZ architecture at band level

10 Gbs 10 Gbs 10 Gbs 10 Gbs

1 7 1 7
1 7 1 7

1:8 1:8 1:8 1:8

Band Band
OFA OFA

2 1

1 2
25 GHz
25 GHz
OADM-BMDX OADM-BMDX
1 1

DC DC

Pre-amplifier Booster

12 12

Figure 34: Band-OADM 25 GHz architecture

40
6.2 Additional system flexibility

6.2.1 C-OADM

The C-OADM is based on a new OADM architecture, based on single

channel management capability rather than on bands. It provides the
right solution whenever a single channel optimization of the add/drop
capacity is required.
In the following figure an example based on a wavelength blocker
device is reported.

WB blocks
BMDX

BMDX
BOFA

BOFA

CMDX CMDX
TRBCxy
TRBDxy

TRBCxy

TRBDxy

A further evolution of the reconfigurable C-OADM is possible moving

from fixed mux/demux configuration to tunable one for the drop side
(see block diagram for reference).

DROP BLOCKER ADD

... ...

DROP BLOCKER ADD

... ...

41
 This will allow to deploy a 8 channel mux/demux but with the capability
to drop any wavelength from the incoming multiplex, e.g. ch.27, ch.12,
ch.31, ch.3, ch.7 … instead of a set of pre-determined wavelengths. It
will be possible to deploy tunable modules to expand the drop capacity
in addition to the already installed non-tunable mux/demux.

6.2.2 X-OADM

The X-OADM is derived from the B-OADM architecture adding matrix

functionality on the added/dropped channels. In this way flexible client-
to-wavelength and wavelength-to-wavelength connections are possible.
One of the main advantages of this implementation is the possibility to
apply dynamic protection procedures, such as restoration, in the OADM
sites, with considerable cost saving compared to 1+1 protections
architectures.
In the following diagram a possible implementation is shown, with the
matrix inserted between the colored and B&W interfaces of the
added/dropped wavelengths. For the sake of simplicity just one
transmission direction is shown, but actually the matrix manages both
transmission directions.

10 Gbs 10 Gbs 10 Gbs 10 Gbs

B&W
interfaces

Matrix

Colored
10 Gbs 10 Gbs 10 Gbs 10 Gbs interfaces

1 7 1 7
1 7 1 7

1:8 1:8 1:8 1:8

Band Band
OFA OFA

2 1

1 2
25 GHz
25 GHz
OADM-BMDX OADM-BMDX
1 1

DC DC

Pre-amplifier Booster

10 10

Figure 35: possible X-OADM architecture

42
6.3 OMS and 1+1 optical protections

6.3.1 OMS protection

The OMSP is devoted to the protection of both the cable cuts and in
line amplifier failures. A schematic diagram is reported in the following
figure.

Working line

TRBD TRBD

DEMUX
MUX

SP SW

Protection line

SP=Splitter; SW=Switch

Figure 36: OMS optical protection

OMSP protection is achieved by means of minimum HW duplication. An
optical coupler at transmission side, after the multiplexing boards and
before the optical line amplifiers splits the signal into the working and
protected line path. At the receiver side an optical switch selects the
signal between working and protected line.
Amplifiers at both terminal station and line site are therefore duplicated
and protected, while multiplexing and transponder cards are not
duplicated, delivering a cost optimised solution to protect from cable
and amplifier failures.

6.3.2 1+1 optical protection

The 1+1 optical protection completely protects the optical path,

including cable, amplifiers, mux/demux and transponders. This higher
reliability is obtained by complete duplication of the transmission HW.

43
 The optical splitter duplicate the client signal at Tx side for the working
and the protection lines before the connection to the transponders; at
Rx side the switch selects the received signal to be sent to the client
equipment.
The schematic diagram of this optical protection is reported in the
following figure.

Working line
TRBD TRBD

MUX
MUX
Client

Client
SP SW
Protection line

MUX
MUX

TRBD TRBD

SP=Splitter; SW=Switch

Figure 37: 1+1 optical protection

6.4 CPE
The band architecture of the 1626 LIGHT MANAGER optical
multiplexers/demultiplexers is well suited to provide CPE configurations. For
example one 8-channels band can be remotely installed to provide a first traffic
aggregation step, where required, with the following advantages:
! Cost of DCU shared among 8 channels
! 3R interface cost minimization
! Optical fiber number saving
The following figure shows the block diagram of the CPE configuration. The
Band amplifiers are used to extend the distance between the remote traffic
aggregation site and the system Terminal.

44
 1
10Gb/s
TPD TERMINAL SITE

CMDX
1

1
10Gb/s
TPD
8 Band OFA DC
10Gb/s BMDX
TPD

CMDX DC

10

8
4x2.5Gb/s

REMOTE SITE

Figure 38: CPE configuration

6.5 40 Gb/s OLTE architecture

Transmission @ 40 Gb/s can easily be implemented with a dedicated band
Mux/Demux architecture with 100 GHz spacing and additional dispersion
compensation at channel level.
In the following diagram this architecture, with mix of 10 Gb/s and 40 Gb/s
bands, is reported.

45
 1 40Gb/s
40Gb/s 1 DC TPD
BOFA

CMDX
TPD
CMDX

1
1
4:1
4:1

BMDX
4 40Gb/s

BMDX
DC
40Gb/s 4 DC DC TPD
TPD

12 Booster Preamplifier 12
10Gb/s 1 1 10Gb/s
TPD BOFA TPD

CMDX
CMDX

25 GHz
25 GHz
10Gb/s 8 8 10Gb/s
TPD TPD

10Gb/s 1 1 10Gb/s
TPD TPD
BOFA
CMDX

CMDX
10Gb/s 8 8 10Gb/s
TPD TPD

Figure 39: OLTE architecture with a band dedicated to 40 Gb/s signals

(highlighted)

46
6.6 Raman amplification
Raman amplification is performed by means of powerful Raman pumps
counter-propagating in the transmission fiber with respect to the signal
direction. In this way the signal is amplified along the transmission fiber and the
overall system noise figure is reduced.
This is especially useful to extend the system maximum transmission distance
and to mitigate the penalty associated to the presence of very long spans in the
link.

Output signal eye diagram

Signal propagation

Input signal eye diagram OFA

Signal propagation

OFA

Raman pumps

5
With Raman Amplification
0
Power (dBm)

Without Raman Amplification

-5
Signal optical power
vs span length -10

-15

-20
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Length (km)

Figure 40: Raman amplification concept

47
6.7 Automatic Gain Equalization (AGE)
WDM channel powers accumulate tilt along the transmission path. This effect
needs to be counter-balanced in order to reach ULH transmission distances.
Particularly useful, from this point of view, is the introduction of smart filters
able to dynamically adjust the channels power whatever the temporal power tilt
evolution is.
This kind of devices can be installed periodically along the line, to keep the
channel power as equalized as possible, providing the best performance
improvement.
As reported in the following diagram the AGE receives the channel power
profile as input data and the dynamic filter transfer function is adjusted
accordingly. The AGE in the example is installed after a generic number “N” of
line amplifiers.

Terminal Terminal
xN xN

Tx Rx
DCU DCU
DCU DCU
Tx DCU

Rx

AGE

Power
monitoring

Figure 41: AGE implementation

48
7. APPENDIX-CHANNEL GRID
The 1626LM channel grid @ 50 GHz is reported in the following table;
darkened channels are skipped when using the Band OADM.

END OF DOCUMENT

49
Alcatel and the Alcatel logo are registered trademarks of
Alcatel. All other trademarks are the property of their
respective owners. Alcatel assumes no responsibility for
the accuracy of the information presented, which is
subject to change without notice.
© 09 2003 Alcatel. All rights reserved.

3AL 94521 AAAA TQZZA Ed. 2 It. 1